AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER among COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP., COMTECH TA CORP. and RADYNE CORPORATION Dated as of May 10, 2008
Exhibit 2.1
EXECUTION
VERSION
AGREEMENT
AND PLAN OF MERGER
among
COMTECH
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.,
COMTECH
TA CORP.
and
RADYNE
CORPORATION
Dated
as of May 10, 2008
Page
ARTICLE
I
DEFINITIONS
SECTION
1.01
|
Definitions.
For purposes of this Agreement:
|
1
|
ARTICLE
II
THE
OFFER
SECTION
2.01
|
The
Offer
|
4
|
SECTION
2.02
|
Company
Action
|
6
|
SECTION
2.03
|
Top-Up
Option
|
7
|
ARTICLE
III
THE
MERGER
SECTION
3.01
|
The
Merger
|
8
|
SECTION
3.02
|
Effective
Time
|
8
|
SECTION
3.03
|
Effect
of the Merger
|
8
|
SECTION
3.04
|
Certificate
of Incorporation; By-laws
|
8
|
SECTION
3.05
|
Directors
and Officers
|
9
|
SECTION
3.06
|
Conversion
of Securities
|
9
|
SECTION
3.07
|
Employee
Stock Options
|
9
|
SECTION
3.08
|
Restricted
Stock Units
|
10
|
SECTION
3.09
|
Employee
Stock Purchase Plan
|
10
|
SECTION
3.10
|
Dissenting
Shares
|
10
|
SECTION
3.11
|
Surrender
of Shares; Stock Transfer Books
|
11
|
ARTICLE
IV
REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
SECTION
4.01
|
Organization
and Qualification; Subsidiaries
|
13
|
SECTION
4.02
|
Certificate
of Incorporation and By-laws
|
13
|
SECTION
4.03
|
Capitalization
|
13
|
SECTION
4.04
|
Relative
to This Agreement Authority
|
14
|
SECTION
4.05
|
No
Conflict; Required Filings and Consents
|
16
|
SECTION
4.06
|
Permits;
Compliance
|
16
|
SECTION
4.07
|
SEC
Filings; Financial Statements
|
17
|
SECTION
4.08
|
Financial
Statements; No Undisclosed Liabilities
|
18
|
SECTION
4.09
|
Absence
of Certain Changes or Events
|
18
|
SECTION
4.10
|
Absence
of Litigation
|
19
|
SECTION
4.11
|
Employee
Benefit Plans
|
19
|
SECTION
4.12
|
Labor
Matters
|
21
|
SECTION
4.13
|
Offer
Documents; Schedule 14D-9; Proxy Statement
|
21
|
SECTION
4.14
|
Property
and Leases
|
22
|
i
SECTION
4.15
|
Intellectual
Property
|
23
|
SECTION
4.16
|
Taxes
|
24
|
SECTION
4.17
|
Environmental
Matters
|
26
|
SECTION
4.18
|
No
Rights Agreement
|
26
|
SECTION
4.19
|
Material
Contracts
|
26
|
SECTION
4.20
|
Insurance
|
28
|
SECTION
4.21
|
Brokers
|
28
|
SECTION
4.22
|
Affiliate
Transactions
|
29
|
SECTION
4.23
|
Opinion
of Financial Advisors
|
29
|
ARTICLE
V
REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND PURCHASER
SECTION
5.01
|
Corporate
Organization
|
29
|
SECTION
5.02
|
Authority
Relative to This Agreement
|
29
|
SECTION
5.03
|
No
Conflict; Required Filings and Consents
|
30
|
SECTION
5.04
|
Financing
|
30
|
SECTION
5.05
|
Offer
Documents; Proxy Statement
|
30
|
SECTION
5.06
|
Ownership
of Company Capital Stock
|
31
|
ARTICLE
VI
CONDUCT
OF BUSINESS PENDING THE MERGER
SECTION
6.01
|
Conduct
of Business by the Company Pending the Merger
|
31
|
ARTICLE
VII
ADDITIONAL
AGREEMENTS
SECTION
7.01
|
Stockholders’
Meeting
|
34
|
SECTION
7.02
|
Proxy
Statement
|
35
|
SECTION
7.03
|
Company
Board Representation; Section 14(f)
|
36
|
SECTION
7.04
|
Access
to Information; Confidentiality
|
37
|
SECTION
7.05
|
Acquisition
Proposals
|
38
|
SECTION
7.06
|
Employee
Benefits Matters
|
41
|
SECTION
7.07
|
Directors’
and Officers’ Indemnification and Insurance
|
41
|
SECTION
7.08
|
Further
Action; Reasonable Best Efforts
|
43
|
SECTION
7.09
|
Public
Announcements
|
44
|
SECTION
7.10
|
Certain
Notifications
|
44
|
ARTICLE
VIII
CONDITIONS
TO THE MERGER
SECTION
8.01
|
Conditions
to the Merger
|
45
|
ii
ARTICLE
IX
TERMINATION,
AMENDMENT AND WAIVER
SECTION
9.01
|
Termination
|
45
|
SECTION
9.02
|
Effect
of Termination
|
47
|
SECTION
9.03
|
Fees
and Expenses
|
47
|
SECTION
9.04
|
Amendment
|
49
|
SECTION
9.05
|
Waiver
|
49
|
ARTICLE
X
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
SECTION
10.01
|
Non-Survival
of Representations, Warranties and Agreements
|
49
|
SECTION
10.02
|
Notices
|
49
|
SECTION
10.03
|
Severability
|
50
|
SECTION
10.04
|
Entire
Agreement; Assignment
|
50
|
SECTION
10.05
|
Parties
in Interest
|
51
|
SECTION
10.06
|
Governing
Law; Specific Performance
|
51
|
SECTION
10.07
|
Waiver
of Jury Trial
|
51
|
SECTION
10.08
|
Headings
|
52
|
SECTION
10.09
|
Counterparts
|
52
|
ANNEX
A
|
Conditions
to the Offer
|
1
|
EXHIBIT
A
|
Certificate
of Incorporation
|
|
EXHIBIT
B
|
Bylaws
|
|
iii
TABLE OF DEFINED
TERMS
The
following terms are defined in the section of this Agreement set forth after
such term below:
Acceptable
Confidentiality Agreement
|
SECTION
7.05(b)
|
accredited
investor
|
SECTION
2.03(d)
|
Acquisition
Proposal
|
SECTION
7.05(a)
|
Action
|
SECTION
4.10
|
Agreement
|
PREAMBLE
|
Anti-takeover
Laws
|
SECTION
4.04(b)
|
Appointment
Time
|
SECTION
7.03(a)
|
Blue
Sky Laws
|
SECTION
4.05(b)
|
Board
|
RECITALS
|
Burdensome
Condition
|
SECTION
7.08(d)
|
Certificate
of Merger
|
SECTION
3.02
|
Certificates
|
SECTION
3.11(b)
|
Change
in Board Recommendation
|
SECTION
7.05(c)
|
Common
Parent
|
SECTION
4.16(k)
|
Company
|
PREAMBLE
|
Company
2007 Form 10-K
|
SECTION
4.08(b)
|
Company
Leases
|
SECTION
4.14(c)
|
Company
Stock Option
|
SECTION
3.07
|
Company
Stock Option Plans
|
SECTION
3.07
|
Company
Subleases
|
SECTION
4.14(c)
|
Confidentiality
Agreement
|
SECTION
7.04(b)
|
covered
employees
|
SECTION
4.11(i)
|
Deal
Expenses
|
SECTION
9.03(b)
|
definitive
material agreement
|
SECTION
4.19(a)
|
DGCL
|
RECITALS
|
Disclosure
Schedule
|
ARTICLE
IV
|
Dissenting
Shares
|
SECTION
3.10(a)
|
Effective
Time
|
SECTION
3.02
|
ERISA
|
SECTION
4.11(a)
|
ERISA
Affiliate
|
SECTION
1.01
|
ESPP
|
SECTION
3.09
|
excess
parachute payments
|
SECTION
4.11(d)
|
Exchange
Act
|
SECTION
2.01(a)
|
Expiration
Date
|
SECTION
2.01(b)
|
Fairness
Opinion
|
SECTION
2.02(a)
|
Fully
Diluted Basis
|
SECTION
1.01
|
GAAP
|
SECTION
4.07(b)
|
Governmental
Authority
|
SECTION
4.05(b)
|
Hazardous
Substances
|
SECTION
1.01
|
Indemnified
Parties
|
SECTION
7.07(b)
|
Independent
Directors
|
SECTION
7.03(c)
|
Insurance
Policies
|
SECTION
4.20
|
Intellectual
Property
|
SECTION
1.01
|
IP
Contracts
|
SECTION
1.01
|
iv
TABLE
OF DEFINED TERMS
(continued)
IRS
|
SECTION
4.11(a)
|
Law
|
SECTION
4.05(a)
|
Leased
Property
|
SECTION
4.14(c)
|
Leases
|
SECTION
4.14(c)
|
Lien
|
SECTION
1.01
|
listed
transaction
|
SECTION
4.16(k)
|
material
contracts
|
SECTION
4.19(a)
|
material
weakness
|
SECTION
4.07(c)
|
Material
Adverse Effect
|
SECTION
1.01
|
Merger
|
RECITALS
|
Merger
Consideration
|
SECTION
3.06(a)
|
Minimum
Condition
|
ANNEX
A
|
multiemployer
plan
|
SECTION
4.11(f)
|
NASDAQ
|
SECTION
7.03(c)
|
nonqualified
deferred compensation plan
|
SECTION
4.11(j)
|
Offer
|
RECITALS
|
Offer
Documents
|
SECTION
2.01(d)
|
Offer
to Purchase
|
SECTION
2.01(d)
|
Option
Payment
|
SECTION
3.07
|
Outside
Date
|
SECTION
9.01(b)(i)
|
Parent
|
PREAMBLE
|
Paying
Agent
|
SECTION
3.11(a)
|
Per
Share Amount
|
RECITALS
|
Permits
|
SECTION
4.06
|
Permitted
Lien
|
SECTION
1.01
|
Personal
Property
|
SECTION
4.14(a)
|
Plans
|
SECTION
4.11(a)
|
Proxy
Statement
|
SECTION
4.13
|
Purchaser
|
PREAMBLE
|
reportable
transaction
|
SECTION
4.16(k)
|
Restraints
|
SECTION
8.01(b)
|
Restricted
Stock Unit
|
SECTION
3.08
|
Restricted
Stock Unit Payment
|
SECTION
3.08
|
Sarbanes
Oxley
|
SECTION
4.07(d)
|
Schedule
14D-9
|
SECTION
2.02(b)
|
Schedule
TO
|
SECTION
2.01(d)
|
SEC
|
SECTION
2.01(b)
|
SEC
Reports
|
SECTION
4.07(a)
|
SEC
Staff
|
SECTION
2.01(b)
|
Securities
Act
|
SECTION
4.07(a)
|
Shares
|
RECITALS
|
significant
deficiency
|
SECTION
4.07(c)
|
Stockholders'
Meeting
|
SECTION
7.01(a)
|
Superior
Proposal
|
SECTION
7.05(h)
|
Surviving
Corporation
|
SECTION
3.03
|
Taxes
|
SECTION
1.01
|
v
TABLE
OF DEFINED TERMS
(continued)
Tax
Return
|
SECTION
1.01
|
Tax
shelter
|
SECTION
4.16(k)
|
Tender
Offer Conditions
|
SECTION
2.01(a)
|
Termination
Fee
|
SECTION
9.03(b)
|
Top-Up
Option
|
SECTION
2.03(a)
|
Top-Up
Option Shares
|
SECTION
2.03(a)
|
Transactions
|
SECTION
2.02(a)
|
vi
AGREEMENT
AND PLAN OF MERGER
This
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (this “Agreement”) is
entered into as of May 10, 2008, by and among COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.,
a Delaware corporation (“Parent”), COMTECH TA
CORP., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (“Purchaser”), and
RADYNE CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”).
WHEREAS,
the Boards of Directors of Parent, Purchaser and the Company have each
determined that it is in the best interests of their respective stockholders for
Parent to acquire the Company upon the terms and subject to the conditions set
forth herein;
WHEREAS,
in furtherance of such acquisition, it is proposed that Purchaser shall make a
cash tender offer to acquire all the issued and outstanding shares of common
stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (“Shares”) for $11.50
per Share (such amount, or any greater amount per Share paid pursuant to the
Offer, being the “Per
Share Amount”), net to the seller in cash (the “Offer”), upon the
terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement and the
Offer;
WHEREAS,
the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) has
unanimously approved the making of the Offer and resolved to recommend that
holders of Shares tender their Shares pursuant to the Offer; and
WHEREAS,
also in furtherance of such acquisition, the Boards of Directors of Parent,
Purchaser and the Company have each approved this Agreement and declared its
advisability and approved the merger (the “Merger”) of Purchaser
with and into the Company in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), following the
consummation of the Offer and upon the terms and subject to the conditions set
forth herein.
NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and
agreements herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby, Parent,
Purchaser and the Company hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
SECTION
1.01 Definitions.
For purposes
of this Agreement:
“affiliate” of a
specified person means a person who directly, or indirectly through one or more
intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with,
such specified person.
“beneficial owner”,
with respect to any Shares, has the meaning ascribed to such term under Rule
13d-3(a) of the Exchange Act.
“business day” means
any day on which the principal offices of the SEC in Washington, D.C. are open
to accept filings, or, in the case of determining a date when any payment is
due, any day
1
(other
than a Saturday or Sunday) on which banks are not required or authorized to
close in the city of Phoenix, Arizona.
“code” means the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“control” (including
the terms “controlled
by” and “under
common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, or as
trustee or executor, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the
management and policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting
securities, as trustee or executor, by contract or credit arrangement or
otherwise.
“Environmental Laws”
means any federal, state, local, or foreign law, regulation, ordinance, code,
decree, applicable judgment, common law standard, or other enforceable
requirement of Governmental Authorities relating to (i) releases of Hazardous
Substances; (ii) the manufacture, handling, transport, use, treatment, storage
or disposal of Hazardous Substances; or (iii) pollution or protection of the
environment.
“ERISA Affiliate”
means any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) under common control
with the Company or any Subsidiary and which, together with the Company or any
Subsidiary, is treated as a single employer within the meaning of Section
414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code.
“Fully Diluted Basis”
means after taking into account all outstanding Shares and assuming the
exercise, conversion or exchange of all options, warrants, convertible or
exchangeable securities and similar rights and the issuance of all Shares that
the Company is obligated to issue thereunder.
“Hazardous Substances”
means (i) those substances regulated under the United States Hazardous Materials
Transportation Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, the Clean
Water Act and the Clean Air Act; (ii) petroleum and petroleum products; and
(iii) any other substance, chemical, pollutant, contaminant or other material
regulated by any Governmental Authority pursuant to any Environmental
Law.
“Intellectual
Property” means all intellectual property rights of any kind or nature,
including all United States, non-United States and international (i) patents,
patent applications and statutory invention registrations, (ii) trademarks,
service marks, domain names, trade dress, logos, slogans, trade names, corporate
names and other source identifiers, and registrations and applications for
registration thereof, (iii) copyrightable works, copyrights, and registrations
and applications for registration thereof, (iv) rights in computer software and
related technology, and (v) confidential and proprietary information, including
trade secrets, know-how, inventions, proprietary processes, formulae, models,
and methodologies.
“IP Contracts” has the
meaning set forth in Section 4.15(b).
“knowledge of the
Company” means, with respect to any matter in question, the actual
knowledge of the individuals set forth on Section 1.01 of the Disclosure
Schedule.
2
“Lien” means any
mortgage, pledge, lien, hypothecation, charge, security interest, easement,
covenant, encroachment, right of way or other encumbrance or defect to title, or
any option, right of first refusal, right of first offer or other adverse
claim.
“Material Adverse
Effect” means, with respect to the Company, any event, violation,
inaccuracy, circumstance or development that, individually or in the aggregate,
with other events, violations, inaccuracies, circumstances or developments, has
or would reasonably be likely to (i) have a material adverse effect on the
business, financial condition or results of operations of the Company and the
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (ii) prevent, impair or materially delay the
ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or
consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except to the extent
that such event, violation, inaccuracy, circumstance or development results,
alone or in combination, from the following, none of which shall be taken into
account in determining whether any such Material Adverse Effect has occurred:
(A) general economic, market or political conditions, or acts of war, terrorism
or sabotage, natural disasters, acts of God or comparable events, in each case
except to the extent that the same disproportionately affect the Company and the
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as compared to other companies in the industries
or industry sectors in which the Company and the Subsidiaries operate; (B)
conditions affecting the industries or industry sectors in which the Company and
the Subsidiaries operate, except to the extent that the same disproportionately
affect the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as compared to other
companies in the industries or industry sectors in which the Company and the
Subsidiaries operate; (C) changes arising out of the announcement, pendency or
consummation of the Offer, the Merger, this Agreement or any of the transactions
contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, (1) any actions of
competitors, (2) any actions taken by or losses of employees or (3) any delays
or cancellations of orders for products or services; (D) changes in the market
price or trading volume of the Company’s common stock (provided, that the
underlying causes of such changes shall not be excluded pursuant to this clause
(D)); (E) changes in legal requirements or GAAP, except to the extent that the
same disproportionately affect the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a
whole, as compared to other companies affected by the changes in legal
requirements or GAAP; (F) any failure of the Company to meet internal
projections or analysts’ expectations for any period ending after the date of
this Agreement (provided, that the underlying causes of such failure shall not
be excluded pursuant to this clause (F)); or (G) changes resulting from any
action taken pursuant to or in accordance with this Agreement or at the request
of Parent.
“Permitted Lien” means
any (A) statutory Lien for current Taxes and assessments not yet past due or
delinquent, (B) inchoate mechanics’ and materialmen’s Liens for construction in
progress, (C) workmen’s, repairmen’s, warehousemen’s and carriers’ Liens arising
in the ordinary course of business for sums not yet due and payable, and (D) all
matters of record, Liens and other imperfections of title and encumbrances that
do not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse
Effect.
“person” means an
individual, corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability
company, syndicate, person (including, without limitation, a “person” as defined
in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), trust, association or entity or
government, political subdivision, agency or instrumentality of a
government.
3
“subsidiary” or “subsidiaries” of the
Company, the Surviving Corporation (as defined herein), Parent or any other
person means an affiliate controlled by such person, directly or indirectly,
through one or more intermediaries.
“Taxes” means any and
all taxes, fees, levies, duties, tariffs, imposts and other similar charges of
any kind imposed by any Governmental Authority, including, without limitation
(A) all federal, state, local, foreign and other net income, gross income, gross
receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease,
service, service use, withholding, estimated, payroll, employment, excise,
severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs,
duties or other taxes, fees, assessments or charges of any kind whatsoever,
together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax or additional
amounts with respect thereto, (B) any liability for payment of amounts described
in clause (A) whether as a result of transferee liability, of being a member of
an affiliated, consolidated, combined or unitary group for any period, or
otherwise through operation of Law, and (C) any liability for the payment of
amounts described in clauses (A) or (B) as a result of any tax sharing, tax
indemnity or tax allocation agreement or any other express or implied agreement
to indemnify any other person; and
“Tax Return” means any
report, return, document, declaration or other information or filing (including
elections, declarations, disclosures, schedules, estimates and information
returns (including Form 1099 and partnership returns filed on Form 1065))
required to be supplied to any taxing authority or jurisdiction (foreign or
domestic) with respect to Taxes.
ARTICLE II
THE
OFFER
SECTION
2.01 The
Offer.
(a) Provided that this Agreement shall not
have been terminated in accordance with Section 9.01 and that none of the events
or conditions set forth in Annex
A shall have occurred and
be existing and shall not have been waived by Parent (the conditions set forth
in Annex
A, the “Tender Offer
Conditions”), Purchaser
shall commence (within the meaning of Rule 14d-2 under the U.S. Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (together with the rules and regulations
thereunder, the “Exchange
Act”)) the Offer as
promptly as practicable and in any event within ten (10) business days after the
date hereof. The obligation of Purchaser to accept for payment Shares validly
tendered pursuant to the Offer and to pay the Per Share Amount for each such
tendered and not subsequently withdrawn Share shall be subject only to the
Tender Offer Conditions. Purchaser expressly reserves the right to waive any
such condition, to increase the Per Share Amount payable in the Offer, and to
make any other changes to the terms and conditions of the Offer; provided, however, that without the prior written consent
of the Company (i) the Minimum Condition (as defined in Annex
A) may not be waived and
(ii) no change may be made that (A) changes the form of consideration to be paid
pursuant to the Offer, (B) decreases the Per Share Amount payable in the Offer,
(C) reduces the maximum number of Shares to be purchased in the Offer, (D)
imposes conditions to the Offer in addition to those set forth in Annex
A hereto, or (E) amends the
conditions set forth in Annex
A hereto in any manner
materially adverse to the holders of Shares.
4
(b) Subject to the terms and conditions
thereof, the Offer shall
remain open until midnight, New York City time, at the end of the twentieth
(20th) business day after the date that the Offer is commenced (the
“Expiration
Date”), unless Purchaser
shall have extended the period of time for which the Offer is open pursuant to,
and in accordance with, this Section 2.01(b) or as may be required by applicable
Law, in which event the term “Expiration Date” shall mean the latest time and
date as the Offer, as so extended, may expire. Unless this Agreement or the Offer is
terminated in accordance with its terms, Purchaser shall extend the Offer from time to
time: (i) if the Minimum
Condition is not satisfied on or before the Expiration Date; (ii) if any of the
conditions of the Offer set forth in clause (ii) of the second paragraph of the
Tender Offer Conditions are
not satisfied on or before the Expiration Date; (iii) if the condition set forth in
clause (d) of Annex
A is not satisfied and is
the sole condition remaining unsatisfied and the Company is using its reasonable
best efforts to satisfy such condition; or (iv) if any applicable Law, rule,
regulation, interpretation or position of the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the “SEC”) or the staff of the SEC (the “SEC
Staff”) thereof applicable to the Offer requires such
extension. Purchaser shall extend the Offer for up to five (5) business days
after the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in clauses (i),
(ii) or (iii) in the immediately preceding sentence, or for such period as may
be required by any applicable Law, rule, regulation, interpretation or position
set forth with respect to the condition in clause (iv) in the immediately
preceding sentence; provided, however, that Purchaser shall not be required
to extend the Offer beyond the Outside Date. Unless this Agreement or the Offer
is terminated in accordance with its terms, Purchaser may in its sole election
extend the Offer from time to time if any of the Tender Offer Conditions, other
than the conditions set forth in the second sentence of this Section 2.01(b),
are not satisfied or waived on or before the Expiration Date. If all of the
Tender Offer Conditions are satisfied, but the number of Shares that have been validly tendered and not withdrawn
in the Offer, together with
any Shares then owned by Parent is less than 90% of the outstanding Shares on a Fully
Diluted Basis, Purchaser
may, in its sole discretion, and subject to the first sentence of subsection
(c), commence a subsequent offering period (as provided in Rule 14d-11 under the
Exchange Act) for three to 20 business days to acquire additional outstanding
Shares.
(c) Subject to the terms and conditions set
forth in this Agreement and to the satisfaction or waiver of the Tender Offer
Conditions, Purchaser shall, and Parent shall cause it to, promptly after the
Expiration Date, accept for payment and pay for (after giving effect to any
required withholding Tax) all Shares that have been validly tendered and not
withdrawn pursuant to the Offer. If Purchaser shall commence a subsequent
offering period in connection with the Offer, Purchaser shall accept for payment
and pay for (after giving effect to any required withholding Tax) all additional
Shares validly tendered during such subsequent offering
period.
(d) As promptly as reasonably practicable on
the date of commencement of the Offer, Purchaser shall file with the SEC a
Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO (together with all amendments and
supplements thereto, the “Schedule
TO”) with respect to the Offer. The
Schedule TO shall contain or shall incorporate by reference an offer to purchase
(the “Offer to
Purchase”) and forms of the related letter of
transmittal and forms of
notice of guaranteed delivery and any related summary advertisement (the
Schedule TO, the Offer to Purchase and such other documents, together with all
supplements and amendments thereto, being referred to herein collectively as the
“Offer
Documents”). Each of Parent, Purchaser and the
Company agrees to correct promptly any information provided by it for use in the
Offer Documents if
and
5
to the extent that it shall have become false or misleading
in any material respect, and Parent and Purchaser further agree to take all
steps necessary to cause the Schedule TO, as so corrected, to be filed with the
SEC, and the other Offer Documents, as so corrected, to be disseminated to
holders of Shares, in each case as and to the extent required by applicable
Law. The Company shall
promptly furnish to Parent and Purchaser all information concerning the Company
that is required or reasonably requested by Parent or Purchaser in connection
with the obligations relating to the Offer Documents contained in this Section
2.01(d). Parent and
Purchaser shall give the Company and its counsel a reasonable opportunity to
review and comment on the Offer Documents prior to such documents being filed
with the SEC or disseminated to holders of Shares. Parent and Purchaser shall
provide the Company and its counsel with any comments that Parent, Purchaser or
their counsel may receive from the SEC or the SEC Staff with respect to the Offer
Documents promptly after the receipt of such comments and shall provide the
Company and its counsel with a reasonable opportunity to participate in the
response of Parent or Purchaser to such comments.
SECTION
2.02 Company
Action.
(a) The Company hereby approves of and
consents to the Offer and represents and warrants that the Board, at a meeting duly called
and held on May 8, 2008, has, subject to the terms and conditions
set forth in this Agreement, unanimously (i) determined that this
Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including each of the Offer
and the Merger (collectively, the “Transactions”), are fair to, and in the best
interests of, the holders of Shares, (ii) approved and declared advisable this
Agreement and the Transactions (such approval having been made in accordance
with the DGCL, including, without limitation, Section 203 thereof), and (iii)
resolved to recommend that the holders of Shares accept the Offer and tender
their Shares pursuant to the Offer, and that the holders of Shares adopt this Agreement and approve the
Transactions to the extent
required by applicable Law.
The Company further represents that Xxxxxxx & Company, LLC has delivered to
the Board a written opinion that, as of the date of this Agreement, the
consideration to be received by the holders of Shares pursuant to each of the
Offer and the Merger is fair to the holders of Shares from a financial point of
view (the “Fairness
Opinion”). The Company hereby consents to the
inclusion in the Offer Documents of the recommendation of the Board described in
this Section 2.02(a).
(b) As promptly as reasonably practicable on
the date of commencement of the Offer, the Company shall file with the SEC a
Tender Offer Solicitation/Recommendation Statement on Schedule 14D-9 (together
with all amendments and supplements thereto, the “Schedule
14D-9”) containing, subject to Section 7.05(c), the Fairness Opinion and the
recommendation of the Board described in Section 2.02 (a), and shall disseminate the Schedule
14D-9 to the extent required by Rule 14d-9 promulgated under the Exchange Act,
and any other applicable Law. The Company will use its reasonable
best efforts to cause the Schedule 14D-9 to comply in all material respects with
the applicable requirements under Law. Each of the Company, Parent and
Purchaser agrees to correct promptly any information provided by it for use in
the Schedule 14D-9 if and
to the extent that it shall
have become false or misleading in any material respect, and the Company further
agrees to take all steps necessary to cause the Schedule 14D-9, as so corrected, to be filed with
the SEC and disseminated to holders of Shares, in each case as and to the extent
required by applicable Law. The Company shall give Parent and its
counsel a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on the Schedule 14D-9
prior to such
6
document being filed with the SEC or
disseminated to holders of Shares. The Company shall provide Parent and its
counsel with any comments that the Company or its counsel may receive from the
SEC or the SEC Staff with respect to the Schedule
14D-9 promptly after the receipt of such comments and shall provide Parent and
its counsel with a reasonable opportunity to participate in the response of the
Company to such comments.
(c) The Company shall promptly furnish
Purchaser with mailing labels containing the names and addresses of all record
holders of Shares and with security position listings of Shares held in stock
depositories, each as of a recent date, together with all other available
listings and computer files containing names, addresses and security position
listings of record holders and beneficial owners of Shares. The Company shall
furnish Parent and Purchaser with such additional information, including,
without limitation, updated listings and computer files of stockholders, mailing
labels and security position listings, and such other assistance in
disseminating the Offer Documents to holders of Shares as Parent or Purchaser
may reasonably request. Subject to the requirements of applicable Law, and
except for such steps as are necessary to disseminate the Offer Documents and
any other documents necessary to consummate the Offer or the Merger, Parent and
Purchaser shall hold in confidence the information contained in such labels,
listings and files, shall use such information only in connection with the
Transactions, and, if this Agreement shall be terminated in accordance with
Article IX, shall deliver to the Company all copies of such information then in
their possession.
SECTION
2.03 Top-Up
Option.
(a) The Company hereby grants to Parent and
Purchaser an irrevocable option (the “Top-Up
Option”) to purchase up to that number of newly
issued Shares (the “Top-Up
Option Shares”) equal to the number of Shares that,
when added to the number of Shares owned by Parent and Purchaser immediately
following consummation of the Offer, shall constitute one Share more than 90% of
the Shares then outstanding on a Fully Diluted Basis (after giving effect to the
issuance of the Top-Up Option Shares) for consideration per Top-Up Option Share
equal to the Per Share Amount.
(b) The Top-Up Option shall be exercisable
only after the purchase of and payment for Shares pursuant to the Offer by
Parent or Purchaser as a result of which Parent and Purchaser own beneficially
at least a majority of the outstanding Shares. The Top-Up Option shall not be
exercisable if the number of Shares subject thereto exceeds the number of
authorized Shares available for issuance.
(c) In the event that Parent or Purchaser
wish to exercise the Top-Up Option, Purchaser shall give the Company one day’s
prior written notice specifying the number of Shares that are or will be owned
by Parent and Purchaser immediately following consummation of the Offer and
specifying a place and a time for the closing of the purchase. The Company
shall, as soon as practicable following receipt of such notice, deliver written
notice to Purchaser specifying the number of Top-Up Option Shares. At the
closing of the purchase of the Top-Up Option Shares, the portion of the purchase
price owing upon exercise of the Top-Up Option that equals the product of (i)
the number of Shares purchased pursuant to the Top-Up Option, multiplied by (ii)
the Per Share Amount, shall be paid to the Company, at the election of
Parent
7
and Purchaser, in cash (by wire transfer
or cashier’s check) or by delivery of a promissory note having full recourse to
Parent.
(d) Parent and Purchaser acknowledge that
the Top-Up Option Shares that Purchaser may acquire pursuant to the Top-Up
Option will not be registered under the Securities Act and will be issued in
reliance upon an exemption thereunder for transactions not involving a public
offering. Parent and Purchaser represent and warrant to the Company that
Purchaser is, or will be upon the purchase of the Top-Up Options Shares, an
“accredited investor,” as defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D under the
Securities Act. Purchaser agrees that the Top-Up Option and the Top-Up Option
Shares to be acquired upon exercise of the Top-Up Option are being and will be
acquired by Purchaser for the purpose of investment and not with a view to, or
for resale in connection with, any distribution thereof (within the meaning of
the Securities Act).
ARTICLE III
THE
MERGER
SECTION
3.01 The
Merger.
Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in Article VIII, and in
accordance with the DGCL, at the Effective Time (as defined in Section 3.02),
Purchaser shall be merged with and into the Company.
SECTION
3.02 Effective
Time. As
promptly as practicable after the satisfaction or, if permissible, waiver of the
conditions set forth in Article VIII, the parties hereto shall cause the Merger
to be consummated by filing this Agreement or a certificate of merger or
certificate of ownership and merger (in either case, the “Certificate of
Merger”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, in such
form as is required by, and executed in accordance with, the relevant provisions
of the DGCL (the date and time of such filing of the Certificate of Merger (or
such later time as may be agreed by each of the parties hereto and specified in
the Certificate of Merger) being the “Effective
Time”).
SECTION
3.03 Effect of
the Merger.
As a result of the Merger, the separate corporate existence of Purchaser shall
cease and the Company shall continue as the surviving corporation of the Merger
(the “Surviving
Corporation”). At the Effective Time, the effect of the Merger shall be
as provided in the applicable provisions of the DGCL. Without limiting the
generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Effective Time, all the
property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of the Company and Purchaser
shall vest in the Surviving Corporation, and all debts, liabilities,
obligations, restrictions, disabilities and duties of the Company and Purchaser
shall become the debts, liabilities, obligations, restrictions, disabilities and
duties of the Surviving Corporation.
SECTION
3.04 Certificate
of Incorporation; By-laws.
(a) At the Effective Time, the Certificate
of Incorporation of the Company shall be amended so as to read in the form of
Exhibit
A hereto and, as so
amended, shall be the Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation
until thereafter amended as provided by Law and such Certificate of
Incorporation.
(b) At the Effective Time, the By-laws of
the Company shall be amended so as to read in the form of Exhibit
B hereto and, as so
amended, shall be the By-laws of the
8
Surviving Corporation until thereafter
amended as provided by Law, the Certificate of Incorporation of
the Surviving Corporation and such By-laws.
SECTION
3.05 Directors
and Officers.
The directors of Purchaser immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the
initial directors of the Surviving Corporation, each to hold office in
accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of the Surviving
Corporation, and the officers of the Company immediately prior to the Effective
Time shall be the initial officers of the Surviving Corporation, in each case
until their respective successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified or
until their earlier death, resignation or removal.
SECTION
3.06 Conversion
of Securities.
At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the
part of Purchaser, the Company or the holders of any of the following
securities:
(a) Each Share issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than any Shares to be canceled
pursuant to Section 3.06(b) and any Dissenting Shares (as hereinafter defined))
shall be canceled and shall be converted automatically into the right to receive
an amount equal to the Per Share Amount (the “Merger
Consideration”) payable, without interest, to the
holder of such Share, upon surrender, in the manner provided in Section 3.10, of
the Certificate that formerly evidenced such
Share;
(b) Each Share held in the treasury of the
Company and each Share owned by Purchaser, Parent or any direct or indirect
wholly-owned subsidiary of
Parent or of the Company immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be
canceled without any conversion thereof and no payment or distribution shall be
made with respect thereto; and
(c) Each share of common stock, par value
$.01 per share, of Purchaser issued and outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time shall be converted into and exchanged for one validly issued,
fully paid and nonassessable share of common stock, par value $.01 per share, of
the Surviving Corporation.
SECTION
3.07 Employee
Stock Options.
Effective as of the Effective Time, the Company shall take all necessary action,
including obtaining the consent of the individual option holders, if necessary,
to (i) terminate the Company’s 1996 Stock Option Plan, 2000 Long-Term Incentive
Plan, and 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, each as amended through the date of this
Agreement (the “Company Stock Option
Plans”), (ii) provide that each outstanding option to purchase shares of
Company common stock granted under the Company Stock Option Plans (each, a
“Company Stock
Option”) that is outstanding and unexercised as of immediately prior to
the Effective Time, whether or not vested or exercisable, shall become fully
vested and exercisable as of the Effective Time, and (iii) cancel as of the
Effective Time each Company Stock Option that is outstanding and unexercised at
the Effective Time. Each holder of a Company Stock Option that is outstanding
and unexercised at the Effective Time and that has an exercise price per Share
that is less than the Merger Consideration shall be entitled (subject to the
provisions of this Section 3.07) to be paid by the Surviving Corporation
immediately after the Effective Time, in exchange for the cancellation of such
Company Stock Option, an amount in cash (subject to any applicable withholding
taxes) with respect to each Share subject to the Company Stock Option equal to
the excess, if any, of the Merger Consideration over the
9
applicable
per share exercise price of such Company Stock Option (the “Option Payment”). Any
such payment shall be subject to all applicable federal, state and local tax
withholding requirements. The Company shall take all necessary action to approve
the disposition of the Company Stock Options in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement to the extent necessary to exempt such
dispositions under Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act. Prior to the Effective Time,
Parent shall cause to be wired to an account designated by the Company an amount
sufficient to enable the Company to make the payments required pursuant to this
Section 3.07.
SECTION
3.08 Restricted
Stock Units.
Effective as of the Effective Time, the Company shall take all necessary action,
including obtaining the consent of the individual restricted stock unit holders,
if necessary, to (i) provide that each outstanding restricted stock unit granted
under the Company Stock Option Plans (each, a “Restricted Stock
Unit”) that is outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time,
whether or not vested, shall become fully vested as of the Effective Time, and
(ii) cancel as of the Effective Time each Restricted Stock Unit that is
outstanding at the Effective Time. Each holder of a Restricted Stock Unit that
is outstanding at the Effective Time shall be entitled (subject to the
provisions of this Section 3.08) to be paid by the Surviving Corporation
immediately after the Effective Time, in exchange for the cancellation of such
Restricted Stock Unit, an amount in cash (subject to any applicable withholding
taxes) with respect to each Share subject to the Restricted Stock Unit equal to
the Merger Consideration (the “Restricted Stock Unit
Payment”). Any such
payment shall be subject to all applicable federal, state and local tax
withholding requirements. The Company shall take all necessary action to approve
the disposition of the Restricted Stock Units in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement to the extent necessary to exempt
such dispositions under Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act. Prior to the Effective
Time, Parent shall cause to be wired to an account designated by the Company an
amount sufficient to enable the Company to make the payments required pursuant
to this Section 3.08.
SECTION
3.09 Employee
Stock Purchase Plan.
The Company shall take all actions necessary to suspend any pending Purchase
Period (as such term is defined in the Company’s 1999 Employee Stock Purchase
Plan ( as amended through the date of this Agreement, the “ESPP”)) as of the
date hereof. As of the Effective Time, conditioned upon the
consummation of the Merger, the Company shall take all actions necessary to
terminate the ESPP. Upon the termination of the ESPP, all amounts in
the Stock Purchase Accounts (as such term is defined in the ESPP) as of the
Effective Time shall be returned to such participants as soon as reasonably
practicable.
SECTION
3.10 Dissenting
Shares.
(a) Notwithstanding any provision of this
Agreement to the contrary, Shares that are outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time and that are held by stockholders who shall have neither voted in
favor of the Merger nor consented thereto in writing and who shall have demanded
properly in writing appraisal for such Shares in accordance with Section 262 of
the DGCL (collectively, the “Dissenting
Shares”) shall not be converted into, or
represent the right to receive, the Merger Consideration. Such stockholders
shall be entitled to receive payment of the appraised value of such Shares held
by them in accordance with the provisions of such Section 262, except that
Dissenting Shares held by stockholders who shall have failed
to
10
perfect or who effectively shall have
withdrawn or lost their rights to appraisal of such Shares under such Section
262 shall thereupon be deemed to have been converted into, and to have become
exchangeable for, as of the Effective Time, the right to receive the Merger
Consideration, without any interest thereon, upon surrender, in the manner
provided in Section 3.11, of the Certificate or Certificates that formerly evidenced such
Shares.
(b) The Company shall give Parent
and Purchaser (i) prompt notice of any
demand for appraisal
received by the Company, withdrawals of such demands, and any other instruments
served pursuant to the DGCL and received by the Company and (ii) the opportunity
to direct all negotiations and proceedings with respect to demands for appraisal
under the DGCL. The Company shall not, except with the prior written consent of
Parent, make any payment with respect to any demands for appraisal or offer to
settle or settle any such demands.
SECTION
3.11 Surrender of
Shares; Stock Transfer Books.
(a) Prior to the Effective Time, Purchaser
shall designate a bank or trust company reasonably acceptable to the Company to
act as agent (the “Paying
Agent”) for the holders of Shares and Company
Stock Options to receive the funds to which holders of Shares and Company Stock
Options shall become entitled pursuant to Section 3.06(a) and Section 3.07,
respectively. Such funds shall be invested by the Paying Agent as directed by
the Surviving Corporation; provided, that such investments shall be in
obligations of or guaranteed by the United States of America or of any agency
thereof and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States of America,
in commercial paper obligations rated A-1 or P-1 or better by Xxxxx’x Investors
Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s Corporation, respectively, or in deposit
accounts, certificates of deposit or banker’s acceptances of, repurchase or
reverse repurchase agreements with, or Eurodollar time deposits purchased from,
commercial banks with capital, surplus and undivided profits aggregating in
excess of $500 million (based on the most recent financial statements of such
bank which are then publicly available at the SEC or
otherwise).
(b) Promptly after the Effective Time, the
Surviving Corporation shall cause to be mailed to each person who was, at the
Effective Time, a holder of record of Shares entitled to receive the Merger
Consideration pursuant to Section 3.06(a) a form of letter of transmittal (which
shall specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the
certificates evidencing such Shares (the “Certificates”) shall pass, only upon proper delivery
of the Certificates to the Paying Agent) and instructions for use in effecting
the surrender of the Certificates pursuant to such letter of transmittal. Upon
surrender to the Paying Agent of a Certificate, together with such letter of
transmittal, duly completed and validly executed in accordance with the
instructions thereto, and such other documents as may be required pursuant to
such instructions, the holder of such Certificate shall be entitled to receive
in exchange therefor the Merger Consideration for each Share formerly evidenced
by such Certificate, and such Certificate shall then be canceled. No interest
shall accrue or be paid on the Merger Consideration payable upon the surrender
of any Certificate for the benefit of the holder of such Certificate. If the
payment equal to the Merger Consideration is to be made to a person other than
the person in whose name the surrendered certificate formerly evidencing Shares
is registered on the stock transfer books of the Company, it shall be a
condition of payment that the certificate so surrendered shall be endorsed
properly or otherwise be in proper form for transfer and that the person
requesting such payment shall have paid all transfer and other taxes required by
reason of
11
the payment of the Merger Consideration
to a person other than the registered holder of the certificate surrendered, or
shall have established to the satisfaction of the Surviving Corporation that
such taxes either have been paid or are not applicable. If any holder of Shares
is unable to surrender such holder’s Certificates because such Certificates have
been lost, mutilated or destroyed, such holder may deliver in lieu thereof an
affidavit and indemnity bond in form and substance and with surety reasonably
satisfactory to the Surviving Corporation. Each of Parent, Purchaser, the
Surviving Corporation and the Paying Agent shall be entitled to deduct and
withhold from any amounts otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement in
respect of Shares such amount as it is required to deduct and withhold with
respect to the making of such payment under the Code or any Law. To the extent
that amounts are so withheld, such withheld amounts shall be treated for
purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the Shares in
respect of which such deduction and withholding was made.
(c) At any time following the ninth
(9th) month after the Effective Time, the
Surviving Corporation shall be entitled to require the Paying Agent to deliver
to it any funds which had been made available to the Paying Agent and not
disbursed to holders of Shares (including, without limitation, all interest and
other income received by the Paying Agent in respect of all funds made available
to it), and, thereafter, such holders shall be entitled to look to the Surviving
Corporation (subject to abandoned property, escheat and other similar laws) only
as general creditors thereof with respect to any Merger Consideration that may
be payable upon due surrender of the Certificates held by them. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, neither the Surviving Corporation nor the Paying Agent shall be
liable to any holder of a Share for any Merger Consideration delivered in
respect of such Share to a public official pursuant to any abandoned property,
escheat or other similar law.
(d) At the close of business on the day of
the Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the Company shall be closed and
thereafter there shall be no further registration of transfers of Shares on the
records of the Company. From and after the Effective Time, the holders of Shares
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall cease to have any
rights with respect to such Shares except as otherwise provided herein or by
applicable Law.
(e) All amounts payable by the Surviving
Company in respect of Option Payments and Restricted Stock Unit Payments shall
be paid as provided in Sections 3.07 and 3.08, respectively,
above.
ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
Except
(A) as set forth in the Disclosure Schedule that has been prepared by the
Company and delivered by the Company to Parent and Purchaser in connection with
the execution and delivery of this Agreement (the “Disclosure Schedule”)
(which Disclosure Schedule shall be arranged in sections corresponding to the
numbered and lettered sections of this Article IV, and any information disclosed
in any such section of the Disclosure Schedule shall be deemed to be disclosed
only for purposes of the corresponding section of this Article IV, unless it is
readily apparent that the disclosure contained in such section of the Disclosure
Schedule contains enough information regarding the subject matter of other
representations and warranties contained in this Article IV as to clearly
qualify or otherwise clearly apply to such
12
other
representations and warranties) or (B) as disclosed in the SEC Reports (as
defined below) filed after January 1, 2007 and prior to the date of this
Agreement, other than any disclosure set forth in (x) any document incorporated
by reference in any such SEC Report and (y) any “risk factors” section or in any
section relating to “forward looking” statements, in each case of such SEC
Report, except to the extent that the applicability of such disclosure to a
section is readily apparent from such disclosure, the Company hereby represents
and warrants to Parent and Purchaser that:
SECTION
4.01 Organization
and Qualification; Subsidiaries.
(a) Each of the Company and each subsidiary
of the Company (each a “Subsidiary”) is an entity duly incorporated, organized, validly existing and in good
standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its
incorporation or
organization and has the
requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties
and assets and to carry on its business as it is now
being conducted, except where the failure to be so organized, existing or in
good standing or to have such power and authority would not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect. The Company and each Subsidiary is duly qualified or licensed as
a foreign entity to do business, and is in good standing, in each jurisdiction
where the character of the properties and assets owned, leased or operated by it or the
nature of its business makes such qualification or licensing necessary, except
for such failures to be so qualified, licensed or in good standing that would
not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect.
(b) A true, correct and complete list of each
Subsidiary, together with
the jurisdiction of incorporation of each Subsidiary and the percentage of the
outstanding capital stock of each Subsidiary owned by the Company and each
other Subsidiary, is set forth in Section 4.01(b) of the Disclosure Schedule. Except
as disclosed in Section 4.01(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company does not directly or indirectly
own any equity or similar interest in, or any interest convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for any equity or similar interest in, any
corporation, partnership, joint venture or other business association or
entity.
SECTION
4.02 Certificate
of Incorporation and By-laws.
The Company has heretofore made available to Parent a true, complete and correct
copy of the Certificate of Incorporation and the By-laws or equivalent
organizational documents, each as amended to date, of the Company and each
Subsidiary. Such Certificates of Incorporation, By-laws or equivalent
organizational documents are in full force and effect. Neither the Company nor
any Subsidiary is in violation of any of the provisions of its Certificate of
Incorporation, By-laws or equivalent organizational documents, except, in the
case of any Subsidiary, for violations that would not have a Material Adverse
Effect.
SECTION
4.03 Capitalization.
(a) The authorized capital stock of the
Company consists of 50,000,000 Shares. As of May 1, 2008, (i) 18,808,528 Shares were issued and outstanding, all of which
are duly
authorized, validly issued,
fully paid and nonassessable, (ii) no Shares are held in the treasury of the
Company, and (iii) 3,790,844 Shares are reserved for future issuance
pursuant to
13
Company Stock Options or stock incentive rights granted
pursuant to the Company Stock Option Plans. Except as set forth in this Section
4.03, there are no options, warrants or other rights, agreements, arrangements
or commitments of any character relating to the issued or unissued capital stock
of the Company or any Subsidiary or obligating the Company or
any Subsidiary to
issue, deliver or sell any shares of capital stock of,
or other equity interests in, the Company or any Subsidiary. All Shares subject to
issuance as aforesaid, upon issuance on the terms and conditions specified in
the instruments pursuant to which they are issuable, will be duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. There are no material outstanding
contractual obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary to repurchase, redeem or
otherwise acquire any Shares or any capital stock of any Subsidiary or to provide funds to, or
make any investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or otherwise)
in, any Subsidiary or any
other person.
(b) Each outstanding share of capital stock
of, or other equity interest in, each Subsidiary is duly authorized, validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and each such share, or other equity
interest in, is owned by the Company or another Subsidiary free and clear of all
security interests, liens, claims, pledges, options, rights of first refusal,
agreements, limitations on the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s voting rights,
charges and other encumbrances of any nature whatsoever.
(c) The Company has delivered to Parent a
correct and complete list as of the date set forth in Section 4.03(c) of the
Disclosure Schedule of each option and restricted stock unit outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time (whether or not then vested or
exercisable) to purchase Shares issued under any Company Stock Option Plan,
which list includes the holder, date of grant, exercise price (if applicable),
number of Shares subject thereto, the Company Stock Option Plan under which such
option or restricted stock unit, as applicable, was granted and, with respect to
any option, whether the option is vested and exercisable and with respect to any
restricted stock unit, whether the restricted stock unit is
vested.
SECTION
4.04 Relative to
This Agreement Authority.
(a) The Company has all necessary corporate
power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, to perform its
obligations hereunder and to consummate the Transactions. The
execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company and the
consummation by the Company of the Transactions have been duly and validly
authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company, and no
other corporate proceedings on the part of the Company are necessary to
authorize this Agreement or to consummate the Transactions (other than, with
respect to the Merger, the adoption of this Agreement by the holders of a
majority of the then-outstanding Shares, if and to the extent required by
applicable Law, and the filing and recordation of the Certificate of Merger and
other documents as required by the DGCL). This Agreement has been duly and
validly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming the due
authorization, execution and delivery by Parent and Purchaser, constitutes a
legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the
Company in accordance with its terms, subject to the effect of any applicable
bankruptcy, insolvency (including, without limitation, all laws relating to
fraudulent transfers), reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting
creditors’ rights generally and subject to the
14
effect of general principles of equity
(regardless of whether considered in a proceeding at law or in
equity).
(b) Assuming the accuracy of the
representations set forth in Section 5.06, the Company has taken all appropriate
actions so that the restrictions on business combinations contained in each
“fair price”, “moratorium”, “control share acquisition”, “business combination”
or other similar anti-takeover statute or regulation enacted under Delaware law
applicable to the Company (the “Anti-takeover
Laws”), including without
limitation Section 203 of the DGCL, will not apply with respect to or as a
result of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the
Merger, without any further action on the part of the stockholders of the
Company or the Board. True, correct and complete copies of all resolutions of
the Board reflecting such actions have been previously provided to Parent. Other
than Section 203 of the DGCL, no Anti-takeover Law is applicable to, or purports
to be applicable to, the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.
(c) The Board, at a meeting duly called and
held and at which all directors were present, has (i) unanimously approved and
declared advisable this Agreement, including the Merger and the Transactions
contemplated hereby, (ii) determined that this Agreement and the Transactions
contemplated hereby are fair to, and in the best interests of, the holders of
Shares, and (ii) approved the making of the Offer and resolved to recommend that
stockholders of the Company adopt this Agreement and that such matter be
submitted for consideration at the Stockholders’ Meeting.
(d) The Board has duly and validly approved
and taken all corporate action required to be taken by the Board to grant the
Top-Up Option and to issue the Top-Up Option Shares upon the exercise thereof.
True, correct and complete copies of all resolutions of the Board reflecting
such actions have been previously provided to Parent. Assuming that the
authorizations, consents and approvals referred to in Section 4.05(b) and the
filings referred to in Section 4.05(b) are timely made, none of the grant of the
Top-Up Option by the Company, the exercise thereof by Parent and Purchaser or
the issuance and sale of the Top-Up Option Shares to Parent and Purchaser in
respect of such exercise, in each case, subject to and in accordance with
Section 2.03, will conflict with, or result in a violation or breach of, any
provision of applicable Laws or any judgment, injunction, order or decree of any
Governmental Authority, or require any action, consent, approval, authorization
or permit of, action by, or filing with or notification to, any Governmental
Authority.
(e) A compensation committee or a committee
of the Board that performs functions similar to a compensation committee has
duly and validly approved and taken all corporate action required to be taken by
the Board to (i) defer the annual non-management director option grants, (ii) to
grant the bonuses to non-management directors at the December 2007 Board meeting
in accordance with Rule 14d-10 of the Exchange Act and (iii) except as set forth
in Section 4.04(e) of the Disclosure Schedule, to cause management’s employment
or change in control agreements to comply with Section 409A of the Code. True,
correct and complete copies of all resolutions of the committee reflecting such
actions have been previously provided to Parent.
15
(f) The affirmative vote (in person or
represented by proxy) at the Stockholders’ Meeting, or at any adjournment or
postponement thereof, of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the
holders of outstanding Shares in favor of the adoption of this Agreement, is
(unless the Merger is consummated in accordance with Section 253 of the DGCL as
contemplated by Section 7.01(b)) the only vote or approval of the holders of any
class or series of capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary necessary to
adopt this Agreement.
SECTION
4.05 No Conflict;
Required Filings and Consents.
(a) The execution and delivery of this
Agreement by the Company do not, and the performance of this
Agreement and the
consummation of the Transactions by the Company will not, (i) conflict
with, violate or result in any breach of the Certificate of Incorporation or
By-laws or any equivalent organizational documents of the Company or any
Subsidiary, (ii) assuming that all consents, approvals and other authorizations
described in Section 4.05(b) and the approval of the holders of the
Shares described in Section 4.04(f) have been obtained and that all filings
and other actions described in Section 4.05(b) have been made or taken, conflict
with or violate or result
in any breach of any
federal or state statute, law, regulation, judgment or decree (a “Law”) applicable to the Company or any
Subsidiary or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is
bound or affected, or (iii) result in any breach of or constitute a default (or
an event which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would become a default)
under, or give to others any right of termination, amendment, acceleration or
cancellation of, or result in the creation of a Lien or other encumbrance on any property or
asset of the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to, any note, bond, mortgage,
indenture, contract, agreement, lease, license, permit, franchise or other
instrument or obligation to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by
which the Company or a Subsidiary or any property or asset of the Company or any
Subsidiary is bound or affected, except, with respect to clauses (ii) and (iii),
for any such conflicts, violations, breaches, defaults or other occurrences
which would not,
individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse
Effect.
(b) The execution and delivery of this
Agreement by the Company do not, and the performance of this Agreement by the
Company and consummation of
the Transactions will not,
require any consent, approval, waiver authorization or permit of, or filing
with or notification to, any United States federal, state or foreign government,
regulatory authority, or any court, tribunal or judicial body (a “Governmental
Authority”), except for (i) applicable
requirements, if any, of the Exchange Act, the NASDAQ rules, state securities or “blue sky” laws
(“Blue Sky
Laws”) and state takeover laws, (ii) the
pre-merger notification requirements of the HSR Act, and filings under foreign competition
laws, (iii) the filing and recordation of the Certificate of Merger and other
documents as required by the DGCL, and (iv) where the failure to obtain such
consents, approvals, waivers authorizations or permits, or to make
such filings or notifications, would not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect.
SECTION
4.06 Permits;
Compliance.
Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is in possession of all material
licenses, permits certificates, and approvals of any Governmental Authority
necessary for each of the Company or the Subsidiaries to own, lease and operate
its properties and assets or to carry on its business as it is now being
conducted (the “Permits”). As of the
date of this Agreement, no suspension or cancellation of any of the Permits is
pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened. Neither the Company nor
any Subsidiary is in
16
conflict
with, or in default, breach or violation of, (a) any Law applicable to the
Company or any Subsidiary or by which any property or asset of the Company or
any Subsidiary is bound or affected or (b) any contract, Permit or other
instrument or obligation to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by
which the Company or any Subsidiary or any property or asset of the Company or
any Subsidiary is bound, except for any such conflicts, defaults, breaches or
violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect.
SECTION
4.07 SEC Filings;
Financial Statements.
(a) The Company has timely filed all forms, reports and documents
required to be filed by it with the SEC since December 31, 2005 (the “SEC
Reports”). No Subsidiary is required to file any
report, proxy statement, registration statement, form, schedule or other
document with the SEC. The
SEC Reports (i) were prepared in accordance with either the requirements of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (together with the rules and regulations
thereunder, the
“Securities
Act”), or the Exchange Act, as the case may
be, and (ii) did not, at
the time they were filed, or, if amended, as of the date of such amendment,
contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading.
(b) The Company has devised and maintains a
system of internal accounting controls (within the meaning of Rules 13a-15(f)
and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) sufficient to provide reasonable assurances
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with United States
generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Company (i) has designed
disclosure controls and procedures (within the meaning of Rules 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) to ensure that information material to the
Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, relating to it and any
Subsidiary is made known to the management of the Company by others within the
Company or any Subsidiary as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding
required disclosure and to make the certifications required by the Exchange Act
with respect to the SEC Reports and (ii) has disclosed, based upon the Company’s
most recent evaluation, to its auditors and the audit committee of the Board (1)
any significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls
which could adversely affect in any material respect the Company’s ability to
record, process, summarize and report financial data and have disclosed to its
auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls and (2) any fraud, whether
or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a
significant role in the Company’s internal controls. The Company has provided to
Parent copies of any such disclosure set forth in clause (1) or clause (2) of
the preceding sentence.
(c) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
nor the chief executive officer or the chief financial officer of the Company or
any Subsidiary is aware of, and neither the Board nor the board of directors of
any Subsidiary nor, to the knowledge of the Company, the Company's auditors or
the auditors of any Subsidiary has been advised of (i) any fact, circumstance or
change that is reasonably likely to result in a "significant deficiency" or a
"material weakness" (each as defined in Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board Auditing Standard 2) in the Company's internal controls over its
consolidated financial reporting or (ii)
17
any fraud, whether or not material, that
involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the
Company's internal controls over its consolidated financial
reporting.
(d) The Company and each of its officers and
directors are in compliance with, and has complied with, in each case in all
material respects, the provisions of the Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxx Act of 2002 and the
rules and regulations promulgated under such act and the Exchange Act
(collectively, “Sarbanes
Oxley”) and the rules and
regulations of the NASDAQ that are applicable to the Company. The Company’s
auditors and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have given all
certifications, attestations and reports required pursuant to the rules and
regulations adopted pursuant to Section 404 of the
Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxx.
SECTION
4.08
Financial
Statements; No Undisclosed Liabilities.
(a) The audited consolidated financial
statements of the Company (including any related notes thereto) included in the
SEC Reports complied, as of their respective dates, with applicable accounting
requirements, were prepared in accordance with GAAP as in effect on the dates of
such financial statements, applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods
involved (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto), and fairly present
in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and
the Subsidiaries at the respective dates thereof and the consolidated statements
of operations and cash flows for the periods indicated therein. The unaudited
consolidated financial statements of the Company (including any related notes
thereto) for all interim periods included in the SEC Reports complied, as of
their respective dates, with applicable accounting requirements, have been
prepared in accordance with GAAP as in effect on the dates of such financial
statements, applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved
(except as may be indicated in the notes thereto), and fairly present in all
material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and the
Subsidiaries at of the respective dates thereof and the consolidated statements
of operations and cash flows for the periods indicated therein (subject to
normal period-end adjustments).
(b) Except (i) as set forth, reflected or
reserved against in the consolidated balance sheet (including the notes thereto)
of the Company included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the 2007 calendar year,
as amended, (the “Company 2007
Form 10-K”) or (ii) for
liabilities and obligations incurred since December 31, 2007 in the ordinary
course of business consistent with past practice, neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary has any liabilities or obligations of any nature (whether known or
unknown, accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise and whether due or to become
due) except for such liabilities and obligations which would not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Company and
the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
SECTION
4.09
Absence of
Certain Changes or Events.
Since December 31, 2007, except as contemplated by this Agreement, (a) the
Company and the Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses in the
ordinary course consistent with past practice, (b) since such date there has not
been any change, event, fact, occurrence, effect or development (including the
incurrence of liabilities of any nature) which, (i) individually or in the
aggregate, has had or would have a Material Adverse Effect or (ii) would,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to prevent or
materially delay the performance of this Agreement by the Company
18
or
the consummation of the Transactions, and (c) none of the Company or any
Subsidiary has taken any action that, if taken after the date of this Agreement,
would require the consent of Parent under Section 6.01.
SECTION
4.10 Absence of
Litigation.
Section 4.10 of the Disclosure Schedule, sets forth any litigation, action or
proceeding (an “Action”) pending or,
to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company or any
Subsidiary, any employee benefit plan, any present or former officer or director
of the Company or any Subsidiary in their respective capacities as such, or any
property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary, before any Governmental
Authority. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor any property or asset of
the Company or any Subsidiary is subject to any continuing order of, or consent
decree, settlement agreement or similar written agreement with, any Governmental
Authority, or any order, judgment, injunction or decree of any Governmental
Authority. No investigation or inquiry by any Governmental Authority with
respect to the Company or any Subsidiary is pending or, to the knowledge of the
Company, threatened, in each case with respect to any alleged or claimed
violation of Law applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary, or by which any
property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or
affected.
SECTION
4.11 Employee
Benefit Plans.
(a) Section 4.11(a)(i) of the Disclosure Schedule lists
(i) all employee benefit plans (as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”)) and all bonus, stock option, stock
purchase, restricted stock, incentive, deferred compensation, retiree medical or
life insurance, supplemental retirement, severance or other benefit plans,
programs or arrangements, and all employment, termination, severance or other
contracts or agreements to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party, with
respect to which the Company or any Subsidiary has any obligation or which are
maintained, contributed to or sponsored by the Company or any Subsidiary for the
benefit of any current or
former employee, officer or
director of the Company or any Subsidiary, (ii) each employee benefit plan for
which the Company or any Subsidiary could incur liability under Section 4069 of
ERISA in the event such plan has been or were to be terminated, (iii) any plan
in respect of which the Company or any Subsidiary could incur liability under
Section 4212(c) of ERISA, and (iv) any contracts, arrangements or understandings
between the Company or any Subsidiary and any current or former employee of the Company or any
Subsidiary, including, without limitation, any contracts, arrangements or
understandings relating to a sale of or similar transaction involving
the Company or any
Subsidiary (collectively, the “Plans”). Except as set forth on Section
4.11(a)(ii) of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company has provided or made available to Parent a true and
complete copy (or if such
Plan is not contained in a written document, a description thereof) of (A) such Plans, including all amendments thereto, and
(B) the most recent
summary plan description
for each Plan, if any, (C) the two most recent annual reports (Form 5500) filed with the Internal
Revenue Service (the
“IRS”), if any, (D) the most recently received IRS
determination letter, if any, relating to a Plan, and (E) the most recently prepared actuarial
report or financial statement, if any, relating to a Plan. All items listed on
Section 4.11(a)(ii) of the Disclosure Schedule will be provided or made
available to Parent as soon as reasonably practicable following the date
hereof.
19
(b)
Each Plan has been operated in all
material respects in accordance with its terms and the requirements of all
applicable Laws, including, without limitation, ERISA and the Code. No Action is pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened with respect to any Plan (other than claims
for benefits in the ordinary course) that would be expended to result in a material
liability.
(c) Each Plan that is intended to be
qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code or Section 401(k) of the Code has
received a favorable determination letter from the IRS and each trust
established in connection with any Plan which is intended to be exempt from
federal income taxation under Section 501(a) of the Code has received a
determination letter from the IRS that it is so exempt, and no fact or event has
occurred since the date of such determination letter or letters from the IRS to
adversely affect the qualified status of any such Plan or the exempt status of
any such trust.
(d) Except as set forth in Section 4.11(d)
of the Disclosure Schedule, neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement
nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (either alone or in
conjunction with any other event) will (i) result in any payment (including,
without limitation, severance, unemployment compensation, “excess parachute
payment” (within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code), forgiveness of
indebtedness or otherwise) becoming due to any director or any employee of the
Company or any Subsidiary from the Company or any Subsidiary under any Plan or
otherwise, (ii) increase any benefits otherwise payable under any Plan, (iii)
result in any acceleration of the time of payment or vesting of any such
benefits, except as specifically contemplated herein, or (iv) require the
funding of any such benefits.
(e) The Company has no plan or commitment,
whether legally binding or otherwise, to create any additional Plan or to modify
or change any existing Plan, except as may be required by applicable
Law, including Section 409A
of the Code.
(f) No Plan is subject to Title IV of ERISA.
Neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate made, or was required to make,
contributions to any plan subject to Title IV of ERISA during the five (5) year
period ending on the last day of the most recent plan year ended prior to the
Effective Time. No liability under Title IV or Section 302 of ERISA has been
incurred by the Company or an ERISA Affiliate that has not been satisfied in
full, and no condition exists that presents a risk of such liability. No Plan is
a “multiemployer plan” (as such term is defined in section 3(37) of
ERISA).
(g) No employee, director or consultant of
the Company or any Subsidiary is or will become entitled to post-employment
benefits by reason of service to the Company or the Subsidiaries, other than
coverage mandated by applicable Law or contracts or plans as set forth in
Section 4.11(g) of the Disclosure Schedule.
(h) None of the Plans restrict the ability
of the Company or the Subsidiaries to amend or terminate such Plan, except as set forth therein or as
required by Law.
(i) To the extent applicable, all amounts
paid by the Company or any Subsidiary to any of their respective “covered
employees” (as such term is defined in Section
20
162(m) of the Code) have been deducted
by the Company or the Subsidiaries, as applicable, in accordance with the
provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code.
(j) Each Plan that is a “nonqualified
deferred compensation plan” (as defined in Section 409A(d)(1) of the Code) has
been operated and administered in good faith compliance with Section 409A of the
Code and the regulations and other authoritative guidance
thereunder.
(k) Each Plan that is maintained pursuant
the Laws of a country other than the United States is in material compliance
with all such applicable Laws, including relevant Laws with respect to Taxes and
the requirements of any trust deed under which such Plan is
established.
SECTION
4.12 Labor
Matters.
(a) There are no material controversies pending or, to the knowledge of the
Company, threatened between the Company or any Subsidiary and any of their
respective employees; (b) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is a party to
any collective bargaining agreement or other labor union contract applicable to
persons employed by the Company or any Subsidiary, nor, to the knowledge of the
Company, are there any activities or proceedings of any labor union to organize
any such employees; and (c) there is no strike, slowdown, work stoppage or
lockout by or with respect to any employees of the Company or any
Subsidiary.
SECTION
4.13 Offer
Documents; Schedule 14D-9; Proxy Statement.
Neither the Schedule 14D-9 nor any information supplied by the Company for
inclusion in the Offer Documents shall, at the times the Schedule 14D-9, the
Offer Documents or any amendments or supplements thereto are filed with the SEC
or are first published, sent or given to stockholders of the Company, as the
case may be, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading. Neither the proxy statement to be sent to the stockholders
of the Company in connection with the Stockholders’ Meeting (as defined in
Section 7.01) nor the information statement to be sent to such stockholders, as
appropriate (such proxy statement or information statement, as amended or
supplemented, being referred to herein as the “Proxy Statement”),
shall, at the date the Proxy Statement is first mailed to stockholders of the
Company or at the time of the Stockholders’ Meeting, contain any statement
which, at the time and in light of the circumstances under which it was made, is
false or misleading with respect to any material fact, or which omits to state
any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not false or
misleading or necessary to correct any statement in any earlier communication
with respect to the solicitation of proxies for the Stockholders’ Meeting which
shall have become false or misleading. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any information
supplied by Parent, Purchaser or any of Parent’s or Purchaser’s representatives
for inclusion in the foregoing documents. The Schedule 14D-9, the Offer
Documents and the Proxy Statement shall comply in all material respects as to
form with the requirements of the Exchange Act.
21
SECTION
4.14 Property and
Leases.
(a) The Company and the Subsidiaries have
good and valid title to all
their personal properties and assets reflected on the Company’s audited balance
sheet (including in any related notes thereto) and included in the Company Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 or acquired after December 31, 2007
(other than assets disposed of since December 31, 2007 in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practice), (the “Personal
Property”) to conduct their respective businesses
as currently conducted or as contemplated to be conducted. The Personal Property comprises all of
the personal property and assets necessary to carry on the Company’s and each
Subsidiary’s respective business, as currently conducted and consistent with
past practice. All Personal Property is in good condition and in a state of good
maintenance and repair (ordinary wear and tear excepted) and are suitable for
the use to which they are presently put.
(b) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
(i) owns or has any ownership interest in any real property or (ii) is obligated
under, or a party to, any contract to purchase any real property, including,
without limitation, any Leased Property (as defined below).
(c) Section 4.14(c) of the Disclosure Schedule
sets forth a true, correct
and complete list of (i) all real property leased, subleased, licensed or
otherwise used or occupied by the Company or any Subsidiary’s (the “Leased
Property”), which list
includes the name of the entity leasing such property, the legal address and the
use thereof, and (ii) each lease, sublease, license or other agreement granting
to any person or group of persons, other than Company and its affiliates, a
right to the use, occupancy or enjoyment of any Leased Property or any portion
thereof (the “Company
Subleases”). The Company or
a Subsidiary has a good and valid leasehold or other interest in the Leased
Property, free and clear of any Liens other than Permitted Liens. The Leased
Property is neither subject
to any governmental decree or order to be sold nor is being condemned,
expropriated or otherwise taken by any public authority, with or without payment of adequate compensation therefor, nor, to the
knowledge of the Company, has any such condemnation, expropriation or taking
been proposed in writing to the Company or any Subsidiary. The Company has made available to Parent
correct and complete copies of all leases, subleases, licenses and other
agreements (including all amendments, modifications, supplements, and extensions
thereof) granting rights of use, occupancy or enjoyment to the Company and/or
any Subsidiary with respect to the Leased Property (the “Company
Leases” and together with
the Company Subleases, the “Leases”) and copies of all Company Subleases
(including all amendments, modifications, supplements, and extensions
thereof).
(d) Each Lease is a valid and binding
obligation of the Company (or, if a Subsidiary is a party, such Subsidiary) and
is in full force and effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary (i) is in
default under any Lease nor does any condition exist that, with the passage of
time or the giving of notice, would cause such a default under such Lease, or
(ii) has received written notice of any cancellation or termination of any
Lease. Except as covered by adequate insurance, there is no material physical
damage caused by any casualty to any Leased Property. The Leased Property
comprises all of the real property necessary to carry on the Company’s and each
Subsidiary’s respective business as currently conducted and consistent with past
practice. The Leased Property and the buildings, fixtures and improvements
located thereon
22
are in good operating condition and
repair (subject to normal wear and tear), and suitable for the use to which they
are presently put.
SECTION
4.15 Intellectual
Property.
(a) Section 4.15(a) of the Disclosure
Schedule sets forth a true, correct, and complete list of all U.S. and foreign
applications and registrations for any patents, trademarks, service marks,
copyrights, and domain names owned by the Company or any Subsidiary. The Company
or a Subsidiary is the sole and exclusive beneficial and record owner of all of
the Intellectual Property items set forth in Section 4.15(a) of the Disclosure
Schedule, all such Intellectual Property is subsisting, no claim has been made
by any third party in writing to the Company or a Subsidiary challenging the
validity or enforceability of such Intellectual Property and, to the knowledge
of the Company, there is no valid basis for such a claim.
(b) Section 4.15(b) of the Disclosure
Schedule sets forth a true, correct, and complete list of all contracts in
effect to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or to which the Company
or any Subsidiary is bound as of the date of this Agreement (i) granting or
obtaining any right to use any material Intellectual Property (other than
contracts granting rights to use commercially available computer software having
an acquisition price of less than $250,000 in the aggregate for any contract or
group of related contracts), (ii) permitting any person (other than the
Company’s or a Subsidiary’s counsel on behalf and in the name of such Company or
Subsidiary) to register any material Intellectual Property owned or purported to
be owned by the Company or any Subsidiary, or settlement, coexistence,
non-assertion or covenant not to xxx agreements in each case restricting the
Company’s or a Subsidiary’s rights to use or register material Intellectual
Property, or (iii) requiring Parent to license or make available its or its
affiliates’ owned material Intellectual Property to any other person as a result
of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the Merger
(collectively, the “IP
Contracts”), provided, that the term IP Contracts and the
requirements of (i) above shall not include (a) purchaser orders or sales
contracts issued by or entered into by the Company in the ordinary course of
business, or (b) non-exclusive license agreements entered into by the Company in
the ordinary course of business, if and to the extent that the contracts in the
foregoing clauses (a) and (b) either are not material or otherwise are disclosed
in Section 4.19(a) of the Disclosure Schedule.
(c) Except as would not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect,
(i) to the knowledge of the
Company, the conduct of the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries as
currently conducted does not infringe the Intellectual Property rights of any
third party and there is no
such claim pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against any
of the Company or the Subsidiaries, (ii) to the knowledge of the Company, no
person is infringing or otherwise violating any Intellectual Property owned by
or exclusively licensed to the Company or the Subsidiaries, and no such claims
are pending or threatened against any person by any of the Company or the
Subsidiaries, (iii) with
respect to Intellectual Property owned by, licensed to or used by the Company or a
Subsidiary, to the
Company's knowledge, such Company or Subsidiary has the right to use such
Intellectual Property in the operation of its business as currently conducted,
(iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have
taken reasonable steps in accordance with normal industry practice to maintain
the confidentiality of their trade secrets and other Intellectual
Property, (v) the Company
and the
23
Subsidiaries have obtained valid and
effective assignments, by Law or contract, from their employees and independent
contractors, of any rights in material Intellectual Property that such employees
and independent contractors have created or developed for the Company or the
Subsidiaries, and (vi) no current or former partner, director, stockholder,
officer, or employee of the Company or the Subsidiaries will, after giving
effect to or by reason of the transactions contemplated hereby, own or retain
any rights to use any material Intellectual Property rights owned, used, or held
for use by the Company or the Subsidiaries in the conduct of their
business.
(d) With respect to the use of computer
software by the Company or any Subsidiary or in the business of the Company or
any Subsidiary as it is currently conducted, (i) no material capital
expenditures are necessary with respect to such use other than capital
expenditures in the ordinary course of business that are consistent with past
practice, (ii) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has experienced in the
past two (2) years any material defects in such computer software, including any
material error or omission in the processing of any transactions, other than
defects that have been or are being corrected, (iii) to the knowledge of the
Company, no such computer software (x) contains any device or feature designed
to materially disrupt, disable, or otherwise impair the functioning of any such
computer software or (y) is subject to the terms of any “open source” or other
similar license that provides for the source code of the computer software to be
publicly distributed or dedicated to the public, (iv) to the knowledge of the
Company, there have been no material security breaches in the Company’s or any
Subsidiary’s information technology systems in the past two (2) years, and (v)
there have been no disruptions in the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s information
technology systems in the past two (2) years that materially adversely affected
the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s business or operations.
(e) The Company and the Subsidiaries have at
all times complied in all material respects with all applicable Laws, as well as
their own rules, policies, and procedures relating to privacy, data protection,
and the collection and use of personal information collected, used, or held for
use by the Company and the Subsidiaries in the conduct of their business. No
material claims have been asserted or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary alleging a violation of any
person’s privacy or personal information or data rights, and the consummation of
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not materially breach or
otherwise cause any material violation of any rule, policy, or procedure of the
Company or any Subsidiary, related to privacy, data protection, or the
collection and use of such personal information collected, used, or held for use
by the Company and the Subsidiaries in the conduct of their business. To the
knowledge of the Company, there has been no material unauthorized access, use,
modification, or other misuse of such personal information.
SECTION
4.16 Taxes.
(a) The Company and each Subsidiary has
timely filed (or there has been filed on its behalf) all Tax Returns it is
required to have filed (giving effect to all extensions). All Tax Returns filed
by or on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary are accurate, complete and
correct in all material respects;
(b) The Company and each Subsidiary has
timely paid all Taxes that have become due or payable (other than
Taxes being contested in
good faith and for which
adequate
24
reserves have been established in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) and has adequately
reserved for, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, all
Taxes (whether or not shown on any Tax Return) that have accrued but are not yet
due or payable;
(c) No federal, state, local or foreign
audits, examinations or other administrative court proceedings have been
commenced or, to the Company’s knowledge, are threatened with regard to any
Taxes or Tax Returns of the Company or any Subsidiary. No written notification
has been received by the Company or any Subsidiary that such an audit,
examination or other proceeding is pending or threatened with respect to any
Taxes due from or with respect to or attributable to the Company or any
Subsidiary or any Tax Return filed by or with respect to the Company or any
Subsidiary;
(d) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
has requested an extension of time within which to file any Tax Return in
respect of a taxable year which has not since been filed and no outstanding
waivers or comparable consents regarding the application of the statute of
limitations with respect to Taxes or Tax Returns has been given by or on behalf
of the Company or any Subsidiary;
(e) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
is a party to any tax indemnity agreement, tax sharing agreement, or other
agreement under which it reasonably expects to become liable to another person
as a result of the imposition of a Tax upon any person, or the assessment or
collection of such a Tax;
(f) Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries
has complied in all material respects with all applicable Laws, rules and
regulations relating to the withholding of Taxes and has, within the time and
the manner prescribed by Law, withheld and paid over the proper Governmental
Authorities all material amounts required to be so withheld and paid
over;
(g) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
is a party to any agreement, plan, contract or arrangement that could result,
separately or in the aggregate, in a payment of (i) any “excess parachute
payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code or (ii) any amount that
would not be deductible under Section 162(m) of the Code;
(h) The Company is not and has not been a
United States real property holding company within the meaning of Section
897(c)(2) of the Code;
(i) There are no liens for Taxes upon the
assets of the Company or any Subsidiary except liens for Taxes not yet due and
payable;
(j) No jurisdiction where the Company or any
of the Subsidiaries does not file a Tax Return has made a claim that the Company
or any of the Subsidiaries is required to file a Tax Return for such
jurisdiction; and
(k) None of the Company or any of the
Subsidiaries (i) has filed any disclosures under Section 6662 of the Code or
comparable provisions of state, local or foreign Law to prevent the imposition
of penalties with respect to any Tax reporting position taken on any Tax Return;
(ii) has consummated or participated in, and is not currently participating in,
any
25
transaction that was or is a “Tax
shelter” transaction as defined in Sections 6662 or 6111 of the Code or the
Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder and has participated in, or is
currently participating in, a “listed transaction” or a “reportable transaction”
within the meaning of Section 6707A(c) of the Code or Treasury Regulation
Section 1.6011-4(b), or any transaction requiring disclosure under a
corresponding or similar provision of state, local, or foreign Law; (iii) has
been a member of a consolidated, combined, unitary or aggregate group other than
the group of which the Company is the common parent (or the equivalent thereof
under comparable provisions of state, local, or foreign Tax law) (“Common
Parent”); or (iv) has been
at any time a member of any partnership or joint venture or the holder of a
beneficial interest in any trust for any period for which the statute of
limitations for any Tax has not expired.
SECTION
4.17 Environmental
Matters.
(a) None of the Company or any Subsidiary has been or is in violation in any
material respect of any Environmental Law; (b) none of the properties currently
owned, leased or operated by the Company or any Subsidiary, or, to the knowledge
of the Company, owned, leased or operated, are contaminated with any Hazardous
Substance; (c) the Company and the Subsidiaries (1) have all Permits, licenses
and other authorizations required under any Environmental Law and the Company
and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with such Permits, licenses and other
authorizations, (2) to the knowledge of the Company, there have been no
proceedings or notices to suspend, revoke, or terminate such Permits, licenses
or other authorizations, and (3) the Company and the Subsidiaries have applied
for a renewal of any such Permits, licenses, or authorizations that have expired
or about to expire in a timely fashion in accordance with applicable
Environmental Law; (d) to the Company’s knowledge, neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary has arranged for the treatment, storage or disposal of any Hazardous
Substances to or at any off-site location that would be reasonably expected to
form the basis of a material claim against the Company or any Subsidiary; (e) to
the Company’s knowledge, there are no pending investigations or requests for
information with respect to the Company’s compliance with or liability pursuant
to applicable Environmental Law that could reasonably be expected to result in a
claim against the Company or any Subsidiary; and (f) the Company has made
available to Parent complete copies of any material reports, studies, analyses,
tests or monitoring in the possession, custody or control of the Company, or any
material correspondence with Governmental Authorities or other persons, relating
to compliance with applicable Environmental Law, liability pursuant to
applicable Environmental Law, or the environmental condition of any properties
currently or formerly owned, leased or operated by the Company or any
Subsidiary.
SECTION
4.18 No Rights
Agreement.
The Company has not adopted any stockholders’ rights plan or comparable
arrangement.
SECTION
4.19 Material
Contracts.
(a) Except as set forth in Section 4.19(a)
of the Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is a party to
or bound by any “material contracts” (as such term is defined in Item 601(b)(10)
of Regulation S-K of the SEC) or “definitive material agreement” (as such term
is defined in Item 1.01 of Form 8-K of the SEC). Section 4.19(a) of the
Disclosure Schedule lists the following contracts (such Contracts, along with
the “material contracts” and “definitive material agreements” referred to in the
preceding sentence, and the IP Contracts, collectively, the “Material
Contracts”):
26
(i) Contracts which restrict or limit the
conduct of or competition in any line of business by the Company, any Subsidiary
or any of the Company’s current or future affiliates, or the geographic area in
which the Company, any Subsidiary or any of the Company’s current or future
affiliates may conduct business, in each case in any material
respect;
(ii) Contracts which grant any right of first
refusal, right of first offer or similar right or that limit or purports to
limit the ability of the Company or any Subsidiary to sell, transfer, pledge or
otherwise dispose of any material amount of assets or
business;
(iii) Contracts which would prevent,
materially delay or impede the consummation of, or otherwise reduce the benefits
of, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the
Merger;
(iv) Contracts with respect to a joint
venture, partnership, limited liability or other similar agreement or
arrangement, and those which relate to the formation, creation, operation,
management or control of any partnership or joint venture that is material to
the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a
whole;
(v)
Contracts which were entered into
after December 31, 2007, and involve the acquisition from another person or
disposition to another person, directly or indirectly (by merger, license or
otherwise), of assets or capital stock or other equity interests of another
person for aggregate consideration under such contract (or series of related
contracts) in excess of $1 million (other than acquisitions or dispositions of
inventory in the ordinary course of business);
(vi) any contract (or series of related
contracts) with any agency or department of the United States federal government
or any state or local government for the purchase of goods and/or services from
the Company or any Subsidiary which would reasonably be expected to result in
payments to the Company or any Subsidiary in excess of $1
million;
(vii) Contracts which relate to an
acquisition, divestiture, merger, license or similar transaction and contain
representations, covenants, indemnities or other obligations (including
indemnification, “earn-out” or other contingent obligations), that are still in
effect and, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to
result in payments by the Company or any Subsidiary;
(viii) Contracts which relate to any guarantee
or assumption of other obligations of any third party or reimbursement of any
maker of a letter of credit, except for agreements entered into in the ordinary
course of business consistent with past practice which agreements relate to
obligations which do not exceed $1 million in the aggregate for all such
agreements;
(ix) Contracts which prohibit the payment of
dividends or distributions in respect of the capital stock of the Company or any
of its wholly-owned Subsidiaries, prohibit the pledging of the capital stock of
the Company or any wholly-owned Subsidiary or prohibit the issuance of
guarantees by any wholly-owned Subsidiary; or
27
(x) Contracts which would reasonably be
expected to involve aggregate payments to or by the Company or any Subsidiary of
more than $1 million over the term of such contract.
(b) Section 4.19(b) of the Disclosure
Schedule sets forth (i) a list of all agreements, instruments and other
obligations pursuant to which any indebtedness for borrowed money or capitalized
lease obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary in an aggregate principal
amount in excess of $250,000 is outstanding or may be incurred or other contract
of which the Company is obligated to provide funds in respect of, or to
guarantee or assume, any debt of any third party in excess of $250,000 and (ii)
the respective principal amounts outstanding thereunder as of the date of this
Agreement.
Each
Material Contract is a valid and binding obligation of the Company (or, if a
Subsidiary is a party, such Subsidiary) and, to the knowledge of Company, each
other party thereto, and is in full force and effect, and the Company and each
Subsidiary have performed all obligations required to be performed by them under
each Material Contract and, to the Company’s knowledge, each other party to each
Material Contract has performed all material obligations required to be
performed by it under such Material Contract. Neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary is and to the knowledge of the Company, no third party is, in
violation of or default under any Material Contract, nor does any condition
exist which with the passage of time or the giving of notice would cause such a
violation of or default under any Material Contract, except for violations or
defaults that have not had, and would not, individually or in the aggregate,
have a Material Adverse Effect. No counterparty to any Material Contract has
cancelled or otherwise terminated any Material Contract or provided to the
Company written notice, or to the knowledge of the Company, oral notice, of its
intent to do so. As of the date hereof, true and complete copies of all Material
Contracts (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) are either publicly
filed with the SEC or the Company has made available to Parent copies of such
Material Contracts.
SECTION
4.20 Insurance.
Section 4.20 of the Disclosure Schedule set forth a correct and complete list
of, and the Company has delivered to Parent correct and complete copies of
binders for, all material insurance policies carried by or covering the Company
and the Subsidiaries with respect to their respective businesses, assets and
properties, including comprehensive general liability, fire and casualty,
automobile liability, and workers’ compensation insurance (the “Insurance
Policies”). The Insurance Policies are in full force and effect, and no written
notice of cancellation has been received by the Company or any Subsidiary with
respect to any such Insurance Policy which has not been cured by the payment of
premiums that are due, other than as would not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not received notice
of any threatened termination of, premium increase with respect to, or material
alteration of coverage under, any Insurance Policy. There are no pending
material claims under the Insurance Policies by the Company or any Subsidiary as
to which the insurers have denied liability.
SECTION
4.21 Brokers.
No broker, finder or investment banker (other than Xxxxxxx & Company, LLC)
is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection
with the Transactions based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of the
Company or any Subsidiary.
28
SECTION
4.22 Affiliate
Transactions.
Except (i) as set forth in Section 4.22 of the Disclosure Schedule or (ii)
pursuant to any employment agreement with any officer of the Company, there are
no contracts relating to any transactions of the type that would be required to
be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC or other
material transactions between the Company and any (a) present or former officer
or director of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries or any of their immediate
family members (including their spouses), (b) record or beneficial owner of more
than 5% of any class of capital stock of the Company, or (c) person known by the
Company’s executive officers to be an affiliate of any such officer, director or
beneficial owner.
SECTION
4.23 Opinion of
Financial Advisors.
The Board has received the opinion of Xxxxxxx & Company, LLC, dated as of
May 8, 2008, to the effect that the Merger Consideration to be received by the
Company’s stockholders in the Offer and the Merger is fair, from a financial
point of view, to the stockholders of the Company. A copy of such opinion and
the engagement letter between the Company and Xxxxxxx & Company, LLC has
heretofore been provided to Parent.
ARTICLE V
REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND PURCHASER
As
an inducement to the Company to enter into this Agreement, Parent and Purchaser
hereby, jointly and severally, represent and warrant to the Company
that:
SECTION
5.01 Corporate
Organization.
Each of Parent and Purchaser is a corporation duly organized, validly existing
and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Delaware and has the
requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties
and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except where the
failure to be so organized, existing or in good standing or to have such power
and authority would not prevent or materially delay consummation of any of the
Transactions, or otherwise prevent Parent or Purchaser from performing its
obligations under this Agreement. Purchaser was formed solely for the purpose of
engaging in the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and has not engaged
in any business activities or conducted any operations other than in connection
with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. All the issued and
outstanding shares of capital stock of Purchaser are owned of record and
beneficially by Parent.
SECTION
5.02 Authority
Relative to This Agreement.
Each of Parent and Purchaser has all necessary corporate power and authority to
execute and deliver this Agreement, to perform its obligations hereunder and to
consummate the Transactions. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by
Parent and Purchaser and the performance and consummation by Parent and
Purchaser of the Transactions have been duly and validly authorized by all
necessary corporate action on the part of Parent and Purchaser, and no other
corporate proceedings on the part of Parent or Purchaser are necessary to
authorize this Agreement or to consummate the Transactions (other than, with
respect to the Merger, the adoption of this Agreement by Parent as the sole
stockholder of Purchaser (which shall be effected by Parent immediately
following execution of this Agreement) and the filing and recordation of the
Certificate of Merger and other documents as required by the DGCL). This
Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Parent and
Purchaser and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery
29
by
the Company, constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of each of Parent
and Purchaser enforceable against each of Parent and Purchaser in accordance
with its terms, subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency
(including, without limitation, all laws relating to fraudulent transfers),
reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally
and subject to the effect of general principles of equity (regardless of whether
considered in a proceeding at law or in equity).
SECTION
5.03 No Conflict;
Required Filings and Consents.
(a) The execution and delivery of this
Agreement by Parent and Purchaser do not, and the performance of this Agreement
by Parent and Purchaser will not, and the consummation of the Transactions by
Parent and Purchaser will not, (i) conflict with or violate the Certificate of
Incorporation or By-laws of either Parent or Purchaser, (ii) assuming that all
consents, approvals and other authorizations described in Section 5.03(b)
and the approval of the
holders of the Shares described in Section 4.04(f) have been obtained and that all filings
and other actions described in Section 5.03(b) have been made or taken, conflict
with or violate any Law applicable to Parent or Purchaser or by which any
property or asset of either of them is bound or affected or (iii) result in any breach of, or
constitute a default (or an event which, with notice or lapse of time or both,
would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination,
amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, or result in the creation of a
Lien or other encumbrance on any property or
asset of Parent or Purchaser pursuant to, any note, bond, mortgage, indenture,
contract, agreement, lease, license, permit, franchise or other instrument or
obligation to which Parent or Purchaser is a party or by which Parent or
Purchaser or any property or asset of either of them is bound or affected,
except, with respect to clauses (ii) and (iii), for any such conflicts,
violations, breaches, defaults or other occurrences which would not prevent or
materially delay consummation of any of the Transactions or otherwise prevent
Parent or Purchaser from performing its obligations under this
Agreement.
(b) The execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement by Parent and
Purchaser do not, and the consummation of this Transactions by Parent and Purchaser will not,
require any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or filing with or
notification to, any Governmental Authority, except for (i) applicable
requirements, if any, of the Exchange Act, NASDAQ rules, Blue Sky Laws and state takeover laws,
(ii) the pre-merger notification requirements of the HSR Act and filings under
foreign competition laws, (iii) the filing and recordation of the Certificate of
Merger and other documents as required by the DGCL, and (iv) where the failure
to obtain such consents, approvals, authorizations or permits, or to make such
filings or notifications, would not prevent or materially delay consummation of
any of the Transactions, or otherwise prevent Parent or Purchaser from
performing its obligations under this Agreement.
SECTION
5.04 Financing.
Parent has, and shall have, sufficient funds on hand to permit Purchaser to
perform all of its obligations under this Agreement and to consummate all the
Transactions, including, without limitation, acquiring all the outstanding
Shares in the Offer and the Merger.
SECTION
5.05
Offer
Documents; Proxy Statement.
Neither the Offer Documents nor any information supplied by Parent or Purchaser
for inclusion in Schedule 14D-9 shall, at the
30
time
the Offer Documents , the Schedule 14D-9 or any amendments or supplements
thereto are filed with the SEC or are first published, sent or given to
stockholders of the Company, as the case may be, contain any untrue statement of
a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The information
supplied by Parent or Purchaser for inclusion in the Proxy Statement shall not,
at the date the Proxy Statement is first mailed to stockholders of the Company,
at the time of the Stockholders’ Meeting or at the Effective Time, contain any
untrue statement of a material fact, or omit to state any material fact required
to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not false or misleading,
or necessary to correct any statement in any earlier communication with respect
to the solicitation of proxies for the Stockholders’ Meeting which shall have
become false or misleading. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Parent and Purchaser
make no representation or warranty with respect to any information supplied by
the Company or any of its representatives for inclusion in any of the foregoing
documents. The Offer Documents shall comply in all material respects as to form
with the requirements of the Exchange Act.
SECTION
5.06 Ownership of
Company Capital Stock.
Other than 100 Shares owned by Parent and Purchaser as of the date hereof or as
contemplated by this Agreement, neither Parent nor Purchaser is, or, within the
past three years, has been, the beneficial owner of any shares of capital stock
of the Company.
ARTICLE VI
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS PENDING
THE MERGER
SECTION
6.01 Conduct of
Business by the Company Pending the Merger. The
Company agrees that, between the date of this Agreement and the Effective Time,
except as expressly permitted or required by any provision of this Agreement or
as otherwise set forth in Section 6.01 of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company
shall, and shall cause each Subsidiary to, (a) conduct the businesses of the
Company and the Subsidiaries in, and the Company and the Subsidiaries shall not
take any action except in, the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practice, including, without limitation, paying its debts and Taxes when due
subject to good faith disputes over such debts or Taxes, paying or performing
its other obligations when due (or within applicable grace periods) and
maintaining its books and records in the ordinary course of business consistent
with past practice and (b) use its reasonable best efforts to preserve intact
the lines of business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, to keep available the
services of the current officers, employees and consultants of the Company and
the Subsidiaries and to preserve the current relationships of the Company and
the Subsidiaries with customers, suppliers and other persons with which the
Company or any Subsidiary has business dealings and keep available the services
of its present officers and key employees, in each case with the objective that
the goodwill and ongoing business of the Company and the Subsidiaries shall be
unimpaired at the Effective Time. Except as contemplated by this Agreement or as
otherwise set forth in Section 6.01 of the Disclosure Schedule, neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary shall, between the date of this Agreement and the
Effective Time, directly or indirectly, do, or propose to do, any of the
following without the prior written consent of Parent:
31
(a) amend, propose to amend, or otherwise change its Certificate of
Incorporation or By-laws or equivalent organizational documents or convert into a different form of
entity. The Company shall not take any action to exempt any third party from any
applicable Anti-takeover Law or adopt any stockholder rights plan;
(b) issue, sell, pledge, dispose of, grant
or encumber, or authorize the issuance, sale, pledge, disposition, grant or
encumbrance of, (i) any shares of any class of capital stock of the Company or
any Subsidiary, or any
options, warrants, convertible securities or other rights of any kind to acquire
any shares of such capital stock, or any other ownership interest, of the
Company or any Subsidiary
(except for the issuance of Shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of Company
Stock Options outstanding on the date hereof) or (ii) any inventory, property or assets of the Company or any
Subsidiary, except in the ordinary course of business;
(c) declare, set aside, make or pay any
dividend or other distribution, payable in cash, stock, property or otherwise,
with respect to any of its capital stock, except for dividends by any direct or
indirect wholly-owned
Subsidiary to the Company or any other Subsidiary;
(d) reclassify, combine, split, subdivide or
amend the terms of any of
its capital stock or issue or authorize or propose the issuance of any other
securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for, shares of its
capital stock, except for any such transaction by a wholly-owned Subsidiary
which remains a wholly-owned Subsidiary after consummation of such transaction,
or redeem, or purchase or
otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, any of its capital stock or any other securities thereof or any
other rights, warrants or options to acquire any such shares of other securities
(except for repurchases made by the Company pursuant to the Company’s stock
repurchase program in accordance with the terms disclosed in the SEC Reports
prior to the date of this Agreement);
(e) except as necessary in the ordinary
course of business consistent with past practice, grant or acquire, agree to
grant to or acquire from any Person, or dispose of any rights to, any
Intellectual Property, or disclose or agree to disclose to any Person, other
than representatives of Parent or Purchaser, any trade secret or other
confidential information.
(f) (i) acquire (including, without
limitation, by merger, consolidation, or acquisition of stock or assets or any
other business combination) any corporation, partnership, other business
organization or any division thereof; (ii) except for borrowings under existing
credit facilities, incur any indebtedness for borrowed money or issue any debt
securities or assume, guarantee or endorse, or otherwise become responsible for,
the obligations of any person, or make any loans or advances, or grant any
security interest in any of its assets except in the ordinary course of
business; (iii) enter into any contract or agreement, other than in the ordinary course of
business, or pay, discharge
or satisfy any claims, liabilities or obligations (absolute, accrued, contingent
or otherwise), except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practice; (iv) materially modify, amend or terminate or waive, release or assign
any material rights or claims with respect to any Material Contract or (x) enter
into any new Contract that, if entered into prior to the date of this Agreement,
would have been required to be filed with the SEC Reports or would be reasonably
likely to (y) impair in any material respect the ability of the Company to
perform its obligations under this Agreement or (z) prevent or materially delay
the consummation of the Merger; (v) authorize, or make any commitment with
respect to, any
32
single capital expenditure which is in
excess of $250,000 or capital expenditures which are, in
the aggregate, in excess of $1,000,000 for the Company and the
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; or (vi) enter into or amend any contract,
agreement, commitment or arrangement with respect to any matter set forth in
this Section 6.01(f);
(g) increase the compensation payable to its
directors, officers or employees, except for increases in the ordinary course of
business in salaries, wages, bonuses, incentives or benefits of employees of the
Company or any Subsidiary who are not directors or officers of the Company, or
grant any severance or termination pay to, or enter into any employment or
severance agreement with, any director, officer or other employee of the Company
or of any Subsidiary, or establish, adopt, enter into or amend any collective
bargaining, bonus, profit-sharing, thrift, compensation, stock option,
restricted stock, pension, retirement, deferred compensation, employment,
retention, termination, severance or other plan,
agreement, trust, fund, policy or arrangement for the benefit of any director,
officer or employee;
(h) (i) adopt or change any of its
accounting practices, policies or procedures, except for any such adoption or
change as may be required by reason of a change in GAAP or applicable SEC rules
or regulations, (ii) change its fiscal year, (iii) write up, write down or write
off the book value of any assets, except for depreciation, amortization and
impairment charges recorded in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, (iv)
prepare or file any Tax return inconsistent with past practice or, on any Tax
return, take any position, make, change or revoke any election, or adopt or
change any Tax accounting method that is inconsistent with positions taken,
elections made or Tax accounting methods used in preparing or filing similar Tax
returns in prior periods, (v) materially amend any Tax returns, or (vi) settle
or compromise any material claim or assessment relating to Taxes, enter into any
closing agreement relating to Taxes or consent to any material claim or audit
relating to Taxes;
(i) (i) enter into any contracts that limit
or restrain the Company or any Subsidiary or any of their respective affiliates,
or that would, after the Effective Time, limit or restrict Parent, the Surviving
Corporation or any of their respective affiliates or successors, from engaging
or competing in any business or in any geographic area or location, (ii) amend,
modify or terminate, or permit the amendment, modification or termination of,
any lease or sublease, (iii) engage in any transaction with, or enter into,
amend or terminate (except pursuant to its terms) any agreement, arrangement, or
understanding with,
directly or indirectly, any
of the Company’s affiliates, including any transactions, agreements,
arrangements or understandings with any affiliate of the Company or other person
covered under Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC that would be
required to be disclosed under such Item 404 or (iv) enter into any agreement or
exercise any discretion providing for acceleration of payment or performance as
a result of a change of control of the Company or the
Subsidiaries;
(j) (i) materially modify, amend or
terminate or waive, release or assign any material rights or claims with respect
to, any Material Contract or (ii) enter into any new contract that, if entered
into prior to the date of this Agreement, would have been required to be listed
in Section 4.19(a) of the Disclosure Schedule as a Material Contract or would be
reasonably likely to (x) impair in any material respect the ability of the
Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or (y) prevent or
materially delay the consummation of the Merger;
33
(k) alter (through merger, liquidation,
reorganization, restructuring or any other fashion) the corporate structure or
ownership of the Company or any Subsidiary, including through the adoption of a
plan of complete or partial liquidation or resolutions providing for or
authorizing such a liquidation or a dissolution, consolidation, recapitalization
or bankruptcy reorganization;
(l) (i) incur any indebtedness for borrowed
money or issue or sell any debt securities or warrants or rights to acquire any
debt securities of the Company or any Subsidiary or assume, guarantee or
endorse, or otherwise as an accommodation become responsible for, the
obligations of any person (other than a wholly-owned Subsidiary) for borrowed
money, except for indebtedness incurred under the Company’s existing credit
facilities or renewals or refinancings thereof, or (ii) pay, discharge or
satisfy any claims, liabilities or obligations (absolute, accrued, contingent or
otherwise), except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practice, or (iii) make any loans, advance or capital contributions to, or
investments in, any other person, other than to the Company or any wholly-owned
Subsidiary;
(m) waive, release, assign, settle or
compromise any claims, or any litigation or arbitration;
(n) (i) permit any Insurance Policy to be
canceled or terminated other than in the ordinary course of business or (ii)
permit to lapse any registrations or applications for any material Intellectual
Property owned by the Company or any Subsidiary;
(o) incur or commit to any capital
expenditures, except for capital expenditures up to the aggregate amount set
forth in a capital expenditure budget plan delivered to Parent prior to the date
of this Agreement and set forth in Section 6.01(o) of the Disclosure
Schedule;
(p) subject to Section 7.05(b), enter into
any new confidentiality agreements with any party or amend any existing
confidentiality agreements without the written consent of the Parent;
or
(q) agree, authorize or enter into any
commitment or verbal or written agreement to take any action (i) that is
intended or would reasonably be expected to result in any of the conditions to
the Merger set forth in Article VIII not being satisfied or (ii) that is
described in the foregoing clauses (a)-(p) of this Section
6.01.
ARTICLE VII
ADDITIONAL
AGREEMENTS
SECTION
7.01 Stockholders’
Meeting.
(a) If required by applicable Law in order
to consummate the Merger, the Company, acting through the Board, shall, in
accordance with applicable Law and the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation
and By-laws and NASDAQ
rules, (i) duly call, give
notice of, convene and hold an annual or special meeting of its stockholders as
promptly as reasonably practicable following consummation of the Offer for the
purpose of considering and taking action on this Agreement and the Transactions
(the “Stockholders’
Meeting”) and (ii)
34
except as required by the fiduciary
duties of the Board under applicable Law, (A) include in the Proxy Statement the
recommendation of the Board that the stockholders of the Company adopt this
Agreement and approve the Transactions and (B) use its reasonable efforts to
obtain such adoption and approval. At the Stockholders’ Meeting, Parent and
Purchaser shall cause all Shares then owned by them and their subsidiaries to be
voted in favor of the adoption of this Agreement and approval of the
Transactions.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the
event that Purchaser shall acquire at least 90% of the then outstanding Shares
pursuant to the Offer, the parties agree, subject to Article VIII, to take all
necessary and appropriate action to cause the Merger to become effective, in
accordance with Section 253 of the DGCL, as promptly as reasonably practicable
after such acquisition, without a meeting of the stockholders of the
Company.
SECTION
7.02 Proxy
Statement.
(a) If approval of the Company’s
stockholders is required by applicable Law to consummate the Merger, promptly
following consummation of the Offer, the Company shall (i) prepare and file the Proxy Statement with the SEC
under the Exchange Act, (ii) mail to the holders of Shares a
Proxy Statement within a sufficient time prior to the Stockholders’ Meeting and
(iii) otherwise comply in all material respects with all legal requirements
applicable to the Stockholders’ Meeting, and shall use its reasonable efforts to
have the Proxy Statement cleared by the SEC promptly. Parent, Purchaser and the
Company shall cooperate with each other in the preparation of the Proxy
Statement, and the Company shall notify Parent promptly of the receipt of any comments of the
SEC with respect to the Proxy Statement and of any request by the SEC for any amendment or
supplement thereto or for additional information and shall provide as soon as reasonably practicable
to Parent copies of all
correspondence between the Company or any representative of the Company and the
SEC with respect thereto. The Company shall give Parent and its counsel a
reasonable opportunity to review and comment on the Proxy Statement prior to such documents being filed
with the SEC or disseminated to holders of Shares and shall give Parent and its
counsel a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on all responses to
requests for additional information and replies to comments prior to their being
filed with, or sent to, the SEC. Each of the Company, Parent and Purchaser
agrees to use its reasonable efforts, after consultation with the other parties
hereto, to respond promptly to all such comments of and requests by the SEC and
to cause the Proxy Statement and all required amendments and supplements thereto
to be mailed to the holders of Shares entitled to vote at the Stockholders’
Meeting at the earliest practicable time.
(b) The Company shall use its reasonable
best efforts to ensure that the Proxy Statement (i) will not, on the date it is
first mailed to stockholders of the Company and at the time of the Stockholders’
Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not
misleading and (ii) will comply as to form in all material respects with the
applicable requirements of the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
Company assumes no responsibility with respect to information supplied in
writing by or on behalf of Parent or Purchaser for inclusion or incorporation by
reference in the Proxy Statement. Parent shall use its reasonable best efforts
to ensure that the information supplied by Parent in writing for inclusion (or
incorporation by
35
reference) in the Proxy Statement will
not, on the date it is first mailed to stockholders of the Company and at the
time of the Stockholders’ Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they are made, not misleading.
SECTION
7.03 Company
Board Representation; Section 14(f)
(a) Subject to compliance with applicable
Law, promptly upon the acceptance for payment of any Shares by Parent or
Purchaser or any of their affiliates pursuant to and in accordance with the
terms of the Offer (the “Appointment
Time”) and from time to time thereafter,
and subject to Section
7.03(c), Purchaser shall be
entitled to designate up to such number of directors, rounded up to
the nearest whole number constituting at least a majority of the
directors, on the Board as
will give Purchaser representation on the
Board equal to the product of the number of directors on the Board (giving
effect to any increase in
the number of directors pursuant to this Section 7.03) and the percentage that such number of Shares beneficially owned by
Parent or its
affiliates bears to the
total number of Shares then outstanding, and the Company shall use reasonable best efforts to, upon
Parent’s request, promptly, at Parent’s election, either increase the size of the Board or seek and accept the resignation of such
number of directors as is necessary to enable Parent’s designees to be elected
to the Board and to cause Parent’s designees to be so elected. At such times,
subject to Section 7.03(c), the Company will cause individuals designated by
Parent to constitute the number of members of each committee of the Board,
rounded up to the next whole number, that represents the same percentage as such
individuals represent on the Board, other than any committee of the Board
established to take action under this Agreement which committee shall be
composed only of Independent Directors (as defined in Section
7.03(c)).
(b) The Company’s obligation to appoint
designees to the Board shall be subject to Section 14(f) of the Exchange Act and
Rule 14f-1 thereunder. The
Company shall promptly take all action required pursuant to Section 14(f) of
the Exchange Act and Rule 14f-1 thereunder in order to fulfill its obligations under this
Section 7.03, and shall include in the Schedule 14D-9 such information with
respect to the Company and its officers and directors as is required
pursuant to Section 14(f) of the Exchange Act and Rule 14f-1 thereunder in order to fulfill its obligations under this Section 7.03 and the federal
securities Laws. Parent
shall provide to the Company, and shall be solely responsible for, the information and consents with respect to Parent and its designees, officers, directors and affiliates
required by Section 14(f)
of the Exchange Act
and Rule 14f-1 thereunder.
(c) In the event that Parent’s designees are
elected or designated to the Board, then, until the Effective Time, the Company
shall cause the Board to have at least two directors who are (i) independent
directors for purposes of the continued listing requirements of The NASDAQ Stock
Market LLC (the “NASDAQ”) and (ii) reasonably satisfactory to
Parent (such directors, the “Independent
Directors”); provided, however, that, if any Independent Director is
unable to serve due to death or disability or any other reason, the remaining
Independent Directors shall be entitled to elect or designate another individual
(or individuals) who serve(s) as a director (or directors) on the date of this
Agreement (provided, that no such individual is an employee of the Company or
the Subsidiaries) to fill the vacancy, and such director (or
directors)
36
shall be deemed to be an Independent
Director (or Independent Directors) for purposes of this Agreement. If no
Independent Director remains prior to the Effective Time, a majority of the
members of the Board at the time of the execution of this Agreement shall be
entitled to designate two persons to fill such vacancies; provided, that such
individuals shall not be employees or officers of the Company, Parent or
Purchaser and shall be reasonably satisfactory to Parent, and such persons shall
be deemed Independent Directors for purposes of this Agreement. Following the
Appointment Time and prior
to the Effective Time,
Parent and Purchaser shall cause any amendment or termination of this
Agreement, any extension by
the Company of the time for the performance of any of the obligations or other
acts of Purchaser or Parent or waiver of any of the Company’s
rights under this Agreement
or other action adversely affecting the rights of the stockholders (other than
Parent or Purchaser), not to be effected without the affirmative vote of a
majority of the Independent Directors.
SECTION
7.04 Access to
Information; Confidentiality.
(a) Subject to applicable Law and
confidentiality agreements, from the date hereof until the Effective Time, the
Company shall, and shall cause the Subsidiaries and the officers, directors,
employees, auditors and agents of the Company and the Subsidiaries to, afford
the officers, employees and agents of Parent and Purchaser reasonable access
during normal business hours to the officers, employees, agents, properties,
offices, plants and other facilities, books and records of the Company and each
Subsidiary, shall furnish Parent and Purchaser with such financial, operating
and other data and information as Parent or Purchaser, through its officers,
employees or agents, may reasonably request and shall instruct the employees,
counsel and financial advisors of the Company and the Subsidiaries to cooperate
reasonably (and subject to any applicable Laws, codes of conduct or similar
requirements) with Parent, Purchaser, and their officers, employees or agent in
their investigation of the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries;
provided, however, that such access shall only be
provided to the extent that such access would not violate applicable Laws or the
terms of any contract to which the Company or any of the Subsidiaries is a party
or by which any of their respective assets are subject; provided, further, however, that to the extent that the Company or
any of the Subsidiaries is restricted in or prohibited from providing any such
access to any documents or data pursuant to any such contract for the benefit of
any third party, each of the Company and any such Subsidiary shall use its
reasonable best efforts to obtain any approval, consent or waiver with respect
to such contract that is necessary to provide such access to such officer,
employee or agent. If any of the information or material furnished pursuant to
this Section 7.04 includes materials or information subject to the
attorney-client privilege, work product doctrine or any other applicable
privilege concerning pending or threatened legal proceedings or governmental
investigations, each party understands and agrees that the parties have a
commonality of interest with respect to such matters and it is the desire,
intention and mutual understanding of the parties that the sharing of such
material or information is not intended to, and shall not, waive or diminish in
any way the confidentiality of such material or information or its continued
protection under the attorney-client privilege, work product doctrine or other
applicable privilege. All such information provided by the Company that is
entitled to protection under the attorney-client privilege, work product
doctrine or other applicable privilege shall remain entitled to such protection
under these privileges, this Agreement, and under the joint defense
doctrine.
37
(b) All information obtained by Parent or
Purchaser pursuant to this Section 7.04 shall be kept confidential in accordance
with the confidential disclosure agreement, dated January, 3, 2008 (the “Confidentiality
Agreement”).
SECTION
7.05 Acquisition
Proposals.
(a) From the date hereof until the Effective
Time, the Company shall, and shall cause the Subsidiaries and their respective
representatives, to (i) immediately cease any
discussions or negotiations with any parties that may be ongoing with respect to
an Acquisition Proposal and request, not later than five (5) days following the
date hereof, the prompt return of all confidential information previously
furnished to such parties or their representatives, and (ii) not modify, waive,
amend or release any standstill, confidentiality or similar agreements entered
into prior to the date hereof or any confidentiality agreement entered into by
the Company or any Subsidiary between the date hereof and the
Effective Time. Except as expressly permitted by Section 7.05(b), the Company
shall not, nor shall the Company permit any Subsidiary or their respective representatives to, (A) solicit, initiate, or
facilitate (including by way of furnishing non-public information or providing
access to its properties, books, records or personnel) any inquiries regarding,
or the making of any proposal or offer that constitutes, or could reasonably be
expected to lead to, an Acquisition Proposal or (B) have any discussions (other than
to state that the Company is not permitted to have discussions) or participate
in any negotiations regarding an Acquisition Proposal, or execute or enter into
any agreement, understanding or arrangement with respect to an Acquisition
Proposal, or approve or recommend or propose publicly to approve or recommend an
Acquisition Proposal or any agreement, understanding or arrangement relating to
an Acquisition Proposal. For purposes of this Agreement, “Acquisition
Proposal” means any proposal or offer (whether or
not binding) from any person or group (other than Parent and its affiliates)
relating to any direct or indirect acquisition or purchase of 15% or more of the
assets of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or 15%
or more of any class of equity securities of the Company or any Subsidiary then
outstanding, any tender offer or exchange offer that if consummated would result
in any person beneficially owning 15% or more of any class of equity securities
of the Company or any Subsidiary then outstanding, and any merger,
consolidation, business combination, recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution
or similar transaction involving the Company, other than the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement.
(b) Notwithstanding Section 7.05(a), if,
prior to the purchase of Shares pursuant to the Offer and following the receipt
by the Company of a bona fide written Acquisition Proposal from any person,
which Acquisition Proposal was made after the date hereof and did not result,
directly or indirectly, from a breach of this Section 7.05, the Board determines
in good faith, (i) after consultation with its financial advisors and, with
respect to the matters covered by clause (iii) of the definition of
“Superior
Proposal” set forth in
Section 7.05(h), its outside legal counsel, that such Acquisition Proposal
constitutes or would reasonably be expected to lead to a Superior
Proposal and (ii) after
consultation with outside legal counsel, that the failure to take the actions
set forth in clauses (x) and (y) below with respect to such Acquisition Proposal
would be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable Law, the
Company may, in response to such Acquisition Proposal, subject to compliance
with this Section 7.05, and after giving notice to Parent (x) furnish
information with respect to the Company to the person who has made such
Acquisition Proposal pursuant to a confidentiality agreement on terms no less
favorable in the aggregate to the Company than those contained in
the
38
Confidentiality Agreement and with a
standstill of duration no shorter than and with exceptions to such standstill
not materially broader than those contained in the Confidentiality Agreement (an
“Acceptable
Confidentiality Agreement”); and (y) participate in discussions
and negotiations regarding such Acquisition Proposal. From and after the date
hereof, the Company shall advise Parent orally and in writing of the receipt of
any Acquisition Proposal or any inquiry with respect to, or that could
reasonably be expected to lead to, any Acquisition Proposal (in each case within
two business days of receipt thereof), specifying the material terms and
conditions thereof and the identity of the party making such Acquisition
Proposal or inquiry and the Company shall provide to Parent (within such
timeframe), a copy of all written materials provided to the Company or any
Subsidiary in connection with any such Acquisition
Proposal or inquiry. The Company agrees that it and the Subsidiaries will not enter into any
confidentiality agreement with any person subsequent to the date hereof which
prohibits the Company from providing such information to Parent. From and after
the date hereof, the Company shall notify Parent (within two (2) business days) orally and in writing of
any material modifications to the financial or other material terms of any
Acquisition Proposal or inquiry and shall provide to Parent, within such
timeframe, a copy of all written materials subsequently provided to or by the
Company or any Subsidiary in connection with any such Acquisition Proposal or
inquiry.
(c) Except as set forth in Section 7.05(d)
and Section 7.05(f), neither the Board nor any committee thereof shall, directly
or indirectly, (i) withdraw or modify, or propose publicly to withdraw or
modify, or resolve to withdraw or modify, in a manner adverse to
Parent or
Purchaser, the approval or
recommendation by the Board of this Agreement, the Offer, the Merger, or any
Transaction; (ii) approve or recommend, or propose publicly to approve or
recommend, or resolve to approve or recommend, any Acquisition Proposal (any of
the actions referred to in the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), whether taken by
the Board or any committee thereof, a “Change in
Board Recommendation”); (iii) approve or recommend, or allow
the Company or any Subsidiary to enter into, any letter of intent,
acquisition agreement or any similar agreement with respect to an Acquisition
Proposal; or (iv) effect any transaction contemplated by any Acquisition
Proposal.
(d) Notwithstanding Section 7.05(c), the
Board may, prior to the purchase of Shares pursuant to the Offer, in response to
a Superior Proposal received by the Board after the date of this Agreement,
terminate this Agreement to enter into an agreement with respect to such
Superior Proposal, but only if:
(i) such Superior Proposal did not result,
directly or indirectly, from a breach by the Company of this Section
7.05;
(ii) the Board shall have first provided
prior written notice to Parent that it is prepared to terminate this Agreement
to enter into an agreement with respect to a Superior Proposal from any
person, which notice shall attach the most
current version of any written agreement relating to the transaction that
constitutes such Superior Proposal, the identity of the party making such
Superior Proposal and any other material terms and conditions thereof and shall
cause the Company’s representatives to negotiate in good faith with Parent
so that Parent may propose an amendment to this Agreement for the purpose of
causing the Acquisition Proposal to no longer constitute a Superior
Proposal;
39
(iii) Parent does not make, within five (5)
business days after the receipt of such notice (it being understood and agreed
that any change to the financial or other material terms of such Superior
Proposal shall require an
additional notice to Parent and a new five (5) business day period), a binding,
written and complete (including any schedules or exhibits) proposal that the
Board determines in good faith, after consultation with its financial advisors,
causes the Acquisition Proposal that constituted a Superior Proposal to no
longer constitute a Superior Proposal; and
(iv) the Company pays the Company Termination
Fee, under Section 9.03(b) concurrently with and as a condition
of such termination.
(e) The Company agrees that, during the
period of five (5) business days prior to terminating this Agreement to enter
into an agreement with respect to a Superior Proposal (and any subsequent five
(5) business day period pursuant to the parenthetical in Section 7.05(d)(iii)
above), the Company shall consider in good faith any revisions to the terms of
the transaction contemplated by this Agreement that are proposed by
Parent.
(f) Notwithstanding Section 7.05(c), at any
time prior to the purchase of Shares pursuant to the Offer, if the Board has
concluded in good faith, following consultation with its outside legal counsel,
that the failure of the Board to make a Change in Board Recommendation would be
inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable Law, then the Board may
make a Change in Board Recommendation.
(g) Nothing contained in this Section 7.05
shall prohibit the Board from complying with Rules 14a-9, 14d-9 or 14e-2
promulgated under the Exchange Act with regard to an Acquisition Proposal or
from making any disclosure to the Company’s stockholders if, in the good faith
judgment of the Board, after consultation with its outside legal counsel, the
failure to do so would be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under
applicable Law or is otherwise required under applicable Law; provided, however, that, in any event, the Board shall
not be permitted to (i) make a Change in Board Recommendation or (ii) take any
position under Rule 14e-2(a) other than recommending rejection of such tender or
exchange offer, in each case, unless it has complied with all of its obligations
under this Section 7.05.
(h) For purposes of this Agreement,
“Superior
Proposal” means any bona fide written Acquisition
Proposal not solicited or initiated in violation of this Section 7.05 that (i)
relates to an acquisition by a person or group acting in concert of either
(A) more than 60% of the equity interests of the Company
pursuant to a tender offer, merger or otherwise or (B) more than 60% of the assets used in the conduct of
the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (ii)
the Board determines in its good faith judgment (after consultation with
outside legal counsel and
the Company’s independent
financial advisors) would, if consummated, result in a transaction (A) that offers for each Share an amount
in consideration greater than the Per Share Amount and (B) that is, in light of
the other terms of such proposal, more favorable to the Company’s
stockholders than the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the Merger, or in any other
proposal made by Parent after Parent’s receipt of notice of a Superior
Proposal, and (iii) the
Board determines in good faith (after consultation with its financial
advisors and its outside legal counsel) is reasonably capable of
being consummated on the
terms proposed, in each case taking into account all legal,
financial,
40
regulatory, fiduciary and other aspects
of the proposal, including the availability of financing and the likelihood that
such transactions will be
consummated.
SECTION
7.06
Employee
Benefits Matters.
(a) Parent hereby agrees that, for a period
of one year immediately following the Effective
Time, it shall, or it shall cause the Surviving Corporation and its subsidiaries
to provide (i) base
salaries which are the same or greater than the base salaries as of the
Effective Time and (ii) benefits which are substantially comparable in the
aggregate to those provided to similarly situated
employees of Parent or its
subsidiaries. From and
after the Effective Time, Parent shall cause the Surviving Corporation and its
subsidiaries to honor in accordance with their terms, all contracts, agreements,
arrangements, policies, plans and commitments of the Company and the
Subsidiaries as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time that are
applicable to any current or former employee or director of the Company or any Subsidiary.
Notwithstanding anything
herein to the contrary, no provision of this Agreement shall (i) create any
right in any employee of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries to continued
employment by Parent, the Surviving Corporation or any subsidiary of the
Surviving Corporation or preclude the ability of Parent, the Surviving
Corporation or any subsidiary of the Surviving Corporation to terminate the
employment of any employee for any reason or (ii) require Parent, the Surviving
Corporation or any subsidiary of the Surviving Corporation to continue any
employee benefit plans or prevent the amendment, modification or termination
thereof after the Effective Time.
(b) Employees of the Company and the
Subsidiaries shall receive credit for all purposes (including, without
limitation, for purposes of eligibility to participate, vesting, benefit accrual
and eligibility to receive benefits but not for purposes of benefit
accruals under defined benefit pension plans) under any employee benefit plan,
program or arrangement established or maintained by Parent, the Surviving
Corporation or any of their respective subsidiaries for service accrued or
deemed accrued prior to the Effective Time with the Company or any Subsidiary;
provided, however, that such crediting of service shall
not operate to duplicate any benefit or the funding of any such
benefit.
(c) The parties hereto acknowledge and agree
that all provisions contained in this Section 7.06 are included for the sole
benefit of the respective parties hereto and shall not create any right in any
other person, including, without limitation, any current or former employee of
the Company or the Subsidiaries, any participant in any Plan or any beneficiary
thereof.
SECTION
7.07 Directors’
and Officers’ Indemnification and Insurance.
(a) For a period of six (6) years from the
Effective Time, the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of the Surviving
Corporation shall contain provisions no less favorable with respect to
exculpation, indemnification and advancement of expenses than are set forth in
the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of the Company, which provisions
shall not be amended, repealed or otherwise modified for a period of six (6)
years from the Effective Time in any manner that would affect adversely the
rights thereunder of individuals who, at or prior to the Effective Time, were
directors, officers, employees, fiduciaries or agents of the Company
or
41
any Subsidiary, unless such modification shall be
required by applicable Law and then only to the minimum extent required by
applicable Law.
(b) After the Effective Time, the Surviving
Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable Law,
indemnify and hold harmless, each present and former director, officer,
employee, fiduciary and agent of the Company and each Subsidiary (collectively,
the “Indemnified
Parties”) against all costs and expenses
(including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages,
liabilities and settlement amounts paid in connection with any claim, action,
suit, proceeding or investigation (whether arising before or after the Effective
Time), whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, arising out of
or pertaining to any action or omission in their capacity as an officer,
director, employee, fiduciary or agent, at or prior to the Effective Time, for a period of six
(6) years after the date hereof. In the event of any such claim, action, suit,
proceeding or investigation, (i) the Surviving Corporation shall pay, in advance
of the final disposition of any such claim, action, suit, proceeding or
investigation, the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel selected by the
Indemnified Parties, which counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the
Surviving Corporation, promptly after statements therefor are received and (ii)
the Surviving Corporation shall cooperate in the defense of any such matter;
provided, however, that the Surviving Corporation shall
not be liable for any settlement effected without its written consent (which
consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed); and provided, further, that the Surviving Corporation shall
not be obligated pursuant to this Section 7.07(b) to pay the fees and expenses
of more than one counsel for all Indemnified Parties in any single action except
to the extent that two or more of such Indemnified Parties shall have
conflicting interests in the outcome of such action; and provided, further, that, in the event that any claim for
indemnification is asserted or made within such six (6) year period, all rights
to indemnification in respect of such claim shall continue until the disposition
of such claim.
(c) The Surviving Corporation shall maintain
in effect for six (6) years from the Effective Time, if available, the current
directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies maintained by the Company
covering acts or omissions
occurring at or prior to the Effective Time with respect to those persons who
are currently (and any additional persons who prior to the Effective Time
become) covered by the Company’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance
policy on terms and scope with respect to such coverage, and in amount, not less
favorable to such individuals than those of such policy in effect on the date
hereof (provided, that the
Surviving Corporation may substitute therefor policies, issued by reputable
insurers, of at least the
same coverage with respect
to matters occurring prior to the Effective Time containing terms and conditions that are
not less favorable, including a “tail” policy); provided, however, that in no event shall the Surviving
Corporation be required to expend pursuant to this Section 7.07(c) more than an
amount per year equal to 250% of current annual premiums paid by the
Company for such insurance; provided, however, that in the event of an expiration,
termination or cancellation of such current policies, Purchaser or the Surviving
Corporation shall be required to obtain as much coverage as is possible under
substantially similar policies for such maximum annual amount in aggregate
annual premiums.
(d) In the event the Surviving Corporation
or any of its successors or assigns (i) consolidates with or merges into any
other person and shall not be the continuing or surviving corporation or entity
of such consolidation or merger, or (ii) transfers all or substantially all of
its
42
properties and assets to any person,
then, and in each such case, proper provision shall be made so that the
successors and assigns of the Surviving Corporation, or at Parent’s option,
Parent, shall assume the obligations set forth in this Section
7.07.
(e) Parent shall cause the Surviving
Corporation to perform all of the obligations of the Surviving Corporation under
this Section 7.07.
SECTION
7.08 Further
Action; Reasonable Best Efforts.
(a) Upon the terms and subject to the
conditions of this Agreement, each of the parties hereto shall (i) prepare and make promptly its respective filings,
and thereafter make any other required submissions, under the HSR Act and
applicable foreign competition Laws with respect to the
Transactions and (ii) use
its commercially
reasonable efforts to take,
or cause to be taken, all appropriate action, and to do, or cause to be done,
all things necessary, proper or advisable under applicable Laws to consummate
and make effective the Transactions, including, without limitation, using its
reasonable best efforts to obtain all Permits, consents, approvals,
authorizations, qualifications and orders of Governmental Authorities and
parties to contracts with the Company and the Subsidiaries as are necessary for
the consummation of the Transactions and to fulfill the conditions to the Offer
and the Merger. In case, at any time after the Effective Time, if any further action is necessary or
desirable to carry out the purposes of this Agreement, the proper officers and
directors of each party to this Agreement shall use their reasonable best
efforts to take all such action.
(b) The parties hereto agree to cooperate
and assist one another in connection with all actions to be taken pursuant to
Section 7.08(a), including the preparation and making of the filings referred to
therein and, if requested, amending or furnishing additional information
thereunder, including, subject to applicable Law and the Confidentiality
Agreement, providing copies of all related documents to the non-filing party and
their advisors prior to filing, and to the extent practicable neither of the
parties will file any such document or have any communication with any
Governmental Authority without prior consultation with the other party. Each
party shall keep the other apprised of the content and status of any
communications with, and communications from, any Governmental Authority with
respect to the Offer and the Transactions. To the extent practicable and
permitted by a Governmental Authority, each party hereto shall permit
representatives of the other party to participate in meetings and calls with
such Governmental Authority.
(c) Each of the parties hereto agrees to
cooperate and use its commercially reasonable efforts to vigorously contest
and resist any Action, including administrative or judicial Action, and to have
vacated, lifted, reversed or overturned any decree, judgment, injunction or
other order (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent) that is in effect and
that restricts, prevents or prohibits consummation of the Transactions,
including, without limitation, by vigorously pursuing all available avenues of
administrative and judicial appeal.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of
this Agreement to the contrary, Parent agrees to take any and all steps
necessary to avoid or eliminate each and every impediment under any antitrust or
competition law that may be asserted by any Governmental Authority or any other
person so as to enable the parties to close the Transactions as promptly
as
43
reasonably practicable, including,
without limitation, by seeking to avoid the entry of, or to effect the
dissolution of, any injunction, temporary restraining order or other order in
any suit or proceeding, which would otherwise have the effect of preventing or
materially delaying the consummation of any part or all of the Transactions,
provided, however, nothing in this section or in this
Agreement shall be deemed to require the Company or Parent or any of their
respective subsidiaries to agree to or take any action that would result in any
Burdensome Condition. For purposes of this Agreement, a “Burdensome
Condition” shall mean executing or carrying out
agreements (including consent decrees) or submitting to Laws (i) providing for
the license, sale or other disposition or holding separate (through the
establishment of trust or otherwise) of any assets or categories of assets of
the Company, Parent or their respective subsidiaries or the holding separate of
the capital stock of a Parent subsidiary or (ii) imposing or seeking to impose
any limitation on the ability of the Company, Parent or any of their respective
subsidiaries to conduct their respective businesses (including, with respect to,
market practices and structure) or own such assets or to acquire, hold or
exercise full rights of ownership of the business of Parent, each of the Parent
subsidiaries, the Company or the Subsidiaries that, in the case of (i) and (ii),
individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to result in (A)
the sale or divestiture of a material asset of the Company, Parent, the
Surviving Corporation or any of their respective subsidiaries, (B) a Material
Adverse Effect on the Company or a material adverse effect on Parent, the
Surviving Corporation or any of their respective subsidiaries, or (C) a material
adverse effect on the synergies which Parent reasonably expects from the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, in each case following the
Effective Time.
SECTION
7.09 Public
Announcements.
Parent, Purchaser and the Company agree that no public release or announcement
concerning the Transactions, the Offer or the Merger shall be issued by either
party without the prior consent of the other party (which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld), except as such release or announcement may be required
by Law or the rules or regulations of the SEC or any applicable securities
exchange, in which case the party required to make the release or announcement
shall use its reasonable best efforts to allow the other party reasonable time
to comment on such release or announcement in advance of such issuance. The
parties have agreed upon the form of a joint press release announcing the Offer
and the execution of this Agreement.
SECTION
7.10 Certain
Notifications.
Between the date of this Agreement and the Effective Time, the Company shall
promptly notify Parent and Purchaser of (i) any notice or other communication
from any person alleging that the consent of such person is or may be required
in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including
the Merger, (ii) any notice or communication from any Governmental Authority in
connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the
Merger, and (iii) any Action commenced or, to the Company’s knowledge,
threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary which, if pending on the date
of this Agreement, would have been required to have been disclosed pursuant to
Section 4.10 or which relates to the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, including the Merger. Between the date of this
Agreement and the Effective Time, Parent and Purchaser shall promptly notify the
Company of any Action commenced or, to the knowledge of Parent or Purchaser,
threatened against Parent or Purchaser which relates to the consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Between the date of this Agreement
and the Effective Time, each party shall promptly notify the other parties
hereto in writing of (a) the occurrence, or nonoccurrence, of any event the
occurrence, or
44
nonoccurrence,
of which would be likely to cause (x) any representation or warranty contained
in this Agreement to be untrue or inaccurate or (y) any covenant, condition or
agreement contained in this Agreement not to be complied with or satisfied and
(b) any failure of the Company, Parent or Purchaser, as the case may be, to
comply with or satisfy any covenant, condition or agreement to be complied with
or satisfied by it hereunder; provided, however, that the delivery of any notice
pursuant to this Section 7.10 shall not cure any breach of any representation or
warranty requiring disclosure of such matter prior to the date of this Agreement
or otherwise limit or affect the remedies available hereunder to the party
receiving such notice.
ARTICLE VIII
CONDITIONS TO THE
MERGER
SECTION
8.01 Conditions
to the Merger.
The obligations of each party to effect the Merger shall be subject to the
satisfaction, at or prior to the Effective Time, of the following
conditions:
(a) Stockholder
Approval. If and to the
extent required by the DGCL and the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company,
this Agreement and the Transactions shall have been adopted and approved by the
affirmative vote of the stockholders of the Company required by
Law;
(b) No
Injunctions or Restraints.
No temporary restraining
order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other judgment or order issued by
any court or agency of competent jurisdiction or other Law, rule, legal
restraint or prohibition (collectively, “Restraints”) shall be enacted or in effect
preventing the consummation
of the Transactions;
and
(c) Offer. Purchaser or its permitted assignee
shall have purchased all Shares validly tendered and not withdrawn pursuant to
the Offer; provided, however, that this condition shall not be
applicable to the obligations of Parent or Purchaser if, in breach of this
Agreement or the terms of the Offer, Purchaser fails to purchase any Shares
validly tendered and not withdrawn pursuant to the Offer.
ARTICLE IX
TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND
WAIVER
SECTION
9.01 Termination.
This Agreement may be terminated and the Offer, the Merger and the Transactions
may be abandoned at any time prior to the Effective Time, notwithstanding any
requisite adoption and approval of this Agreement and the Transactions by the
stockholders of the Company:
(a) Subject to Section 7.03(c),
by mutual written consent
of each of Parent and the Company duly authorized by the Boards of Directors of
Parent, Purchaser and the Company; or
(b) By either Parent or the
Company:
(i) if Purchaser or its permitted assignee
shall not have purchased all Shares validly tendered and not withdrawn pursuant
to the Offer on or before
45
November 12, 2008 (the “Outside
Date”), which date may be extended to
February 12,
2009 upon written notice of
either Parent or the Company to the other party on or prior to the Outside Date, provided, however, that the right to terminate this
Agreement under this Section 9.01(b) shall not be available to any party whose
willful breach of a
representation or warranty in this Agreement or whose failure to fulfill any obligation under
this Agreement has been the cause of, or resulted in, the failure of Purchaser
or its permitted assignee to have purchased all Shares validly tendered and not
withdrawn pursuant to the Offer on or before the Outside Date;
or
(ii) if any Restraint preventing the
consummation of the Offer or the Merger shall be in effect and shall
have become final and
nonappealable and has the effect of making consummation of the Offer or the
Merger illegal or otherwise preventing or prohibiting consummation of the Offer
or the Merger; provided,
that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 9.01(b)(ii) shall
not be available to a party if the issuance of such final, nonappealable
Restraint was primarily due to or resulted from the failure of such party to
perform its obligations under this Agreement.
(c) By Parent or
Purchaser:
(i) if, prior to the purchase of Shares
pursuant to the Offer, a Material Adverse Effect occurs with respect to the
Company; or
(ii) if, prior to the purchase of Shares
pursuant to the Offer, there has occurred a material breach of or material
failure to perform any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the
part of the Company set forth in this Agreement, which breach or failure to
perform (A) would result in
any of the events set forth in clause (d) of Annex
A to occur and (B) is
either incurable or, if
curable, shall not have been cured prior to the earlier of twenty (20) days
following receipt by the Company of written notice from Parent of such breach or
failure to perform or the Outside Date, provided, that neither Parent nor
Purchaser shall have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this
Section 9.01(c)(ii) if Parent or Purchaser, as the case may be, is in breach of
this Agreement such that the Company would then have a right to terminate this
Agreement pursuant to Section 9.01(d)(i); or
(iii) if, prior to the purchase of Shares
pursuant to the Offer, the Board shall have (x) effected a Change in Board
Recommendation, (y) failed,
after receipt by the Company and public announcement of a Superior Proposal,
publicly to reaffirm its adoption and recommendation of this Agreement, the
Offer, the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement
within five (5) business days of receipt of a written request by Parent to
provide such reaffirmation, provided Parent has not made a proposal to the Board
pursuant to Section 7.05(d)(iii), in which event, this period shall be extended
by three (3) days, or (z)
resolved to do any of the foregoing;
(iv) due to a failure of the Tender Offer
Conditions to be satisfied at the Expiration Date, the Offer shall have expired
or been terminated without Purchaser having purchased any Shares pursuant
thereto; provided, that Parent or Purchaser shall not have the right to
terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 9.01(c)(iv) if Parent’s or
Purchaser’s breach of this Agreement was directly or indirectly the cause of, or
directly or indirectly resulted in, the
46
failure of any of the Tender Offer
Conditions to be satisfied or the failure of Purchaser to have accepted for
payment and promptly paid for all Shares tendered pursuant to the Offer;
or
(v) if any Restraint imposing a Burdensome
Condition shall be in effect.
(d) by the Company:
(i) if, prior to the purchase of Shares
pursuant to the Offer, there has occurred a material breach of or material
failure to perform any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the
part of Parent or Purchaser set forth in this Agreement, which breach or failure
to perform, if curable, shall not have been cured prior to the earlier of twenty
(20) days following receipt by Parent of written notice from the Company of such
breach or failure to perform or the Outside Date, provided, that the Company
shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section
9.01(d)(i) if the Company is then in breach of this Agreement such that Parent
would then have a right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section
9.01(c)(ii); or
(ii) upon approval of the Board, if Purchaser
shall have (A) failed to commence the Offer within ten (10) business days
following the date hereof, or (B) the Offer shall have expired or been
terminated
without
Purchaser having accepted
any or all of the Shares tendered for payment thereunder, unless such action or
inaction under (A) or (B) shall have been caused by or
directly or indirectly
resulted from the failure
of the Company to perform,
provided, that the Company shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement
pursuant to this Section 9.01(d)(ii) if the event referred to in this clause
directly or indirectly resulted from or was caused by the Company’s failure to
perform in any material respect any of its obligations under this Agreement or the failure of a condition set forth in
clause (d) of Annex
A.
(iii) prior to the purchase of
Shares pursuant
to the Offer, pursuant
to, and in accordance
with, the terms and conditions of Section
7.05(d) above and
provided, that, concurrently with such
termination the Company pays to Parent the Termination Fee and Deal Expenses
payable pursuant to Section 9.03(b).
SECTION
9.02 Effect of
Termination.
In the event of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 9.01, this
Agreement shall forthwith become void, and there shall be no liability on the
part of any party hereto or their respective officers or directors under this
Agreement, other than (a) the provisions of Section 4.21, the second and third
sentences of Section 7.04(a), this Section 9.02, Section 9.03 and Article X,
which provisions shall survive such termination, and (b) nothing herein shall
relieve or release any party from liability or damages arising out of fraud or
any willful or knowing breach hereof prior to the date of such termination;
provided, however, that the Confidentiality Agreement shall survive any
termination of this Agreement.
SECTION
9.03 Fees and
Expenses.
(a) Except as provided in clauses (b) and
(c) of this Section 9.03, all fees and expenses incurred in connection with this
Agreement, the Offer, the Merger and the other
47
transactions contemplated by this
Agreement, shall be paid by the party incurring such fees and expenses, whether
or not the Offer or the Merger is consummated, except that the filings fees and
expenses incurred in connection with the filing, printing, distribution and
mailing of the Offer Documents, the Schedule 14D-9 and the Proxy Statement shall
be shared equally by Parent and the Company.
(b) In the event that (i) this Agreement is
terminated by Parent pursuant to Section 9.01(c)(iii), (ii) this Agreement is
terminated by the Company pursuant to Section 9.01(d)(iii) or (iii)(A) an
Acquisition Proposal shall have been made to the Company or shall have been made
directly to the stockholders of the Company generally or shall have otherwise
become publicly known or any person shall have publicly announced an intention
(whether or not conditional) to make an Acquisition Proposal, (B) thereafter
this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 9.01(b)(i), Section
9.01(c)(iv), or Section 9.01(d)(ii) and (C) within 12 months after such
termination, the Company enters into any agreement to consummate, or
consummates, the transactions contemplated by any Acquisition Proposal
(regardless of whether such Acquisition Proposal is made before or after
termination of this Agreement), then the Company shall pay Parent a fee equal to
$5 million (the “Termination
Fee”) plus Deal Expenses of
up to $1 million, by wire transfer of same-day funds on the first business day
following (x) in the case of a payment required by clause (i) or (ii) above, the
date of termination of this Agreement, (y) in the case of a payment required by
clause (iii) above, the date of the first to occur of the events referred to in
clause (iii)(C) above and (z) the submission by Parent of a reasonably detailed
list of its Deal Expenses. “Deal Expenses” shall mean the cash amount necessary
to reimburse Parent and Purchaser on the one hand, and the Company on the other
hand, as applicable, and each of their respective affiliates for all reasonable out-of-pocket
fees and expenses (including the fees and expenses of counsel,
accountants, investment banking firms, experts, consultants or
financial advisors and their respective counsel and representatives) incurred at
any time (whether before or after the date of this Agreement) by any of them or
on their behalf in
connection with the Offer,
the Merger, this Agreement,
including the authorization, preparation, negotiation, execution, and performance thereof, their due diligence
investigation of the Company and the transactions contemplated
by this
Agreement.
(c) In addition to any other rights or
remedies available to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or applicable Law,
in the event that this Agreement is terminated by the Company pursuant to
Section 9.01(d)(i) or Section 9.01(d)(ii)(A), then the Parent shall pay the
Company its Deal Expenses of up to $1 million, by wire transfer of same day
funds on the first business day following the date of termination of this
Agreement and the submission by the Company of a reasonably detailed list of its
Deal Expenses.
(d) The Company and Parent acknowledge
and agree that the agreement contained in
Section 9.03(b) and Section 9.03(c) are an integral
part of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and that, without these agreements,
the parties would not enter into this Agreement; accordingly, if either party
fails promptly to pay any amounts due pursuant to Section 9.03(b) or 9.03(c) ,
and, in order to obtain such payment, a party commences a lawsuit that results
in a judgment against the other party for the Termination Fee and/or Deal
Expenses, as applicable, the party determined to owe the Termination Fee and/or
Deal Expenses, as applicable, shall pay to the other party its costs and
expenses (including attorneys’ fees and expenses) in connection with such suit, together with interest on the amount of the
Termination
48
Fee and/or Deal Expenses, as the case
may be, from the date such payment was required to
be made until the date of payment at the prime rate of Citibank, N.A., in effect
on the date such payment was required to be made, plus three percent
(3%).
SECTION
9.04 Amendment.
Subject to Section 7.03, this Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto by
action taken by or on behalf of their respective Boards of Directors, whether
before or after adoption of this Agreement by the stockholders of the Company,
at any time prior to the Effective Time; provided, however, that, after the
adoption and approval of this Agreement and the Transactions by the stockholders
of the Company, no amendment may be made that would reduce the amount or change
the type of consideration into which each Share shall be converted upon
consummation of the Merger or alter or change any of the terms and conditions of
this Agreement if any of such alterations or changes, alone or in the aggregate,
would be materially adverse to the stockholders of the Company, or if such
approval is otherwise required under applicable Law. This Agreement may not be
amended except by an instrument in writing signed by each of the parties
hereto.
SECTION
9.05 Waiver.
Subject to Section 7.03, at any time prior to the Effective Time, any party
hereto may (a) extend the time for the performance of any obligation or other
act of any other party hereto, (b) waive any inaccuracy in the representations
and warranties of any other party contained herein or in any document delivered
pursuant hereto and (c) waive compliance with any agreement of any other party
or any condition to its own obligations contained herein. Any such extension or
waiver shall be valid if set forth in an instrument in writing signed by the
party or parties to be bound thereby.
ARTICLE X
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
SECTION
10.01
Non-Survival
of Representations, Warranties and Agreements.
The representations, warranties and agreements in this Agreement shall terminate
at the Effective Time or upon the termination of this Agreement pursuant to
Section 9.01, as the case may be, except that the agreements set forth in
Articles III and X and Section 7.07 shall survive the Effective Time
indefinitely and those set forth in Sections 7.04(b) and 9.03 shall survive
termination indefinitely.
SECTION
10.02 Notices.
All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall
be in writing and shall be given (and shall be deemed to have been duly given
upon receipt) by delivery in person, by overnight courier, by facsimile or email
or by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested)
to the respective parties at the following addresses (or at such other address
for a party as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this
Section 10.02):
49
if
to Parent or Purchaser:
Comtech
Telecommunications Corp.
00
Xxxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxx 000
Xxxxxxxx,
XX 00000
Attention:
Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx
Telephone:
(000) 000-0000
E-mail:
xxxxxx.xxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxx.xxx
with
a copy to:
Skadden,
Arps, Slate, Xxxxxxx & Xxxx LLP
Xxxx
Xxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxx
Xxxx, XX 00000
Attention: Xxxxxxx
X. Xxxxxxx, Esq.
Telephone: (000)
000-0000
E-mail:
xxxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxx
if
to the Company:
Radyne
Corporation
0000
X. Xxxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx,
XX 00000
Attention:
Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx
Telephone:
(000) 000-0000
E-mail:
xxxxxxx@xxxx.xxx
with
a copy to:
DLA
Piper US LLP
0000
Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxx 000
Xxxxxxx,
XX 00000-0000
Attention: Xxxxxx
X. Xxxxxxx
Telephone: (000)
000-0000
E-mail:
xxxxxx.xxxxxxx@xxxxxxxx.xxx
SECTION
10.03 Severability.
If any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or
incapable of being enforced by any rule of law, or public policy, all other
conditions and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full
force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the Transactions
is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any party. Upon such
determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable
of being enforced, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify
this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as
possible in a mutually acceptable manner in order that the Transactions be
consummated as originally contemplated to the fullest extent
possible.
SECTION
10.04 Entire
Agreement; Assignment.
This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties with respect
to the subject matter hereof and supersedes,
50
except
as set forth in Section 7.04(b), all prior agreements and undertakings, both
written and oral, among the parties, or any of them, with respect to the subject
matter hereof. This Agreement shall not be assigned (whether pursuant to a
merger, by operation of law or otherwise), except that Parent and Purchaser may
assign all or any of their rights and obligations hereunder to any affiliate of
Parent, provided, that no such assignment shall relieve the assigning party of
its obligations hereunder if such assignee does not perform such
obligations.
SECTION
10.05 Parties in
Interest.
This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of each
party hereto, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to
or shall confer upon any other person any right, benefit or remedy of any nature
whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement, other than the provisions of
Sections 7.06 and 7.07 (which are intended to be for the benefit of the persons
covered thereby and may be enforced by such persons).
SECTION
10.06 Governing
Law; Specific Performance.
(a) This Agreement shall be governed by, and
construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware applicable to
contracts executed in and to be performed in that State. All actions and
proceedings arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be heard and
determined exclusively in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The
parties hereto hereby (i) submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of
Chancery for the State of Delaware for the purpose of any Action arising out of
or relating to this Agreement brought by any party hereto, and
(ii) irrevocably waive, and agree not to assert by way of motion, defense,
or otherwise, in any such Action, any claim that it is not subject personally to
the jurisdiction of the above-named court, that its property is exempt or immune
from attachment or execution, that the Action is brought in an inconvenient
forum, that the venue of the Action is improper, or that this Agreement or the
Transactions may not be enforced in or by any of the above-named
court.
(b) The parties agree that irreparable
damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement
were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise
breached. Accordingly, subject to the provisions of Section 9.03(b), which shall
be the exclusive right and remedy for the matters described therein provided the
Company has complied with the provisions of Section 7.05 and not otherwise
breached any covenant, representation or warranty or any other obligation or
agreement in this Agreement, the parties agree that the parties shall be
entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement
and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement in the
Chancery Court of the State of Delaware, without bond or other security being
required, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled
at Law or in equity. Parent and Purchaser agree and acknowledge that none of the
directors, officers or affiliates of the Company shall have any personal
liability hereunder, including, without limitation, for any breach of this
Agreement or inaccuracy of any representation or warranty.
SECTION
10.07 Waiver of
Jury Trial.
Each of the parties hereto hereby waives to the fullest extent permitted by
applicable Law any right it may have to a trial by jury with respect to any
litigation directly or indirectly arising out of, under or in connection with
this Agreement or the Transactions. Each of the parties hereto (a) certifies
that no representative, agent or attorney of any other party has represented,
expressly or otherwise, that such other party would
51
not,
in the event of litigation, seek to enforce that foregoing waiver and (b)
acknowledges that it and the other hereto have been induced to enter into this
Agreement and the Transactions, as applicable, by, among other things, the
mutual waivers and certifications in this Section 10.07.
SECTION
10.08 Headings.
The descriptive headings contained in this Agreement are included for
convenience of reference only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or
interpretation of this Agreement.
SECTION
10.09 Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed and delivered (including by facsimile
transmission) in one or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto
in separate counterparts, each of which when executed shall be deemed to be an
original but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same
agreement.
52
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, Parent, Purchaser and the Company have caused this Agreement to
be executed as of the date first written above by their respective officers
thereunto duly authorized.
COMTECH
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
|
|||
By
|
/s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx | ||
Title:
President and Chief Executive Officer
|
|||
COMTECH
TA CORP.
|
|||
By
|
/s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx | ||
Title:
Chief Executive Officer
|
|||
RADYNE
CORPORATION
|
|||
By
|
/s/ Xxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx | ||
Title:
Chief Executive Officer
|
|||
53
ANNEX A
Conditions to the
Offer
Capitalized
terms used in this Annex A and not
otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the
Agreement and Plan of Merger to which it is attached (the “Agreement”).
Notwithstanding
any other provision of the Offer or the Agreement, neither Parent nor Purchaser
shall be required to accept for payment or, subject to any applicable rules and
regulations of the SEC,
including Rule 14e-1(c) under the Exchange Act, pay for any Shares
tendered pursuant to the Offer, and, subject to the terms of the Agreement, and
only after complying with any obligation to extend any Expiration Date as set
forth in Section 2.01(b), may terminate or amend the Offer, if (i) there shall
not be validly tendered in the Offer and not properly withdrawn prior to the
Expiration Date that number of Shares which, together with the number of Shares,
if any, then owned by Parent and its direct and indirect wholly-owned
subsidiaries, constitutes at least a majority of the then outstanding Shares on
a Fully Diluted Basis (the “Minimum Condition”);
(ii) any applicable waiting period (and any extension thereof) applicable to the
Offer or the Merger under the HSR Act shall not have expired or shall not have
been terminated or any filings or approvals applicable to the Offer or the
Merger of the competent competition authority of any member state of the
European Union shall not have been made or obtained prior to the Expiration
Date; (iii) any Burdensome Condition shall have been imposed in connection with
obtaining any approvals or terminations described in clause (ii) of this
paragraph; or (iv) at any time on or after the date of this Agreement and prior
to the expiration of the Offer, any of the following events or conditions shall
occur and continue to exist:
(a) there shall have been instituted or be
pending any Action before
any Governmental Authority (i)(A) by any Governmental Authority that seeks to
impose a Burdensome Condition or (B) by a third party that is reasonably likely
to impose a Burdensome Condition; (ii) that is reasonably likely to impose
or confirm material limitations on the ability of Parent or Purchaser to
exercise effectively full rights of ownership of any Shares, including the right
to vote any Shares acquired by Purchaser pursuant to the Offer or
otherwise, on all matters properly presented to
the Company’s stockholders, including, without limitation, the adoption of this
Agreement and the approval of the Transactions; or (iii) that is reasonably likely to
restrain, enjoin or otherwise prohibit the making or consummation of the Offer
or the Merger or the Transactions contemplated by Article III of the
Agreement;
(b) there shall have been (x) any judgment, order or injunction
entered or issued by any Governmental Authority of competent jurisdiction
or (y) any applicable Law
promulgated, enacted, entered, enforced, issued or amended by any Governmental
Authority that would, or is reasonably likely, directly or indirectly, to
result in any of the
consequences referred to in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) of clause (a) above;
(c) (i) the Board, or any committee thereof,
shall have withdrawn or modified, in a manner adverse to Parent or Purchaser,
the approval or recommendation of the Offer, the Merger, the Agreement, or
approved or recommended any Acquisition Proposal or any
other
1
acquisition of Shares other than the
Offer and the Merger or
(ii) the Board, or any committee thereof, shall have resolved to do any of the
foregoing;
(d) (i) The Company shall not have performed
all obligations and complied with all covenants required by the Agreement to be
performed or complied with by it prior to the Expiration Date, in all material
respects, and such failure to perform or comply shall not have been cured prior
to the Expiration Date or (ii) the representations and warranties of the Company
contained in Article IV of the Agreement shall not be true and correct (without
regard to materiality or Material Adverse Effect qualifiers contained therein,
except in respect of Section 4.09(b) of the Agreement, where such qualifier
shall be taken into account without duplication) as of the date hereof and as of
the Expiration Date as if made at and as of such time (other than
representations and warranties made as of a specified date, which shall be true
and correct as of such specified date), except for where the failure to be so
true and correct has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect; provided, that the
warranties in Sections 4.03 and 4.04 shall be true and correct (taking into
account and giving effect to any materiality or Material Adverse Effect
qualifiers contained therein) as of the date hereof and as of the Expiration
Date in all but de minimis respects (other than such representations and
warranties made as of specified date, which shall be true and correct in all but
de minimis respects as of such specified date);
(e) a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company shall have occurred;
(f) the Agreement shall have been terminated
in accordance with its terms;
(g) Purchaser and the Company shall have
reached mutual agreement
to terminate the Offer or
postpone the acceptance for payment of Shares thereunder;
(h) the Company shall not have furnished
Parent with a certificate dated as of the date of determination signed on its
behalf by both its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to the
effect that the conditions set forth in items (d) or (e) of this Annex A shall
not have occurred and continue to exist; or
(i) Other than filings pursuant to the HSR
Act or filings or approvals of the competent competition authority of any member
state of the European Union, any material consent approval or authorization of
any Governmental Authority required of Parent, the Company or any of their
subsidiaries to consummate the Offer or the Merger shall not have been obtained
or shall have been obtained subject to a Burdensome
Condition.
Subject
to the terms and conditions of the Agreement, the foregoing conditions are for
the sole benefit of Parent and Purchaser and, subject to the terms and
conditions of the Agreement and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC,
may be waived by Parent or Purchaser, in whole or in part, at any time, at the
sole discretion of Parent or Purchaser. The failure by Parent or Purchaser at
any time to exercise any of the foregoing rights shall not be deemed a waiver of
any such right, the waiver of any such right with respect to particular facts
and circumstances shall not be deemed a waiver with respect to any other facts
and circumstances and each such right shall be deemed an ongoing right that may
be asserted at any time and from time to time.
2
EXHIBIT
A
Certificate of
Incorporation
CERTIFICATE
OF INCORPORATION
OF
COMTECH
TA CORP.
The
undersigned incorporator, in order to form a corporation under the General
Corporation Law of Delaware, certifies as follows:
FIRST: The
name of the corporation is:
COMTECH
TA CORP.
SECOND: The
registered office of the corporation is to be located at 0000 Xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxx
Xxxxx 000, Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, 00000, New Castle County. The name
of its registered agent at that address is Corporation Service
Company.
THIRD: The
purpose of the corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which
corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of
Delaware.
FOURTH: The
corporation shall have the authority to issue 1,000 shares of common stock, par
value $0.01 per share.
FIFTH: The
name and mailing address of the incorporator are as follows:
Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Esq.
c/o Proskauer Rose LLP
0000 Xxxxxxxx
Xxx Xxxx, Xxx Xxxx 00000
SIXTH: Whenever
a compromise or arrangement is proposed between the corporation and its
creditors or any class of them and/or between the corporation and its stock
holders or any class of them, any court of equitable jurisdiction within the
State of Delaware may, on the application in a summary way of the corporation or
of any creditor or stockholder thereof or on the application of any receiver or
receivers appointed for the corporation under the provisions of §291 of Title 8
of the Delaware Code or on the application of trustees in dissolution or of any
receiver or receivers appointed for the corporation under the provisions of §279
of Title 8 of the Delaware Code order a meeting of
A-1
the
creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of
stockholders of the corporation, as the case may be, to be summoned in such
manner as the said court directs. If a majority in number
representing three fourths in value of the creditors or class of
creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of the
corporation, as the case may be, agree to any compromise or arrangement and to
any reorganization of the corporation as a consequence of such compromise or
arrangement, the said compromise or arrangement and the said reorganization
shall, if sanctioned by the court to which the said application has been made,
be binding on all the creditors or class of creditors, and/or on all the
stockholders or class of stockholders, of the corporation, as the case may be,
and also on the corporation.
SEVENTH: A
director of this corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation
or its stockholders for monetary damages for the breach of any fiduciary duty as
a director, except in the case of (a) any breach of the director's duty of
loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (b) acts or omissions not in
good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law,
(c) under section 174 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or
(d) for any transaction from which the director derives an improper personal
benefit. Any repeal or modification of this Article by the
stockholders of the corporation shall not adversely affect any right or
protection of a director of the corporation existing at the time of such repeal
or modification with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such repeal
or modification.
EIGHTH: The
corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, as the same is now or
may hereafter be in effect, indemnify each person (including the heirs,
executors, administrators and other personal representatives of such person)
against expenses including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in
settlement, actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with
any threatened, pending or completed suit, action or proceeding (whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative in nature or otherwise) in which such
person may be involved by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director
or officer of the corporation or is or was serving any other incorporated or
unincorporated enterprise in such capacity at the request of the
corporation.
NINTH: Unless,
and except to the extent that, the by-laws of the corporation shall so require,
the election of directors of the corporation need not be by written
ballot.
TENTH: The
corporation hereby confers the power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws of the
corporation upon the directors.
A-2
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have
hereunto set my hand this 8th day of
May, 2008.
/s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx |
|
|
Xxxxxx
X. Xxxxxxx
|
||
Sole
Incorporator
|
A-3
EXHIBIT
B
Bylaws
BY-LAWS
OF
COMTECH
TA CORP.
1.
|
MEETINGS OF
STOCKHOLDERS.
|
1.1 Annual
Meeting. The
annual meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing directors and of
transacting such other business as may come before it shall be held each year at
such date, time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as
may be determined by the board of directors (the "Board").
1.2 Special
Meetings. Special meetings of the
stockholders may be held at any time upon call of the called by the Chairman of
the Board or by resolution of the Board or shall be called by the President or
Secretary upon the written request stating the purpose or purposes of the
meeting of a majority of the directors then in office or of the holders of a
majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. Only business
related to the purposes set forth in the notice of the meeting may be transacted
at a special meeting.
1.3 Place and
Time of Meetings. Meetings of the
stockholders may be held in or outside Delaware at the place and time specified
by the Board or the officers or stockholders requesting the
meeting.
1.4 Notice of
Meetings; Waiver of Notice. Written notice of each
meeting of stockholders shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at
the meeting, except that (a) it shall not be necessary to give notice to any
stockholder who submits a signed waiver of notice before or after the meeting,
and (b) no notice of an adjourned meeting need be given, except when required
under section 1.5 below or by law. Each notice of a meeting shall be
given, personally or by mail, not fewer than 10 nor more than 60 days before the
meeting and shall state the time and place of the meeting, and, unless it is the
annual meeting, shall state at whose direction or request the meeting is called
and the purposes for which it is called. If mailed, notice shall be
considered given when mailed to a stockholder at his address on the
corporation's records. The attendance of any stockholder at a
meeting, without protesting at the beginning of the meeting that the meeting is
not lawfully called or convened, shall constitute a waiver of notice by
him.
1.5 Quorum. At any meeting of
stockholders, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of
the shares entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of any
business. In the absence of a quorum, a majority in voting interest
of those present or, if no stockholders are present, any officer entitled to
preside at or to act as secretary of the meeting, may adjourn the meeting until
a quorum is present. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is
present, any action may be taken that might have been taken at the meeting
as
B-1
originally called. No notice
of an adjourned meeting need be given, if the time and place are announced at the meeting at which the
adjournment is taken, except that, if adjournment is for more than 30 days or
if, after the adjournment, a new record date is fixed for the meeting, notice of
the adjourned meeting shall be given pursuant to section
1.4.
1.6 Voting;
Proxies. Each
stockholder of record shall be entitled to one vote for each share registered in
his name. Corporate action to be taken by stockholder vote, other
than the election of directors, shall be authorized by a majority of the votes
cast at a meeting of stockholders, except as otherwise provided by law or by
section 1.8. Directors shall be elected in the manner provided in
section 2.1. Voting need not be by ballot, unless requested by a
majority of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting or ordered by the
chairman of the meeting. Each stockholder entitled to vote at any
meeting of stockholders or to express consent to or dissent from corporate
action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person to act for him
by proxy. No proxy shall be valid after three years from its date,
unless it provides otherwise.
1.7 List of
Stockholders. Not fewer than 10 days
prior to the date of any meeting of stockholders, the secretary of the
corporation shall prepare a complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at
the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in his name. For a
period of not fewer than 10 days prior to the meeting, the list shall be
available during ordinary business hours for inspection by any stockholder for
any purpose germane to the meeting. During this period, the list
shall be kept either (a) at a place within the city where the meeting is to be
held, if that place shall have been specified in the notice of the meeting, or
(b) if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be
held. The list shall also be available for inspection by stockholders
at the time and place of the meeting.
1.8 Action by
Consent Without a Meeting. Any action required or
permitted to be taken at any meeting of stockholders may be taken without a
meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing,
setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding
stock having not fewer than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary
to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to
vote thereon were present and voting. Prompt notice of the taking of
any such action shall be given to those stockholders who did not consent in
writing.
2.
|
BOARD OF
DIRECTORS.
|
2.1 Number,
Qualification, Election and Term of Directors. The business of the
corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of a Board of three (3)
directors. The number of directors may be changed by resolution of a
majority of the Board or by the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to
vote, but no decrease may shorten the term of any incumbent
director. Directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of
stockholders by a plurality of the votes cast and shall hold office until the
next annual meeting of stockholders and until the election and qualification of
their respective successors, subject to the provisions of section
2.9. As used in these by-laws, the term "entire Board" means the
total number of directors the corporation would have, if there were no vacancies
on the Board.
B-2
2.2 Quorum and
Manner of Acting. A majority of the entire
Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting,
except as provided in section 2.10. Action of the Board shall be
authorized by the vote of the majority of the directors present at the time of
the vote, if there is a quorum, unless otherwise provided by law or these
by-laws. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the directors
present may adjourn any meeting from time to time until a quorum is
present.
2.3 Place of
Meetings. Meetings of the Board may
be held in or outside Delaware.
2.4 Annual and
Regular Meetings. Annual meetings of the
Board, for the election of officers and consideration of other matters, shall be
held either (a) without notice immediately after the annual meeting of
stockholders and at the same place, or (b) as soon as practicable after the
annual meeting of stockholders, on notice as provided in section
2.6. Regular meetings of the Board may be held without notice at such
times and places as the Board determines. If the day fixed for a
regular meeting is a legal holiday, the meeting shall be held on the next
business day.
2.5 Special
Meetings. Special meetings of the
Board may be called by the chairman or by a majority of the
directors.
2.6 Notice of
Meetings; Waiver of Notice. Notice of the time and
place of each special meeting of the Board, and of each annual meeting not held
immediately after the annual meeting of stockholders and at the same place,
shall be given to each director by mailing it to him at his residence or usual
place of business at least three days before the meeting, or by delivering or
telephoning or telegraphing it to him at least two days before the
meeting. Notice of a special meeting also shall state the purpose or
purposes for which the meeting is called. Notice need not be given to
any director who submits a signed waiver of notice before or after the meeting
or who attends the meeting without protesting at the beginning of the meeting
the transaction of any business because the meeting was not lawfully called or
convened. Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be given, other
than by announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is
taken.
2.7 Board or
Committee Action Without a Meeting. Any action required or
permitted to be taken by the Board or by any committee of the Board may be taken
without a meeting, if all the members of the Board or the committee consent in
writing to the adoption of a resolution authorizing the action. The
resolution and the written consents by the members of the Board or the committee
shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board or the
committee.
2.8 Participation
in Board or Committee Meetings by Conference Telephone. Any or all members of the
Board or any committee of the Board may participate in a meeting of the Board or
the committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications
equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other
at the same time. Participation by such means shall constitute
presence in person at the meeting.
B-3
2.9 Resignation
and Removal of Directors. Any director may resign at
any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the chairman, president or
secretary of the corporation, to take effect at the time specified in the
resignation; the acceptance of a resignation, unless required by its terms,
shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any or all of the
directors may be removed at any time, either with or without cause, by vote of
the stockholders.
2.10 Vacancies. Any vacancy in the Board,
including one created by an increase in the number of directors, may be filled
for the unexpired term by a majority vote of the remaining directors, though
less than a quorum.
2.11 Compensation. Directors shall receive
such compensation as the Board determines, together with reimbursement of their
reasonable expenses in connection with the performance of their
duties. A director also may be paid for serving the corporation or
its affiliates or subsidiaries in other capacities.
3.
|
COMMITTEES.
|
3.1 Executive
Committee. The
Board, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may designate an
executive committee of one or more directors, which shall have all the powers
and authority of the Board, except as otherwise provided in the resolution,
section 141(c) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware or any other
applicable law. The members of the executive committee shall serve at
the pleasure of the Board. All action of the executive committee
shall be reported to the Board at its next meeting.
3.2 Other
Committees. The
Board, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may designate
other committees of one or more directors, which shall serve at the Board's
pleasure and have such powers and duties as the Board
determines.
3.3 Rules
Applicable to Committees. The Board may designate one
or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any
absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In
case of the absence or disqualification of any member of a committee, the member
or members present at a meeting of the committee and not disqualified, whether
or not a quorum, may unanimously appoint another director to act at the meeting
in place of the absent or disqualified member. All action of a
committee shall be reported to the Board at its next meeting. Each
committee shall adopt rules of procedure and shall meet as provided by those
rules or by resolutions of the Board.
4.
|
OFFICERS.
|
4.1 Number;
Security. The
executive officers of the corporation shall be the chairman, a chief executive
officer, a president, one or more vice presidents (including an executive vice
president, if the Board so determines), a secretary and a
treasurer. Any two or more offices may be held by the same
person. The board may require any officer, agent or employee to give
security for the faithful performance of his duties.
4.2 Election;
Term of Office. The executive officers of
the corporation shall be elected annually by the Board, and each such officer
shall hold office until the next annual
B-4
meeting of the Board and until the
election of his successor, subject to the provisions of section
4.4.
4.3 Subordinate
Officers. The
Board may appoint subordinate officers (including assistant secretaries and
assistant treasurers), agents or employees, each of whom shall hold office for
such period and have such powers and duties as the Board
determines. The Board may delegate to any executive officer or
committee the power to appoint and define the powers and duties of any
subordinate officers, agents or employees.
4.4 Resignation
and Removal of Officers. Any officer may resign at
any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the chairman, president or
secretary of the corporation, to take effect at the time specified in the
resignation; the acceptance of a resignation, unless required by its terms,
shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any officer elected or
appointed by the Board or appointed by an executive officer or by a committee
may be removed by the Board either with or without cause, and in the case of an
officer appointed by an executive officer or by a committee, by the officer or
committee that appointed him or by the chairman.
4.5 Vacancies. A vacancy in any office may
be filled for the unexpired term in the manner prescribed in sections 4.2 and
4.3 for election or appointment to the office.
4.6 The
Chairman. The
chairman shall preside over all meetings of the board at which he is present,
and shall have such other powers and duties as chairmen of the boards of
corporations usually have or the Board assigns to him.
4.7 The Chief
Executive Officer. Subject to the control of
the Board, the chief executive officer of the corporation shall manage and
direct the daily business and affairs of the corporation and shall communicate
to the Board and any Committee thereof reports, proposals and recommendations
for their respective consideration or action. He or she may do and
perform all acts on behalf of the Corporation and shall preside at all meetings
of the stockholders if present thereat, and in the absence of the chairman have
such powers and perform such duties as the Board or the chairman may from time
to time prescribe or as may be prescribed in these By-laws, and in the event of
the absence, incapacity or inability to act of the chairman, then the chief
executive officer shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the
chairman.
4.8 President. The president shall have
such powers and perform such duties as the Board or the chairman may from time
to time prescribe or as may be prescribed in these By-laws.
4.9 Vice
President. Each
vice president shall have such powers and duties as the Board or the chairman
assigns to him.
4.10 The
Treasurer. The
treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the corporation and shall be
in charge of the corporation's books and accounts. Subject to the
control of the Board, he shall have such other powers and duties as the Board or
the president assigns to him or her.
4.11 The
Secretary. The
secretary shall be the secretary of, and keep the minutes of, all meetings of
the Board and the stockholders, shall be responsible for giving
notice
B-5
of all meetings of stockholders and the
Board, and shall keep the seal and, when authorized by the Board, apply it to
any instrument requiring it. Subject to the control of the Board, he
or she shall have such powers and duties as the Board or the president assigns
to him or her. In the absence of the secretary from any meeting, the
minutes shall be kept by the person appointed for that purpose by the presiding
officer.
4.12 Salaries. The Board may fix the
officers salaries, if any, or it may authorize the chairman to fix the salary of
any other officer.
5.
|
SHARES.
|
5.1 Certificates. The corporation's shares
shall be represented by certificates in the form approved by the
Board. Each certificate shall be signed by the chairman, chief
executive officer, president or a vice president, and by the secretary or an
assistant secretary or the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, and shall be
sealed with the corporation's seal or a facsimile of the seal. Any or
all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile.
5.2 Transfers. Shares shall be
transferable only on the corporation's books, upon surrender of the certificate
for the shares, properly endorsed. The Board may require satisfactory
surety before issuing a new certificate to replace a certificate claimed to have
been lost or destroyed.
5.3 Determination
of Stockholders of Record. The Board may fix, in
advance, a date as the record date for the determination of stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of the stockholders, or to
express consent to or dissent from any proposal without a meeting, or to receive
payment of any dividend or the allotment of any rights, or for the purpose of
any other action. The record date may not be more than 60 or fewer
than 10 days before the date of the meeting or more than 60 days before any
other action.
6.
|
INDEMNIFICATION AND
INSURANCE.
|
6.1 Right to
Indemnification. Each person who was or is a
party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit
or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a
"proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person of whom he or
she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the
corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to
employee benefit plans, whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action
or inaction in an official capacity or in any other capacity while serving as
director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by
the corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law
of Delaware, as amended from time to time, against all costs, charges, expenses,
liabilities and losses (including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA
excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement)
reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith, and that
indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director,
officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his heirs,
executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in
section 6.2, the corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking
indemnification
B-6
in connection with a proceeding (or part
thereof) initiated by that person, only if that proceeding (or part thereof) was
authorized by the Board. The right to indemnification conferred in
these by-laws shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid
by the corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in
advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that, if the General
Corporation Law of Delaware, as amended from time to time, requires, the payment
of such expenses incurred by a director or officer in his capacity as a director
or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by
that person while a director or officer, including, without limitation, service
to an employee benefit plan) in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding
shall be made only upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking, by or on
behalf of such director or officer, to repay all amounts so advanced, if it
shall ultimately be determined that such director or officer is not entitled to
be indemnified under these by-laws or otherwise. The corporation may,
by action of its Board, provide indemnification to employees and agents of the
corporation with the same scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of
directors and officers.
6.2 Right of
Claimant to Bring Suit. If a claim under section
6.1 is not paid in full by the corporation within 30 days after a written claim
has been received by the corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter
bring suit against the corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim
and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant also shall be entitled to
be paid the expense of prosecuting that claim. It shall be a defense
to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses
incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition, where
the required undertaking, if any, is required and has been tendered to the
corporation) that the claimant has failed to meet a standard of conduct that
makes it permissible under Delaware law for the corporation to indemnify the
claimant for the amount claimed. Neither the failure of the
corporation (including its Board, its independent legal counsel or its
stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such
action that indemnification of the claimant is permissible in the circumstances
because he has met that standard of conduct, nor an actual determination by the
corporation (including its Board, its independent counsel or its stockholders)
that the claimant has not met that standard of conduct, shall be a defense to
the action or create a presumption that the claimant has failed to meet that
standard of conduct.
6.3 Non-Exclusivity
of Rights. The
right to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred in defending a
proceeding in advance of its final disposition conferred in this section 6 shall
not be exclusive of any other right any person may have or hereafter acquire
under any statute, provision of the certificate of incorporation, by-law,
agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or
otherwise.
6.4 Insurance. The corporation may
maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer,
employee or agent of the corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise against any such expense, liability or loss,
whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person
against that expense, liability or loss under Delaware law.
6.5 Expenses as
a Witness. To
the extent any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation is by
reason of such position, or a position with another entity at the request of the
corporation, a witness in any action, suit or proceeding, he or she shall
be
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indemnified against all costs and
expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him her or on his or her behalf in
connection therewith.
6.6 Indemnity
Agreements. The
corporation may enter into agreement with any director, officer, employee or
agent of the corporation providing for indemnification to the fullest extent
permitted by Delaware law.
7.
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MISCELLANEOUS.
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7.1 Seal. The Board shall adopt a
corporate seal, which shall be in the form of a circle and shall bear the
corporation's name and the year and state in which it was
incorporated.
7.2 Fiscal
Year. The Board
may determine the corporation's fiscal year. Until changed by the
Board, the last day of the corporation's fiscal year shall be July
31.
7.3 Voting of
Shares in Other Corporations. Shares in other
corporations held by the corporation may be represented and voted by an officer
of this corporation or by a proxy or proxies appointed by one of
them. The Board may, however, appoint some other person to vote the
shares.
7.4 Amendments. By-laws may be amended repealed or
adopted by the stockholders.
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