EXHIBIT 10.18
Air Liquide Canada
Equipment Purchase
and Service Agreement
[LOGO]
EQUIPMENT
PURCHASE AND SERVICE
AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
PHOENIX GAS SYSTEMS
0000 XXXXXX XXXXXX
XXXX XXXXX, XX
XXX 00000
AND
AIR LIQUIDE CANADA INC.
0000 XXXX-XXXXXXXX XXXX, X., XXXXX 0000
XXXXXXXX, XXXXXX
XXXXXX, X0X 0X0
DATE: JUNE 26, 1997
THIS AGREEMENT IS ATTACHED TO AND MADE PART OF ALC'S PURCHASE ORDER #101108
Revision 2 July 21, 1997
INDEX
APPENDIX "A" EQUIPMENT PURCHASE
1. Duration of Agreement
2. Description of Equipment
3. Requirements and performance of the Equipment
4. Spare Parts
5. Delivery/Schedule
6. Payment
7. Documentation
8. System Warranty
9. System Acceptance/Approval
APPENDIX "B" SUPPLEMENTAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. FOB/Carrier
2. Taxes
3. Billing
4. Liability and Indemnity
5. Insurance
6. Technical Assistance
7. Default
8. Notices
9. Waiver
10. Freedom to Contract
APPENDIX "A"
EQUIPMENT PURCHASE
1. DURATION OF AGREEMENT
This Agreement commences the date that Air Liquide Canada Inc.'s (the
Buyer) purchase order is issued and remains in force until completion and
acceptance of the equipment under terms of this Agreement.
2. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT
2.1 The equipment shall be furnished by the Seller as described in Seller's
proposal dated June 2, 1997 along with the completion of issues raised at
the Hazop meeting dated April 28 & 29, 1997.
2.2 All electrical equipment shall be 575 volts, 3 phases, 60 Hz; instruments
and controls in 120 volts, 1 phase, 60 Hz.
2.3 The equipment shall be registered in the province of Alberta, Canada.
2.4 Optional extended test expenses:
For three weeks (504 hours): $ 9 249 US.
If Buyer opts for extended test, the above expenses will be due upon
completion of test and delivery of test report to Buyer.
2.4.1 The extended test shall meet the requirements and performance as
defined in the Buyer's testing protocol entitled "Air Liquide
Acceptance Test for 500 scfh NG-A Unit" dated June 26, 1997.
2.4.2 Extended test duration may vary as per the Buyer's discretion.
Test expenses will be prorated according to the incurred test
duration.
2.4.3 Any and all results and documentation related to the extended
test shall be the shared property of the Buyer and Seller and
will not be disclosed to any outside or third party without the
written consent of both parties.
2.5 Equipment total cost: $130 000 US., F.O.B., ex-warehouse,
PGS's warehouse, Long Beach,
California, U.S.A..
3. REQUIREMENTS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE EQUIPMENT
3.1 The system shall meet the product specifications in the proposal to
Buyer dated March 31, 1997 ("required product specifications").
4. SPARE PARTS
4.1 The Seller shall provide the Buyer with complete lists of spare parts
and Suppliers involved.
5. DELIVERY/SCHEDULE
5.1 The system will be scheduled for delivery sixteen (16) weeks from
receipt of signed purchase order and 1st Payment, unless an Extended Test
according to the Buyer's testing protocol is opted for, in which case the
period of the Extended Test will be added to the scheduled sixteen (16)
weeks.
5.2 In the event Seller foresees or encounters difficulty in meeting the
delivery requirements, he shall immediately notify the Buyer in writing
giving pertinent details and a recovery schedule acceptable to the Buyer.
6. PAYMENT
6.1 Payment shall not constitute acceptance by the Buyer.
6.2 The total equipment cost is evaluated at $130 000 U.S., F.O.B.,
ex-warehouse, PGS's plant, Long Beach, California, U.S.A.
6.3 The Buyer shall pay all amounts due and payable as follows:
6.3.1 1st Payment:
40% of $130 000 U.S. at the time Purchase Order is placed.
6.3.2 2nd Payment:
40% of $130 000 U.S. to be paid upon notification of system
manufacture complete and ready for either Extended Test, when
applicable, or Standard Factory Acceptance Test.
6.3.3 Final Payment:
20% of $130 000 U.S. to be paid upon successful completion of a
Field Performance Test.
7. DOCUMENT
7.1 Seller shall provide to the Buyer after receiving the purchase order the
following:
7.1.1 P & ID drawings of the system;
7.1.2 Floor layout with detailed installation;
7.1.3 Detailed listing of equipment installed, together with manuals
containing all information for operating, servicing and repairs of
the system.
8. SYSTEM WARRANTY
8.1 The Seller Warranties the equipment as described on page 16 in the
proposal to the Buyer dated March 31, 1997.
8.2 The Seller agrees to replace at no cost to the Buyer, in-warranty items
found defective or non-compliant with Buyer's requirements.
9. SYSTEM ACCEPTANCE/APPROVAL
9.1 STANDARD FACTORY ACCEPTANCE TEST
A Standard Factory Acceptance Test will be conducted as follows:
9.1.1 The acceptance test will be conducted at the Seller's warehouse
in Long Beach, California upon completion of the equipment.
9.1.2 Buyer may elect to have representatives present during the test,
or not.
9.1.3 A series of data sets will be taken hourly over an eight hour
period.
9.1.4 The data collected will be:
Rate )
)
Pressure )-- of the product hydrogen
)
Purity )
9.1.5 The Seller will supply a gas chromatograph for the test. The
gas chromatograph will be calibrated before and after the test.
9.1.6 The hydrogen product rate, pressure and purity values will be
averaged and compared to the product specifications in the proposal
to Buyer dated March 31, 1997.
9.1.7 A report on the results of the test will be generated and given
to the Buyer.
9.1.8 The equipment will be deemed accepted if the averaged values are
equal to or better than the required product specifications.
9.1.9 Upon acceptance, title to the equipment shifts from Seller to
Buyer.
9.2 OPTIONAL EXTENDED TEST
An Extended Test may be substituted for the Standard Factory Acceptance
Test. The test procedures are outlined in the Buyer's testing protocol
dated June 26, 1997. All costs will be paid by Buyer. However, Seller
will credit the Buyer the cost of their Standard Factory Acceptance Test.
9.2.1 All results and documentation related to the extended test shall
be the shared property of the Buyer and Seller and will not be
disclosed to any outside or third party without the written
consent of both parties.
9.3 FIELD PERFORMANCE TEST
A Field Performance Test will be conducted as follows:
9.3.1 The performance test will be conducted at Buyer's site thirty
(30) days following installation and start-up of the system.
9.3.2 A series of data sets will be collected at thirty minute
intervals over a 12 hour period.
9.3.3 The data collected will be:
Rate -----)
)
Pressure )---- of the product hydrogen
)
Purity ---)
9.3.4 A gas chromatograph or other purity monitor will be supplied by
the Buyer for Seller's use during the test period. The gas
chromatograph or purity monitor will be calibrated before and
after the test.
9.3.5 The hydrogen product rate, pressure and purity values will be
averaged and compared to the product specifications in the
proposal to Buyer dated March 31, 1997.
9.3.6 The test will be deemed successful if the averaged values are
equal to or better than the required product specifications.
9.4 If the equipment does not meet or better said specifications, the Seller
agrees to revise, replace or recondition the equipment to correct the
unsatisfactory performance, at the Seller's own expense. If Seller is
unable to cure unsatisfactory performance within 30 days of Field
Performance Test, final payment will be adjusted in proportion to the
percent deviation from the required specifications. If performance is
below 15% of the required specifications, Buyer at its sole discretion
may elect to return the equipment, with Seller paying shipping, and all
equipment cost monies will be returned to Buyer, unless the reason for
unsatisfactory performance is due to Buyer site limitations or
conditions.
APPENDIX "B"
SUPPLEMENTAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. TERMS OF PAYMENT/SHIPMENT
(a) Delivery shall be F.O.B. (ex-warehouse) Seller's shipping dock, Long
Beach, California on or before the date specified for delivery. Risk of
loss passes to Buyer upon tender of delivery.
(b) Seller shall select the specific carrier and routing and arrange for
shipment in accordance with Buyer's instructions and schedule as set
forth in Buyer's order. Seller shall not be liable for any losses
incurred by Buyer due to selection of a specific carrier by Buyer or
Seller. Buyer shall pay all freight costs directly to the carrier.
(c) Seller's obligation to deliver the Equipment or any portion thereof
shall be conditioned upon Buyer's performing all its obligations under
this Section 1, making arrangements for payment or making payments as
required by Section 6.5 of Appendix "A" hereof, providing, at Seller's
request, satisfactory security for performance by Buyer of its
obligations under this Agreement, and delivering to Seller within thirty
(30) days of Seller's notifying Buyer that the Equipment will be
delivered any licenses which the U.S. government may require for the
export of the Equipment will be delivered any licenses which the U.S.
government may require for the export of the Equipment, and such
licenses shall be in full force and effect at the time of delivery.
Seller shall also be relieved of its obligations to deliver the
Equipment if such Equipment suffers total casualty before delivery to
Buyer.
(d) If Buyer does not take over the Equipment or a portion thereof when
tendered, without prejudice to its right to the price of the Equipment,
Seller may, for the account of Buyer, retain possession of the Equipment
or such portion thereof tendered to Buyer and sell the same at such time
and place as Seller determines is appropriate. Buyer agrees that ten
(10) days' notice shall be reasonable notice of such a sale. Seller
may deduct all costs of transport, storage and sale of such goods from
the proceeds received from any such sale before crediting such proceeds
against any portion of the price that remains unpaid.
2. TAXES
(a) Seller's prices are exclusive of sales, use, excise and similar
taxes; shipping and consular fees for legalizing invoices, stamping
bills of lading or other documents required by the laws of the country
of destination; income, stamp, turnover and other taxes, duties, fees,
charges and assessments of any nature levied by any governmental
authority outside of the United States in connection with the sale, use
or deliver of the Equipment whether imposed on Seller or Buyer, all of
which ("Taxes") are the sole responsibility of Buyer.
(b) Any Tax, which Seller has the duty to collect, will appear as a
separate item on the invoice and will be paid by Buyer. If Buyer is
exempt form a Tax, Buyer shall furnish to Seller a certificate of
exemption from the applicable taxing authority.
3. BILLING
All billing for the Buyer shall be centralized and addressed to: 0000
Xxxx-Xxxxxxxx Xxxx. X., Xxxxx 0000, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, X0X 0X0,
to the attention of Xxxxx XxXxx.
4. LIABILITY AND INDEMNITY
4.1 Subject to the limitation contained in section 8, the Seller will be
responsible for and will indemnify the Buyer from and against any and all
direct claims and demands, loss or damage to property or persons, at any
time caused by or resulting from its negligence, its acts or omissions
or those of its agents and employees;
4.2 Regardless of the circumstances, neither party will be liable to the
other for special, indirect or consequential damages howsoever occurring.
5. INSURANCE
The Seller shall provide proof of insurance certifying that it is
insured for comprehensive liability and contractual liability in an
amount of one million dollars, US ($1 000 000 US). Buyer will pay
for all costs and expenses for any additional insurance that Buyer
requires Seller to have for the duration of this agreement.
6. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Should Buyer require advisory services of a technical nature which the
Seller is in a position to provide, then the parties shall agree on the
nature of such assistance, with the acknowledgment that the Buyer does
not hold itself out as being an expert in Seller's processes or business.
7. DEFAULT
Should either party take the benefit of or become subject to any
provision of the bankruptcy or insolvency legislation, the other party
will have the right, by written notice, to terminate this Agreement
forthwith. Such termination right will also apply, in addition to other
rights a party may have at law, if within 15 days from having been
notified by one party the other has failed to remedy a monetary or any
other material default.
8. NOTICES
Any notices given in connection with this Agreement will be sent or
delivered in writing at the address shown above, (i) in the case of
Buyer, to the attention of the Purchasing Management, and (ii) in the
case of Seller, to the attention of the General Manager. Notice will be
deemed given on the day on which it is sent by prepaid mail or fax, or
hand delivered, to the receiving party.
9. WAIVER
The waiver by either party of any of its rights under this Agreement
will not be construed as constituting precedent.
10. FREEDOM TO CONTRACT
Buyer represents that it is and will remain free to meet all obligations
under this Agreement and is not bound by a conflicting agreement. Buyer
will fully indemnify Seller against all damages it may suffer if Buyer's
representation is not correct.
11. VISITATION
Seller and its designated agent may, from time to time, upon approval
from Buyer, visit the premises upon which Buyer installs the Equipment.
12. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
The acceptance of any Equipment shall not confer on Buyer a license
under any patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret or other proprietary
rights of Seller.
Buyer shall not permit any direct or indirect subsidiaries of it to,
directly or indirectly contravene or infringe upon any UOB-TM- patents.
13. TERMINATION
Buyer may terminate this Agreement at any time for reasons of
convenience upon thirty (30) days' prior written notice; provided,
however, that (i) the price of the Equipment shall be prorated on a
daily basis from the Effective Date until the date specified for
delivery, (ii) Buyer shall pay Seller a prorated portion of the price
payable under this Agreement up to and including the date of
termination, plus any costs or charges incurred by Seller due to such
termination, (iii) any amounts prepaid by Buyer to Seller in excess of
the amounts payable by Buyer hereunder shall be returned to the Buyer,
and (iv) title to all Equipment shall remain in or revert to Seller, as
the case may be.
14. ASSIGNMENT
Neither part may assign or otherwise transfer its rights or obligations
hereunder without the prior written consent of the other party. Any
attempt to assign or transfer in violation of this provision shall be
invalid.
This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon the
parties and their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors
and permitted assigns.
CONFIDENTIAL
------------
AIR LIQUIDE ACCEPTANCE TEST FOR 500 SCFH NG-A UNIT
1.0 OBJECTIVE
The objective of the test is to demonstrate the automatic operation of the PGS
500 SCFH integrated hydrogen generation system. The objectives of the test is
to demonstrate and ascertain the following:
1. Demonstrate continuous operations of the integrated UOB/PSA system in
HBT's shop location prior to acceptance for demonstration in a field
location by AIR LIQUIDE.
2. Demonstrate safe system operation.
3. Monitor hydrogen purity over the test period and complete a necessary
hydrogen balance on the system.
4. The utility consumption rates including Natural Gas, Air and
injection water.
5. Product output and provide confidence that the integrated UOB/PSA
system is able to produce the hydrogen product specified in the
proposal to Buyer dated March 31, 1997 continuously during the test
period.
6. Demonstrate the turndown capability of the integrated UOB/PSA system
and the safety factor of production capacity over the guaranteed
design flow rate of 500 scfh product hydrogen flow.
7. Monitor the carbon deposition before and after the acceptance test.
8. Monitor the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide levels in the hydrogen
product stream at periodic test intervals during the test to ensure
levels are below the specification levels in the proposal to Buyer
dated March 31, 1997.
2.0 TEST PROCEDURE
The test engineer will perform a pre-test safety check. Once the pre-test check
has been completed the unit will be brought on line.
The main burner sequence will start automatically once the shift outlet
temperature reaches the permissive set point. The system will then be allowed
to run automatically at 100% of design capacity (500 scfh product flow) and the
product gas will be flared. The gas analysis of the UOB reactor, and shift
outlet will be performed to provide gas data.
The test shall be run for a total test run period of 504 hours with three test
periods as follows:
Startup 2 hours (start and get to steady state)
Test Period 1 300 hours 100% of product flow design (500 scfh)
Test Period 2 100 hours 60% of product flow design (300 scfh)
Test Period 3 100 hours 100%+ of product flow design (500 scfh+)
1
Shutdown 2 hours
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Test 504 hours
Test Period 1 - The unit will then operate continuously at steady state at 100%
of design capacity (500 scfh) for the first 300 hours of continuous operation,
using HBT's equipment.
Test Period 2 - Once test period one (1) is complete the unit shall be turned
down on-line to 60% of product flow while ensuring that product hydrogen purity
specified in the proposal to Buyer dated March 31, 1997, is maintained to
demonstrate purity maintenance during periods of low product flow requirements.
Once the flow reaches 60% of design product flow (300 scfh) the unit shall be
operated at steady state for the duration of Test Period 2.
Test Period 3 - Once test period two (2) is complete the unit shall be ramped up
on-line to 100%+ of product flow (to the maximum flow the unit can run at while
maintaining the product hydrogen purity specified in the proposal to Buyer dated
March 31, 1997) to demonstrate the ability of the unit to produce the specified
purity hydrogen over the guaranteed design flow rate. Once the flow reaches
this maximum flow rate (100%+), the unit shall be operated at steady state for
the duration of Test Period 3.
Once the system test has been completed the unit will be shut down. The unit
will then go through a cooling purge and will automatically shut down the
systems.
3.0 DATA COLLECTION
3.1 PRE-TEST CHECK
Prior to the start-up of the system, PGS personnel shall open the UOB, CO shift
converter and carbon filter (where carbon deposition may occur) and shall ensure
that NO carbon is present prior to the test. PGS personnel shall take the
necessary photographs of the system components to provide knowledge of the
cleanliness of the vessels prior to start-up.
3.2 CONTINUOUS AND PERIODIC DATA COLLECTION/MONITORING
Data shall be collected at a regular intervals by assigned PGS personnel. Any
and all upset conditions, shut-downs or start-ups (along with documented causes
of failure) or operating observations shall be logged along with the time of
the event.
Shut-downs due to a loss of utilities or other events that do not reflect upon
the reliability of the equipment will not constitute a re-start of any test
period. Any such events, though, shall be logged and explained.
The following data points shall be logged during the acceptance test.
1.0 GC data
1.1 UOB Outlet AE-xxx 003-P
1.2 SHIFT Outlet AE-223 004-P
2
CONFIDENTIAL
1.3 H(2) PSA Product Gas Stream AE-310 005-P
- THE TEST POINT INTERVALS MAY VARY DUE TO THE LAG TIME REQUIRED
TO PROPERLY PURGE THE GC SAMPLE LINES.
- GC SAMPLES WILL BE TAKEN EVERY 60 MIN FOR THE INITIAL EIGHT
HOUR PERIOD AND EVERY TWO HOURS (FOR A MINIMUM OF 5 SAMPLES PER
DAY) DURING BUSINESS HOURS THEREAFTER.
- GC SAMPLES SHALL BE TESTED BY PGS PERSONNEL FOR ALL COMPONENTS
AS PER APPENDIX 3.
2.0 Temperatures
2.1 Burner Lower temp. TE-132;P&ID 003-P
2.2 Burner Center temp. TE-122;P&ID 003-P
2.3 Burner Top temp TE-140;P&ID 003-P
2.4 UOB Outlet temp TE-112;P&ID 003-P
2.5 Shift Inlet temp TE-250;P&ID 004-P
2.6 Shift Outlet temp TE-213;P&ID 004-P
2.7 Product Gas temp. TE-218;P&ID 004-P
2.8 Natural Gas Fuel temp. TE-010;P&ID 002-P
3.0 Pressure
3.1 Air Pressure X0-000 X&XX 002-P
3.2 Natural Gas Pressure P1-Local P&ID 003-P
3.3 Raw Product Pressure Upstream of PSA PT-222 P&ID 004-P
3.4 Hydrogen Product Pressure PT-Local P&ID 005-P
4.0 Utility Consumption (Flow)
4.1 Natural Gas FIT-131 003-P
4.2 Air FIT-102 003-P
4.3 Water FI-145 003-P
5.0 Product Flow
5.1 Hydrogen Product Rotameter 005-P
6.0 Ambient Conditions
6.1 Temperature Local dry bulb
3.3 INDEPENDENT OUTSIDE LAB SAMPLE MONITORING
PGS personnel shall send GC data samples to an independent outside lab for
testing of all components as per the GC Data Log Sheet in Appendix 3. This
test is required to verify the validity of the sample data analysis provided
by PGS personnel with its GC testing, verify calibration of equipment and
identify sampling or equipment error. PGS shall send out at least 2 samples
from each test period (once the unit is at steady state in all cases) to the
outside lab for testing, one at the start of the test period and one at the
end of the test period. An additional
3
sample shall be sent out for independent testing during test period 1 at the
mid-point of the test period ( at 150 hour point ).
3.4 END OF TEST CHECK
Once the test is complete, the unit is shutdown and safe to open, PGS
personnel shall open the UOB, CO shift converter and carbon filter (where
carbon deposition may occur) and shall check the level of carbon deposition
present. PGS personnel shall take the necessary photographs of the system
components to provide knowledge of deposition of the vessels. Air Liquide
personnel shall be present at the end of the test to witness the opening of
the equipment and review of the carbon deposition.
4.0 DOCUMENTATION TO BE PROVIDED TO AIR LIQUIDE BY PGS
The following documentation shall be provided to Air Liquide upon completion
of the test:
All GC log data sheets and test sheets as formatted in Appendix 3A and 3B.
Output data (in diskette form) of all temperature/pressure/flow computer
monitoring points.
All analysis data received from the independent lab of samples analyzed.
All other observed data/causes of failure.
5.0 CRITERIA FOR ACCEPTANCE BY BUYER
The following is the criteria for acceptance of this test as a basis to
continue with its purchase of a 500 NG-A unit.
1. System maintains hydrogen product purity, as specified in the proposal to
Buyer dated March 31, 1997, 100% of the time during the test periods, except
for initial startup.
2. No accumulation of carbon that can be shown to impede the performance of
the equipment.
3. Utility/Feed Consumption is at +/- 10% of the of the specifications in the
proposal to Buyer dated March 31, 1997 when operating at the 500 scfh design
flowrate.
4. The unit must be able to produce the 500 scfh hydrogen product flow for
100% of test period one.
6.0 TEST CRITERIA/SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION
- Appendix 1 Heat and Material balance
- Appendix 2 presents P & IDs diagramming test data point locations.
- Appendix 3A & 3B represents the GC data log sheets and test data.
- Appendix 4 represents correction factors and equations used for
correcting flow data collected.
4
CONFIDENTIAL
APPENDIX 1 - HEAT AND MATERIAL XXXXXXX
0
XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX 0 - X&X DIAGRAMS
6
CONFIDENTIAL
APPENDIX 3A - GC LOG DATA SHEET
Date Unit
Name Run#
Code: NNnXXaXX XX = Run Number
NN = Unit # a = location of sample-a:UOB, b:Shift, c:PSA
n = c, calibation or r, run XX = Sample number
GC Run # Time H2 O2 N2 CH4 CO CO2 Comment
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CONFIDENTIAL
APPENDIX 3B - TEST DATA
Date: Run Number Ambient Temperature:
------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
Time: Ambient Pressure
------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
Test Engr: Xxxxxxx
Test Set-up Description:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
POINTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
------------------------------------------------------
Run Time,hr
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Water Flow GPH
------------------------------------------------------
NG Flow, Display
------------------------------------------------------
AIR Flow, Display
------------------------------------------------------
Supply Air Ro: Read
------------------------------------------------------
Product reading
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Burner Lower, Temp F
------------------------------------------------------
Burner Cen. Temp, F
------------------------------------------------------
Burner Top, Temp F
------------------------------------------------------
UOB Outlet, Temp F
------------------------------------------------------
Shift In, F
------------------------------------------------------
Shift Out, F
------------------------------------------------------
Product Temp, F
------------------------------------------------------
NG Feed Temp F
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Air in PSIG
------------------------------------------------------
NG in PSIG
------------------------------------------------------
Product press. PSIG
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Comments
------------------------------------------------------
8
CONFIDENTIAL
APPENDIX 4 - CALIBRATION CURVES
Included in this appendix are ventor supplied flow meter calibration curves
as well as temperature and pressure correction equations.
The correction equations to be used for the gas rotameters have been
extracted from the Dryer catalog and are shown below. This flow correction
method is used for:
- Product Gas
The correction used for pressure variations is as follows:
__________________
( (P + 14.696)
Q = Q ( inlet
ACTUAL1 observed square root of( -----------------
( 14.696
The correction for specific gravity needs to be applied to the equation for
gases other than air.
______________
(
Q = Q ( 1
ACTUAL actual1 square root of( -------------
( SpecificGravit
9
