JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

        The undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Schedule 13G to
which this Agreement is attached.

                Dated:  January 26, 2005

                                ARTISAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                                for itself and as general partner of
                                ARTISAN PARTNERS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

                                By: Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx*
                                    --------------------------------------------

                                XXXXXX X. XXXXXXX

                                Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx*
                                ------------------------------------------------

                                XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX

                                Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx*
                                ------------------------------------------------


                               *By: /s/ Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx
                                    --------------------------------------------
                                    Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx
                                    Chief Financial Officer of Artisan
                                    Investment Corporation
                                    Attorney-in-Fact for Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                                    Attorney-in-Fact for Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx

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