GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT dated as of April 28, 2009, among WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., THE SUBSIDIARIES OF WOLVERINE TUBE, INC. IDENTIFIED HEREIN and as Collateral Agent

Exhibit 10.16

EXECUTION VERSION

GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT

dated as of

April 28, 2009,

among

WOLVERINE TUBE, INC.,

THE SUBSIDIARIES OF WOLVERINE TUBE, INC.

IDENTIFIED HEREIN

and

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,

as Collateral Agent

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARTICLE I

Definitions
SECTION 1.01. Indenture	5
SECTION 1.02. Other Defined Terms	5

ARTICLE II

Guarantee

SECTION 2.01. Guarantee	10
SECTION 2.02. Guarantee of Payment	10
SECTION 2.03. No Limitations	10
SECTION 2.04. Reinstatement	11
SECTION 2.05. Agreement To Pay; Subrogation	11
SECTION 2.06. Information	12

ARTICLE III

Pledge of Securities

SECTION 3.01. Pledge	12
SECTION 3.02. Delivery of the Pledged Collateral	13
SECTION 3.03. Representations, Warranties and Covenants	13
SECTION 3.04. Certification of Limited Liability Company and Limited Partnership Interests	14
SECTION 3.05. Registration in Nominee Name; Denominations	15
SECTION 3.06. Voting Rights; Dividends and Interest	15

ARTICLE IV

Security Interests in Personal Property

SECTION 4.01. Security Interest	17
SECTION 4.02. Representations and Warranties	18
SECTION 4.03. Covenants	20
SECTION 4.04. Other Actions	23
SECTION 4.05. Covenants Regarding Patent, Trademark and Copyright Collateral	26

ARTICLE V

Remedies

SECTION 5.01. Remedies Upon Default	28
SECTION 5.02. Application of Proceeds	29
SECTION 5.03. Grant of License to Use Intellectual Property	30
SECTION 5.04. Securities Act	30
SECTION 5.05. Registration	31
ARTICLE VI

Indemnity, Subrogation and Subordination

SECTION 6.01. Indemnity and Subrogation	31
SECTION 6.02. Contribution and Subrogation	31
SECTION 6.03. Subordination	32

ARTICLE VII

Miscellaneous

SECTION 7.01. Notices	32
SECTION 7.02. Waivers; Amendment	32
SECTION 7.03. Collateral Agent’s Fees and Expenses; Indemnification	33
SECTION 7.04. Successors and Assigns	34
SECTION 7.05. Survival of Agreement	34
SECTION 7.06. Counterparts; Effectiveness; Several Agreement	34
SECTION 7.07. Severability	34
SECTION 7.08. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Consent to Service of Process	35
SECTION 7.09. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL	35
SECTION 7.10. Headings	36
SECTION 7.11. Security Interest Absolute	36
SECTION 7.12. Termination or Release	36
SECTION 7.13. Additional Subsidiaries	36
SECTION 7.14. Collateral Agent Appointed Attorney-in-Fact	37
SECTION 7.15. Entire Agreement	37

SCHEDULES:

Schedule I	Subsidiary Parties
Schedule II	Pledged Stock; Debt Securities
Schedule III	Intellectual Property
Schedule IV	Insurance Requirements

EXHIBITS:

Exhibit I	ABA Model Form of Deposit Account Control Agreement
Exhibit II	Form of Supplement

Schedule I to

the Guarantee and

Collateral Agreement

GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of April 28, 2009, among WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), the subsidiaries of the Company identified herein (the “Subsidiaries” and, each, a “Subsidiary”) and U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION (“U.S. Bank”), as Collateral Agent (in such capacity, the “Collateral Agent”).

Reference is made to the Indenture, dated as of April __, 2009 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Indenture”), among the Company, the Subsidiaries and U.S. Bank as trustee and collateral agent. The Company has agreed to issue the Notes subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Indenture, including, among other things, the execution and delivery of this Agreement. The Subsidiary Parties (as defined below) are affiliates of the Company, will derive substantial benefits from the issuance of the Notes pursuant to the Indenture and are willing to execute and deliver this Agreement in order to support the issuance of the Notes. Accordingly, the parties hereto agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

Definitions

SECTION 1.01. Indenture. (a) Capitalized terms used in this Agreement and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings specified in the Indenture. All terms defined in the New York UCC (as defined herein) and not defined in this Agreement have the meanings specified therein. The term “instrument” shall have the meaning specified in Article 9 of the New York UCC.

(a) The rules of construction specified in Section 1.04 of the Indenture also apply to this Agreement.

SECTION 1.02. Other Defined Terms. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings specified below:

“Account Debtor” means any Person who is or who may become obligated to any Grantor under, with respect to or on account of an account.

“Article 9 Collateral” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 4.01.

“CFC Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that is a “controlled foreign corporation” within the meaning of Section 957 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“CFC” means a controlled foreign corporation (as that term is defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended).

“Collateral” means Article 9 Collateral and Pledged Collateral.

“Copyright License” means any written agreement, now or hereafter in effect, granting any right to any third party under any copyright now or hereafter owned by any Grantor or that such Grantor otherwise has the right to license, or granting any right to any Grantor under any copyright now or hereafter owned by any third party, and all rights of such Grantor under any such agreement.

“Copyrights” means all of the following now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor: (a) all copyright rights in any work subject to the copyright laws of the United States or any other country, whether as author, assignee, transferee or otherwise, and (b) all registrations and applications for registration of any such copyright in the United States or any other country, including registrations, recordings, supplemental registrations and pending applications for registration in the United States Copyright Office, including those listed on Schedule III.

“Equity Interests” means shares of capital stock, partnership interests, membership interests in a limited liability company, beneficial interests in a trust or other equity ownership interests in a Person, and any warrants, options or other rights entitling the holder thereof to purchase or acquire any such equity interest.

“Excluded Property” shall mean and include all of the following assets and properties of any Indenture Party:

(i) equipment that is subject to any “purchase money security interests,” as such term is now or hereafter defined in the Uniform Commercial Code, or a capital lease, which in either case (x) constitutes a Lien permitted under the Indenture and (y) prohibits the creation by such Indenture Party of a junior security interest therein, unless the holder thereof has consented to the creation of such junior security interest;

(ii) any contract or instrument in which any Indenture Party has any right, title or interest if and to the extent such contract or instrument includes a provision containing a restriction on assignment such that the creation of a security interest in the right, title or interest of such Indenture Party therein would be prohibited and would, in and of itself, cause or result in a default thereunder enabling another person party to such contract or instrument to enforce any remedy with respect thereto; provided, however, that the foregoing exclusion shall not apply if (i) such prohibition has been waived or such other Person has otherwise consented to the creation hereunder of a security interest in such contract or instrument, or (ii) such prohibition would be rendered ineffective pursuant to Section 9-318(4) of the Uniform Commercial Code or Sections 9-407(a) or 9-408(a) of the Uniform Commercial Code, as applicable and as then in effect in any relevant jurisdiction, or any other applicable law (including applicable bankruptcy and insolvency law) or principles of equity; provided further that immediately upon the ineffectiveness, lapse or termination of any such provision, the term “Collateral” shall include, and each such Indenture Party shall be deemed to have granted a security interest in, all its rights, title and interests in and to such contract or instrument as if such provision had never been in effect; and provided further that the foregoing exclusion shall in no way be construed so as to limit, impair or otherwise affect the Collateral Agent’s unconditional continuing security interest in and to all rights, title and interests of each such Indenture Party in or to any payment obligations or other rights to receive monies due or to become due under any such contract or instrument and in any such monies and other proceeds of such contract or instrument;

(iii)

the Equity Interests referred to in Section 3.01(a)(i) and (ii);

(iv) Equity Interests of any CFC, solely to the extent that (y) such Equity Interests represents more than 65% of the total outstanding Voting Stock of any first tier Subsidiary of an Indenture Party that is a CFC or any of the outstanding Equity Interests of any Subsidiary of such CFC and (z) hypothecating more than 65% of the total outstanding Voting Stock of such CFC would result in material adverse tax consequences;

(v) any Equity Interests or assets of any Unrestricted Subsidiary;

(vi) any assets with respect to which the burden or cost of obtaining or perfecting a security interest or Lien sufficiently outweighs the benefit to the Secured Parties, as set forth in an Officers’ Certificate delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms of the Indenture;

(vii) any application to register any trademark, service ▇▇▇▇ or other ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ to the filing under applicable law of a verified statement of use (or the equivalent) for such trademark, service ▇▇▇▇ or other ▇▇▇▇ to the extent the creation of a security interest therein or the grant of a mortgage thereon would void or invalidate such trademark, service ▇▇▇▇ or other ▇▇▇▇); or

(viii) any deposit account maintained to fund taxes, payroll obligations and/or employee benefit plans (including medical or insurance reimbursement accounts) or any deposit account which has an average monthly balance of less than $250,000.

“Federal Securities Laws” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.04.

“General Intangibles” means all “General Intangibles” as defined in the New York UCC, including all choses in action and causes of action and all other intangible personal property of every kind and nature (other than accounts) now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor, including all rights and interests in partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability companies and other unincorporated entities, corporate or other business records, indemnification claims, contract rights (including rights under leases, whether entered into as lessor or lessee, Interest Rate Agreements, Commodity Agreements, Natural Gas Agreements, Currency Agreements and other agreements), Intellectual Property, goodwill, registrations, franchises, tax refund claims and any letter of credit, guarantee, claim, security interest or other security held by or granted to any Grantor to secure payment by an Account Debtor of any of the accounts.

“Grantors” means the Company and the Subsidiary Parties.

“Guarantors” means the Subsidiary Parties.

“Indenture” has the meaning assigned to such term in the preliminary statement of this Agreement.

“Indenture Documents” means the Indenture, the Notes and the Collateral Agreements.

“Indenture Parties” means the Company and the Subsidiaries.

“Intellectual Property” means all intellectual and similar property of every kind and nature now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor, including inventions, designs, Patents, Copyrights, Licenses, Trademarks, trade secrets, confidential or proprietary technical and business information, know-how, show-how or other data or information, software and databases and all embodiments or fixations thereof and related documentation, registrations and franchises, and all additions, improvements and accessions to, and books and records describing or used in connection with, any of the foregoing.

“License” means any Patent License, Trademark License, Copyright License or other license or sublicense agreement to which any Grantor is a party, including those listed on Schedule III.

“New York UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as from time to time in effect in the State of New York.

“Obligations” means (a) the due and punctual payment by the Company of (i) the principal of and interest (including interest accruing during the pendency of any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other similar proceeding, regardless of whether allowed or allowable in such proceeding) on the Notes, when and as due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, upon one or more dates set for prepayment or otherwise and (ii) all other monetary obligations of the Company to any of the Secured Parties under the Indenture and each of the other Indenture Documents, including obligations to pay fees, expense reimbursement obligations and indemnification obligations, whether primary, secondary, direct, contingent, fixed or otherwise (including monetary obligations incurred during the pendency of any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other similar proceeding, regardless of whether allowed or allowable in such proceeding), (b) the due and punctual performance of all other obligations of the Company under or pursuant to the Indenture and each of the other Indenture Documents and (c) the due and punctual payment and performance of all the obligations of each Subsidiary under or pursuant to this Agreement and each of the other Indenture Documents.

“Patent License” means any written agreement, now or hereafter in effect, granting to any third party any right to make, use or sell any invention on which a patent, now or hereafter owned by any Grantor or that any Grantor otherwise has the right to license, is in existence, or granting to any Grantor any right to make, use or sell any invention on which a patent, now or hereafter owned by any third party, is in existence, and all rights of any Grantor under any such agreement.

“Patents” means all of the following now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor: (a) all letters patent of the United States or the equivalent thereof in any other country, all registrations and recordings thereof, and all applications for letters patent of the United States or the equivalent thereof in any other country, including registrations, recordings and pending applications in the United States Patent and Trademark Office or any similar offices in any other country, including those listed on Schedule III and (b) all reissues, continuations, divisions, continuations-in-part, renewals or extensions thereof, and the inventions disclosed or claimed therein, including the right to make, use and/or sell the inventions disclosed or claimed therein.

“Pledged Collateral” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.01.

“Pledged Debt Securities” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.01.

“Pledged Securities” means any promissory notes, stock certificates or other securities now or hereafter included in the Pledged Collateral, including all certificates, instruments or other documents representing or evidencing any Pledged Collateral.

“Pledged Stock” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.01.

“Proceeds” has the meaning specified in Section 9-102 of the New York UCC.

“Secured Parties” means (a) the Noteholders, (b) the Trustee, (c) the Collateral Agent, (d) the beneficiaries of each indemnification obligation undertaken by any Indenture Party under any Indenture Document, including without limitation the Trustee, and (e) the permitted successors and assigns of each of the foregoing.

“Security Interest” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 4.01.

“Subsidiary Parties” means (a) the Subsidiaries identified on Schedule I and (b) each other Subsidiary that becomes a party to this Agreement as a Subsidiary Party after the date hereof.

“Trademark License” means any written agreement, now or hereafter in effect, granting to any third party any right to use any trademark now or hereafter owned by any Grantor or that any Grantor otherwise has the right to license, or granting to any Grantor any right to use any trademark now or hereafter owned by any third party, and all rights of any Grantor under any such agreement.

“Trademarks” means all of the following now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor: (a) all trademarks, service marks, trade names, corporate names, company names, business names, fictitious business names, trade styles, trade dress, logos, other source or business identifiers, designs and general intangibles of like nature, now existing or hereafter adopted or acquired, all registrations and recordings thereof, and all registration and recording applications filed in connection therewith, including registrations and registration applications in the United States Patent and Trademark Office or any similar offices in any State of the United States or any other country or any political subdivision thereof, and all extensions or renewals thereof, including those listed on Schedule III, (b) all goodwill associated therewith or symbolized thereby and (c) all other assets, rights and interests that uniquely reflect or embody such goodwill.

ARTICLE II

Guarantee

SECTION 2.01. Guarantee. Each Guarantor unconditionally guarantees, jointly with the other Guarantors and severally, as a primary obligor and not merely as a surety, the due and punctual payment and performance of the Obligations. Each of the Guarantors further agrees that the Obligations may be extended or renewed, in whole or in part, without notice to or further assent from it, and that it will remain bound upon its guarantee notwithstanding any extension or renewal of any Obligation. Each of the Guarantors waives presentment to, demand of payment from and protest to the Company or any other Indenture Party of any of the Obligations, and also waives notice of acceptance of its guarantee and notice of protest for nonpayment.

SECTION 2.02. Guarantee of Payment. Each of the Guarantors further agrees that its guarantee hereunder constitutes a guarantee of payment when due and not of collection, and waives any right to require that any resort be had by the Collateral Agent or any other Secured Party to any security held for the payment of the Obligations or to any balance of any deposit account or credit on the books of the Collateral Agent or any other Secured Party in favor of the Company or any other Person.

SECTION 2.03. No Limitations. (a) Except for termination of a Guarantor’s obligations hereunder as expressly provided in Section 7.13, the obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall not be subject to any reduction, limitation, impairment or termination for any reason, including any claim of waiver, release, surrender, alteration or compromise, and shall not be subject to any defense or set-off, counterclaim, recoupment or termination whatsoever by reason of the invalidity, illegality or unenforceability of the Obligations or otherwise. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the obligations of each Guarantor hereunder shall not be discharged or impaired or otherwise affected by (i) the failure of the Collateral Agent or any other Secured Party to assert any claim or demand or to enforce any right or remedy under the provisions of any Indenture Document or otherwise; (ii) any rescission, waiver, amendment or modification of, or any release from any of the terms or provisions of, any Indenture Document or any other agreement, including with respect to any other Guarantor under this Agreement; (iii) the release of any security held by the Collateral Agent or any other Secured Party for the Obligations or any of them; (iv) any default, failure or delay, willful or otherwise, in the performance of the Obligations; or (v) any other act or omission that may or might in any manner or to any extent vary the risk of any Guarantor or otherwise operate as a discharge of any Guarantor as a matter of law or equity (other than the indefeasible payment in full in cash of all the Obligations). Each Guarantor expressly authorizes the Collateral Agent to take and hold security for the payment and performance of the Obligations, to exchange, waive or release any or all such security (with or without consideration), to enforce or apply such security and direct the order and manner of any sale thereof in its sole discretion or to release or substitute any one or more other guarantors or obligors upon or in respect of the Obligations, all without affecting the obligations of any Guarantor hereunder.

(b) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, each Guarantor waives any defense based on or arising out of any defense of the Company or any Indenture Party or the unenforceability of the Obligations or any part thereof from any cause, or the cessation from any cause of the liability of the Company or any other Indenture Party, other than the indefeasible payment in full in cash of all the Obligations. The Collateral Agent and the other Secured Parties may, at their election, foreclose on any security held by one or more of them by one or more judicial or nonjudicial sales, accept an assignment of any such security in lieu of foreclosure, compromise or adjust any part of the Obligations, make any other accommodation with the Company or any other Indenture Party or exercise any other right or remedy available to them against the Company or any other Indenture Party, without affecting or impairing in any way the liability of any Guarantor hereunder, except to the extent the Obligations have been fully and indefeasibly paid in full in cash. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, each Guarantor waives any defense arising out of any such election even though such election operates, pursuant to applicable law, to impair or to extinguish any right of reimbursement or subrogation or other right or remedy of such Guarantor against the Company or any other Indenture Party, as the case may be, or any security.

SECTION 2.04. Reinstatement. Each of the Guarantors agrees that its guarantee hereunder shall continue to be effective or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time payment, or any part thereof, of any Obligation is rescinded or must otherwise be restored by the Collateral Agent or any other Secured Party upon the bankruptcy or reorganization of the Company, any other Indenture Party or otherwise.

SECTION 2.05. Agreement To Pay; Subrogation. In furtherance of the foregoing and not in limitation of any other right that the Collateral Agent or any other Secured Party has at law or in equity against any Guarantor by virtue hereof, upon the failure of the Company or any other Indenture Party to pay any Obligation when and as the same shall become due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, after notice of prepayment or otherwise, each Guarantor hereby promises to and will forthwith pay, or cause to be paid, to the Collateral Agent for distribution to the applicable Secured Parties in cash the amount of such unpaid Obligation. Upon payment by any Guarantor of any sums to the Collateral Agent as provided above, all rights of such Guarantor against the Company or any other Indenture Party arising as a result thereof by way of right of subrogation, contribution, reimbursement, indemnity or otherwise shall in all respects be subject to Article VI.

SECTION 2.06. Information. Each Guarantor assumes all responsibility for being and keeping itself informed of the Company’s and each other Indenture Party’s financial condition and assets, and of all other circumstances bearing upon the risk of nonpayment of the Obligations and the nature, scope and extent of the risks that such Guarantor assumes and incurs hereunder, and agrees that none of the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties will have any duty to advise such Guarantor of information known to it or any of them regarding such circumstances or risks.

ARTICLE III

Pledge of Securities

SECTION 3.01. Pledge. As security for the payment or performance, as the case may be, in full of the Obligations, each Grantor hereby assigns and pledges to the Collateral Agent, its successors and assigns, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, and hereby grants to the Collateral Agent, its successors and assigns, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest in, all of such Grantor’s right, title and interest in, to and under (a) the shares of capital stock and other Equity Interests owned by it, including but not limited to those listed on Schedule II and any other Equity Interests obtained in the future by such Grantor and the certificates, if any, representing all such Equity Interests (the “Pledged Stock”); provided, that the Pledged Stock shall not include (i) Equity Interests of Wolverine China Investments LLC, or (ii) Equity Interests of any Person of which the Indenture Parties individually or in the aggregate do not own in excess of 50% of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of such Person and the pledge or other Lien upon such Equity Interest is prohibited pursuant to a bona fide agreement with any such Person; (b)(i) the debt securities listed opposite the name of such Grantor on Schedule II, (ii) any debt securities in the future issued to such Grantor and (iii) the promissory notes and any other instruments evidencing such debt securities (the “Pledged Debt Securities”); (c) all other property that may be delivered to and held by the Collateral Agent pursuant to the terms of this Section 3.01; (d) subject to Section 3.06, all payments of principal or interest, dividends, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of, in exchange for or upon the conversion of, and all other Proceeds received in respect of, the securities referred to in clauses (a) and (b) above; (e) subject to Section 3.06, all rights and privileges of such Grantor with respect to the securities and other property referred to in clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) above; and (f) all Proceeds of any of the foregoing (the items referred to in clauses (a) through (f) above being collectively referred to as the “Pledged Collateral”).

TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the Pledged Collateral, together with all right, title, interest, powers, privileges and preferences pertaining or incidental thereto, unto the Collateral Agent, its successors and assigns, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, forever; subject, however, to the terms, covenants and conditions hereinafter set forth (including Section 7.13).

SECTION 3.02. Delivery of the Pledged Collateral. (a) Each Grantor agrees promptly to deliver or cause to be delivered to the Collateral Agent any and all certificated Pledged Securities.

(b) Each Grantor will cause any Indebtedness for borrowed money owed to such Grantor by any Person (other than any Subsidiary Parties) in an amount in excess of $250,000 to be evidenced by a duly executed promissory note that is pledged and delivered to the Collateral Agent pursuant to the terms hereof.

(c) Upon delivery to the Collateral Agent, (i) any Pledged Securities shall be accompanied by stock powers duly executed in blank or other instruments of transfer reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent and by such other instruments and documents as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request and (ii) all other property comprising part of the Pledged Collateral shall be accompanied by proper instruments of assignment duly executed by the applicable Grantor and such other instruments or documents as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request, including as reasonably requested by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes. Each delivery of Pledged Securities shall be accompanied by a schedule describing the securities, which schedule shall be attached hereto as Schedule II and made a part hereof; provided, that failure to attach any such schedule hereto shall not affect the validity of such pledge of such Pledged Securities. Each schedule so delivered shall supplement any prior schedules so delivered.

SECTION 3.03. Representations, Warranties and Covenants. The Grantors jointly and severally represent, warrant and covenant to and with the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, that:

(a) Schedule II correctly sets forth the percentage of the issued and outstanding units of each class of the Equity Interests of the issuer thereof represented by such Pledged Stock;

(b) the Pledged Stock and Pledged Debt Securities have been duly and validly authorized and issued by the issuers thereof and (i) in the case of Pledged Stock, are fully paid and nonassessable, and (ii) in the case of Pledged Debt Securities, are legal, valid and binding obligations of the issuers thereof;

(c) except for the security interests granted hereunder, each of the Grantors (i) is and, subject to any transfers made in compliance with the Indenture, will continue to be the direct owner, beneficially and of record, of the Pledged Securities indicated on Schedule II as owned by such Grantor, (ii) holds the same free and clear of all Liens, other than Liens created by this Agreement, Liens permitted under the Indenture and transfers made in compliance with the Indenture, (iii) will make no assignment, pledge, hypothecation or transfer of, or create or permit to exist any security interest in or other Lien on, the Pledged Collateral, other than Liens created by this Agreement, Liens permitted under the Indenture and transfers made in compliance with the Indenture and (iv) will defend its title or interest thereto or therein against any and all Liens (other than the Lien created by this Agreement and Liens permitted under the Indenture), however arising, of all Persons whomsoever;

(d) except for restrictions and limitations imposed by the Indenture Documents or securities laws generally, the Pledged Collateral is and will continue to be freely transferable and assignable, and none of the Pledged Collateral (other than Pledged Collateral representing less than all of the Equity Interests of a Person) is or will be subject to any option, right of first refusal, shareholders agreement, charter or by-law provisions or contractual restriction of any nature that might prohibit, impair, delay or otherwise affect the pledge of such Pledged Collateral hereunder, the sale or disposition thereof pursuant hereto or the exercise by the Collateral Agent of rights and remedies hereunder;

(e) each of the Grantors has the requisite power and authority to pledge the Pledged Collateral pledged by it hereunder in the manner hereby done or contemplated;

(f) no consent or approval of any Governmental Authority, any securities exchange or any other Person was or is necessary to the validity of the pledge of the Pledged Collateral effected hereby (other than such as have been obtained and are in full force and effect and except with respect to Pledged Collateral in the form of Equity Interests in joint ventures);

(g) by virtue of the execution and delivery by the Grantors of this Agreement, when any Pledged Securities are delivered to the Collateral Agent in accordance with this Agreement, the Collateral Agent will obtain a legal, valid and perfected first priority lien upon and security interest in such Pledged Securities as security for the payment and performance of the Obligations;

(h) the pledge effected hereby is effective to vest in the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, the rights of the Collateral Agent in the Pledged Collateral as set forth herein; and

(i) each of the Grantors received adequate consideration in exchange for entering into this Agreement.

SECTION 3.04. Certification of Limited Liability Company and Limited Partnership Interests. On the date hereof, no Equity Interest in any limited liability company or limited partnership controlled by any Grantor and pledged hereunder (the “Existing LLC/Partnership Interests”) is represented by a certificate. Each Grantor agrees that (a) if any Existing LLC/Partnership Interest controlled by such Grantor shall become represented by a certificate, it shall cause such certificate to be promptly delivered to the Collateral Agent and shall cause the applicable limited liability company or partnership agreement to be amended so as to treat the Equity Interest represented by such certificate as a “security” within the meaning of Article 8 of the UCC and to provide that such security shall be governed by Article 8 of the UCC and (b) each interest in any limited liability company or partnership acquired by such Grantor after the date hereof shall be represented by a certificate (which shall be promptly delivered to the Collateral Agent after such Grantor’s acquisition thereof), shall be a “security” within the meaning of Article 8 of the UCC and shall be governed by Article 8 of the UCC.

SECTION 3.05. Registration in Nominee Name; Denominations. The Collateral Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, shall hold the Pledged Securities in the name of the applicable Grantor, endorsed or assigned in blank or in favor of the Collateral Agent, but following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default shall have the right (in its sole and absolute discretion) to hold the Pledged Securities in its own name as pledgee, or in the name of its nominee (as pledgee or as sub-agent). Each Grantor will promptly give to the Collateral Agent copies of any material notices or other communications received by it with respect to Pledged Securities registered in the name of such Grantor. The Collateral Agent shall promptly deliver such material notices or other communications to the Trustee, who shall mail such notices or communications to each Holder within 90 days following the receipt of such notice or communications. The Collateral Agent shall at all times have the right to exchange the certificates representing Pledged Securities for certificates of smaller or larger denominations for any reasonable purpose consistent with this Agreement.

SECTION 3.06. Voting Rights; Dividends and Interest. (a) Unless and until an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and the Collateral Agent shall have notified the Grantors that their rights under this Section 3.06 are being suspended (which notice shall be deemed to have been given immediately upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Company under Section 6.01(7) and Section 6.01(8) of the Indenture):

(i) Each Grantor shall be entitled to exercise any and all voting and/or other consensual rights and powers inuring to an owner of Pledged Securities or any part thereof for any purpose consistent with the terms of this Agreement, the Indenture and the other Indenture Documents; provided, that such rights and powers shall not be exercised in any manner that could reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect the rights inuring to a holder of any Pledged Securities or the rights and remedies of any of the Collateral Agent or the other Secured Parties under this Agreement or the Indenture or any other Indenture Documents or the ability of the Secured Parties to exercise the same.

(ii) The Collateral Agent shall promptly execute and deliver to each Grantor, or cause to be executed and delivered to such Grantor, all such proxies, powers of attorney and other instruments as such Grantor may reasonably request for the purpose of enabling such Grantor to exercise the voting and/or consensual rights and powers it is entitled to exercise pursuant to subparagraph (i) above.

(iii) Each Grantor shall be entitled to receive and retain any and all dividends, interest, principal and other distributions paid on or distributed in respect of the Pledged Securities to the extent and only to the extent that such dividends, interest, principal and other distributions are permitted by, and otherwise paid or distributed in accordance with, the terms and conditions of the Indenture, the other Indenture Documents and applicable laws; provided, that any noncash dividends, interest, principal or other distributions that would constitute Pledged Stock or Pledged Debt Securities, whether resulting from a subdivision, combination or reclassification of the outstanding Equity Interests of the issuer of any Pledged Securities or received in exchange for Pledged Securities or any part thereof, or in redemption thereof, or as a result of any merger, consolidation, acquisition or other exchange of assets to which such issuer may be a party or otherwise, shall be and become part of the Pledged Collateral, and, if received by any Grantor, shall not be commingled by such Grantor with any of its other funds or property but shall be held separate and apart therefrom, shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent and shall be forthwith delivered to the Collateral Agent in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement).

(b) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, after the Collateral Agent shall have notified (or shall be deemed to have notified) the Grantors of the suspension of their rights under paragraph (a)(iii) of this Section 3.06, then all rights of any Grantor to dividends, interest, principal or other distributions that such Grantor is authorized to receive pursuant to paragraph (a)(iii) of this Section 3.06 shall cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Collateral Agent, which shall have the sole and exclusive right and authority to receive and retain such dividends, interest, principal or other distributions. All dividends, interest, principal or other distributions received by any Grantor contrary to the provisions of this Section 3.06 shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Collateral Agent, shall be segregated from other property or funds of such Grantor and shall be forthwith delivered to the Collateral Agent upon demand in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement). Any and all money and other property paid over to or received by the Collateral Agent pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph (b) shall be retained by the Collateral Agent in an account to be established by the Collateral Agent upon receipt of such money or other property and shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.02. After all Events of Default have been cured or waived and the Company has delivered to the Collateral Agent a certificate to that effect, the Collateral Agent shall promptly repay to each Grantor (without interest) all dividends, interest, principal or other distributions that such Grantor would otherwise be permitted to retain pursuant to the terms of paragraph (a)(iii) of this Section 3.06 and that remain in such account.

(c) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, after the Collateral Agent shall have notified (or shall be deemed to have notified) the Grantors of the suspension of their rights under paragraph (a)(i) of this Section 3.06, then all rights of any Grantor to exercise the voting and consensual rights and powers it is entitled to exercise pursuant to paragraph (a)(i) of this Section 3.06, and the obligations of the Collateral Agent under paragraph (a)(ii) of this Section 3.06, shall cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Collateral Agent, which shall have the sole and exclusive right and authority to exercise such voting and consensual rights and powers; provided, that the Collateral Agent shall have the right from time to time following and during the continuance of an Event of Default to permit the Grantors to exercise such rights.

(d) Any notice given by the Collateral Agent to the Grantors suspending the Grantors’ rights under paragraph (a) of this Section 3.06 (i) may be given by telephone if promptly confirmed in writing, (ii) may be given to one or more of the Grantors at the same or different times and (iii) may suspend the rights of the Grantors under paragraph (a)(i) or paragraph (a)(iii) in part without suspending all such rights (as specified by the Collateral Agent in its sole and absolute discretion) and without waiving or otherwise affecting the Collateral Agent’s rights to give additional notices from time to time suspending other rights so long as an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.

ARTICLE IV

Security Interests in Personal Property

SECTION 4.01. Security Interest. (a) As security for the payment or performance, as the case may be, in full of the Obligations, each Grantor hereby assigns and pledges to the Collateral Agent, its successors and assigns, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, and hereby grants to the Collateral Agent, its successors and assigns, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, a security interest (the “Security Interest”) in, all right, title or interest in or to any and all of the following assets and properties now owned or at any time hereafter acquired by such Grantor or in which such Grantor now has or at any time in the future may acquire any right, title or interest (collectively, the “Article 9 Collateral”):

(i)

all accounts;

(ii)

all chattel paper;

(iii)

all cash and deposit accounts;

(iv)

all documents;

(v)

all equipment;

(vi)

all General Intangibles;

(vii)

all instruments;

(viii)

all inventory;

(ix)

all investment property;

(x)

all letter-of-credit rights;

(xi)

all commercial tort claims;

(xii)

all books and records pertaining to the Article 9 Collateral; and

(xiii) to the extent not otherwise included, all Proceeds and products of any and all of the foregoing and all collateral security and guarantees given by any Person with respect to any of the foregoing.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Article 9 Collateral shall not include the Excluded Property.

(b) Each Grantor hereby irrevocably authorizes the Collateral Agent at any time and from time to time to file in any relevant jurisdiction any initial financing statements (including fixture filings) with respect to the Article 9 Collateral or any part thereof and amendments thereto that (i) indicate the Collateral as all assets of such Grantor or words of similar effect and (ii) contain the information required by Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code of each applicable jurisdiction for the filing of any financing statement or amendment, including (A) whether such Grantor is an organization, the type of organization and any organizational identification number issued to such Grantor and (B) in the case of a financing statement filed as a fixture filing, a sufficient description of the real property to which such Article 9 Collateral relates. Each Grantor agrees to provide such information to the Collateral Agent promptly upon request.

Each Grantor also ratifies its authorization for the Collateral Agent to file in any relevant jurisdiction any initial financing statements or amendments thereto if filed prior to the date hereof.

The Collateral Agent is further authorized to file with the United States Patent and Trademark Office or United States Copyright Office (or any successor office or any similar office in any other country) such documents as may be necessary or advisable for the purpose of perfecting, confirming, continuing, enforcing or protecting the Security Interest granted by each Grantor, without the signature of any Grantor, and naming any Grantor or the Grantors as debtors and the Collateral Agent as secured party. The foregoing rights of the Collateral Agent shall not be construed as a duty of the Collateral Agent, it being expressly understood and agreed that the Grantors shall bear the responsibility of all such filings.

(c) The Security Interest is granted as security only and shall not subject the Collateral Agent or any other Secured Party to, or in any way alter or modify, any obligation or liability of any Grantor with respect to or arising out of the Article 9 Collateral.

SECTION 4.02. Representations and Warranties. The Grantors jointly and severally represent and warrant to the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties, subject to the last paragraph of this Section 4.02, that:

(a) Each Grantor has good and valid rights in and title to the Article 9 Collateral with respect to which it has purported to grant a Security Interest hereunder and has full power and authority to grant to the Collateral Agent the Security Interest in such Article 9 Collateral pursuant hereto and to execute, deliver and perform its obligations in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, without the consent or approval of any other Person other than any consent or approval that has been obtained.

(b) Uniform Commercial Code financing statements (including fixture filings, as applicable) or other appropriate filings, recordings or registrations containing a description of the Article 9 Collateral prepared by the Collateral Agent based upon the information provided to the Collateral Agent by the Indenture Parties are all the filings, recordings and registrations (other than filings required to be made in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the United States Copyright Office in order to perfect the Security Interest in Article 9 Collateral consisting of Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights) that are necessary to publish notice of and protect the validity of and to establish a legal, valid and perfected security interest in favor of the Collateral Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) in respect of all Article 9 Collateral in which the Security Interest may be perfected by filing, recording or registration in the United States (or any political subdivision thereof) and its territories and possessions, and no further or subsequent filing, refiling, recording, rerecording, registration or reregistration is necessary in any such jurisdiction, except as provided under applicable law with respect to the filing of continuation statements. Each Grantor represents and warrants that a fully executed agreement in the form hereof (or a fully executed short-form agreement as reasonably determined by the Indenture Parties) and containing a description of all Article 9 Collateral consisting of Intellectual Property with respect to United States Patents (and Patents for which United States registration applications are pending), United States registered Trademarks (and Trademarks for which United States registration applications are pending) and United States registered Copyrights (and all pending registrations therefor) has been delivered to the Collateral Agent for recording by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the United States Copyright Office pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 261, 15 U.S.C. § 1060 or 17 U.S.C. § 205 and the regulations thereunder, as applicable, to protect the validity of and to establish a legal, valid and perfected security interest in favor of the Collateral Agent (for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties) in respect of all Article 9 Collateral consisting of Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights in which a security interest may be perfected by filing, recording or registration in the United States (or any political subdivision thereof) and its territories and possessions, and no further or subsequent filing, refiling, recording, rerecording, registration or reregistration is necessary (other than such actions as are necessary to perfect the Security Interest with respect to any Article 9 Collateral consisting of Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights (or registration or application for registration thereof) acquired or developed after the date hereof).

(c) The Security Interest constitutes (i) a legal and valid security interest in all the Article 9 Collateral securing the payment and performance of the Obligations, (ii) subject to the filings described in Section 4.02(b), a perfected security interest in all Article 9 Collateral in which a security interest may be perfected by filing, recording or registering a financing statement or analogous document in the United States (or any political subdivision thereof) and its territories and possessions pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code and (iii) a security interest that shall be perfected in all Article 9 Collateral in which a security interest may be perfected upon the receipt and recording of this Agreement (or the short-form agreement referenced in paragraph (b) above) with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the United States Copyright Office, as applicable, within the three-month period (commencing as of the date hereof) pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 261 or 15 U.S.C. § 1060 or the one month period (commencing as of the date hereof) pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 205. The Security Interest is and shall be prior to any other Lien on any of the Article 9 Collateral, other than Liens expressly permitted to be prior to the Security Interest pursuant to Section 6.02 of the Indenture.

(d) The Article 9 Collateral is owned by the Grantors free and clear of any Lien, except for Liens expressly permitted pursuant to Section 4.11 of the Indenture. None of the Grantors has filed or consented to the filing of (i) any financing statement or analogous document under the Uniform Commercial Code or any other applicable laws covering any Article 9 Collateral, (ii) any assignment in which any Grantor assigns any Collateral or any security agreement or similar instrument covering any Article 9 Collateral with the United States Patent and Trademark Office or the United States Copyright Office or (iii) any assignment in which any Grantor assigns any Article 9 Collateral or any security agreement or similar instrument covering any Article 9 Collateral with any foreign governmental, municipal or other office, which financing statement or analogous document, assignment, security agreement or similar instrument is still in effect, except, in each case, for Liens expressly permitted pursuant to Section 4.11 of the Indenture.

SECTION 4.03. Covenants. (a) Each Grantor agrees promptly to notify the Collateral Agent in writing of any change (i) in corporate name, (ii) in the location of its chief executive office, its principal place of business, any office in which it maintains books or records relating to Article 9 Collateral owned by it or any office or facility at which Article 9 Collateral owned by it is located (including the establishment of any such new office or facility), (iii) in its identity or type of organization or corporate structure, (iv) in its Federal Taxpayer Identification Number or organizational identification number or (v) in its jurisdiction of organization. Each Grantor agrees to promptly provide the Collateral Agent with certified organizational documents reflecting any of the changes described in the first sentence of this paragraph. Each Grantor agrees not to effect or permit any change referred to in the preceding sentence unless all filings have been made under the Uniform Commercial Code or otherwise that are required in order for the Collateral Agent to continue at all times following such change to have a valid, legal and perfected first priority security interest in all the Article 9 Collateral to the same extent as existed immediately prior to such change.

(b) Each Grantor agrees to maintain, at its own cost and expense, such complete and accurate records with respect to the Article 9 Collateral owned by it as is prudent in the conduct of its business, but in any event to include complete accounting records indicating all payments and proceeds received with respect to the Article 9 Collateral, and, at such time or times as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request, promptly to prepare and deliver to the Collateral Agent a duly certified schedule or schedules in form and detail reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent showing the identity, amount and location of any and all Article 9 Collateral.

(c) Each year, at the time of delivery of annual financial statements with respect to the preceding fiscal year pursuant to Section 4.02 of the Indenture, the Company shall deliver to the Collateral Agent a certificate executed by a Financial Officer and the chief legal officer of the Company confirming that there has been no material change in such information since the date of such certificate or the date of the most recent certificate delivered pursuant to this Section 4.03(c). Each certificate delivered pursuant to this Section 4.03(c) shall identify in the format of Schedule III all Intellectual Property of any Grantor in existence on the date thereof and not then listed on such Schedules or previously so identified to the Collateral Agent.

(d) Each Grantor shall, at its own expense, take any and all commercially reasonable actions necessary to defend title to all material portions of the Article 9 Collateral against all Persons and to defend the Security Interest of the Collateral Agent in all material portions of the Article 9 Collateral and the priority thereof against any Lien not expressly permitted pursuant to Section 4.11 of the Indenture.

(e) Each Grantor agrees, at its own expense, to execute, acknowledge, deliver and cause to be duly filed all such further instruments and documents and take all such actions to better assure, preserve, protect and perfect the Security Interest and the rights and remedies created hereby, including the payment of any fees and taxes required in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the granting of the Security Interest and the filing of any financing statements (including fixture filings) or other documents in connection herewith or therewith. If any amount payable to any Grantor under or in connection with any of the Article 9 Collateral shall be or become evidenced by any promissory note or other instrument, such note or instrument shall be promptly pledged and delivered to the Collateral Agent, duly endorsed in a manner consistent with Section 3.02.

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor hereby authorizes the Collateral Agent, with prompt notice thereof to the Grantors, to supplement this Agreement by supplementing Schedule III or adding additional schedules hereto to specifically identify any asset or item that may constitute Copyrights, Licenses, Patents or Trademarks; provided, that any Grantor shall have the right, exercisable within 10 days after it has been notified by the Collateral Agent of the specific identification of such Collateral, to advise the Collateral Agent in writing of any inaccuracy of the representations and warranties made by such Grantor hereunder with respect to such Collateral. Each Grantor agrees that it will use its best efforts to take such action as shall be reasonably necessary in order that all representations and warranties hereunder shall be true and correct in all material respects with respect to such Collateral within 30 days after the date it has been notified by the Collateral Agent of the specific identification of such Collateral.

(f) The Collateral Agent and such Persons as the Collateral Agent may reasonably designate shall have the right, upon reasonable prior written notice and during normal business hours (but in no event more than once each fiscal quarter unless a Default has occurred and is continuing), at the Grantors’ own cost and expense, to inspect the Article 9 Collateral, all records related thereto (and to make extracts and copies from such records) and the premises upon which any of the Article 9 Collateral is located, to discuss the Grantors’ affairs with the officers of the Grantors and their independent accountants and to verify under reasonable procedures the validity, amount, quality, quantity, value, condition and status of, or any other matter relating to, the Article 9 Collateral, including, in the case of accounts or Article 9 Collateral in the possession of any third person, by contacting Account Debtors or the third person possessing such Article 9 Collateral for the purpose of making such a verification. The Collateral Agent shall have the absolute right to share any information it gains from such inspection or verification with any Secured Party.

(g) At its option, the Collateral Agent may discharge past due taxes, assessments, charges, fees, Liens, security interests or other encumbrances at any time levied or placed on the Article 9 Collateral and not expressly permitted pursuant to Section 4.11 of the Indenture (and shall notify the Company upon any such discharge), and may pay for the maintenance and preservation of the Article 9 Collateral to the extent any Grantor fails to do so as required by the Indenture or this Agreement, and each Grantor jointly and severally agrees to reimburse the Collateral Agent on demand for any payment made or any reasonable expense incurred by the Collateral Agent pursuant to the foregoing authorization; provided, that nothing in this paragraph shall be interpreted as excusing any Grantor from the performance of, or imposing any obligation on the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party to cure or perform, any covenants or other promises of any Grantor with respect to taxes, assessments, charges, fees, Liens, security interests or other encumbrances and maintenance as set forth herein or in the other Indenture Documents.

(h) If at any time any Grantor shall take a security interest in any property of an Account Debtor or any other Person to secure payment and performance of an account in excess of $250,000, such Grantor shall promptly assign such security interest to the Collateral Agent. Such assignment need not be filed of public record unless necessary to continue the perfected status of the security interest against creditors of and transferees from the Account Debtor or other Person granting the security interest.

(i) As between each Grantor, the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties, each Grantor shall remain liable to observe and perform all the conditions and obligations to be observed and performed by it under each contract, agreement or instrument relating to the Article 9 Collateral, all in accordance with the terms and conditions thereof, and each Grantor jointly and severally agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties from and against any and all liability for such performance.

(j) None of the Grantors shall make or permit to be made an assignment, pledge or hypothecation of the Article 9 Collateral or shall grant any other Lien in respect of the Article 9 Collateral, except as permitted by the Indenture. None of the Grantors shall make or permit to be made any transfer of the Article 9 Collateral and each Grantor shall remain at all times in possession of the Article 9 Collateral owned by it, except that unless and until the Collateral Agent shall notify the Grantors that an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and that during the continuance thereof the Grantors shall not sell, convey, lease, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of any Article 9 Collateral (which notice may be given by telephone if promptly confirmed in writing), the Grantors may use and dispose of the Article 9 Collateral in any lawful manner not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, the Indenture or any other Indenture Document.

(k) None of the Grantors will, without the Collateral Agent’s prior written consent, which shall be directed by the Holders of a majority in outstanding principal amount of the Notes, grant any extension of the time of payment of any accounts included in the Article 9 Collateral, compromise, compound or settle the same for less than the full amount thereof, release, wholly or partly, any Person liable for the payment thereof or allow any credit or discount whatsoever thereon, other than extensions, compromises, settlements, releases, credits or discounts granted or made in good faith in the prudent conduct of the business of such Grantor.

(l) The Grantors, at their own expense, shall maintain or cause to be maintained insurance covering physical loss or damage to the inventory and equipment in accordance with the requirements set forth in Schedule IV hereto. Each Grantor irrevocably makes, constitutes and appoints the Collateral Agent (and all officers, employees or agents designated by the Collateral Agent) as such Grantor’s true and lawful agent (and attorney-in-fact) for the purpose, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, of making, settling and adjusting claims in respect of Article 9 Collateral under policies of insurance, endorsing the name of such Grantor on any check, draft, instrument or other item of payment for the proceeds of such policies of insurance and for making all determinations and decisions with respect thereto. In the event that any Grantor at any time or times shall fail to obtain or maintain any of the policies of insurance required hereby or under the Indenture or to pay any premium in whole or part relating thereto, the Collateral Agent may, without waiving or releasing any obligation or liability of the Grantors hereunder or any Event of Default, in its sole discretion, obtain and maintain such policies of insurance and pay such premium and take any other actions with respect thereto as the Collateral Agent deems advisable. All sums disbursed by the Collateral Agent in connection with this paragraph, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, court costs, expenses and other charges relating thereto, shall be payable, upon demand, by the Grantors to the Collateral Agent and shall be additional Obligations secured hereby.

(m) Each Grantor shall maintain, in form and manner reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent, records of its chattel paper and its books, records and documents evidencing or pertaining thereto.

SECTION 4.04. Other Actions. In order to further insure the attachment, perfection and priority of, and the ability of the Collateral Agent to enforce, the Security Interest, each Grantor agrees, in each case at such Grantor’s own expense, to take the following actions with respect to the following Article 9 Collateral:

(a) Instruments. If any Grantor shall at any time hold or acquire any instruments, such Grantor shall forthwith endorse, assign and deliver the same to the Collateral Agent, accompanied by such instruments of transfer or assignment duly executed in blank as the Collateral Agent may from time to time reasonably request, other than instruments that do not individually or in the aggregate exceed $250,000.

(b) Pledged Stock. Each Grantor shall, within five (5) Business Days of the date hereof, deliver to the Collateral Agent any and all certificates representing its Pledged Stock, subject to Section 3.01 and excluding any Excluded Property.

(c) Deposit Accounts. Except for the Excluded Property, for each deposit account that any Grantor at any time opens or maintains, such Grantor shall, on or prior to September 30, 2009, either (i) cause the depositary bank to agree to comply with instructions from the Collateral Agent to such depositary bank directing the disposition of funds from time to time credited to such deposit account, without further consent of such Grantor or any other Person, pursuant to an agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I or as otherwise reasonably determined by such Grantor, or (ii) arrange for the Collateral Agent to become the customer of the depositary bank with respect to such deposit account, with the Grantor being permitted, only with the reasonable consent of the Collateral Agent, to exercise rights to withdraw funds from such deposit account. The Collateral Agent agrees with each Grantor that the Collateral Agent shall not give any such instructions or withhold any withdrawal rights from any Grantor unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, or, after giving effect to any withdrawal would occur.

(d) Investment Property. Except to the extent otherwise provided in Article III, if any Grantor shall at any time hold or acquire any certificated securities, such Grantor shall forthwith endorse, assign and deliver the same to the Collateral Agent, accompanied by such instruments of transfer or assignment duly executed in blank as the Collateral Agent may from time to time specify. If any securities now or hereafter acquired by any Grantor are “uncertificated securities” (as defined in Section 8-102(18) of the New York UCC) and are issued to such Grantor or its nominee directly by the issuer thereof, such Grantor shall promptly notify the Collateral Agent thereof and, at the Collateral Agent’s request and option, either (i) use its best efforts to cause the issuer to agree to comply with instructions from the Collateral Agent as to such securities, without further consent of any Grantor or such nominee or (ii) arrange for the Collateral Agent to become the registered owner of the securities. If any securities, whether certificated or uncertificated, or other investment property now or hereafter acquired by any Grantor are held by such Grantor or its nominee through a securities intermediary or commodity intermediary, such Grantor shall promptly notify the Collateral Agent thereof and, at the Collateral Agent’s request and option, either (i) use its best efforts to cause such securities intermediary or (as the case may be) commodity intermediary to agree to comply with entitlement orders or other instructions from the Collateral Agent to such securities intermediary as to such security entitlements, or (as the case may be) to apply any value distributed on account of any commodity contract as directed by the Collateral Agent to such commodity intermediary, in each case without further consent of any Grantor or such nominee, or (ii) in the case of financial assets (as governed by Article 8 of the New York UCC) or other investment property held through a securities intermediary, arrange for the Collateral Agent to become the entitlement holder with respect to such investment property, with the Grantor being permitted, only with the consent of the Collateral Agent, to exercise rights to withdraw or otherwise deal with such investment property. The Collateral Agent agrees with each of the Grantors that the Collateral Agent shall not give any such entitlement orders or instructions or directions to any such issuer, securities intermediary or commodity intermediary, and shall not withhold its consent to the exercise of any withdrawal or dealing rights by any Grantor, unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, or, after giving effect to any such investment and withdrawal rights, would occur. The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to any financial assets credited to a securities account for which the Collateral Agent is the securities intermediary.

(e) Electronic Chattel Paper and Transferable Records. If any Grantor at any time holds or acquires an interest in any electronic chattel paper or any “transferable record,” as that term is defined in Section 201 of the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, or in Section 16 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act as in effect in any relevant jurisdiction, such Grantor shall promptly notify the Collateral Agent thereof and shall take such action as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request to vest in the Collateral Agent control under New York UCC Section 9-105 of such electronic chattel paper or control under Section 201 of the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act or, as the case may be, Section 16 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, as so in effect in such jurisdiction, of such transferable record. The Collateral Agent agrees with such Grantor that the Collateral Agent will arrange, pursuant to procedures reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent and so long as such procedures will not result in the Collateral Agent’s loss of control, for the Grantor to make alterations to the electronic chattel paper or transferable record permitted under UCC Section 9-105 or, as the case may be, Section 201 of the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act or Section 16 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act for a party in control to allow without loss of control, unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would occur after taking into account any action by such Grantor with respect to such electronic chattel paper or transferable record.

(f) Letter-of-Credit Rights. If any Grantor is at any time a beneficiary under a letter of credit now or hereafter issued in favor of such Grantor, such Grantor shall promptly notify the Collateral Agent thereof and either (i) arrange for the issuer and any confirmer of such letter of credit to consent to an assignment to the Collateral Agent of the proceeds of any drawing under the letter of credit or (ii) arrange for the Collateral Agent to become the transferee beneficiary of the letter of credit, with the Collateral Agent agreeing, in each case, that the proceeds of any drawing under the letter of credit are to be paid to the applicable Grantor unless an Event of Default has occurred or is continuing.

(g) Commercial Tort Claims. If any Grantor shall at any time hold or acquire a commercial tort claim in an amount reasonably estimated to exceed $1,000,000, the Grantor shall promptly notify the Collateral Agent thereof in a writing signed by such Grantor, including a summary description of such claim, and grant to the Collateral Agent in such writing a security interest therein and in the proceeds thereof, all upon the terms of this Agreement.

SECTION 4.05. Covenants Regarding Patent, Trademark and Copyright Collateral. (a) Each Grantor agrees that it will not do any act or omit to do any act (and will exercise commercially reasonable efforts to prevent its licensees from doing any act or omitting to do any act) whereby any Patent that is material to the conduct of such Grantor’s business may become invalidated or dedicated to the public, and agrees that it shall continue to ▇▇▇▇ any products covered by a Patent with the relevant patent number as necessary and sufficient to establish and preserve its maximum rights under applicable patent laws.

(b) Each Grantor (either itself or through its licensees or its sublicensees) will, for each Trademark material to the conduct of such Grantor’s business, (i) maintain such Trademark in full force free from any claim of abandonment or invalidity for non-use, (ii) maintain the quality of products and services offered under such Trademark, (iii) display such Trademark with notice of Federal or foreign registration to the extent applicable and reasonably necessary and sufficient to establish and preserve its maximum rights under applicable law and (iv) not knowingly use or knowingly permit the use of such Trademark in violation of any third party rights.

(c) Each Grantor (either itself or through its licensees or sublicensees) will, for each work covered by a Copyright material to the conduct of such Grantor’s business, continue to publish, reproduce, display, adopt and distribute the work with appropriate copyright notice as necessary and sufficient to establish and preserve its maximum rights under applicable copyright laws.

(d) Each Grantor shall notify the Collateral Agent promptly if it knows or reasonably suspects that any Patent, Trademark or Copyright material to the conduct of such Grantor’s business may become abandoned, lost or dedicated to the public, or of any materially adverse determination or development (including the institution of, or any determination or development in, any proceeding in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, United States Copyright Office or any court or similar office of any country) regarding such Grantor’s ownership of any such Patent, Trademark or Copyright, its right to register the same, or its right to keep and maintain the same.

(e) In no event shall any Grantor, either itself or through any agent, employee, licensee or designee, file an application for any Patent, Trademark or Copyright (or for the registration of any Trademark or Copyright) with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, United States Copyright Office or any office or agency in any political subdivision of the United States or in any other country or any political subdivision thereof, unless it promptly informs the Collateral Agent, and executes and delivers any and all agreements, instruments, documents and papers to evidence the Collateral Agent’s security interest in such Patent, Trademark or Copyright, and each Grantor hereby appoints the Collateral Agent as its attorney-in-fact to execute and file such writings for the foregoing purposes, all lawful acts of such attorney being hereby ratified and confirmed; such power, being coupled with an interest, is irrevocable.

(f) Each Grantor will take all necessary steps that are consistent with the practice in any proceeding before the United States Patent and Trademark Office, United States Copyright Office or any office or agency in any political subdivision of the United States or in any other country or any political subdivision thereof, to maintain and pursue each material application relating to the Patents, Trademarks and/or Copyrights (and to obtain the relevant grant or registration) and to maintain each issued Patent and each registration of the Trademarks and Copyrights that is material to the conduct of any Grantor’s business, including timely filings of applications for renewal, affidavits of use, affidavits of incontestability and payment of maintenance fees, and, if consistent with such Grantor’s reasonable business judgment, to initiate opposition, interference and cancellation proceedings against third parties.

(g) In the event that any Grantor knows or reasonably suspects that any Article 9 Collateral consisting of a Patent, Trademark or Copyright material to the conduct of any Grantor’s business has been or is about to be infringed, misappropriated or diluted by a third party, such Grantor promptly shall, if consistent with such Grantor’s reasonable business judgment, promptly ▇▇▇ for infringement, misappropriation or dilution and to recover any and all damages for such infringement, misappropriation or dilution, and take such other actions as are appropriate under the circumstances to protect such Article 9 Collateral.

(h) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, each Grantor shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all requisite consents or approvals by the licensor of each Copyright License, Patent License or Trademark License to effect the assignment of all such Grantor’s right, title and interest thereunder to the Collateral Agent or its designee.

(i) Each Grantor shall file with the United States Patent and Trademark Office or United States Copyright Office (or any successor office or any similar office in any other country) such documents as may be necessary or advisable for the purpose of perfecting, confirming, continuing, enforcing or protecting the Security Interest granted by each Grantor, naming any Grantor or the Grantors as debtors and the Collateral Agent as secured party. Each Grantor acknowledges and agrees that the Collateral Agent shall have no duties with respect to making any filings with the United States Patent and Trademark Office or United States Copyright Office (or any successor office or any similar office in any other country).

ARTICLE V

Remedies

SECTION 5.01. Remedies Upon Default. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, it is agreed that the Collateral Agent shall have the right to take any of or all the following actions at the same or different times: (a) with respect to any Article 9 Collateral consisting of Intellectual Property, on demand, to cause the Security Interest to become an assignment, transfer and conveyance of any of or all such Article 9 Collateral by the applicable Grantors to the Collateral Agent, or to license or sublicense, whether general, special or otherwise, and whether on an exclusive or nonexclusive basis, any such Article 9 Collateral throughout the world on such terms and conditions and in such manner as the Collateral Agent shall determine (other than in violation of any then-existing licensing arrangements to the extent that waivers cannot be obtained), and (b) with or without legal process and with or without prior notice or demand for performance, to take possession of the Article 9 Collateral and without liability for trespass to enter any premises where the Article 9 Collateral may be located for the purpose of taking possession of or removing the Article 9 Collateral and, generally, to exercise any and all rights afforded to a secured party under the Uniform Commercial Code or other applicable law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor agrees that the Collateral Agent shall have the right, subject to the mandatory requirements of applicable law, to sell or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the Collateral at a public or private sale or at any broker’s board or on any securities exchange, for cash, upon credit or for future delivery as the Collateral Agent shall deem appropriate. The Collateral Agent shall be authorized at any such sale of securities (if it deems it advisable to do so) to restrict the prospective bidders or purchasers to Persons who will represent and agree that they are purchasing the Collateral for their own account for investment and not with a view to the distribution or sale thereof, and upon consummation of any such sale the Collateral Agent shall have the right to assign, transfer and deliver to the purchaser or purchasers thereof the Collateral so sold without representation, warranty or recourse. Each such purchaser at any such sale of Collateral shall hold the property sold absolutely, free from any claim or right on the part of any Grantor, and each Grantor hereby waives (to the extent permitted by law) all rights of redemption, stay and appraisal which such Grantor now has or may at any time in the future have under any rule of law or statute now existing or hereafter enacted.

The Collateral Agent shall give the applicable Grantors 10 days’ written notice (which each Grantor agrees is reasonable notice within the meaning of Section 9-611 of the New York UCC or its equivalent in other jurisdictions) of the Collateral Agent’s intention to make any sale of Collateral. Such notice, in the case of a public sale, shall state the time and place for such sale and, in the case of a sale at a broker’s board or on a securities exchange, shall state the board or exchange at which such sale is to be made and the day on which the Collateral, or portion thereof, will first be offered for sale at such board or exchange. Any such public sale shall be held at such time or times within ordinary business hours and at such place or places as the Collateral Agent may fix and state in the notice (if any) of such sale. At any such sale, the Collateral, or portion thereof, to be sold may be sold in one lot as an entirety or in separate parcels, as the Collateral Agent may in its sole and absolute discretion determine. The Collateral Agent shall not be obligated to make any sale of any Collateral if it shall determine not to do so, regardless of the fact that notice of sale of such Collateral shall have been given. The Collateral Agent may, without notice or publication, adjourn any public or private sale or cause the same to be adjourned from time to time by announcement at the time and place fixed for sale, and such sale may, without further notice, be made at the time and place to which the same was so adjourned. In case any sale of all or any part of the Collateral is made on credit or for future delivery, the Collateral so sold may be retained by the Collateral Agent until the sale price is paid by the purchaser or purchasers thereof, but the Collateral Agent shall not incur any liability in case any such purchaser or purchasers shall fail to take up and pay for the Collateral so sold and, in case of any such failure, such Collateral may be sold again upon like notice. At any public (or, to the extent permitted by law, private) sale made pursuant to this Agreement, any Secured Party may bid for or purchase, free (to the extent permitted by law) from any right of redemption, stay, valuation or appraisal on the part of any Grantor (all said rights being also hereby waived and released to the extent permitted by law), the Collateral or any part thereof offered for sale and may make payment on account thereof by using any claim then due and payable to such Secured Party from any Grantor as a credit against the purchase price, and such Secured Party may, upon compliance with the terms of sale, hold, retain and dispose of such property without further accountability to any Grantor therefor. For purposes hereof, a written agreement to purchase the Collateral or any portion thereof shall be treated as a sale thereof; the Collateral Agent shall be free to carry out such sale pursuant to such agreement and no Grantor shall be entitled, subject to Section 5.02, to the return of the Collateral or any portion thereof subject thereto, notwithstanding the fact that after the Collateral Agent shall have entered into such an agreement all Events of Default shall have been remedied and the Obligations paid in full. As an alternative to exercising the power of sale herein conferred upon it, the Collateral Agent may proceed by a suit or suits at law or in equity to foreclose this Agreement and to sell the Collateral or any portion thereof pursuant to a judgment or decree of a court or courts having competent jurisdiction or pursuant to a proceeding by a court-appointed receiver. Any sale pursuant to the provisions of this Section 5.01 shall be deemed to conform to the commercially reasonable standards as provided in Section 9-610(b) of the New York UCC or its equivalent in other jurisdictions.

SECTION 5.02. Application of Proceeds. The Collateral Agent shall apply the proceeds of any collection or sale of, or foreclosure or other realization upon, any Collateral, including any Collateral consisting of cash, as follows:

FIRST, to the payment of all costs and expenses incurred by the Collateral Agent in connection with such collection or sale or otherwise in connection with this Agreement, any other Indenture Document or any of the Obligations, including all court costs and the fees and expenses of its agents and legal counsel, the repayment of all advances made by the Collateral Agent hereunder or under any other Indenture Document on behalf of any Grantor and any other costs or expenses incurred in connection with the exercise of any right or remedy hereunder or under any other Indenture Document;

SECOND, to the Trustee for any unpaid fees, expenses or indemnities;

THIRD, the payment in full of the Obligations (the amounts so applied to be distributed among the Secured Parties pro rata in accordance with the amounts of the Obligations owed to them on the date of any such distribution); and

FOURTH, to the Grantors, their successors or assigns, or as a court of competent jurisdiction may otherwise direct.

The Collateral Agent shall have absolute discretion as to the time of application of any such proceeds, moneys or balances in accordance with this Agreement. Upon any sale of Collateral by the Collateral Agent (including pursuant to a power of sale granted by statute or under a judicial proceeding), the receipt of the Collateral Agent or of the officer making the sale shall be a sufficient discharge to the purchaser or purchasers of the Collateral so sold and such purchaser or purchasers shall not be obligated to see to the application of any part of the purchase money paid over to the Collateral Agent or such officer or be answerable in any way for the misapplication thereof.

SECTION 5.03. Grant of License to Use Intellectual Property. For the purpose of enabling the Collateral Agent to exercise rights and remedies under this Agreement at such time as the Collateral Agent shall be lawfully entitled to exercise such rights and remedies, each Grantor hereby grants to the Collateral Agent an irrevocable, nonexclusive license (exercisable without payment of royalty or other compensation to the Grantors) to use, license or sublicense any of the Article 9 Collateral consisting of Intellectual Property now owned or hereafter acquired by such Grantor, and wherever the same may be located, and including in such license access to all media in which any of the licensed items may be recorded or stored and to all computer software and programs used for the compilation or printout thereof. The use of such license by the Collateral Agent may be exercised, at the option of the Collateral Agent, only upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default; provided, that any license, sublicense or other transaction entered into by the Collateral Agent in accordance herewith shall be binding upon the Grantors notwithstanding any subsequent cure of an Event of Default.

SECTION 5.04. Securities Act. In view of the position of the Grantors in relation to the Pledged Collateral, or because of other current or future circumstances, a question may arise under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as now or hereafter in effect, or any similar statute hereafter enacted analogous in purpose or effect (such Act and any such similar statute as from time to time in effect being called the “Federal Securities Laws”) with respect to any disposition of the Pledged Collateral permitted hereunder. Each Grantor understands that compliance with the Federal Securities Laws might very strictly limit the course of conduct of the Collateral Agent if the Collateral Agent were to attempt to dispose of all or any part of the Pledged Collateral, and might also limit the extent to which or the manner in which any subsequent transferee of any Pledged Collateral could dispose of the same. Similarly, there may be other legal restrictions or limitations affecting the Collateral Agent in any attempt to dispose of all or part of the Pledged Collateral under applicable “blue sky” or other state securities laws or similar laws analogous in purpose or effect. Each Grantor recognizes that in light of such restrictions and limitations the Collateral Agent may, with respect to any sale of the Pledged Collateral, limit the purchasers to those who will agree, among other things, to acquire such Pledged Collateral for their own account, for investment, and not with a view to the distribution or resale thereof. Each Grantor acknowledges and agrees that in light of such restrictions and limitations, the Collateral Agent, in its sole and absolute discretion (a) may proceed to make such a sale whether or not a registration statement for the purpose of registering such Pledged Collateral or part thereof shall have been filed under the Federal Securities Laws and (b) may approach and negotiate with a single potential purchaser to effect such sale. Each Grantor acknowledges and agrees that any such sale might result in prices and other terms less favorable to the seller than if such sale were a public sale without such restrictions. In the event of any such sale, the Collateral Agent shall incur no responsibility or liability for selling all or any part of the Pledged Collateral at a price that the Collateral Agent, in its sole and absolute discretion, may in good ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇ reasonable under the circumstances, notwithstanding the possibility that a substantially higher price might have been realized if the sale were deferred until after registration as aforesaid or if more than a single purchaser were approached. The provisions of this Section 5.04 will apply notwithstanding the existence of a public or private market upon which the quotations or sales prices may exceed substantially the price at which the Collateral Agent sells.

SECTION 5.05. Registration. Each Grantor agrees that, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, if for any reason the Collateral Agent desires to sell any of the Pledged Collateral at a public sale, it will, at any time and from time to time, upon the written request of the Collateral Agent, use its best efforts to cooperate in any public sale effectuated by the Collateral Agent to permit the public sale of such Pledged Collateral. Each Grantor will bear all costs and expenses of carrying out its obligations under this Section 5.05. Each Grantor acknowledges that there is no adequate remedy at law for failure by it to comply with the provisions of this Section 5.05 and that such failure would not be adequately compensable in damages, and therefore agrees that its agreements contained in this Section 5.05 may be specifically enforced.

ARTICLE VI

Indemnity, Subrogation and Subordination

SECTION 6.01. Indemnity and Subrogation. In addition to all such rights of indemnity and subrogation as the Guarantors may have under applicable law (but subject to Section 6.03), the Company agrees that (a) in the event a payment shall be made by any Guarantor under this Agreement, the Company shall indemnify such Guarantor for the full amount of such payment and such Guarantor shall be subrogated to the rights of the Person to whom such payment shall have been made to the extent of such payment and (b) in the event any assets of any Grantor shall be sold pursuant to this Agreement or any other Collateral Agreement to satisfy in whole or in part an obligation owed to any Secured Party, the Company shall indemnify such Grantor in an amount equal to the greater of the book value or the fair market value of the assets so sold.

SECTION 6.02. Contribution and Subrogation. Each Guarantor and Grantor (a “Contributing Party”) agrees (subject to Section 6.03) that, in the event a payment shall be made by any other Guarantor hereunder in respect of any Obligation or assets of any other Grantor shall be sold pursuant to any Collateral Agreement to satisfy any Obligation owed to any Secured Party and such other Guarantor or Grantor (the “Claiming Party”) shall not have been fully indemnified by the Company as provided in Section 6.01, the Contributing Party shall indemnify the Claiming Party in an amount equal to the amount of such payment or the greater of the book value or the fair market value of such assets, as the case may be, in each case multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the net worth of the Contributing Party on the date hereof and the denominator shall be the aggregate net worth of all the Guarantors and Grantors on the date hereof (or, in the case of any Guarantor or Grantor becoming a party hereto pursuant to Section 7.14, the date of the supplement hereto executed and delivered by such Guarantor or Grantor). Any Contributing Party making any payment to a Claiming Party pursuant to this Section 6.02 shall be subrogated to the rights of such Claiming Party under Section 6.01 to the extent of such payment.

SECTION 6.03. Subordination. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, all rights of the Guarantors and Grantors under Sections 6.01 and 6.02 and all other rights of indemnity, contribution or subrogation under applicable law or otherwise shall be fully subordinated to the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Obligations. No failure on the part of the Company or any Guarantor or Grantor to make the payments required by Sections 6.01 and 6.02 (or any other payments required under applicable law or otherwise) shall in any respect limit the obligations and liabilities of any Guarantor or Grantor with respect to its obligations hereunder, and each Guarantor and Grantor shall remain liable for the full amount of the obligations of such Guarantor or Grantor hereunder.

(b) Each Guarantor and Grantor hereby agrees that all Indebtedness and other monetary obligations owed by it to any other Guarantor, Grantor or any other Subsidiary shall be fully subordinated to the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Obligations.

ARTICLE VII

Miscellaneous

SECTION 7.01. Notices. All communications and notices hereunder shall (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein) be in writing and given as provided in Section 12.02 of the Indenture. All communications and notices hereunder to any Subsidiary Party shall be given to it in care of the Company as provided in Section 12.02 of the Indenture.

SECTION 7.02. Waivers; Amendment. (a) No failure or delay by the Collateral Agent or any Noteholder in exercising any right or power hereunder or under any other Indenture Document shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such a right or power, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power. The rights and remedies of the Collateral Agent and the Noteholders hereunder and under the other Indenture Documents are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies that they would otherwise have. No waiver of any provision of this Agreement or consent to any departure by any Indenture Party shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be permitted by paragraph (b) of this Section 7.02, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the purpose for which given. No notice or demand on any Indenture Party in any case shall entitle any Indenture Party to any other or further notice or demand in similar or other circumstances.

(b) Neither this Agreement nor any provision hereof may be waived, amended or modified except pursuant to an agreement or agreements in writing entered into by the Collateral Agent, the Indenture Party or Indenture Parties with respect to which such waiver, amendment or modification is to apply, subject to any consent required in accordance with Section 9.01 of the Indenture.

SECTION 7.03. Collateral Agent’s Fees and Expenses; Indemnification. (a) The parties hereto agree that the Collateral Agent shall be entitled to reimbursement of its expenses incurred hereunder as provided in Section 7.07 of the Indenture.

(b) Without limitation of its indemnification obligations under the other Indenture Documents, each Grantor and each Guarantor jointly and severally agrees to indemnify the Collateral Agent against, and hold the Collateral Agent harmless from, any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and related expenses, including the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of counsel for the Collateral Agent, incurred by or asserted against the Collateral Agent arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement or any claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing agreement or instrument contemplated hereby, or to the Collateral, whether or not the Collateral Agent is a party thereto; provided, that such indemnity shall not, as to the Collateral Agent, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Collateral Agent.

(c) Any such amounts payable as provided hereunder shall be additional Obligations secured hereby and by the other Collateral Agreements. The provisions of this Section 7.03 shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of the termination of this Agreement or any other Indenture Document, the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, the repayment of any of the Obligations, the invalidity or unenforceability of any term or provision of this Agreement or any other Indenture Document, or any investigation made by or on behalf of the Collateral Agent or any other Secured Party. All amounts due under this Section 7.03 shall be payable on written demand therefor.

(d) The Collateral Agent shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Agreement at the request or direction of the Trustee (on behalf of Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes) or the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes, directly, unless the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes have offered to the Collateral Agent security or indemnity satisfactory to the Collateral Agent against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

SECTION 7.04. Successors and Assigns. Whenever in this Agreement any of the parties hereto is referred to, such reference shall be deemed to include the permitted successors and assigns of such party; and all covenants, promises and agreements by or on behalf of any Guarantor, Grantor or the Collateral Agent that are contained in this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns.

SECTION 7.05. Survival of Agreement. All covenants, agreements, representations and warranties made by the Indenture Parties in the Indenture Documents and in the certificates or other instruments prepared or delivered in connection with or pursuant to this Agreement or any other Indenture Document shall be considered to have been relied upon by the Noteholders and the other Secured Parties at the time made and shall survive the execution and delivery of the Indenture Documents, regardless of any investigation made by any Noteholder or other Secured Party or on its behalf at the time of the issuance of the Notes, and shall continue in full force and effect as long as the principal of or any accrued interest on the Notes or any fee or any other amount payable under any Indenture Document is outstanding and unpaid.

SECTION 7.06. Counterparts; Effectiveness; Several Agreement. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed signature page to this Agreement by facsimile or pdf (portable data format) transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Agreement. This Agreement shall become effective as to any Indenture Party when a counterpart hereof executed on behalf of such Indenture Party shall have been delivered to the Collateral Agent and a counterpart hereof shall have been executed on behalf of the Collateral Agent, and thereafter shall be binding upon such Indenture Party and the Collateral Agent and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of such Indenture Party, the Collateral Agent and the other Secured Parties and their respective successors and assigns, except that no Indenture Party shall have the right to assign or transfer its rights or obligations hereunder or any interest herein or in the Collateral (and any such assignment or transfer shall be void), except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement or the Indenture. This Agreement shall be construed as a separate agreement with respect to each Indenture Party and may be amended, modified, supplemented, waived or released with respect to any Indenture Party without the approval of any Indenture Party and without affecting the obligations of any other Indenture Party hereunder.

SECTION 7.07. Severability. Any provision of this Agreement held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability without affecting the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof; and the invalidity of a particular provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate such provision in any other jurisdiction. The parties shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

SECTION 7.08. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Consent to Service of Process. (a) This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the law of the State of New York.

(b) Each of the Indenture Parties hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the State of New York sitting in New York County and of the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any other Indenture Document, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York State or, to the extent permitted by law, in such Federal court. Each of the parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Nothing in this Agreement or any other Indenture Document shall affect any right that the Collateral Agent or any Noteholder may otherwise have to bring any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Indenture Document against any Grantor or Guarantor, or its properties in the courts of any jurisdiction.

(c) Each of the Indenture Parties hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any other Indenture Document in any court referred to in paragraph (b) of this Section 7.08. Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court.

(d) Each party to this Agreement irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section 7.01. Nothing in this Agreement or any other Indenture Document will affect the right of any party to this Agreement to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.

SECTION 7.09. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER INDENTURE DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 7.09.

SECTION 7.10. Headings. Article and Section headings and the Table of Contents used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Agreement and are not to affect the construction of, or to be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Agreement.

SECTION 7.11. Security Interest Absolute. All rights of the Collateral Agent hereunder, the Security Interest, the grant of a security interest in the Pledged Collateral and all obligations of each Grantor and Guarantor hereunder shall be, subject to the last paragraph of clause (a) of Section 4.01, absolute and unconditional irrespective of (a) any lack of validity or enforceability of the Indenture, any other Indenture Document, any agreement with respect to any of the Obligations or any other agreement or instrument relating to any of the foregoing, (b) any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term of, all or any of the Obligations, or any other amendment or waiver of or any consent to any departure from the Indenture, any other Indenture Document or any other agreement or instrument, (c) any exchange, release or nonperfection of any Lien on other collateral, or any release or amendment or waiver of or consent under or departure from any guarantee, securing or guaranteeing all or any of the Obligations or (d) any other circumstance that might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, any Grantor or Guarantor in respect of the Obligations or this Agreement.

SECTION 7.12. Termination or Release. (a) This Agreement, the Guarantees made herein, the Security Interest and all other security interests granted hereby shall terminate as provided in the Indenture or when all the Obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full. In connection with any termination or release pursuant to this paragraph, the Collateral Agent shall execute and deliver to any Grantor, at such Grantor’s expense, all documents that such Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence such termination or release. Any execution and delivery of documents pursuant to this Section 7.13 shall be without recourse to or warranty by the Collateral Agent.

(b) Release of any Subsidiary Party from its obligations hereunder and of the Security Interest in any Collateral shall be governed by Section 10.06 of the Indenture.

SECTION 7.13. Additional Subsidiaries. Each Subsidiary of a Indenture Party that was not in existence or not a Subsidiary on the date of the Indenture and is not a Foreign Subsidiary is, unless otherwise provided in the Indenture, required to enter in this Agreement as a Subsidiary Party upon becoming such a Subsidiary. Upon execution and delivery by the Collateral Agent and a Subsidiary of an instrument in the form of Exhibit II hereto, such Subsidiary shall become a Subsidiary Party hereunder with the same force and effect as if originally named as a Subsidiary Party herein. The execution and delivery of any such instrument shall not require the consent of any other Indenture Party hereunder. The rights and obligations of each Indenture Party hereunder shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the addition of any new Indenture Party as a party to this Agreement.

SECTION 7.14. Collateral Agent Appointed Attorney-in-Fact. Each Grantor hereby appoints the Collateral Agent the attorney-in-fact of such Grantor for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Agreement and taking any action and executing any instrument that the Collateral Agent may deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes hereof, which appointment is irrevocable and coupled with an interest. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Collateral Agent shall have the right, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, with full power of substitution either in the Collateral Agent’s name or in the name of such Grantor (a) to receive, endorse, assign and/or deliver any and all notes, acceptances, checks, drafts, money orders or other evidences of payment relating to the Collateral or any part thereof; (b) to demand, collect, receive payment of, give receipt for and give discharges and releases of all or any of the Collateral; (c) to sign the name of any Grantor on any invoice or ▇▇▇▇ of lading relating to any of the Collateral; (d) to send verifications of accounts receivable to any Account Debtor; (e) to commence and prosecute any and all suits, actions or proceedings at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction to collect or otherwise realize on all or any of the Collateral or to enforce any rights in respect of any Collateral; (f) to settle, compromise, compound, adjust or defend any actions, suits or proceedings relating to all or any of the Collateral; (g) to notify, or to require any Grantor to notify, Account Debtors to make payment directly to the Collateral Agent; and (h) to use, sell, assign, transfer, pledge, make any agreement with respect to or otherwise deal with all or any of the Collateral, and to do all other acts and things necessary to carry out the purposes of this Agreement, as fully and completely as though the Collateral Agent were the absolute owner of the Collateral for all purposes; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be construed as requiring or obligating the Collateral Agent to make any commitment or to make any inquiry as to the nature or sufficiency of any payment received by the Collateral Agent, or to present or file any claim or notice, or to take any action with respect to the Collateral or any part thereof or the moneys due or to become due in respect thereof or any property covered thereby. The Collateral Agent and the other Secured Parties shall be accountable only for amounts actually received as a result of the exercise of the powers granted to them herein, and neither they nor their officers, directors, employees or agents shall be responsible to any Grantor for any act or failure to act hereunder, except for their own gross negligence or willful misconduct.

SECTION 7.15. Entire Agreement. In the event that the terms and provisions of this Agreement conflict with any term or provision contained in the Indenture Documents, the terms and provisions of the Indenture Documents shall govern and control.

[Signature Page Follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

WOLVERINE TUBE, INC.

By:	/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
	Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
	Title: President and Chief
Operating Officer

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Collateral Agent

By:	/s/ ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
	Name: ▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇
	Title: Assistant Vice President

TF INVESTOR, INC.

By:	/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
	Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
	Title: President

TUBE FORMING, L.P.
By: Wolverine Tube, Inc. as General Partner

	By:	/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
		Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
		Title: President and Chief
Operating Officer

TUBE FORMING HOLDINGS, INC.

By:	/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
		Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
		Title: President

WOLVERINE FINANCE, LLC

By:	/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
	Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
	Title: Chief Manager

WOLVERINE PA, LLC

By:	/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
	Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
	Title: President

WOLVERINE JOINING TECHNOLOGIES, LLC

By:	/s/ ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
	Name: ▇▇▇▇▇▇ ▇. ▇▇▇▇
	Title: President

Schedule I to

the Gaurantee and

Collateral Agreement

SUBSIDIARY PARTIES

1.	TF Investor, Inc.

2.	Tube Forming, L.P.

3.	Tube Forming Holdings, Inc.

4.	Wolverine Finance, LLC

5.	Wolverine PA, LLC

6.	Wolverine Joining Technologies, LLC

Schedule II to

the Guarantee and

Collateral Agreement

EQUITY INTERESTS

Schedule III to

the Guarantee and

Collateral Agreement

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Schedule IV to

the Guarantee and

Collateral Agreement

INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS

(a) The Company will, and will cause each Subsidiary Party to, maintain (or cause to be maintained on its behalf), with financially sound and reputable insurance companies:

(i)fire, boiler and machinery, and extended coverage insurance, on a replacement cost basis, with respect to all personal property and improvements to real property (in each case constituting Collateral), in such amounts as are customarily maintained by companies in the same or similar business operating in the same or similar locations;

(ii)commercial general liability insurance against claims for bodily injury, death or property damage occurring upon, about or in connection with the use of any properties owned, occupied or controlled by it, providing coverage on an occurrence basis with a combined single limit of not less than $1,000,000 and including the broad form CGL endorsement;

(iii)business interruption insurance, insuring against loss of gross earnings for the agreed upon aggregate amount of not less than $50,000,000 arising from any risks or occurrences required to be covered by insurance pursuant to clause (i) above; and

(iv)such other insurance as may be required by law.

Deductibles or self-insured retention shall not exceed $250,000 for fire, boiler and machinery and extended coverage policies, $250,000 for commercial general liability policies or 2 times average daily value plus a 24-hour waiting period for business interruption policies.

(b) Fire, boiler and machinery and extended coverage policies maintained with respect to any Collateral shall be endorsed or otherwise amended to include (i) a Secured Party’s loss payable clause in favor of the Collateral Agent and providing for losses thereunder to be payable to the Collateral Agent or its designee, (ii) a provision to the effect that neither any Indenture Party, the Collateral Agent nor any other party shall be a coinsurer and (iii) such other provisions as the Collateral Agent may reasonably require from time to time to protect the interests of the Secured Parties. Commercial general liability policies shall be endorsed to name the Collateral Agent as an additional insured. Business interruption policies shall name the Collateral Agent as loss payee. Each such policy referred to in this paragraph also shall provide that it shall not be canceled, modified or not renewed (i) by reason of nonpayment of premium except upon not less than 10 days’ prior written notice thereof by the insurer to the Collateral Agent (giving the Collateral Agent the right to cure defaults in the payment of premiums) or (ii) for any other reason except upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice thereof by the insurer to the Collateral Agent. The Company shall deliver to the Collateral Agent, prior to the cancellation, modification or nonrenewal of any such policy of insurance, evidence of the renewal or replacement policy (or other evidence of renewal of a policy previously delivered to the Collateral Agent) together with evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent of payment of the premium therefore at such time payment is made.

Exhibit I to

the Guarantee and

Collateral Agreement

ABA MODEL FORM OF DEPOSIT ACCOUNT CONTROL AGREEMENT

Exhibit II to the

Guarantee and

Collateral Agreement

SUPPLEMENT NO. __ dated as of [ ] (this “Supplement”), to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2009, among WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), the subsidiaries of the Company listed on Schedule I thereto (each such subsidiary individually a “Subsidiary Guarantor” and collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”; the Subsidiary Guarantors and the Company are referred to collectively herein as the “Grantors”), and U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION (“U.S. BANK”), as Collateral Agent (in such capacity, the “Collateral Agent”).

A. Reference is made to the Indenture, dated as of April __, 2009 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Indenture”), among the Company, the Subsidiaries and U.S. BANK, as trustee and collateral agent.

B. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Indenture and the Security Agreement referred to therein.

C. The Grantors have entered into the Security Agreement in order to support the issuance of the Notes. Section 7.13 of Security Agreement provides that additional Subsidiaries may become Subsidiary Parties under the Security Agreement by execution and delivery of an instrument in the form of this Supplement. The undersigned Subsidiary (the “New Subsidiary”) is executing this Supplement in accordance with the requirements of the Indenture to become a Subsidiary Party under the Security Agreement in order to support the issuance of the Notes.

Accordingly, the Collateral Agent and the New Subsidiary agree as follows:

SECTION 1. In accordance with Section 7.13 of the Security Agreement, the New Subsidiary by its signature below becomes a Subsidiary Party (and accordingly, becomes a Guarantor and Grantor), Grantor and Guarantor under the Security Agreement with the same force and effect as if originally named therein as a Subsidiary Party and the New Subsidiary hereby (a) agrees to all the terms and provisions of the Security Agreement applicable to it as a Subsidiary Party, Grantor and Guarantor thereunder and (b) represents and warrants that the representations and warranties made by it as a Grantor and Guarantor thereunder are true and correct in all material respects on and as of the date hereof. In furtherance of the foregoing, the New Subsidiary, as security for the payment and performance in full of the Obligations (as defined in the Security Agreement), does hereby create and grant to the Collateral Agent, its successors and assigns, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, their successors and assigns, a security interest in and lien on all of the New Subsidiary’s right, title and interest in and to the Collateral (as defined in the Security Agreement) of the New Subsidiary. Each reference to a “Guarantor” or “Grantor” in the Security Agreement shall be deemed to include the New Subsidiary. The Security Agreement is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

SECTION 2. The New Subsidiary represents and warrants to the Collateral Agent and the other Secured Parties that this Supplement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by it and constitutes its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms.

SECTION 3. This Supplement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto on different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Supplement shall become effective when the Collateral Agent shall have received a counterpart of this Supplement that bears the signature of the New Subsidiary and the Collateral Agent has executed a counterpart hereof. Delivery of an executed signature page to this Supplement by facsimile transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Supplement.

SECTION 4. The New Subsidiary hereby represents and warrants that (a) set forth on Schedule I attached hereto is a true and correct schedule of the location of any and all Collateral of the New Subsidiary and (b) set forth under its signature hereto, is the true and correct legal name of the New Subsidiary, its jurisdiction of formation and the location of its chief executive office.

SECTION 5. Except as expressly supplemented hereby, the Security Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 6. THIS SUPPLEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

SECTION 7. In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Supplement should be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein and in the Security Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby (it being understood that the invalidity of a particular provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not in and of itself affect the validity of such provision in any other jurisdiction). The parties hereto shall endeavor in good-faith negotiations to replace the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

SECTION 8. All communications and notices hereunder shall be in writing and given as provided in Section 7.01 of the Security Agreement.

SECTION 9. The New Subsidiary agrees to reimburse the Collateral Agent for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with this Supplement, including the reasonable fees, other charges and disbursements of counsel for the Collateral Agent.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the New Subsidiary and the Collateral Agent have duly executed this Supplement to the Security Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

	[NAME OF NEW SUBSIDIARY],

	By:
		Name:
		Title:

		Legal Name:
		Jurisdiction of Formation:
		Location of Chief Executive office:

	U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Collateral Agent
	By:
		Name:
		Title:

Schedule I

to the Supplement No. __ to the

Guarantee and

Collateral Agreement

LOCATION OF COLLATERAL

Description		Location

EQUITY INTERESTS

Issuer	Number of Certificate	Registered Owner	Number and Class of Equity Interests	Percentage of Equity Interests

DEBT SECURITIES

Issuer	Principal Amount	Date of Note	Maturity Date

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT dated as of April 28, 2009, among WOLVERINE TUBE, INC., THE SUBSIDIARIES OF WOLVERINE TUBE, INC. IDENTIFIED HEREIN and as Collateral Agent

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