EXHIBIT 1 JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                    EXHIBIT 1
                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

          Pursuant to Rule 13d-1(f)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, the undersigned hereby agree that the Schedule 13D to which
this Joint Filing Agreement is being filed as an exhibit shall be a joint
statement filed on behalf of each of the undersigned.

Date:     November 17, 2000

                                    XXXXXXXX VALUE PARTNERS II, L.P.

                                    /s/ Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                    -------------------------------------------
                                    By: XXXXXXXX VALUE LLC
                                        General Partner

                                    /s/ Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                    -------------------------------------------
                                    By:      Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                             Managing and Sole Member

                                    XXXXXXXX ASSOCIATES, L.P.

                                    /s/ Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                    -------------------------------------------
                                    By:      Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                             General Partner

                                    XXXXXXXX VALUE LLC

                                    /s/ Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                    -------------------------------------------
                                    By:      Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                             Managing and Sole Member

                                    XXXXXX XXXXXXXX

                                    /s/ Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                    -------------------------------------------
                                    Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx