STANDBY EQUITY PURCHASE AGREEMENT

Exhibit 1.1

STANDBY EQUITY PURCHASE AGREEMENT

THIS STANDBY EQUITY PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) dated as of June 2, 2022 is made by and between YA II PN, LTD., a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership (the “Investor”), and TERAWULF INC., a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Company”).

WHEREAS, the parties desire that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein, the Company shall have the right to issue and sell to the Investor, from time to time as provided herein, and the Investor shall purchase from the Company, up to $50 million of the Company’s shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Shares”); and

WHEREAS, the Common Shares are listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “XXXX;” and

WHEREAS, the offer and sale of the Common Shares issuable hereunder will be registered on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (file No. 333-262226) under Section 5 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Securities Act”).

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:

Article I. Certain Definitions

“Additional Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01(e)(ii).

“Adjusted Advance Amount” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01(e)(i).

“Advance Date” shall mean (i) in respect of an Advance Notice delivered by the Company, the 1^st Trading Day after expiration of the applicable Pricing Period, and (ii) in respect of an Advance Notice delivered by the Investor, the Advance Notice Date.

“Advance Notice” shall mean a written notice from the Company to the Investor, or from the Investor to the Company, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto setting forth the amount of an Advance that the Company desires to issue and sell to the Investor, or that the Investor desires to purchase from the Company.

“Advance Notice Date” shall mean each date on which a party is deemed to have delivered (in accordance with Section 2.01(b) of this Agreement) to the other party an Advance Notice, subject to the terms of this Agreement.

“Advances” shall mean any issuance and sale from the Company to the Investor pursuant to Article II hereof.

“Affiliate” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.06.

“Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

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“Applicable Laws” shall mean all applicable laws, statutes, rules, regulations, orders, executive orders, directives, policies, guidelines and codes having the force of law, whether local, national, or international, as amended from time to time, including without limitation (i) all applicable laws that relate to money laundering, terrorist financing, financial record keeping and reporting, (ii) all applicable laws that relate to anti-bribery, anti-corruption, books and records and internal controls, including the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and (iii) any Sanctions laws.

“Base Prospectus” shall mean the Company’s prospectus dated February 4, 2022, accompanying the Registration Statement.

“Black Out Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.02

“Closing” shall have meaning set forth in Section 2.02.

“Commitment Amount” shall mean $50,000,000 of Common Shares, provided that, the Company shall not effect any sales under this Agreement and the Investor shall not purchase any Common Shares under this Agreement to the extent (but only to the extent) that after giving effect to such purchase and sale the aggregate number of Common Shares issued under this Agreement would exceed 19.99% of the outstanding Common Shares as of the date of this Agreement (the “Exchange Cap”); provided further that, the Exchange Cap will not apply (a) if the Company’s stockholders have approved issuances in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with the rules of the Principal Market or (b) as to any Advance, if the Purchase Price of Shares in respect of such Advance equals or exceeds $3.04 per share (which represents the lower of (i) the Nasdaq Official Closing Price on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of this Agreement; or (ii) the average Nasdaq Official Closing Price for the five Trading Days immediately preceding the date of this Agreement).

“Commitment Period” shall mean the period commencing on the date hereof and expiring upon the date of termination of this Agreement in accordance with Section 11.02.

“Common Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Company” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

“Company Indemnitees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.02.

“Condition Satisfaction Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.01.

“Daily Value Traded” shall mean the product obtained by multiplying the daily trading volume of the Company’s Common Shares on the Principal Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P., by the VWAP for such Trading Day.

“Environmental Laws” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.14.

“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

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“Indemnified Liabilities” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.01.

“Initial Registration Statement” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.01.

“Investor” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

“Investor Indemnitees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.01.

“Market Price” shall mean the lowest daily VWAP of the Common Shares during the relevant Pricing Period, other than the daily VWAP on any Excluded Days.

“Material Adverse Effect” shall mean any event, occurrence or condition that has had or would reasonably be expected to have (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated herein, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under this Agreement.

“Material Outside Event” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.08.

“Maximum Advance Amount” in respect of each Advance Notice pursuant to Section 2.01(a), means the greater of: (i) an amount equal to thirty percent (30%) of the Daily Value Traded of Common Shares on the Company’s Principal Market on the Trading Day immediately preceding an Advance Notice, or (ii) $5,000,000.

“Minimum Acceptable Price” shall mean the minimum price notified by the Company to the Investor in each Advance Notice, if applicable.

“Nasdaq Official Closing Price” means the closing price of a Common Share as reported on the “Historical NOCP” section of the web site Xxxxxx.xxx for the ticker symbol “XXXX.”

“OFAC” shall mean the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control.

“Ownership Limitation” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01(d)(i).

“Person” shall mean an individual, a corporation, a partnership, a limited liability company, a trust or other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.

“Plan of Distribution” shall mean the section of a Registration Statement disclosing the plan of distribution of the Shares.

“Pricing Period” shall mean the three (3) consecutive Trading Days commencing on the Advance Notice Date.

“Principal Market” shall mean the Nasdaq Capital Market.

“Promissory Note” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.05(a).

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“Prospectus” shall mean any prospectus (including, without limitation, all amendments and supplements thereto) used by the Company in connection with a Registration Statement.

“Prospectus Supplement” shall mean any prospectus supplement to a Prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, any Prospectus Supplement to be filed in accordance with Section 6.01 hereof.

“Purchase Price” in respect of any Advance Notice pursuant to Section 2.01(a), shall mean the price per Share obtained by multiplying the Market Price by 97%, and in an Advance Notice pursuant to Section 2.01(b), shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01(b)(ii).

“Registration Limitation” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01(d)(ii).

“Registration Statement” shall mean the Initial Registration Statement or another registration statement on a form promulgated by the SEC for which the Company then qualifies for the registration of the offer and sale of the Shares to be offered and sold by the Company to the Investor and the resale of such Shares by the Investor, as the same may be amended and supplemented from time to time and including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act and any successor registration statement filed by the Company with the SEC under the Securities Act on a form promulgated by the SEC for which the Company then qualifies and which form shall be available for the registration of the transactions contemplated hereunder.

“Regulation D” shall mean the provisions of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.

“Request” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.05(a).

“Sanctions” means any sanctions administered or enforced by OFAC, the U.S. State Department, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority.

“Sanctions Programs” means any OFAC economic sanction program (including, without limitation, programs related to Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria).

“SEC” shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“SEC Documents” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.06.

“Securities Act” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Settlement Document” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.02(a).

“Shares” shall mean the Common Shares to be issued from time to time hereunder pursuant to an Advance.

“Subsidiaries” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.01.

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Section 1.01“Trading Day” shall mean any day during which the Principal Market shall be open for business.

Section 1.02“Transaction Documents” shall mean, collectively, this Agreement and the Promissory Note.

Section 1.03“VWAP” means, for any Trading Day, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Shares for such Trading Day on the Principal Market during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P.

Article II. Advances

Section 2.01Advances; Mechanics. Upon the terms, and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, during the Commitment Period, the Company, at its sole and exclusive discretion, shall have the right, but not the obligation to issue and sell to the Investor, and the Investor shall purchase from the Company, Common Shares by the delivery to the Investor of Advance Notices, and the Investor, at its sole and exclusive discretion, shall have the right, but not the obligation, to purchase from the Company, and the Company shall issue and sell to the Investor, Common Shares by the delivery to the Investor of Advance Notices, in each case on the following terms:

(a) Advance Notice.  At any time during the Commitment Period, the Company may require the Investor to purchase Shares by delivering an Advance Notice to the Investor, subject to the conditions set forth in Section 7.01, and in accordance with the following provisions:

(i) The Company shall, in its sole discretion, select the amount of the Advance, not to exceed the Maximum Advance Amount, it desires to issue and sell to the Investor in each Advance Notice and the time it desires to deliver each such Advance Notice.

(ii) There shall be no mandatory minimum Advances and no non-usages fee for not utilizing the Commitment Amount or any part thereof.

(b) Investor Advance Notice. At any time during the Commitment Period, provided that there is an outstanding balance owed under the Promissory Note, the Investor may require the Company to issue and sell Shares by delivering an Advance Notice to the Company in accordance with the following provisions:

(i) The Investor shall, in its sole discretion, select the amount of the Advance, not to exceed the outstanding balance owed under the Promissory Note, it desires to purchase from the Company in each Advance Notice and the time it desires to deliver each such Advance Notice.

(ii) The Purchase Price of the Shares in respect of any Advance Notice delivered by the Investor shall be equal to $3.75, provided however, if the conversion price set forth in the Promissory Note as of the date of delivery of such Advance Notice has been modified, adjusted or changed, then the

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Purchase Price for such Advance Notice shall be the conversion price then in effect pursuant to the Promissory Note.

(c) Date of Delivery of Advance Notice. Advance Notices shall be delivered in accordance with the instructions set forth at the bottom of Exhibit A. An Advance Notice shall be deemed delivered on (i) the day it is received by the receiving party if such notice is received by email on or before 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time in accordance with the instructions set forth at the bottom of Exhibit A, or (ii) the immediately succeeding day if it is received by email after 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time, in each case in accordance with the instructions set forth at the bottom of Exhibit A.

(d) Advance Limitations. Regardless of the amount of an Advance requested by the Company or by the Investor in the Advance Notice, the final number of Shares to be issued and sold pursuant to an Advance Notice shall be reduced in accordance with each of the following limitations:

(i) Ownership Limitation; Commitment Amount. At the request of the Company, the Investor will inform the Company of the amount of shares the Investor currently beneficially owns. In no event shall the number of Common Shares issuable to the Investor pursuant to an Advance cause the aggregate number of Common Shares beneficially owned (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act) by the Investor and its Affiliates (on an aggregated basis) to exceed 4.99% of the then outstanding Common Shares (the “Ownership Limitation”). In connection with each Advance Notice, any portion of the Advance that would (i) cause the Investor to exceed the Ownership Limitation or (ii) cause the aggregate number of Shares issued and sold to the Investor hereunder to exceed the Commitment Amount shall automatically be withdrawn with no further action required by the Company or the Investor, and such Advance Notice shall be deemed automatically modified to reduce the amount of the Advance requested by an amount equal to such withdrawn portion; provided that in the event of any such automatic withdrawal and automatic modification, the Investor will promptly notify the Company of such event.

(ii) Registration and Exchange Limitation. In no event shall an Advance exceed the amount registered under the Registration Statement then in effect (the “Registration Limitation”). In connection with each Advance Notice, any portion of an Advance that would exceed the Registration Limitation shall automatically be withdrawn with no further action required by the Company or the Investor and such Advance Notice shall be deemed automatically modified to reduce the aggregate amount of the requested Advance by an amount equal to such withdrawn portion in respect of each Advance Notice; provided that in the event of any such automatic withdrawal and automatic modification, Investor will promptly notify the Company of such event.

(e) Minimum Acceptable Price.

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(i) With respect to each Advance Notice delivered by the Company, the Company may, but shall be under no obligation to, notify the Investor of the Minimum Acceptable Price with respect to such Advance by indicating a Minimum Acceptable Price on such Advance Notice. If no Minimum Acceptable Price is specified in an Advance Notice, then no Minimum Acceptable Price shall be in effect in connection with such Advance. Each Trading Day during a Pricing Period for which (A) with respect to each Advance Notice with a Minimum Acceptable Price, the VWAP of the Common Shares is below the Minimum Acceptable Price in effect with respect to such Advance Notice, or (B) there is no VWAP (each such day, an “Excluded Day”), shall result in an automatic reduction to the amount of the Advance set forth in such Advance Notice by one-third (the resulting amount of each Advance being the “Adjusted Advance Amount”), and each Excluded Day shall be excluded from the Pricing Period for purposes of determining the Market Price.

(ii) The total Shares in respect of each Advance (after reductions have been made to arrive at the Adjusted Advance Amount) shall be automatically increased by such number of Common Shares (the “Additional Shares”) equal to the number of Common Shares sold by the Investor on such Excluded Day, if any, and the price paid per share for each Additional Share shall be equal to the Minimum Acceptable Price in effect with respect to such Advance Notice (without any further discount), provided that this increase shall not cause the total Advance to exceed the amount set forth in the original Advance Notice or any limitations set forth in Section 2.01(c).

(f) Unconditional Contract. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, the Company and the Investor acknowledge and agree that upon the receipt by the other party of a valid Advance Notice the parties shall be deemed to have entered into an unconditional contract binding on both parties for the purchase and sale of Shares pursuant to such Advance Notice in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

Section 2.02Closings. The closing of each Advance and each sale and purchase of Shares related to each Advance (each, a “Closing”) shall take place as soon as practicable on or after each Advance Date in accordance with the procedures set forth below. The parties acknowledge that in respect of an Advance Notice delivered pursuant to Section 2.01(a), the Purchase Price will not be known at the time the Advance Notice is delivered (at which time the parties are irrevocably bound) but shall be determined on each Closing based on the daily prices of the Common Shares that are the inputs to the determination of the Purchase Price as set forth further below. In connection with each Closing, the Company and the Investor shall fulfill each of its obligations as set forth below:

(a) On each Advance Date, the Investor shall deliver to the Company a written document, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (each a “Settlement Document”), setting forth the final number of Shares to be purchased by the Investor (taking into account any adjustments pursuant to Section 2.01), the Market Price, the applicable Purchase Price, the

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aggregate proceeds to be paid by the Investor to the Company, and a report by Bloomberg, L.P. indicating the VWAP for each of the Trading Days during the Pricing Period (or, if not reported on Bloomberg, L.P., another reporting service reasonably agreed to by the parties), in each case in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

(b) Promptly after receipt of the Settlement Document with respect to each Advance (and, in any event, not later than one Trading Day after such receipt), the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer such number of Shares to be purchased by the Investor (as set forth in the Settlement Document) by crediting the Investor’s account or its designee’s account at the Depository Trust Company through its Deposit Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto, and transmit notification to the Investor that such share transfer has been requested. Promptly upon receipt of such notification, the Investor shall pay to the Company the aggregate purchase price of the Shares (as set forth in the Settlement Document) either (i) in respect of an Advance Notice delivered pursuant to Section 2.01(a), in cash in immediately available funds to an account designated by the Company in writing and transmit notification to the Company that such funds transfer has been requested, or (ii) in respect of an Advance Notice delivered pursuant to Section 2.01(b), by offsetting the amount of the aggregate purchase price of the Shares to be paid by Investor against an equal amount outstanding under the Promissory Note (first towards accrued and unpaid interest, and then towards outstanding principal, with no deduction for any Payment Premium, as defined in the Promissory Note). No fractional shares shall be issued, and any fractional amounts shall be rounded to the next higher whole number of shares. To facilitate the transfer of the Common Shares by the Investor, the Common Shares will not bear any restrictive legends so long as there is an effective Registration Statement covering such Common Shares (it being understood and agreed by the Investor that notwithstanding the lack of restrictive legends, the Investor may only sell such Common Shares in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act (including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements) or pursuant to an available exemption).

(c) On or prior to the Advance Date, each of the Company and the Investor shall deliver to the other all documents, instruments and writings expressly required to be delivered by either of them pursuant to this Agreement in order to implement and effect the transactions contemplated herein.

(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if on any day during the applicable Pricing Period (i) the Company notifies the Investor that a Material Outside Event has occurred, or (ii) the Company notifies the Investor of a Black Out Period, the parties agree that the pending Advance shall end and the final number of Shares to be purchased by the Investor at the Closing for such Advance shall be equal to the number of Common Shares sold by the Investor during the applicable Pricing Period prior to the notification from the Company of a Material Outside Event or Black Out Period.

Section 2.03Hardship.

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(a) In the event the Investor sells Common Shares after receipt of an Advance Notice and the Company fails to perform its obligations as mandated in Section 2.02, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Article V hereto and in addition to any other remedy to which the Investor is entitled at law or in equity, including, without limitation, specific performance, it will hold the Investor harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses for one counsel), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company and acknowledges that irreparable damage may occur in the event of any such default provided that such loss, claim, damage or expense did not result from the willful misconduct, gross negligence or fraud of the Investor.  It is accordingly agreed that the Investor shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent such breaches of this Agreement and to specifically enforce (subject to Applicable Laws and other rules of the SEC and of the Principal Market), without the posting of a bond or other security, the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

(b) In the event the Company provides an Advance Notice and the Investor fails to perform its obligations as mandated in Section 2.02, the Investor agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Article V hereto and in addition to any other remedy to which the Company is entitled at law or in equity, including, without limitation, specific performance, it will hold the Company harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses for one counsel), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Investor and acknowledges that irreparable damage may occur in the event of any such default provided that such loss, claim, damage or expense did not result from the willful misconduct, gross negligence or fraud of the Company. It is accordingly agreed that the Company shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent such breaches of this Agreement and to specifically enforce (subject to Applicable Laws and other rules of the SEC and of the Principal Market), without the posting of a bond or other security, the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

Section 2.04Completion of Resale Pursuant to the Registration Statement.  The Company will be under no further obligation to maintain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement after the earlier to occur of (a) the date on which the Investor has purchased the full Commitment Amount and has completed the subsequent resale of the full Commitment Amount pursuant to the Registration Statement (Investor agrees to notify the Company when all subsequent resales are completed), (b) the 180th day following the date on which the Investor has purchased the full Commitment Amount, or (c) the 180th day following the termination of this Agreement in accordance with its terms.

Section 2.05Pre-Advance Loan.

(a) Subject to the satisfaction (or waiver) of the conditions precedent to a Pre-Advance Loan set forth in Section 2.06 below, the Company shall have the option to, but in no way shall be obligated to, issue and sell to the Investor, and the Investor shall purchase from the Company, the convertible promissory note (the “Promissory Note”) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C with a principal amount of $15,000,000 (the “Principal Amount”) for

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a purchase price equal to $14,700,000 (the “Purchase Price”) by providing written notice of such request to the Investor on the date hereof (the “Request”).

(b) Pre-Advance Loan Closing. The closing of the issuance and sale of the Promissory Note (the “Pre-Advance Closing”) shall occur at the offices Yorkville Advisors Global, LP, 0000 Xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxx, XX 00000. The Pre-Advance Closing shall take place on the second Trading Day following the date of such Request, provided that the conditions to the Pre-Advance Closing set forth in Section 2.05(c) below are satisfied or waived (or such other date as is mutually agreed to by the Company and the Investor) (the “Pre-Advance Date”).

(c) Form of Payment. Subject to the satisfaction of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on the Pre-Advance Date (i) the Investor shall deliver to the Company the Purchase Price of the Promissory Note to be issued and sold to the Investor on the Pre-Advance Closing in immediately available funds to an account designated by the Company in writing and transmit notification to the Company that such funds transfer has been requested, and (ii) the Company shall deliver to the Investor, the Promissory Note duly executed on behalf of the Company in the Principal Amount.

(d) Conditions Precedent to the Pre-Advance Loan. The obligations of the Investor to purchase the Promissory Note shall be subject to the timely performance by the Company of their obligations hereunder, and the satisfaction, unless waived by the Investor, as of the Pre-Advance Date, of each of the following conditions:

(i) Advance Notice Conditions. The satisfaction of all the conditions precedent to the right of the Company to deliver an Advance Notice set forth in Section 7.01(a), (d), (e), and (f) shall be satisfied.

(ii) Registration of the Common Shares with the SEC. There is an effective Registration Statement pursuant to which the Investor is permitted to utilize the prospectus thereunder to resell Common Shares issuable pursuant to Advance Notices under this Agreement and the market value of the Common Shares available thereunder (based on the average of the daily VWAP during the five Trading Days prior to the Pre-Advance Date) shall be no less than 1.5 times the Principal Amount.

(iii) Authority. The issuance of the Promissory Note and the performance by the Company thereunder, including, without limitation, the issuance of Common Shares upon conversion by the Investor thereunder, and payment obligations thereunder, is legally permitted by all laws and regulations to which the Company is subject and is not in conflict with, or prohibited by, the organizational documents of the Company, or any contract, agreement, loan facility, or arrangement with any third party.

(iv) No Suspension of Trading in or Delisting of Common Shares. The Common Shares are quoted for trading on the Primary Market. The Company shall

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have the capacity to issue such number of Common Shares with a market value (based on the average of the daily VWAP during the five Trading Days prior to the Pre-Advance Date) of no less than 1.5 times the principal amount of the Promissory Note without breaching the Exchange Cap. The Company shall not have received any written notice that is then still pending threatening the continued quotation of the Common Shares on the Primary Market.

(v) Bring Down Certificate. The Investor shall have received on and as of the Pre-Advance Date a certificate of an executive officer of the Company confirming that all of the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Pre-Advance Date, and that the Company has complied with all agreements and covenants in all material respects and satisfied all other conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Pre-Advance Date.

(vi) Closing Statement. The Investor shall have received a letter, duly executed by an officer of the Company, setting forth wire transfer instructions of the Company for the payment of the Purchase Price by the Investor.

Article III. Representations and Warranties of Investor

The Investor represents and warrants to the Company, as of the date hereof, the Pre-Advance Date, each Advance Notice Date and each Advance Date that:

Section 3.01Organization and Authorization. The Investor is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the Cayman Islands and has all requisite power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents to which it is a party, including all transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The decision to invest and the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party by the Investor, the performance by the Investor of its obligations hereunder and thereunder and the consummation by the Investor of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized and require no other proceedings on the part of the Investor. The undersigned has the right, power and authority to execute and deliver the Transaction Documents to which it is a party and all other instruments on behalf of the Investor or its shareholders. This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which the Investor is a party have been duly executed and delivered by the Investor and, assuming the execution and delivery hereof and acceptance thereof by the Company, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Investor, enforceable against the Investor in accordance with its terms.

Section 3.02Evaluation of Risks. The Investor has such knowledge and experience in financial, tax and business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of, and bearing the economic risks entailed by, an investment in the Common Shares and the Promissory Note and of protecting its interests in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby. The Investor

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acknowledges and agrees that its investment in the Company involves a high degree of risk, and that the Investor may lose all or a part of its investment.

Section 3.03No Legal, Investment or Tax Advice from the Company. The Investor acknowledges that it had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents with its own legal counsel and investment and tax advisors. The Investor is relying solely on such counsel and advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of the Company’s representatives or agents for legal, tax, investment or other advice with respect to the Investor’s acquisition of Common Shares or the Promissory Note hereunder, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the laws of any jurisdiction, and the Investor acknowledges that the Investor may lose all or a part of its investment.

Section 3.04Investment Purpose. The Investor is acquiring the Common Shares and the Promissory Note for its own account, for investment purposes and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof, in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws; provided, however, that by making the representations herein, the Investor does not agree, or make any representation or warranty, to hold any of the Shares for any minimum or other specific term and reserves the right to dispose of the Shares at any time in accordance with, or pursuant to, a registration statement filed pursuant to this Agreement or an applicable exemption under the Securities Act. The Investor does not presently have any agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any Person to sell or distribute any of the Shares. The Investor is acquiring the Shares hereunder in the ordinary course of its business. The Investor acknowledges that it will be disclosed as an “underwriter” and a “selling stockholder” in each Registration Statement and in any prospectus contained therein to the extent required by applicable law and to the extent the prospectus is related to the resale of the Shares.

Section 3.05Accredited Investor. The Investor is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a)(3) of Regulation D.

Section 3.06Information. The Investor and its advisors (and its counsel), if any, have been furnished with all materials relating to the business, finances and operations of the Company and information the Investor deemed material to making an informed investment decision. The Investor and its advisors (and its counsel), if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company and its management and have received answers to such questions. Neither such inquiries nor any other due diligence investigations conducted by such Investor or its advisors (and its counsel), if any, or its representatives shall modify, amend or affect the Investor’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement. The Investor acknowledges and agrees that the Company has not made to the Investor, and the Investor acknowledges and agrees it has not relied upon, any representations and warranties of the Company, its employees or any third party other than the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement.  The Investor understands that its investment involves a high degree of risk.  The Investor has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice, as it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby.

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Section 3.07Not an Affiliate. The Investor is not an officer, director or a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company or any “affiliate” of the Company (as that term is defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act).

Section 3.01No Prior Short Sales. At no time prior to the date of this Agreement has the Investor, its sole member, any of their respective officers or any entity managed or controlled by the Investor or its sole member engaged in or effected, in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, for its own principal account, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Shares or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Shares that remains in effect as of the date of this Agreement.

Article IV. Representations and Warranties of the Company

Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, the Company represents and warrants to the Investor, as of the date hereof, the Pre-Advance Date, each Advance Notice Date and each Advance Date (other than representations and warranties that address matters only as of a certain date, which shall be true and correct as written as of such certain date), that:

Section 4.01Organization and Qualification. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as defined below) is an entity duly organized and validly existing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization or incorporation, and has the requisite power and authority to own its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted.  Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing (to the extent applicable) in every jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a Material Adverse Effect.  “Subsidiaries” means any Person (as defined below) in which the Company, directly or indirectly, (x) owns a majority of the outstanding capital stock or holds a majority equity or similar interest of such Person or (y) controls or operates all or substantially all of the business, operations or administration of such Person, and each of the foregoing, is individually referred to herein as a “Subsidiary.”

Section 4.02Authorization, Enforcement, Compliance with Other Instruments. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement, the Promissory Note and the other Transaction Documents and to issue the Shares in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof. The execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Common Shares) have been or (with respect to consummation) will be duly authorized by the Company’s board of directors and except for consents that have already been obtained prior to the date of this Agreement, no further consent or authorization will be required by the Company, its board of directors, its shareholders or other parties.  This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party have been (or, when executed and delivered, will be) duly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming the execution and delivery thereof and acceptance by the Investor, constitute (or, when duly executed and delivered, will be) the legal,

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valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or other laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors’ rights and remedies and except as rights to indemnification and to contribution may be limited by federal or state securities law.

Section 4.03Authorization of the Shares. The Shares to be issued under this Agreement have been, or with respect to Shares to be purchased by the Investor pursuant to an Advance Notice, will be, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, against payment therefor as provided herein, duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim, including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Shares, when issued, will conform to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.

Section 4.04No Conflict. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Common Shares pursuant to an Advance or upon a conversion of the Promissory Note) will not (i) result in a violation of the articles of incorporation or other organizational documents of the Company or its Subsidiaries (with respect to consummation, as the same may be amended prior to the date on which any of the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated), (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Company or its Subsidiaries is a party (including, without limitation the at the market sales agreement dated April 26, 2022), or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws and regulations) applicable to the Company or its Subsidiaries or by which any property or asset of the Company or its Subsidiaries is bound or affected except, in the case of clause (iii) above, to the extent such violations that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 4.05No Default. Except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company is not in default in the performance or observance of any material obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, debenture, mortgage, deed of trust or other material instrument or agreement to which it is a party or by which it or its property is bound.

Section 4.06SEC Documents. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act since December 13, 2021 (all of the foregoing filed since December 13, 2021 or amended after the date hereof, or filed after the date hereof, and all exhibits included therein and financial statements and schedules thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, and all registration statements filed by the Company under the Securities Act, being hereinafter referred to as the “SEC

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Documents”). The Company has made available to the Investor through the SEC’s website at xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx, true and complete copies of the SEC Documents.

Section 4.07Financial Statements. The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in SEC Documents, together with the related notes and schedules, present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity of the Company for the periods specified and have been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act and in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis (except for (i) such adjustments to accounting standards and practices as are noted therein, (ii) in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, to the extent such financial statements may not include footnotes required by GAAP or may be condensed or summary statements and (iii) such adjustments which will not be material, either individually or in the aggregate) during the periods involved; the other financial and statistical data with respect to the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) contained or incorporated by reference in the SEC Documents are accurately and fairly presented and prepared on a basis consistent with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma) that are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the SEC Documents that are not included or incorporated by reference as required; the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) do not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), not described in the SEC Documents (excluding the exhibits thereto); and all disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the SEC Documents regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC) comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the SEC Documents fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the SEC’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

Section 4.08Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto has been declared effective by the SEC under the Securities Act. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, or any post-effective amendment thereto has been issued under the Securities Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any base prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the SEC. Copies of each Registration Statement, any Prospectus, and any such amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed with the SEC on or prior to the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through XXXXX, to the Investor and its counsel. The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution of the Shares, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares other than a Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

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Section 4.09No Misstatement or Omission. Each Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, and any Prospectus, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. At each Advance Date, the Registration Statement, and the Prospectus, as of such date, will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. Each Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, did not, and will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. Each Prospectus did not, or will not, include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference in a Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein will not, when filed with the SEC, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by the Investor specifically for use in the preparation thereof.

Section 4.10Conformity with Securities Act and Exchange Act. Each Registration Statement, each Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, and the documents incorporated by reference in each Registration Statement, Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, when such documents were or are filed with the SEC under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.

Section 4.11Equity Capitalization.  As of the date hereof, the authorized capital of the Company consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of May 31, 2022, the Company had 104,726,780  shares of common stock outstanding and 9,566 shares of preferred stock outstanding. The Common Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and is currently listed on the Principal Market under the trading symbol “XXXX.” The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Shares under the Exchange Act, delisting the Common Shares from the Principal Market, nor has the Company received any notification that the SEC or the Principal Market is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. To the Company’s knowledge, it is in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of the Principal Market.

Section 4.12Intellectual Property Rights. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries own, possess, license or have other rights to use all foreign and domestic patents, patent applications, trade and service marks, trade and service xxxx registrations, trade names, copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets, technology, Internet domain names, know-how and other intellectual property (collectively, the “Intellectual Property”), necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as now conducted except to the extent that the failure to own, possess, license or otherwise hold adequate rights to use such Intellectual Property would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

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Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (i) there are no rights of third parties to any such Intellectual Property owned by the Company and its Subsidiaries; (ii) to the Company’s knowledge, there is no infringement by third parties of any such Intellectual Property; (iii) there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ rights in or to any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which could form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim; (iv) there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity or scope of any such Intellectual Property; (v) there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Company and its Subsidiaries infringe or otherwise violate any patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret or other proprietary rights of others; (vi) to the Company’s knowledge, there is no third-party U.S. patent or published U.S. patent application which contains claims for which an Interference Proceeding (as defined in 35 U.S.C. § 135) has been commenced against any patent or patent application described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as being owned by or licensed to the Company; and (vii) the Company and its Subsidiaries have complied with the terms of each agreement pursuant to which Intellectual Property has been licensed to the Company or such Subsidiary, and all such agreements are in full force and effect, except, in the case of any of clauses (i)-(vii) above, for any such infringement by third parties or any such pending or threatened suit, action, proceeding or claim as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 4.13Employee Relations. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened which would result in a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 4.14Environmental Laws. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign Laws relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, “Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus; and (iii) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above, for any such failure to comply or failure to receive required permits, licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. No facts or circumstances have come to the Company’s attention with respect to its compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license or approval that could result in costs or liabilities that could be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect

Section 4.15Title. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all items of real property owned by them, good and valid title to all personal property described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as being owned by them that are material to the businesses of the Company or such Subsidiary, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and claims,

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except those matters that (i) do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.  Any real or personal property described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as being leased by the Company and any of its Subsidiaries is held by them under valid, existing and enforceable leases, except those that (A) do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (B) would not be reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 4.16Insurance. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company and each of its Subsidiaries reasonably believe are adequate for the conduct of their business.

Section 4.17Regulatory Permits. Except as would not cause a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries possess all material certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to own their respective businesses, and neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has received any written notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permits.

Section 4.18Internal Accounting Controls. The Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.

Section 4.19Absence of Litigation. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, there are no actions, suits or proceedings by or before any governmental authority pending, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any audits or investigations by or before any governmental authority, to which the Company or a Subsidiary is a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect and, to the Company’s knowledge, no such actions, suits, proceedings, audits or investigations are threatened or contemplated by any governmental authority or threatened by others; and (i) there are no current or pending audits, investigations, actions, suits or proceedings by or before any governmental authority that are required under the Securities Act to be described in  Prospectus that are not so described; and (ii) there are no contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not so filed.

Section 4.20Subsidiaries. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, the Company does not presently have any other material Subsidiaries.

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Section 4.21Tax Status.  The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which have been required to be filed and paid all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in good faith, except where the failure to so file or pay would not have a Material Adverse Effect.  Except as otherwise disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which has had, or would have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.  The Company has no knowledge of any federal, state or other governmental tax deficiency, penalty or assessment which has been or might be asserted or threatened against it which would have a Material Adverse Effect.

Section 4.22Certain Transactions. Except as not required to be disclosed pursuant to Applicable Law, none of the officers or directors of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer or director, or to the knowledge of the Company, any corporation, partnership, trust or other entity in which any officer or director has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner.

Section 4.23Rights of First Refusal. The Company is not obligated to offer the Common Shares offered hereunder on a right of first refusal basis to any third parties including, but not limited to, current or former shareholders of the Company, underwriters, brokers, agents or other third parties.

Section 4.24Acknowledgment Regarding Investor’s Purchase of Shares. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Investor is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length investor with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereunder. The Company further acknowledges that the Investor is not acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereunder and any advice given by the Investor or any of its representatives or agents in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereunder is merely incidental to the Investor’s purchase of the Shares hereunder or the Promissory Note. The Company is aware and acknowledges that it shall not be able to request Advances under this Agreement if the Registration Statement is not effective or if any issuances of Common Shares pursuant to any Advances would violate any rules of the Principal Market. The Company acknowledged and agrees that it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Section 4.25Relationship of the Parties. Neither the Company, nor any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf is a client or customer of the Investor or any of its affiliates and neither the Investor nor any of its affiliates has provided, or will provide, any services to the Company or any of its affiliates, its subsidiaries, or any person acting on its or their behalf. The Investor’s relationship to Company is solely as investor as provided for in the Transaction Documents.

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Section 4.26Compliance with Laws. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all Applicable Laws (including all Environmental Laws) in the jurisdictions in which it carries on business; the Company has not received a notice of non-compliance, nor knows of, nor has reasonable grounds to know of, any facts that could give rise to a notice of non-compliance with any such Laws, and is not aware of any pending change or contemplated change to any applicable Law or governmental position; in each case except which such failure to so be in compliance would not result in a Material Adverse Event.

Section 4.27Sanctions Matters.  Neither the Company, nor any Subsidiary of the Company, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, is a Person that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is:

(a) on the list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons maintained by OFAC from time to time;

(b) the subject of any Sanctions; or

(c) has a place of business in, or is operating, organized, resident or doing business in a country or territory that is, or whose government is, the subject of Sanctions Programs (including without limitation Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria).

Article V. Indemnification

The Investor and the Company represent to the other the following with respect to itself:

Section 5.01Indemnification by the Company. In consideration of the Investor’s execution and delivery of this Agreement, and in addition to all of the Company’s other obligations under this Agreement, the Company shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless the Investor and its investment manager, Yorkville Advisors Global, LP, and each of their respective officers, directors, partners, employees and agents (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) and each person who controls the Investor within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively, the “Investor Indemnitees”) from and against any and all actions, causes of action, suits, claims, losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities and damages, and reasonable and documented expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Investor Indemnitee is a party to the action for which indemnification hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements (the “Indemnified Liabilities”), incurred by the Investor Indemnitees or any of them as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement for the registration of the Shares as originally filed or in any amendment thereof, or in any related prospectus, or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of any willful misconduct, gross negligence or fraud of the Investor or is based upon any untrue

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statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Investor specifically for inclusion therein; (b) any material misrepresentation or breach of any material representation or material warranty made by the Company in this Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby; or (c) any material breach of any material covenant, material agreement or material obligation of the Company contained in this Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable under Applicable Law, the Company shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities, which is permissible under Applicable Law.

Section 5.02Indemnification by the Investor. In consideration of the Company’s execution and delivery of this Agreement, and in addition to all of the Investor’s other obligations under this Agreement, the Investor shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless the Company and all of its officers, directors, shareholders, employees and agents (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) and each person who controls the Investor within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively, the “Company Indemnitees”) from and against any and all Indemnified Liabilities incurred by the Company Indemnitees or any of them as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement for the registration of the Shares as originally filed or in any amendment thereof, or in any related prospectus, or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that the Investor will only be liable for written information relating to the Investor furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Investor specifically for inclusion in the documents referred to in the foregoing indemnity; (b) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Investor in this Agreement or any instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby executed by the Investor; or (c) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Investor(s) contained in this Agreement or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby executed by the Investor. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Investor may be unenforceable under Applicable Law, the Investor shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities, which is permissible under Applicable Law.

Section 5.03Notice of Claim. Promptly after receipt by an Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including any governmental action or proceeding) involving an Indemnified Liability, such Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee, as applicable, shall, if a claim for an Indemnified Liability in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Article V, deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof; but the failure to so notify the indemnifying party will not relieve it of liability under this Article V except to the extent the indemnifying party is prejudiced by such failure. The indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually reasonably satisfactory to the indemnifying party and the Investor Indemnitee or

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Company Indemnitee, as the case may be; provided, however, that an Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the actual and reasonable third party fees and expenses of not more than one counsel for such Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee to be paid by the indemnifying party, if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel retained by the indemnifying party, the representation by such counsel of the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee and the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee and any other party represented by such counsel in such proceeding. The Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee shall cooperate fully with the indemnifying party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action or claim by the indemnifying party and shall furnish to the indemnifying party all information reasonably available to the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee which relates to such action or claim. The indemnifying party shall keep the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee reasonably apprised as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any action, claim or proceeding effected without its prior written consent, provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee of a release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the indemnifying party shall be subrogated to all rights of the Investor Indemnitee or Company Indemnitee with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The indemnification required by this Article V shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received and payment therefor is due.

Section 5.04Remedies. The remedies provided for in this Article V are not exclusive and shall not limit any right or remedy which may be available to any indemnified person at law or equity. The obligations of the parties to indemnify or make contribution under this Article V shall survive expiration or termination of this Agreement for a period of three years.

Section 5.05Limitation of liability. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no party shall be entitled to recover from the other party for punitive, indirect, incidental or consequential damages.

Article VI.

Covenants of the Company

The Company covenants with the Investor, and the Investor covenants with the Company, as follows, which covenants of one party are for the benefit of the other party:

Section 6.01Registration Statement.

(a) The Registration Statement. The Company has filed, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, with the SEC a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File Number 333-262226) (the “Initial Registration

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Statement”) including a base prospectus, with respect to the issuance and sale of securities by the Company, including Common Shares and debt securities, which contains, among other things a Plan of Distribution section disclosing the methods by which the Company may sell the securities. The Initial Registration Statement was declared effective on February 4, 2022 and remains in effect on the date hereof. Except where the context otherwise requires, the Initial Registration Statement, as amended when it became effective, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus subsequently filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act or deemed to be a part of the Initial Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act, is herein called the “Registration Statement.”

(b) Initial Disclosure. Promptly, and in any event no later than two days after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall file with the SEC a Prospectus Supplement pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act disclosing the information or disclosure necessary to register the Shares. No less than one business day prior to the filing of such Prospectus Supplement the Company shall furnish to the Investor copies of such documents proposed to be filed, which documents will be subject to the reasonable and prompt review of the Investor and the Investor shall furnish comments on such documents, if any, within 24 hours of receipt thereof. On each Advance Date the Company shall file with the SEC a Prospectus Supplement pursuant to the Securities Act providing the information or disclosure necessary to register the Shares issued pursuant to such Advance.

(c) Maintaining a Registration Statement. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the effectiveness of any Registration Statement with respect to the securities issued hereunder at all times during the Commitment Period, provided, however, that the Company shall be under no further obligation to maintain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement to the extent permitted pursuant to Section 2.04. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company shall ensure that, when filed, each Registration Statement (including, without limitation, all amendments and supplements thereto) and the prospectus (including, without limitation, all amendments and supplements thereto) used in connection with such Registration Statement shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of prospectuses, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made) not misleading. During the Commitment Period, the Company shall notify the Investor promptly if (i) the Registration Statement shall cease to be effective under the Securities Act, (ii) the Common Shares shall cease to be authorized for listing on the Principal Market, (iii) the Common Shares cease to be registered under Section 12(b) or Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act or (iv) the Company fails to file in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of it as a reporting company under the Exchange Act.

(d) Reserved.

(e) Delivery of Final Documents. The Company shall furnish to the Investor without charge, (i) at least one copy of each Registration Statement as declared effective by the SEC and

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any amendment(s) thereto, including financial statements and schedules, all documents incorporated therein by reference, all exhibits and each preliminary prospectus, (ii) at the request of the Investor, at least one copy of the final prospectus included in such Registration Statement and all amendments and supplements thereto (or such other number of copies as the Investor may reasonably request) and (iii) such other documents as the Investor may reasonably request from time to time in order to facilitate the disposition of the Common Shares owned by the Investor pursuant to a Registration Statement. Filing of the forgoing with the SEC via its XXXXX system shall satisfy the requirements of this section.

(f) Amendments and Other Filings. The Company shall (i) prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to a Registration Statement and the related prospectus used in connection with such Registration Statement, which prospectus is to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 promulgated under the Securities Act, as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective at all times during the Commitment Period.

(g) Blue-Sky. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to, if required by Applicable Law, (i) register and qualify the Common Shares covered by a Registration Statement under such other securities or “blue sky” laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as the Investor reasonably requests, (ii) prepare and file in those jurisdictions, such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registrations and qualifications as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness thereof during the Commitment Period, (iii) take such other actions as may be necessary to maintain such registrations and qualifications in effect at all times during the Commitment Period, and (iv) take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable to qualify the Common Shares for sale in such jurisdictions; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to (w) make any change to its Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, (x) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 6.01(f), (y) subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, or (z) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction. The Company shall promptly notify the Investor of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the registration or qualification of any of the Common Shares for sale under the securities or “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction in the United States or its receipt of actual notice of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such purpose.

Section 6.02Suspension of Registration Statement.

(a) Establishment of a Black Out Period.  During the Commitment Period, the Company from time to time may suspend the use of the Registration Statement by written notice to the Investor in the event that the Company determines in its sole discretion in good faith that such suspension is necessary to (A) delay the disclosure of material nonpublic information concerning the Company, the disclosure of which at the time is not, in the good faith opinion of the Company, in the best interests of the Company or (B) amend or supplement the Registration Statement or prospectus so that such Registration Statement or prospectus

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shall not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (a “Black Out Period”).

(b) No Sales by Investor During the Black Out Period.  During such Black Out Period, the Investor agrees not to sell any Common Shares of the Company.

(c) Limitations on the Black Out Period.  The Company shall not impose any Black Out Period that is longer than 45 days or in a manner that is more restrictive (including without limitation, as to duration) than the comparable restrictions that the Company may impose on transfers of the Company’s equity securities by its directors and senior executive officers for so long as the Promissory Note remains outstanding. Neither the Company nor the Investor shall not deliver any Advance Notice during any Black Out Period. If the public announcement of such material, nonpublic information is made during a Black Out Period, the Black Out Period shall terminate immediately after such announcement, and the Company shall immediately notify the Investor of the termination of the Black Out Period.

Section 6.03Listing of Common Shares. Prior to Closing, the Shares to be sold by the Company from time to time hereunder will have been registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and approved for listing on the Principal Market, subject to official notice of issuance.

Section 6.04Opinion of Counsel. Prior to the earlier of (i) the date of the delivery by the Company of the first Advance Notice and (ii) the Pre-Advance Date, the Investor shall have received an opinion letter from counsel to the Company in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Investor.

Section 6.05Exchange Act Registration. The Company will file in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of it as a reporting company under the Exchange Act and will not take any action or file any document (whether or not permitted by Exchange Act or the rules thereunder) to terminate or suspend its reporting and filing obligations under the Exchange Act.

Section 6.06Transfer Agent Instructions. For any time while there is a Registration Statement in effect for this transaction, the Company shall (if required by the transfer agent for the Common Shares) cause legal counsel for the Company to deliver to the transfer agent for the Common Shares (with a copy to the Investor) instructions to issue Common Shares to the Investor free of restrictive legends upon each Advance if the delivery of such instructions are consistent with Applicable Law.

Section 6.07Corporate Existence. The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to preserve and continue the corporate existence of the Company during the Commitment Period.

Section 6.08Notice of Certain Events Affecting Registration; Suspension of Right to Make an Advance. The Company will promptly notify the Investor, and confirm in writing, upon its becoming aware of the occurrence of any of the following events in respect of a Registration Statement or related prospectus relating to an offering of Common Shares (in each of which cases

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the information provided to Investor will be kept strictly confidential): (i) except for requests made in connection with SEC investigations disclosed in SEC Documents, receipt of any request for additional information by the SEC or any other Federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any request for amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or related prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the SEC or any other Federal governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Common Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or written threat of any proceeding for such purpose; (iv) the happening of any event that makes any statement made in the Registration Statement or related prospectus or any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, related prospectus or documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and that in the case of the related prospectus, it will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or of the necessity to amend the Registration Statement or supplement a related prospectus to comply with the Securities Act or any other law; and (v) the Company’s reasonable determination that a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement would be appropriate; and the Company will promptly make available to the Investor any such supplement or amendment to the related prospectus. The Company shall not deliver to the Investor any Advance Notice, and the Company shall not sell any Shares pursuant to any pending Advance Notice (other than as required pursuant to Section 2.02(d)), during the continuation of any of the foregoing events (each of the events described in the immediately preceding clauses (i) through (v), inclusive, a “Material Outside Event”).

Section 6.09Consolidation. If an Advance Notice has been delivered to the Investor, then the Company shall not effect any consolidation of the Company with or into, or a transfer of all or substantially all the assets of the Company to another entity before the transaction contemplated in such Advance Notice has been closed in accordance with Section 2.02 hereof, and all Shares in connection with such Advance have been received by the Investor.

Section 6.10Market Activities. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company under Regulation M of the Exchange Act.

Section 6.11Expenses. The Company, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, including but not limited to (i) the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement and each amendment and supplement thereto, of each prospectus and of each amendment and supplement thereto; (ii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of any Shares issued pursuant to this Agreement, (iii) all reasonable fees and disbursements of the Company’s counsel, accountants and other advisors (but not, for the

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avoidance doubt, the fees and disbursements of Investor’s counsel, accountants and other advisors), (iv) the qualification of the Shares under securities laws in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, including filing fees in connection therewith, (v) the printing and delivery of copies of any prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, (vi) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing or qualification of the Shares for trading on the Principal Market, or (vii) if applicable, filing fees of the SEC and the Principal Market.

Section 6.12Current Report.  On or before 9:30 a.m., New York time, on the second business day after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall file a current report on Form 8-K describing all the material terms of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents in the form required by the Exchange Act and attaching all the material Transaction Documents required to be disclosed under the Exchange Act (including, without limitation, this Agreement (and all schedules to this Agreement) (including all attachments, the “Current Report”). The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries and each of its and their respective officers, directors, employees and agents not to, provide the Investor with any material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its Subsidiaries without the express prior written consent of the Investor (which may be granted or withheld in the Investor’s sole discretion and if granted must include an agreement to keep such information confidential until publicly disclosed); it being understood that the mere notification of Investor required pursuant to Section 6.08(iv) hereof shall not in and of itself be deemed to be material non-public information. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly agrees that it shall publicly disclose, no later than four (4) Business Days following the date hereof, but in any event prior to delivering the first Advance Notice hereunder, any information communicated to the Investor by or, to the knowledge of the Company, on behalf of the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated herein, which, following the date hereof would, if not so disclosed, constitute material, non-public information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries.

Section 6.13Advance Notice Limitation. The Company shall not deliver an Advance Notice if a shareholder meeting or corporate action date, or the record date for any shareholder meeting or any corporate action, would fall during the period beginning two Trading Days prior to the date of delivery of such Advance Notice and ending two Trading Days following the Closing of such Advance.

Section 6.14Other Sales. Without the prior written consent of the Investor, the Company will not, during the period beginning on the date on which any Advance Notice is delivered to the Investor hereunder and ending on the second Trading Day immediately following the Closing of such Advance (or, if the Advance Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Common Shares covered by a Advance Notice, the date of such suspension or termination), directly or indirectly, (i) offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Shares, or (ii) in any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Shares; provided, however, that such restrictions will not apply in connection with (i) the transactions contemplated

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hereby, (ii) the Company’s issuance or sale of Common Shares, options to purchase Common Shares or Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of options, pursuant to any stock option, or benefits plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented, (iii) the Company’s existing April 2022 “at the market” program (“ATM Program”), provided that the Company agrees it will not offer and sell under its ATM Program during an active Pricing Period under this Agreement without Investor consent, (iv) Common Shares issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on XXXXX or otherwise in writing to the Investor and (v) the issuance to investors, including directors and officers of the Company, of Common Shares or other securities of the Company in a private placement transaction. Prior to the termination of this Agreement, the Company shall not enter into any other transaction that would cause the securities issued in such transaction to be aggregated with the Common Shares to be issued hereunder for the purposes of the Nasdaq shareholder approval requirements. It is further agreed and understood that directors and officers of the Company shall be permitted to sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of any Company securities beneficially owned by them, including securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire Common Shares of the Company, prior to or following Advance Dates.

Section 6.15Use of Proceeds.  The Company will use the proceeds from the sale of the Common Shares hereunder and from the Promissory Note for working capital and other general corporate purposes or, if different, in a manner consistent with the application thereof described in the Registration Statement. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary will, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the transactions contemplated herein, or lend, contribute, facilitate or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Person (i) to fund, either directly or indirectly, any activities or business of or with any Person that is identified on the list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocker Persons maintained by OFAC, or in any country or territory, that, at the time of such funding, is, or whose government is, the subject of Sanctions or Sanctions Programs, or (ii) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions or Applicable Laws.

Section 6.16Reserved.

Section 6.17Market Activities. Neither the Company, nor any Subsidiary, nor any of their respective officers, directors or controlling persons will, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or might reasonably be expected to constitute or result, in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of Common Shares or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Common Shares in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Shares.

Section 6.18Trading Information. Upon the Company’s request, the Investor agrees to provide the Company with trading reports setting forth the number and average sales prices of shares of Common Stock sold by the Investor during the prior trading week.

Section 6.19Selling Restrictions. (i) Except as expressly set forth below, the Investor covenants that from and after the date hereof through and including the first Trading Day following the expiration or termination of this Agreement as provided in Section 11.01 (the “Restricted Period”),

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none of the Investor, any of its Affiliates, any of its officers or any entity managed or controlled by the Investor (collectively, the “Restricted Persons” and each of the foregoing is referred to herein as a “Restricted Person”) shall, directly or indirectly, (i) engage in any “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Shares or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to any securities of the Company (including the Common Shares), with respect to each of clauses (i) and (ii) hereof, either for its own principal account or for the principal account of any other Restricted Person. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is expressly understood and agreed that nothing contained herein shall (without implication that the contrary would otherwise be true) prohibit any Restricted Person during the Restricted Period from: (1) selling “long” (as defined under Rule 200 promulgated under Regulation SHO) the Shares; or (2) selling a number of shares of Class A Common equal to the number of Shares that such Restricted Person is unconditionally obligated to purchase under a pending Advance Notice but has not yet received from the Company or the transfer agent pursuant to this Agreement.

Article VII.

Conditions for Delivery of Advance Notice

Section 7.01Conditions Precedent to the Right of the Company to Deliver an Advance Notice. The right of the Company to deliver an Advance Notice and the obligations of the Investor hereunder with respect to an Advance is subject to the satisfaction or waiver, on each Advance Notice Date (a “Condition Satisfaction Date”), of each of the following conditions:

(a) Accuracy of the Company’s Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects.

(b) Registration of the Common Shares with the SEC. There is an effective Registration Statement pursuant to which the Investor is permitted to utilize the prospectus thereunder to resell all of the Common Shares issuable pursuant to such Advance Notice. The Company shall have filed with the SEC in a timely manner all reports, notices and other documents required under the Exchange Act and applicable SEC regulations during the twelve-month period immediately preceding the applicable Condition Satisfaction Date.

(c) Authority. The Company shall have obtained all permits and qualifications required by any applicable state for the offer and sale of all the Common Shares issuable pursuant to such Advance Notice or shall have the availability of exemptions therefrom. The sale and issuance of such Common Shares shall be legally permitted by all laws and regulations to which the Company is subject.

(d) No Material Outside Event. No Material Outside Event shall have occurred and be continuing.

(e) Performance by the Company. The Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this

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Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior the applicable Condition Satisfaction Date.

(f) No Injunction. No statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or endorsed by any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction that prohibits or directly, materially and adversely affects any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(g) No Suspension of Trading in or Delisting of Common Shares. The Common Shares are quoted for trading on the Principal Market and all the Shares issuable pursuant to such Advance Notice will be listed or quoted for trading on the Principal Market. The issuance of Common Shares with respect to the applicable Advance Notice will not violate the shareholder approval requirements of the Principal Market. The Company shall not have received any written notice that is then still pending threatening the continued quotation of the Common Shares on the Principal Market.

(h) Authorized. There shall be a sufficient number of authorized but unissued and otherwise unreserved Common Shares for the issuance of all of the Shares issuable pursuant to such Advance Notice.

(i) Executed Advance Notice. The representations contained in the applicable Advance Notice shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the applicable Condition Satisfaction Date.

(j) Consecutive Advance Notices. Except with respect to the first Advance Notice, the applicable Pricing Period for all prior Advances shall have been completed and the Company shall have delivered all Shares relating to all prior Advances.

Article VIII.

Non-Disclosure of Non-Public Information

The Company covenants and agrees that, other than as expressly required by Section 6.08 hereof, or, with the Investor’s consent pursuant to Section 6.12, it shall refrain from disclosing, and shall cause its officers, directors, employees and agents to refrain from disclosing, any material non-public information (as determined under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or the rules and regulations of the SEC) to the Investor without also disseminating such information to the public, unless prior to disclosure of such information the Company identifies such information as being material non-public information and provides the Investor with the opportunity to accept or refuse to accept such material non-public information for review. Unless specifically agreed to in writing, in no event shall the Investor have a duty of confidentiality, or be deemed to have agreed to maintain information in confidence, with respect to the delivery of any Advance Notices.

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Article IX.

Non-Exclusive Agreement

Notwithstanding anything contained herein, this Agreement  and  the  rights  awarded  to  the  Investor  hereunder are non-exclusive, and the Company may, at any time throughout the term of this Agreement and thereafter, issue and allot, or undertake to issue and allot, any shares and/or securities and/or convertible notes, bonds, debentures, options to acquire shares or other securities and/or other facilities which may be converted into or replaced by Common Shares or other securities of the Company, and to extend, renew and/or recycle any bonds and/or debentures, and/or grant any rights with respect to its existing and/or future share capital.

Article X.

Choice of Law/Jurisdiction

This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to the principles of conflict of laws. The parties further agree that any action between them shall be heard in New York County, New York, and expressly consent to the jurisdiction and venue of the Supreme Court of New York, sitting in New York County, New York and the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York, sitting in New York, New York, for the adjudication of any civil action asserted pursuant to this Agreement.

Article XI. Assignment; Termination

Section 11.01Assignment. Neither this Agreement nor any rights or obligations of the parties hereto may be assigned to any other Person.

Section 11.02Termination.

(a) Unless earlier terminated as provided hereunder, this Agreement shall terminate automatically on the earliest of (i) the first day of the month next following the 36-month anniversary of the date hereof or (ii) the date on which the Investor shall have made payment of Advances pursuant to this Agreement for Common Shares equal to the Commitment Amount.

(b) The Company may terminate this Agreement effective upon five Trading Days’ prior written notice to the Investor; provided that (i) there are no outstanding Advance Notices, the Common Shares under which have yet to be issued, (ii) there is no outstanding Promissory Note which has not been fully repaid, and (iii) the Company has paid all amounts owed to the Investor pursuant to this Agreement. This Agreement may be terminated at any time by the mutual written consent of the parties, effective as of the date of such mutual written consent unless otherwise provided in such written consent.

(c) Nothing in this Section 11.02 shall be deemed to release the Company or the Investor from any liability for any breach under this Agreement, or to impair the rights of the Company and the Investor to compel specific performance by the other party of its obligations under

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this Agreement. The indemnification provisions contained in Article V shall survive termination hereunder.

Article XII. Notices

Other than with respect to Advance Notices, which must be in writing and will be deemed delivered on the day set forth in Section 2.01(b), any notices, consents, waivers, or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered  (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by facsimile or e-mail if sent on a Trading Day, or, if not sent on a Trading Day, on the immediately following Trading Day; (iii) 5 days after being sent by U.S. certified mail, return receipt requested, (iv) 1 day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications (except for Advance Notices which shall be delivered in accordance with Exhibit A hereof) shall be:

​

If to the Company, to:	TERAWULF INC. 9 Federal Street Easton, MD 21601
​	Attention: Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx, Chief Legal Officer
​	Telephone: (000) 000-0000
​	Email: xxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxx.xxx
​ With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice or delivery of process) to:	​
​	​ Xxxx, Weiss, Rifkind, Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx LLP Attention: Xxxxx X. Huntington Telephone: (212) 492-0124 Email: xxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
​	​
If to the Investor(s):	YA II PN, Ltd.
​	0000 Xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
x	Xxxxxxxxxxxx, XX 00000
​	Attention:Xxxx Xxxxxx
​	Portfolio Manager
​	Telephone:(000) 000-0000
​	Email:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx ​
​	​
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice or delivery of process) to:	Xxxx Xxxxx, Xxx. 0000 Xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx, XX 00000
​	Telephone:(000) 000-0000

​

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​ Email: xxxxx@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx

​

or at such other address and/or e-mail and/or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by written notice given to each other party three Business Days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (i) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (ii) electronically generated by the sender’s email service provider containing the time, date, recipient email address or (iii) provided by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile or receipt from a nationally recognized overnight delivery service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above, respectively.

Article XIII. Miscellaneous

Section 13.01Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in identical counterparts, both which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party.  Facsimile or other electronically scanned and delivered signatures (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., xxx.xxxxxxxx.xxx), including by e-mail attachment, shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes of this Agreement.

Section 13.02Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement supersedes all other prior oral or written agreements between the Investor, the Company, their respective affiliates and persons acting on their behalf with respect to the matters discussed herein, and this Agreement contains the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the matters covered herein and, except as specifically set forth herein, neither the Company nor the Investor makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the parties to this Agreement.

Section 13.03Reporting Entity for the Common Shares. The reporting entity relied upon for the determination of the trading price or trading volume of the Common Shares on any given Trading Day for the purposes of this Agreement shall be Bloomberg, L.P. or any successor thereto. The written mutual consent of the Investor and the Company shall be required to employ any other reporting entity.

Section 13.04Structuring Fee. Each of the parties shall pay its own fees and expenses (including the fees of any attorneys, accountants, appraisers or others engaged by such party) in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, except for (i) any expenses arising pursuant to the parties’ respective indemnification obligations and (ii) that the Company shall pay to YA Global II SPV, LLC, a subsidiary of the Investor, a structuring and due diligence fee in the amount of $10,000, which shall be paid on the date hereof.

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Section 13.05Brokerage. Each of the parties hereto represents that it has had no dealings in connection with this transaction with any finder or broker who will demand payment of any fee or commission from the other party. The Company on the one hand, and the Investor, on the other hand, agree to indemnify the other against and hold the other harmless from any and all liabilities to any person claiming brokerage commissions or finder’s fees on account of services purported to have been rendered on behalf of the indemnifying party in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Standby Equity Purchase Agreement to be executed by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, as of the date first set forth above.

​

​	​	​	​
​	COMPANY:
​	TERAWULF INC.
​	​	​	​
​	By:	​
​	Name:	​	​
​	Title:	​	​
​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​
​	INVESTOR:
​	YA II PN, LTD.
​	​	​	​
​	By:	Yorkville Advisors Global, LP
​	Its:	Investment Manager
​	​	​
​	​	By:	Yorkville Advisors Global II, LLC
​	​	Its:	General Partner
​	​	​	​
​	​	By:	​
​	​	Name:	Xxxx Xxxxxxx
​	​	Title:	Member

​

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EXHIBIT A

ADVANCE NOTICE PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.01(a)

TERAWULF INC.

Dated: ______________ Company Advance Notice Number: ____

​

The undersigned, _______________________, hereby certifies, with respect to the sale of Common Shares of TERAWULF INC. (the “Company”) issuable in connection with this Advance Notice, delivered pursuant to that certain Standby Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of [_____________] (the “Agreement”), as follows:

1.The undersigned is the duly elected ______________ of the Company.

2.There are no fundamental changes to the information set forth in the Registration Statement which would require the Company to file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement.

3. The Company has performed in all material respects all covenants and agreements to be performed by the Company contained in this Agreement on or prior to the Advance Notice Date. All conditions to the delivery of this Advance Notice are satisfied as of the date hereof.

4.The amount of the Advance the Company is requesting is _____________________.

5.The Minimum Acceptable Price with respect to this Advance is _______ (not applicable if left blank).

6.The number of Common Shares of the Company outstanding as of the date hereof is ___________.

The undersigned has executed this Advance Notice as of the date first set forth above.

TERAWULF INC.

​

​ By: ​

​

​

Please deliver this Advance Notice by email to:

Email: Xxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx

Attention: Trading Department and Compliance Officer

Confirmation Telephone Number: (000) 000-0000.

​

EXHIBIT A

ADVANCE NOTICE PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.01(b)

YA II PN, LTD.

Dated: ______________ Investor Advance Notice Number: ____

​

On behalf of YA II PN, LTD. (the “Investor”), the undersigned hereby certifies, with respect to the purchase of Common Shares of TERAWULF INC. (the “Company”) issuable in connection with this Advance Notice, delivered pursuant to that certain Standby Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of [_____________] (the “Agreement”), as follows:

​

1.	Advance requested in the Advance Notice
2.	Purchase Price per share	[$3.75]
3.	Number of Shares due to Investor

​

The aggregate purchase price of the Shares to be paid by Investor pursuant to this Advance Notice shall be offset against amounts outstanding under the Promissory Note (first towards accrued and unpaid interest, and then towards outstanding principal, with no deduction for any Payment Premium, as defined in the Promissory Note) as follows:

​

1.	Amount offset against accrued and unpaid Interest	$[____________]
2.	Amount offset against Principal	$[____________]

​

The undersigned has executed this Advance Notice as of the date first set forth above.

​

​	​	​	​
YA II PN, LTD.
​	​	​
By:	Yorkville Advisors Global, LP
Its:	Investment Manager
​	​
​	By:	Yorkville Advisors Global II, LLC
​	Its:	General Partner
​	​	​
​	By:	​	​
​	Name:	Xxxx Xxxxxxx
​	Title:	Member

​

​

Please deliver this Advance Notice by email to:

Email: xxxxxx@xxxxxxxx.xxx

Attention: Xxxxxxx Xxxxxx

Confirmation Telephone Number: 000-000-0000

​

​

​

EXHIBIT B

FORM OF SETTLEMENT DOCUMENT

VIA EMAIL

​

TERAWULF INC.

Attn:    [_______________________]

Email:    [_______________________]

​

	Below please find the settlement information with respect to the Advance Notice Date of:
1.	Advance requested in the Advance Notice
2.	Minimum Acceptable Price for this Advance (if any)
3.	Number of Excluded Days (if any)
4.	Adjusted Advance Amount (after taking into account any adjustments pursuant to Section 2.01):
5.	Market Price
6.	Purchase Price per share
7.	Number of Shares due to Investor
If there were any Excluded Days then add the following (see Section 2.01(d)):
8.	Number of Additional Shares to be issued to Investor
9.	Additional amount to be paid to the Company by the Investor (Additional Shares in number 8 x Minimum Acceptable Price)
10.	Total Amount to be paid to Company (Purchase Price in number 6 + Additional amount in number 9):
11.	Total Shares to be issued to Investor (Shares due to Investor in number 7 + Additional Shares in number 8):

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Please issue the number of Shares due to the Investor to the account of the Investor as follows:

INVESTOR’S DTC PARTICIPANT #:

ACCOUNT NAME:

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2

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ACCOUNT NUMBER:

ADDRESS:

CITY:

COUNTRY:

CONTACT PERSON:

NUMBER AND/OR EMAIL:

Sincerely,

YA II PN, LTD.

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Agreed and approved By TERAWULF INC.:

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___________________________________

Name:

Title:

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3

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EXHIBIT C

FORM OF PROMISSORY NOTE

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