JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

   1

                                                                       EXHIBIT 1


                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT


The undersigned hereby agree that this Amendment No. 2 to Schedule 13D is filed
on behalf of each of them.

DATED:   DECEMBER 7, 1998.

                                         PROFUTURES BRIDGE CAPITAL FUND, L.P.

                                         BY: BRIDGE CAPITAL PARTNERS, INC.,
                                             A GENERAL PARTNER


                                         by: /s/ XXXXX X. XXXXX
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             XXXXX X. XXXXX, PRESIDENT

                                         BRIDGE CAPITAL PARTNERS, INC.


                                         by: /s/ XXXXX X. XXXXX
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             XXXXX X. XXXXX, PRESIDENT

                                         PROFUTURES FUND MANAGEMENT, INC.


                                         by: /s/ XXXX X. XXXXXXX
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             XXXX X. XXXXXXX, PRESIDENT

                                         /s/ XXXXX X. XXXXX
                                         ---------------------------------------
                                         XXXXX X. XXXXX

                                         /s/ XXXX X. XXXXXXX
                                         ---------------------------------------
                                         XXXX X. XXXXXXX

                                         BRIDGE CAPITAL PARTNERS, INC. DEFINED
                                         BENEFIT PENSION PLAN


                                         by: /s/ XXXXX X. XXXXX
                                             -----------------------------------
                                             Xxxxx X. Xxxxx, Trustee



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