AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
OF
PIONEER EMERGING MARKETS FUND
(a Delaware Statutory Trust)
As Amended and Restated as of January 12, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ARTICLE I - Name and Definitions
Section 1.1 Name......................................................... 1
Section 1.2 Definitions.................................................. 1
ARTICLE II - Nature and Purpose of Trust................................... 4
ARTICLE III - Registered Agent and Registered Office....................... 4
ARTICLE IV - Beneficial Interests; Shareholders
Section 4.1 Shares of Beneficial Interest................................ 4
Section 4.2 Issuance of Shares........................................... 4
Section 4.3 Rights of Shareholders....................................... 5
Section 4.4 Ownership and Transfer of Shares; Small Accounts............. 6
Section 4.5 Voting by Shareholders....................................... 7
Section 4.6 Meetings..................................................... 7
Section 4.7 Quorum and Action............................................ 7
Section 4.8 Action by Written Consent in Lieu of Meeting of Shareholders. 8
Section 4.9 Series and Classes of Shares................................. 8
Section 4.10 Disclosure of Shareholder Holdings........................... 11
Section 4.11 Access to Trust Records...................................... 11
Section 4.12 Communications with Shareholders............................. 11
ARTICLE V - The Trustees
Section 5.1 Management of the Trust...................................... 12
Section 5.2 Qualification and Number..................................... 12
Section 5.3 Term and Election............................................ 12
Section 5.4 Resignation, Retirement and Removal.......................... 12
Section 5.5 Vacancies.................................................... 13
ARTICLE VI - Powers of Trustees
Section 6.1 General Powers............................................... 13
Section 6.2 Certain Specific Powers...................................... 13
Section 6.3 Issuance and Repurchase of Shares............................ 16
Section 6.4 Delegation; Committees....................................... 16
Section 6.5 Collection and Payment....................................... 17
Section 6.6 Expenses..................................................... 17
Section 6.7 Manner of Acting............................................. 17
Section 6.8 Bylaws....................................................... 17
Section 6.9 Principal Transactions....................................... 17
Section 6.10 Effect of Trustees' Determination............................ 17
ARTICLE VII - Service Providers
Section 7.1 Investment Adviser and Administrators................................ 18
Section 7.2 Underwriting; Transfer Agent; Shareholder Servicing Agent; Custodian. 18
Section 7.3 Parties to Contract.................................................. 18
Section 7.4 Further Authority of Trustees........................................ 19
ARTICLE VIII - Distributions; Redemptions; Determination of Net Asset Value
Section 8.1 Distributions........................................................ 19
Section 8.2 Redemption of Shares................................................. 19
Section 8.3 Redemption Price..................................................... 19
Section 8.4 Payment.............................................................. 20
Section 8.5 Redemption of Shareholder's Interest by Action of Trust.............. 20
Section 8.6 Suspension of Right of Redemption.................................... 21
Section 8.7 Determination of Net Asset Value; Valuation of Portfolio Assets...... 21
Section 8.8 Constant Net Asset Value............................................. 21
Section 8.9 Reserves............................................................. 21
Section 8.10 Determination by Trustees............................................ 21
ARTICLE IX - Limitation of Liability and Indemnification
Section 9.1 No Personal Liability of and Indemnification of Shareholders......... 22
Section 9.2 Limitation of Liability of Trustees and Others....................... 22
Section 9.3 Experts; No Bond or Surety........................................... 23
Section 9.4 Liability of Third Persons Dealing with the Trust or Trustees........ 23
Section 9.5 Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses.......................... 24
Section 9.6 Further Indemnification.............................................. 25
Section 9.7 Amendments and Modifications......................................... 25
Section 9.8 Derivative and Direct Actions........................................ 25
ARTICLE X - Termination; Mergers and Sale of Assets
Section 10.1 Termination of Trust or Series....................................... 28
Section 10.2 Merger and Consolidation............................................. 29
Section 10.3 Sale of Assets; Reorganization....................................... 29
Section 10.4 Conversion........................................................... 29
Section 10.5 Combination of Classes............................................... 30
ARTICLE XI - Amendments; Filings; Copies; Miscellaneous
Section 11.1 Amendments to Declaration and Certificate of Trust................... 30
Section 11.2 Filing of Certificate; Copies of Declaration; Counterparts; Headings. 30
Section 11.3 Trustees May Resolve Ambiguities..................................... 31
Section 11.4 Applicable Law; Forum Selection; Jury Waiver......................... 31
Section 11.5 Statutory Trust Only................................................. 32
Section 11.6 Provisions in conflict with Law or Regulations....................... 32
Section 11.7 Writings............................................................. 32
AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
OF
PIONEER EMERGING MARKETS FUND
This AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST is made as of
this 12th day of January, 2016 by the Trustees hereunder.
WHEREAS, PIONEER EMERGING MARKETS FUND was established pursuant to an
Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated March 23, 1994, as amended and
restated as of July 1, 2008 and further amended as of May 22, 2010 (as amended
to the date hereof, the "Original Declaration") and the filing of a Certificate
of Trust with the Delaware Secretary of State for the purposes of carrying on
the business of a management investment company;
WHEREAS, the Trustees, pursuant to Article XI, Section 11.1, of the Original
Declaration, are authorized to amend the Original Declaration with the vote or
consent of the Shareholders as required by such Section;
WHEREAS, this Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust has
been amended in accordance with the provisions of the Original Declaration in
effect as of the date hereof;
NOW, THEREFORE, all cash, securities and other assets and properties, which
the Trust may from time to time acquire in any manner, will be held by the
Trust and managed upon the following terms and conditions.
ARTICLE I
NAME AND DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1. Name. This Trust shall be known as Pioneer Emerging Markets
Fund and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name
or any other name as they may from time to time determine.
Section 1.2. Definitions. Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by
the context or specifically provided, the following terms have the following
respective meanings:
(a) "Bylaws" means the Bylaws of the Trust referred to in Section 6.8
hereof, as from time to time amended, which Bylaws are expressly incorporated
by reference herein as part of the Trust's "governing instrument" within the
meaning of the Delaware Act (as defined below).
(b) "Certificate of Trust" means the certificate of trust of the Trust, as
filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in accordance with
the Delaware Act (as
defined below), and as such certificate of trust may be amended or amended and
restated from time to time.
(c) "Class" means one or more Shares (as defined below) of a Series (as
defined below) of the Trust as may be established and designated as a Class
from time to time by the Trustees pursuant to Section 4.9(c) hereof.
(d) "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (or any successor
statute), as amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations
thereunder, as adopted or amended from time to time.
(e) "Commission" shall have the same meaning given to such term in the 1940
Act.
(f) "Complaining Shareholder" shall refer to a Shareholder making a demand
or bringing a claim pursuant to Section 9.8 hereof.
(g) "Declaration" means this Agreement and Declaration of Trust as amended,
supplemented or amended and restated from time to time, which, together with
the Bylaws and any designations of Series or Classes made in accordance with
Section 4.6(c) hereof, shall constitute the Trust's "governing instrument"
within the meaning of the Delaware Act. Reference in this Agreement and
Declaration of Trust to "Declaration," "hereof," "herein," and "hereunder"
shall be deemed to refer to this Declaration rather than exclusively to the
article or section in which such words appear.
(h) "Delaware Act" shall refer to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as
amended from time to time.
(i) "He," "Him" and "His" shall include the feminine and neuter, as well as
the masculine, genders.
(j) "Interested Person" shall have the same meaning given to such term in
the 1940 Act.
(k) "1940 Act" refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 (and any
successor statute) and the rules thereunder, all as amended from time to time,
as may apply to the Trust or any Series or Class thereof, including pursuant to
any exemptive, interpretive or other relief or guidance issued by the
Commission or the staff of the Commission under such Act.
(l) "Outstanding Shares" means those Shares shown from time to time on the
books of the Trust or its transfer agent as then issued and outstanding, but
shall not include Shares which have been redeemed, repurchased, cancelled or
terminated by the Trust.
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(m) "Person" means and includes natural persons, corporations, partnerships,
limited partnerships, business trusts, limited liability partnerships,
statutory trusts, limited liability companies, trusts, associations, joint
ventures, estates, nominees and any other entity in its own or any
representative capacity, whether or not legal entities, and governments and
agencies and political subdivisions thereof, in each case whether domestic or
foreign.
(n) "Prospectus" means the prospectus and statement of additional
information with respect to the Trust or one or more Series or Classes thereof
as the context shall require, as contained in the most recent effective
registration statement filed with the Commission with respect to the Trust or
one or more such Series or Classes thereof, as the same may be supplemented or
modified from time to time in accordance with the requirements of the federal
securities laws.
(o) "Series" individually or collectively means each Series of Shares as may
be established and designated from time to time by the Trustees pursuant to
Section 4.9(c) hereof.
(p)"Shareholder" means a record owner of Outstanding Shares.
(q) "Shares" means the units of interest into which the beneficial interest
in the Trust shall be divided from time to time, including the Shares of any
and all Series and Classes which may be established and designated by the
Trustees, and includes fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares.
(r) "Trust" refers to the Delaware statutory trust established under the
Delaware Act by this Declaration and the filing of the Certificate of Trust
with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.
(s) "Trust Property" means any and all property, real or personal, tangible
or intangible, which is owned or held by or for the account of the Trust or, if
the Trust has established one or more Series, any such Series as the context
shall require.
(t) "Trustees" means, at any time, the person or persons who have signed
this Declaration and all other persons who may from time to time be duly
qualified and serving as Trustees in accordance with the provisions of Article
V hereof, in each case if they shall at that time continue in office in
accordance with the terms hereof, and reference herein to a Trustee or the
Trustees shall refer to such person or persons in his capacity or their
capacities as Trustees hereunder.
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ARTICLE II
NATURE AND PURPOSE OF TRUST
The purpose of the Trust is to engage in, operate and carry on the business
of an open-end management investment company through one or more Series, and to
do any and all acts or things as are necessary, convenient, appropriate,
incidental or customary in connection therewith, both within and without the
State of Delaware, and without limiting the foregoing or the other provisions
hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers conferred by the laws of the State of
Delaware upon a Delaware statutory trust formed pursuant to the Delaware Act.
ARTICLE III
REGISTERED AGENT AND REGISTERED OFFICE
The registered agent and office of the Trust in the State of Delaware are
Delaware Corporation Organizers, Inc., 0000 Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx, XX
00000. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, the Trust shall at all
times maintain at least one resident agent who shall be either a citizen of the
State of Delaware who resides in such State or a Delaware corporation. The
Trustees may change the registered agent or registered office of the Trust from
time to time by making the appropriate filing or filings with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware.
ARTICLE IV
BENEFICIAL INTERESTS; SHAREHOLDERS
Section 4.1. Shares of Beneficial Interest. The beneficial interest in the
Trust shall be divided into such Shares of beneficial interest, of such Series
or Classes, and of such designations and par values (if any) and with such
rights, preferences, privileges, limitations, restrictions and such other
relative terms as shall be determined by the Trustees, from time to time. The
number of Shares is unlimited. The Trustees shall have full power and authority
to take such action with respect to the Shares as the Trustees may deem
desirable.
Section 4.2. Issuance of Shares. (a) Shares may be issued from time to time
to such Persons (including, without limitation, any Trustee, officer, or agent
of the Trust or any Person in which a Trustee, officer or agent of the Trust
has an interest) either for cash or for such other consideration (which may be
in any one or more instances a certain specified consideration or certain
specified considerations) and on such terms as the Trustees, from time to time,
may deem advisable, and the Trust may, in connection with an issuance of
Shares, acquire other assets (including the acquisition of assets subject to,
and in connection with, the assumption of liabilities), and all Shares so
issued hereunder, including without limitation Shares issued in connection with
a dividend in Shares or a
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split or reverse split of Shares, shall be fully paid and nonassessable. The
Trust shall have the right to refuse to issue Shares to any Person at any time
and for any reason or for no reason whatsoever.
(b) The Trust may issue Shares in fractional denominations to the same
extent as its whole Shares, and Shares in fractional denominations shall be
Shares having proportionately to the respective fractions represented thereby
all the rights of whole Shares, including, without limitation, the right to
vote, the right to receive dividends and distributions and the right to
participate upon termination of the Trust.
(c) Any Shares issued by the Trust which have been purchased, redeemed or
otherwise reacquired by the Trust shall be retired automatically and shall have
the status of unissued Shares.
Section 4.3. Rights of Shareholders. The ownership of the Trust Property of
every description and the right to conduct any business herein described is
vested exclusively in the Trust. The Shareholders shall have no right or title
in or to the Trust Property or to call for any partition or division of any
property, profits, rights or interests of the Trust or any Series thereof and
the Shareholders shall have no interest therein other than the beneficial
interest conferred by their Shares. For the avoidance of doubt, Shareholders
shall have no rights, privileges, claims or remedies under any contract or
agreement entered into by the Trust or any Series thereof with any service
provider or other agent to or contractor with the Trust or a Series thereof,
including, without limitation, any third party beneficiary rights, except as
may be expressly provided in any such contract or agreement. The death,
incapacity, dissolution, termination, or bankruptcy of a Shareholder during the
continuance of the Trust shall neither operate to terminate the Trust or any
Series thereof nor entitle the representative of any such Shareholder to an
accounting or to take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust, any
Series thereof or the Trustees, but shall entitle such representative only to
the rights of said Shareholder under this Declaration. Neither the Trust nor
the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall have any
power to bind personally any Shareholder, or to call upon any Shareholder for
the payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than such as the
Shareholder may at any time personally agree to pay, provided however that any
sales loads or charges, redemption fees, account fees or any other fees or
charges not prohibited as charges to Shareholders under applicable law shall
not be deemed to be an assessment for the purposes of this Declaration. The
Shares shall be personal property giving only the rights specifically set forth
in this Declaration. The holders of Shares shall not, as such holders, have any
right to acquire, purchase or subscribe for any Shares or securities of the
Trust that it may hereafter issue or sell, other than such right, if any, as
the Trustees may determine. The holders of Shares shall not be entitled to
exercise the rights of objecting shareholders and shall have no appraisal
rights with respect to their Shares and, except as otherwise determined by the
Trustees from time to time, shall have no exchange or conversion rights with
respect to their Shares. Every Shareholder, by virtue of purchasing Shares and
becoming a Shareholder, shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to
the
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terms of this Declaration, any By-Laws adopted hereunder and any other
governing instrument and shall be bound thereby.
Section 4.4. Ownership and Transfer of Shares; Small Accounts. (a) The
ownership and transfer of Shares shall be recorded on the books of the Trust
or, if there is a transfer or similar agent with respect to such Shares, on the
books and records of such transfer or similar agent with respect to such
Shares, which records shall be maintained separately for the Shares of each
Series or Class of the Trust. No certificates representing the ownership of
Shares shall be issued except as the Trustees may otherwise determine from time
to time. The Trustees may make such rules or impose such restrictions as they
consider necessary or appropriate for the issuance of Share certificates,
transfer of Shares and similar matters. The record books of the Trust, as kept
by the Trust or any transfer or similar agent of the Trust, shall be conclusive
as to who are the holders of Shares and as to the number of Shares held from
time to time by each Shareholder. No Shareholder shall be entitled to receive
any payment of a dividend or distribution, or to have notice given to him as
provided herein or in the Bylaws, until he has provided such information as
shall be required to the Trust or, as applicable, the Trust's transfer or
similar agent with respect to his Shares.
(b) In the event any certificates representing Outstanding Shares are at any
time outstanding, the Trustees may at any time or from time to time determine
that Shares shall no longer be represented by certificates, and in connection
therewith, upon written notice to any Shareholder holding certificates
representing Outstanding Shares, such certificates shall be cancelled, provided
that such cancellation shall not affect the ownership by such Shareholder of
such Shares, and following such cancellation, ownership and transfer of such
Shares shall be recorded by book entry on the books of the Trust or its
transfer or similar agent.
(c) The Trustees may establish, from time to time, one or more minimum
investment amounts for Shareholder accounts, which may differ within and among
any Series or Classes, and may impose account fees on (which may be satisfied
by involuntarily redeeming the requisite number of Shares in any such account
in the amount of such fee), and/or require the involuntary redemption of Shares
held in, those accounts the net asset value of which for any reason falls below
such established minimum investment amounts, or may authorize the Trust to
convert any such Shares in such account to Shares of another Class or Series,
or take any other such action with respect to minimum investment amounts as may
be deemed necessary or appropriate by the Trustees, in each case upon such
terms as shall be established by the Trustees.
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Section 4.5. Voting by Shareholders. (a) Shareholders shall not have the
power to vote on any matter except: (i) for the election or removal of Trustees
to the extent and as provided in Article V hereof; and (ii) with respect to
such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by law or as
the Trustees may consider and determine necessary or desirable.
(b) As determined by the trustees without the vote or consent of
Shareholders, on any matter submitted to a vote of Shareholders either (i) each
whole Share shall be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is
entitled to vote and each fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate
fractional vote, or (ii) each whole Share or fractional Share outstanding on
the record date shall entitle the holder thereof to a number of votes as to any
matter on which the Shareholder is entitled to vote equal to the net asset
value of the Share or fractional Share in United States dollars determined at
the close of business on the record date. Without limiting the power of the
Trustees in any way to designate otherwise in accordance with the preceding
sentence, the Trustees hereby establish that each whole Share shall be entitled
to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each
fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. There
shall be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees or on any other
matter submitted to a vote of the Shareholders. Shares may be voted in person
or by proxy. Until Shares of the Trust or any Series or Class are issued, the
Trustees may exercise all rights of Shareholders of the Trust or such Series or
Class and may take any action required or permitted by law, this Declaration or
the Bylaws of the Trust to be taken by Shareholders of the Trust, such Series
or Class.
(c) On any matter submitted to a vote of the Shareholders of the Trust, all
Shares of all Series and Classes then entitled to vote shall be voted together,
except that (i) when required by the 1940 Act to be voted by individual Series
or Class, Shares shall be voted by individual Series or Class, and (ii) when
the Trustees have determined that the matter affects only the interests of
Shareholders of one or more Series or Classes, only Shareholders of such one or
more Series or Classes shall be entitled to vote thereon.
Section 4.6. Meetings. Meetings of the Shareholders of the Trust or any one
or more Series or Classes thereof may be called and held from time to time for
the purpose of taking action upon any matter requiring the vote or authority of
the Shareholders as herein provided or upon any other matter deemed by the
Trustees to be necessary or desirable. The Trustees may set in the Bylaws
provisions relating to the calling and holding of meetings (including the
holding of meetings by electronic or other similar means), notice of meetings,
record dates, place of meetings, conduct of meetings, voting by proxy,
postponement, adjournment or cancellation of meetings and related matters.
Section 4.7. Quorum and Action. (a) The Trustees shall set forth in the
Bylaws the quorum required for the transaction of business by the Shareholders
at a meeting, which quorum shall in no event be less than Shares representing
thirty percent (30%) of the voting power of the Shares entitled to vote at such
meeting. If a quorum is present when a duly called and held meeting is
convened, the Shareholders present may continue
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to transact business until adjournment, even though the withdrawal of a number
of Shareholders originally present leaves less than the proportion or number
otherwise required for a quorum.
(b) The Shareholders shall take action by the affirmative vote of the
holders of Shares entitled to vote and representing a majority of votes cast at
a meeting of Shareholders at which a quorum is present, except in the case of
the election of Trustees which shall only require a plurality and except as may
be otherwise required by applicable law or any provision of this Declaration or
the Bylaws.
Section 4.8. Action by Written Consent in Lieu of Meeting of
Shareholders. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the
Shareholders may be taken, if so directed by the Trustees, without a meeting by
written action executed by Shareholders, as of a record date specified in
accordance with the Bylaws, holding not less than the minimum voting power that
would have been necessary to take the action at a meeting, assuming that the
Shareholders holding all of the Outstanding Shares entitled to vote on that
action were present and voting at that meeting. The written action shall be
effective when it has been executed by the requisite number of Shareholders and
delivered to the secretary of the Trust, unless a different effective time is
provided in the written action. Such a consent may be executed and delivered by
electronic means in accordance with any procedures that may be adopted by the
Trustees from time to time.
Section 4.9. Series and Classes of Shares.
(a) Series. The current Series of the Trust are set forth on Schedule A
hereto. The Trustees may from time to time authorize the division of Shares
into additional Series. The relative rights, preferences, privileges,
limitations, restrictions and other relative terms of any Series shall be
established and designated by the Trustees, and may be modified by the Trustees
from time to time, upon and subject to the following provisions:
(i) Subject to variations between Classes of Shares of a Series, all
Shares shall be identical except that there may be such variations as shall
be fixed and determined by the Trustees from time to time between different
Series, including, without limitation, as to qualifications for ownership,
minimum purchase amounts, minimum account size, purchase price, fees and
expenses, redemptions, conversions and exchanges, and special and relative
rights as to dividends and on liquidation, and each Series shall have such
business purpose or investment objective as shall be determined by the
Trustees. Each Share of a Series shall represent a beneficial interest in
the net assets allocated or belonging to such Series only, and such interest
shall not extend to the assets of the Trust generally (except to the extent
that General Assets (as defined below) are allocated to such Series). All
references to Shares in this Declaration shall be deemed to include
references to Shares of any or all Series as the context may require.
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(ii) The number of authorized Shares of each Series and the number of
Shares of each Series that may be issued shall be unlimited. The Trustees
may divide or combine any issued or unissued Shares of any Series into a
greater or lesser number; classify or reclassify any issued or unissued
Shares into one or more Series; terminate any one or more Series; change the
name of a Series; and take such other action with respect to the Series as
the Trustees may deem desirable.
(iii) All consideration received by the Trust for the issue or sale of
Shares of a particular Series, together with all assets in which such
consideration is invested or reinvested, all income, earnings, profits and
proceeds thereof, including any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or
liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments derived from any
reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the same may be
(collectively, the "Assets"), shall irrevocably belong to that Series for
all purposes, subject only to the rights of creditors of such Series, and
shall be so recorded upon the books of the Trust. Such Assets, together with
any General Assets (as hereinafter defined) allocated to that Series as
provided in the following sentence, are herein referred to as "Assets
belonging to" that Series. In the event that there are any assets, income,
earnings, profits or proceeds thereof, funds or payments which are not
readily identifiable as Assets belonging to any particular Series
(collectively, the "General Assets"), the Trustees shall allocate such
General Assets to and among any one or more of the Series created from time
to time in such manner and on such basis as they deem fair and equitable;
and any General Assets allocated to a particular Series shall be Assets
belonging to that Series. Each such allocation by the Trustees shall be
conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all Series for all purposes.
Separate and distinct records shall be maintained for each Series and the
Assets belonging to each Series shall be held and accounted for in such
separate and distinct records separately from the Assets belonging to all
other Series and the General Assets of the Trust not allocated to such
Series.
(iv) The Assets belonging to a particular Series shall be charged with
the debts, liabilities and obligations of the Trust in respect of that
Series and with all expenses, costs, charges and reserves attributable to
that Series (collectively, the "Liabilities"), which Liabilities shall be
recorded upon the books of the Trust. Such Liabilities together with any
General Liabilities (as hereinafter defined) allocated to that Series as
provided in the following sentence, are herein referred to as "Liabilities
belonging to" that Series. In the event there are any debts, liabilities,
obligations, expenses, costs, charges or reserves of the Trust that are not
readily identifiable as belonging to any particular Series (collectively,
the "General Liabilities"), the Trustees shall allocate and charge such
General Liabilities to and among any one or more of the Series created from
time to time in such manner and on such basis as they deem fair and
equitable; and any General Liabilities so allocated to a particular Series
shall belong to that Series. Each such allocation by the Trustees shall be
conclusive and binding upon all concerned for all purposes. Without limiting
the foregoing, but subject to the
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right of the Trustees to allocate General Liabilities as herein provided,
the Liabilities belonging to a particular Series shall be enforceable only
against the Assets belonging to such Series and not against the assets of
the Trust generally or against the Assets belonging to any other Series, and
none of the General Liabilities incurred, contracted for or otherwise
existing with respect to the Trust generally or any Liabilities incurred,
contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to any other Series shall
be enforceable against the Assets belonging to such Series. Notice of this
contractual limitation on liabilities among Series shall be set forth in the
Certificate of Trust (whether originally or by amendment) as filed or to be
filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware pursuant to the
Delaware Act, and upon the giving of such notice in the Certificate of
Trust, the statutory provisions of (S)3804(a) of the Delaware Act relating
to limitations on liabilities among Series (and the statutory effect under
(S)3804(a) of setting forth such notice in the Certificate of Trust) shall
become applicable to the Trust and each Series. Any Person extending credit
to, contracting with or having any claim against any Series may look only to
the Assets belonging to that Series to satisfy or enforce any Liability
belonging to that Series. No Shareholder or former Shareholder of any
Series, in such capacity, shall have a claim on or any right to any Assets
belonging to any other Series or the Trust generally.
(b) Classes. The current Classes are set forth on Schedule B hereto with
respect to those Series identified on such Schedule. The Trustees may from time
to time authorize the division of Shares of the Trust or any Series thereof
into additional Classes. The relative rights, preferences, privileges,
limitations, restrictions and other relative terms of a Class shall be
established and designated by the Trustees and may be modified by the Trustees
from time to time. All Shares of a Class of a Series shall be identical with
each other and with the Shares of each other Class of the same Series except
for such variations between Classes as may be authorized by the Trustees from
time to time and not prohibited by the 1940 Act, including, without limitation,
as to qualifications for ownership, minimum purchase amounts, minimum account
size, purchase price, fees and expenses, right of redemption, and the price,
terms and manner of redemption, conversion and exchange rights and features and
special and relative rights as to dividends and on liquidation. The number of
authorized Shares of each Class and the number of Shares of each Class that may
be issued shall be unlimited. The Trustees may divide or combine the issued or
unissued Shares of any Class into a greater or lesser number; classify or
reclassify any issued or unissued Shares of any Class into one or more Classes;
combine two or more Classes of a Series into a single Class of such Series;
terminate any one or more Classes of Shares; change the name or other
designation of a Class; and take such other action with respect to the Classes
as the Trustees may deem desirable. To the extent necessary or appropriate to
give effect to the preferences and special or relative rights and privileges of
any Classes, the Trustees may allocate assets, liabilities, income and expenses
of a Series to a particular Class of that Series or apportion the same among
two or more Classes of that Series. All references to Shares in this
Declaration shall be deemed to include references to Shares of any or all
Classes as the context may require.
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(c) Establishment and Designation of Series and Classes. The establishment
and designation of any Series or Class of Shares shall be made either by the
vote of a majority of the Trustees or by the execution by a majority of the
Trustees of an instrument in each case setting forth such establishment and
designation, the effective date of such establishment and designation and the
relative rights, preferences, privileges, limitations, restrictions and other
relative terms of such Series and/or Class, whether directly in such resolution
or instrument or by reference to one or more documents or instruments outside
this Declaration and outside the resolutions, as the same may be in effect from
time to time, including any Prospectus relating to such Series or Class, and
any such resolutions or instruments shall be deemed to be incorporated by
reference herein as part of the Trust's "governing instrument" within the
meaning of the Delaware Act. Additions or modifications to a designation,
including, without limitation, any termination of an existing Series or Class,
shall be made in the same manner as is permitted for the establishment and
designation of such Series or Class.
Section 4.10. Disclosure of Shareholder Holdings. The holders of Shares or
other securities of the Trust shall upon demand disclose to the Trust in
writing such information with respect to direct and indirect ownership of
Shares or other securities of the Trust as the Trustees deem necessary to
comply with the provisions of the Code; to comply with the requirements of any
other law or regulation; or as the Trustees may otherwise decide, and ownership
of Shares may be disclosed by the Trust if so required by applicable law or as
the Trustees may otherwise decide.
Section 4.11. Access to Trust Records. As provided in Section 3819 of the
Delaware Act, Shareholders shall only have such right to inspect the such
records, documents, accounts and books of the Trust as may be granted from time
to time by the Trustees, and subject to such reasonable standards (including
standards governing what information and documents are to be furnished at what
time and location and at whose expense as may be established from time to time
by the Trustees.
Section 4.12. Communications with Shareholders. Any notices, reports,
statements, or communications with Shareholders of any kind required under this
Declaration, including any such communications with Shareholders or their
counsel or other representatives required under Section 9.8 hereof, or
otherwise made by the Trust or its agents on behalf of the Trust shall be
governed by the provisions pertaining thereto in the Bylaws.
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ARTICLE V
THE TRUSTEES
Section 5.1. Management of the Trust. The business and affairs of the Trust
shall be managed under the direction of the Trustees, and they shall have all
powers necessary and desirable to carry out that responsibility, including,
without limitation, those powers described more fully in Article VI hereof.
Section 5.2. Qualification and Number. Each Trustee shall be a natural
person. A Trustee need not be a citizen of the United States or a resident of
the State of Delaware. By a majority vote or consent of the Trustees as may
then be in office, the Trustees may from time to time establish the number of
Trustees. No decrease in the number of Trustees shall have the effect of
removing any Trustee from office prior to the expiration of his term, but the
number of Trustees may be decreased in conjunction with the resignation,
retirement or removal of a Trustee pursuant to Section 5.4 hereof.
Section 5.3. Term and Election. Except as provided in Section 5.4 below,
each Trustee shall hold office until the next meeting of Shareholders called
for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee or
of a successor to such Trustee, and until his successor, if any, is elected,
qualified and serving as a Trustee hereunder. Any Trustee vacancy may be filled
by the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the Trustees then in
office, except as prohibited by the 1940 Act, or, if for any reason there are
no Trustees then in office, vacancies may be filled by the officers of the
Trust elected pursuant to Section 6.2(b)(iii) hereof, or may be filled in any
other manner permitted by the 1940 Act.
Section 5.4. Resignation, Retirement and Removal. Any Trustee may resign or
retire as a Trustee by an instrument in writing signed by him and delivered or
mailed to the Chair, if any, the president or the secretary, and such
resignation or retirement shall be effective upon such delivery, or at a later
date according to the terms of the instrument. Any Trustee who has attained a
mandatory retirement age or term limit established pursuant to, or who is
otherwise required to retire in accordance with, any written policy adopted
from time to time by at least two-thirds (2/3) of the Trustees shall,
automatically and without action of such Trustee or the remaining Trustees, be
deemed to have retired in accordance with the terms of such policy, effective
as of the date determined in accordance with such policy. Except as aforesaid,
any Trustee may be removed from office only (i) by action of at least
two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of the Outstanding Shares, or (ii) by the
action of a majority of the remaining Trustees, specifying the date when such
removal shall become effective. Except to the extent expressly provided in a
written agreement to which the Trust is a party or in a written policy adopted
by the Trustees, no resigning, retiring or removed Trustee shall have any right
to any compensation for any period following his resignation, retirement or
removal, or any right to damages on account of such resignation, retirement or
removal.
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Section 5.5. Vacancies. The death, resignation, retirement, removal, or
incapacity of one or more of the Trustees, or all of them, shall not operate to
annul the Trust or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms
of this Declaration. Whenever a vacancy in the number of Trustees shall occur,
until such vacancy is filled as provided herein, or the number of Trustees as
fixed is reduced, the Trustees in office, regardless of their number, shall
have all the powers granted to the Trustees, and during the period during which
any such vacancy shall occur, only the Trustees then in office shall be counted
for the purposes of the existence of a quorum or any action to be taken by such
Trustees.
ARTICLE VI
POWERS OF TRUSTEES
Section 6.1. General Powers. The Trustees shall have exclusive and absolute
control over the Trust Property and over the business of the Trust but with
full powers of delegation, except as may otherwise be expressly prohibited by
this Declaration. The Trustees shall have the power to direct the business and
affairs of the Trust and carry on the Trust's operations and maintain offices
both within and outside the State of Delaware, and to do or authorize all such
other things and execute or authorize the execution of all such instruments as
they deem necessary, proper or desirable in order to promote the interests of
the Trust. With respect to any power or authority of the Trustees hereunder,
whether stated or implied, the Trustees shall have all further powers and
authority as may be necessary, incidental, relative, conducive, appropriate or
desirable for the accomplishment, carrying out or attainment of any action
authorized by the Trustees. In construing the provisions of this Declaration,
the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Trustees. Without
limiting the foregoing, the Trustees shall have power and authority to operate
and carry on the business of an investment company and the Trustees shall
exercise all the powers as are necessary, convenient, appropriate, incidental
or customary in connection therewith and may exercise all powers which are
ordinarily exercised by the trustees of a statutory trust. The enumeration of
any specific power herein shall not be construed as limiting the aforesaid
general powers. Such powers of the Trustees may be exercised without order of
or resort to any court. Whenever in this Declaration the Trustees are given
authority to act on behalf of the Trust or to direct, authorize or cause the
Trust to take any action, such power and authority shall apply, mutatis
mutandis, to any action of the Trust on behalf of any Series or Class, whether
or not specific reference is made to Series or Classes.
Section 6.2. Certain Specific Powers. (a) Investments. The Trustees shall
not in any way be bound or limited by present or future laws, rules,
regulations, or customs in regard to investments by fiduciaries, but shall have
full authority and power to authorize the Trust to make, invest and reinvest
in, to buy or otherwise acquire, to hold, for investment or otherwise, to
borrow, to sell, terminate, exercise or otherwise dispose of, to lend or to
pledge, to write, enter into, engage, trade or deal in any and all investments
or investment strategies as they may deem proper at any time and from time to
time to accomplish the purpose of the Trust or any Series thereof. In
furtherance of, and in no
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way limiting, the foregoing, the Trustees shall have power and authority to
authorize the Trust:
(i) to exercise powers and rights of subscription or otherwise which in
any manner arise out of ownership of securities or other assets;
(ii) to hold any security or property in a form not indicating any trust,
whether in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form or either in the
Trust's name or in the name of a custodian or a nominee or nominees;
(iii) to exercise all rights, powers and privileges of ownership or
interest in all securities and other assets included in the Trust Property,
including the right to vote thereon and otherwise act with respect thereto
and to do all acts for the preservation, protection, improvement and
enhancement in value of all such assets;
(iv) to acquire (by purchase, lease or otherwise) and to hold, use,
maintain, develop and dispose of (by sale or otherwise) any property, real
or personal, tangible or intangible, including cash, securities, currencies,
any commodities, and any interest therein;
(v) to borrow money for any purpose and in this connection issue notes or
other evidence of indebtedness;
(vi) to secure borrowings by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise subjecting
as security all or any portion of the Trust Property;
(vii) to endorse, guarantee, or undertake the performance of any
obligation or engagement of any other Person;
(viii) to lend money or any other Trust Property;
(ix) to aid by further investment any corporation, company, trust,
association or firm, any obligation of or interest in which is included in
the Trust Property or in the affairs of which the Trustees have any direct
or indirect interest and to do all acts and things designed to protect,
preserve, improve or enhance the value of such obligation or interest;
(x) to guarantee or become surety on any or all of the contracts, stocks,
bonds, notes, debentures and other obligations of any such corporation,
company, trust, association or firm;
(xi) to consent to or participate in any plan for the reorganization,
consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer, any security or
property of which is held in the Trust;
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(xii) to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase, or sale of
property by such corporation or issuer;
(xiii) to pay calls or subscriptions with respect to any security held in
the Trust; and
(xiv) to join with other security holders in acting through a committee,
depositary, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit
any security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee,
depositary or trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority with
relation to any security (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the
Trustees shall deem proper, and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of
the expenses and compensation of such committee, depositary or trustee as
the Trustees shall deem proper.
(b) Additional Powers. The Trustees shall have the power and authority on
behalf of the Trust:
(i) to employ, engage or contract with, or make payments to, such Persons
as the Trustees may deem desirable for the transaction of the business of
the Trust or any Series thereof, including, without limitation, any Trustee
or officer of the Trust or any firm of which any such Trustee or officer is
a member, whether as agents or independent contractors of the Trust or any
Series thereof, or as delegates of the Trustees, officers, or any other
Person who may be involved with the management of the business affairs of
the Trust or any Series thereof, to have such titles, and such rights,
powers and duties as the Trustees may determine from time to time, to
terminate any such employment, engagement or contract or other relationship,
and to delegate to any such Person the supervision of any other Person that
has been so employed, engaged or contracted with;
(ii) to authorize the Trust to enter into joint ventures, partnerships
and any other combinations or associations;
(iii) to elect and remove such officers as they consider appropriate,
including, without limitation, a president and a secretary;
(iv) to authorize the Trust to indemnify any Person with whom the Trust
has dealings, including, without limitation, any service provider employed
pursuant to Article VII hereof, to such extent as the Trustees shall
determine;
(v) to authorize the Trust to purchase, and pay for out of Trust
Property, (A) insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees,
officers, employees and any other Persons, including, without limitation,
any service provider employed pursuant to Article VII hereof, against any or
all claims arising by reason of holding any such position or by reason of
any action taken or omitted by any such Person in such capacity whether or
not the Trust would have the power
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to indemnify such Person against such liability, (B) insurance for the
protection of Trust Property, (C) insurance as may be required by applicable
law, or (D) such other insurance as the Trustees shall deem advisable, in
each case as the Trustees shall determine;
(vi) to authorize the Trust to establish pension, profit-sharing, share
purchase, and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans, including the
purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as a means of providing
such retirement and other benefits, for any Trustees, officers, employees
and agents of the Trust;
(vii) to authorize the Trust to guarantee indebtedness or contractual
obligations of others;
(viii) to determine and change the fiscal year of the Trust or any Series
and the method by which its accounts shall be kept;
(ix) to adopt a seal for the Trust, but the absence of such seal shall
not impair the validity of any instrument executed on behalf of the Trust;
and
(x) to engage in any other lawful act or activity in connection with or
incidental to any of the powers enumerated in this Declaration, to do
everything necessary, suitable or proper for the accomplishment of any
purpose or the attainment of any object or the furtherance of any power
herein set forth, either alone or in association with others, and to do
every other act or thing incidental or appurtenant to or growing out of or
connected with the aforesaid business or purposes, objects or powers.
(c) The foregoing enumeration of the powers and authority of the Trustees
shall be read as broadly and liberally as possible, it being the intent of the
foregoing in no way to limit the Trustees' powers and authority.
Section 6.3. Issuance and Repurchase of Shares. The Trustees shall have the
power to authorize the Trust to issue, sell, repurchase, redeem, retire,
cancel, acquire, hold, resell, reissue, dispose of, transfer, and otherwise
deal in Shares and in any options, warrants or other rights to purchase Shares
or any other interests in the Trust other than Shares.
Section 6.4. Delegation; Committees. The Trustees shall have power to
delegate from time to time to one or more of their number or to officers,
employees or agents of the Trust the doing of such things and the execution of
such instruments either in the name of the Trust or the names of the Trustees
or otherwise as the Trustees may deem expedient, except to the extent such
delegation is prohibited by applicable law. Without limiting the foregoing, and
notwithstanding any provisions herein to the contrary, the Trustees may by
resolution appoint committees consisting of one or more, but less than the
whole number of, Trustees then in office and such other members as the Trustees
shall approve, which committees may be empowered to act for and bind the
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Trustees and the Trust, as if the acts of such committees were the acts of all
the Trustees then in office.
Section 6.5. Collection and Payment. The Trustees shall have the power to
authorize the Trust or its agents to: collect all money or other property due
to the Trust; to pay all claims, including taxes, against the Trust Property;
to prosecute, defend, arbitrate, compromise or abandon any claims relating to
the Trust Property; to foreclose any security interest securing any
obligations, by virtue of which any money or other property is owed to the
Trust; and to enter into releases, agreements and other instruments; but the
Trustees shall have no liability for failing to authorize any of the foregoing.
Section 6.6. Expenses. The Trustees shall have the power to authorize the
Trust to incur and pay any expenses which, in the opinion of the Trustees, are
necessary or incidental to carry out any of the purposes of this Declaration,
to pay compensation from the funds of the Trust to themselves as Trustees and
to reimburse themselves from the funds of the Trust for their expenses and
disbursements. The Trustees shall fix the compensation of all officers,
employees and Trustees.
Section 6.7. Manner of Acting. Except as otherwise provided herein, under
applicable law or in the Bylaws, any action to be taken or determination made
by the Trustees may be taken or made by a majority of the Trustees present at a
meeting of Trustees (a quorum being present), including any meeting held by
means of a conference telephone circuit or similar communications equipment by
means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, or
by written consents of a majority of Trustees then in office. Any such action
or determination may be made by reference to one or more documents or
instruments or policies or procedures outside this Declaration and outside the
resolutions of the Trustees. Except as set forth specifically in this
Declaration, any action that may be taken by the Trustees may be taken by them
in their sole discretion and without the vote or consent of Shareholders.
Section 6.8. Bylaws. The Trustees may adopt Bylaws not inconsistent with
this Declaration to provide for the conduct of the business of the Trust,
including, without limitation, the rights and powers of the Trust, its
Trustees, officers, employees and Shareholders, and shall have the exclusive
power to amend or repeal such Bylaws.
Section 6.9. Principal Transactions. Except in transactions not permitted by
the 1940 Act, the Trustees may authorize the Trust to buy any securities or
other assets from or sell or lend any securities or other assets of the Trust
to, any affiliate of the Trust or any account managed by an affiliate of the
Trust, any Trustee or officer of the Trust or any firm of which any such
Trustee or officer is a member acting as principal, or have any such dealings
with any service provider employed pursuant to Article VII hereof.
Section 6.10. Effect of Trustees' Determination. Any action taken or
determination made by or pursuant to the direction of the Trustees in good
faith and
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consistent with the provisions of this Declaration shall be final and
conclusive and shall be binding upon the Trust, every holder at any time of
Shares and any other Person.
ARTICLE VII
SERVICE PROVIDERS
Section 7.1. Investment Adviser and Administrator. The Trust may enter into
contracts with one or more Persons, to act as investment adviser, investment
sub-adviser, manager, administrator, sub-administrator or other agent to the
Trust or Series, and as such to perform such functions as the Trustees may deem
reasonable and proper, including, without limitation, investment advisory,
management, research, valuation of assets, clerical and administrative
functions, under such terms and conditions, and for such compensation, as the
Trustees may deem advisable. The Trustees may also authorize any adviser or
sub-adviser to employ one or more sub-advisers from time to time and any
administrator to employ one or more sub-administrators from time to time, upon
such terms and conditions as shall be approved by the Trustees.
Section 7.2. Underwriter; Transfer Agent; Shareholder Servicing Agent;
Custodian. The Trust may enter into a contract or contracts with one or more
Persons to act as underwriters, distributors or placement agents whereby the
Trust may either agree to sell Shares of the Trust or any Series or Class to
the other party or parties to the contract or appoint such other party or
parties its sales agent or agents for such Shares and with such other
provisions as the Trustees may deem reasonable and proper, and the Trust may
from time to time enter into transfer agency, sub-transfer agency and/or
shareholder servicing contract(s), in each case with such terms and conditions,
and providing for such compensation, as the Trustees may deem advisable.
All securities and cash of the Trust shall be held pursuant to a written
contract or contracts with one or more custodians and subcustodians or shall
otherwise be held in accordance with the 1940 Act.
Section 7.3. Parties to Contract. Any contract of the character described in
this Article VII may be entered into with any Person, including, without
limitation, the investment adviser, any investment sub-adviser or an affiliate
of the investment adviser or sub-adviser, although one or more of the Trustees,
officers, or Shareholders of the Trust may be an officer, director, trustee,
shareholder, or member of such other party to the contract, or otherwise
interested in such contract, and no such contract shall be invalidated or
rendered voidable by reason of the existence of any such relationship, nor
shall any Person holding such relationship be liable merely by reason of such
relationship for any loss or expense to the Trust under or by reason of said
contract or accountable for any profit realized directly or indirectly
therefrom, provided that the contract when entered into was not inconsistent
with the provisions of this Article VII or the Bylaws. The same Person may be a
party to more than one contract entered into pursuant to this Article VII and
any individual may be financially interested or otherwise affiliated with
Persons who are parties to any or all of the contracts mentioned in this
Article VII.
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Section 7.4. Further Authority of Trustees. The authority of the Trustees
hereunder to authorize the Trust to enter into contracts or other agreements or
arrangements shall include the authority of the Trustees to modify, amend,
waive any provision of, supplement, assign all or a portion of, novate, or
terminate such contracts, agreements or arrangements. The enumeration of any
specific contracts in this Article VII shall in no way be deemed to limit the
power and authority of the Trustees as set forth in Section 6.2 hereof to
authorize the Trust to employ, contract with or make payments to such Persons
as the Trustees may deem desirable for the transaction of the business of the
Trust.
ARTICLE VIII
DISTRIBUTIONS; REDEMPTIONS; DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
Section 8.1. Distributions. The Trustees may from time to time declare and
authorize the payment of, or may prescribe and set forth in a duly adopted vote
or votes of the Trustees, the bases and time or frequency, which may be monthly
or otherwise, for the declaration and payment of, such dividends and
distributions on Shares of a particular Series or Class thereof as they may
deem necessary or desirable, after providing for actual and accrued expenses
and liabilities (including such reserves as the Trustees may establish)
determined in accordance with good accounting practices. All dividends and
distributions on Shares of a particular Series shall be distributed only from
the Assets belonging to that Series, as such term is defined in Section 4.9
hereof, and shall be distributed pro rata to the Shareholders of that Series in
proportion to the number of Shares of that Series held by such Shareholders at
the date and time of record for the payment of such dividends or distributions,
subject to any variations with respect to Classes of Shares of such Series, if
any, and in a manner consistent with the 1940 Act and the Code. Such
distributions may be paid in cash and/or in securities or other property, and
the composition of any such distribution shall be determined by the Trustees
and may be different among Shareholders (including differences among
Shareholders in the same Series or Class).
Section 8.2. Redemption of Shares. All shares of the Trust shall be
redeemable, at the redemption price determined in the manner set out in this
Declaration. The Trust shall redeem the Shares of the Trust or any Series or
Class thereof at the price determined as hereinafter set forth, at such offices
or agencies and in accordance with such conditions, not inconsistent with the
1940 Act, regarding the redemption of Shares as may be described in the
applicable Prospectus.
Section 8.3. Redemption Price. Shares of the Trust, or of any Series or
Class thereof shall be redeemed at their net asset value determined as set
forth in Section 8.7 hereof as of such time or times as the Trustees shall have
theretofore prescribed, less such fees and/or charges, if any, as may be
established by the Trustees from time to time.
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Section 8.4. Payment. Payment of the redemption price of Shares of the Trust
or any Series or Class thereof shall be made in cash or in property or any
combination thereof, out of the assets of the Trust or, as applicable, the
Assets belonging to such Series, as such term is defined in Section 4.9 hereof,
and the composition of any such payment may be different among Shareholders
(including differences among Shareholders in the same Series or Class), at such
time and in the manner as may be specified from time to time in the applicable
Prospectus. In no event shall the Trust be liable for any delay of any other
Person in transferring securities or other property selected for delivery as
all or part of any such payment.
Section 8.5. Redemption of Shareholder's Interest By Action of Trust.
Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, the Trust may redeem some or all of
the Shares of the Trust or one or more Series or Classes held by any
Shareholder for any reason and under terms set by the Trustees, including by
way of illustration, for the following reasons:
(a) the value of such Shares held by such Shareholder being less than the
minimum amount established from time to time by the Trustees;
(b) the determination that direct or indirect ownership of Shares by any
Person has become concentrated in such Shareholder to any extent that would
disqualify that Series as a regulated investment company under the Code;
(c) the failure of a Shareholder to supply a tax identification or other
identification or if the Trust is unable to verify a Shareholder's identity;
(d) the failure of a Shareholder to pay when due for the purchase of Shares
issued to such Shareholder;
(e) the failure of a Shareholder to meet or maintain the qualifications for
ownership of a particular Class or Series of Shares;
(f) the payment of account fees or other charges, expenses and/or fees as
set by the Trustees, including without limitation any small account fees
permitted by Section 4.4 hereof;
(g) the determination that ownership of Shares by a particular Shareholder
is not in the best interests of the remaining Shareholders of the Trust or
applicable Series or Class;
(h) the failure of a holder of Shares or other securities of the Trust to
comply with a demand pursuant to Section 4.10 hereof;
(i) in connection with the termination of any Series or Class of Shares; or
(j) when the Trust is requested or compelled to do so by governmental
authority or applicable law.
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Section 8.6. Suspension of Right of Redemption. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the Trust may postpone payment of the redemption price and may
suspend the right of the holders of Shares to require the Trust to redeem
Shares to the extent permissible under the 1940 Act.
Section 8.7. Determination of Net Asset Value; Valuation of Portfolio
Assets. The Trustees may from time to time prescribe such bases and times for
determining the per Share net asset value of the Shares of the Trust or any
Series or Class thereof and may prescribe or approve the procedures and methods
for determining the value of portfolio assets as they may deem necessary or
desirable.
The Trust may suspend the determination of net asset value during any period
when it may suspend the right of the holders of Shares to require the Trust to
redeem Shares.
Section 8.8. Constant Net Asset Value. With respect to any Series that holds
itself out as a money market or stable value fund, the Trustees shall have the
power to reduce the number of Outstanding Shares of the Series by reducing the
number of Shares in the account of each Shareholder on a pro rata basis, or to
take such other measures as are not prohibited by the 1940 Act, so as to
maintain the net asset value per share of such Series at a constant dollar
amount.
Section 8.9. Reserves. The Trustees may set apart, from time to time, out of
any funds of the Trust or Series or out of funds allocable to a Class thereof a
reserve or reserves for any proper purpose, and may abolish any such reserve.
Section 8.10. Determination by Trustees. The Trustees may make any
determinations they deem necessary with respect to the provisions of this
Article VIII, including, but not limited to, the following matters: the amount
of the assets, obligations, liabilities and expenses of the Trust; the amount
of the net income of the Trust from dividends, capital gains, interest or other
sources for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available
for the payment of dividends or distributions; which items are to be treated as
income and which as capital; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or
decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the
propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such
reserves or charges were created shall have been paid or discharged); the
market value, or any other price to be applied in determining the market value,
or the fair value, of any security or other asset owned or held by the Trust;
the number of Shares of the Trust issued or issuable; the net asset value per
Share; and any of the foregoing matters as it may pertain to any Series or
Class.
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ARTICLE IX
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
Section 9.1. No Personal Liability of and Indemnification of Shareholders.
No personal liability for any debt, liability or obligation or expense incurred
by, contracted for, or otherwise existing with respect to, the Trust or any
Series or Class shall attach to any Shareholder or former Shareholder of the
Trust. In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder of the Trust shall be held
to be personally liable solely by reason of his being or having been a
Shareholder and not because of his acts or omissions or for some other reason,
the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his heirs, executors, administrators
or other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or other entity,
its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled out of the assets
of the Trust or, if the Trust has more than one Series, the applicable Series,
to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising
from such liability; provided, however, there shall be no liability or
obligation of the Trust or any Series arising hereunder to reimburse any
Shareholder for taxes paid by reason of such Shareholder's ownership of any
Shares or for losses suffered by reason of any changes in value of any Trust
assets. The Trust shall, upon request by the Shareholder or former Shareholder,
assume the defense of any claim made against the Shareholder for any act or
obligation of the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon.
Section 9.2. Limitation of Liability of Trustees and Others. (a) Extent of
Duties. No Trustee, officer, or employee of the Trust shall owe any duty, or
have any related liability, to any Person whatsoever (including without
limitation any Shareholder) other than to the Trust or any Series, and this
Declaration of Trust eliminates any such duty arising at law (common or
statutory) or in equity and any related liability, to the extent that such duty
or liability may be so eliminated.
(b) No Liability to Third Parties. No person who is or has been a Trustee,
officer, or employee of the Trust shall be subject to any personal liability
whatsoever to any Person, other than the Trust or any Series, in connection
with the affairs of the Trust; and all Persons shall look solely to the Trust
Property or Property of a Series for satisfaction of claims of any nature
arising in connection with the affairs of the Trust or such Series.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate, Share or undertaking
and every other act or thing whatsoever executed or done by or on behalf of the
Trust or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be
conclusively deemed to have been executed or done only in or with respect to
their or his capacity as Trustees or Trustee and neither such Trustees or
Trustee nor the Shareholders shall be personally liable thereon.
All Persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim
against the Trust or a Series shall look only to the assets of the Trust
Property or the Trust Property of such Series for payment under such credit,
contract or claim; and neither the Trustees,
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nor any of the Trust's officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or
future, shall be personally liable therefor.
(c) Limitation of Liability to Trust and Shareholders. No person who is or
has been a Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust shall be liable to the
Trust or to any Shareholder for any action or failure to act except for his or
her own bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard
of his or her duties involved in the conduct of the individual's office, and
for nothing else, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of
fact or law.
(d) No Liability for Acts of Others. Without limiting the foregoing
limitations of liability contained in this Section 9.2, a Trustee shall not be
responsible for or liable in any event for any neglect or wrongdoing of any
officer, employee, investment adviser, sub-adviser, principal underwriter,
custodian or other agent of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible or
liable for the act or omission of any other Trustee (or for the failure to
compel in any way any former or acting Trustee to redress any breach of trust),
except in the case of such Trustee's own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his
or her office.
Section 9.3. Experts; No Bond or Surety. The Trustees may rely upon advice
of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this
Declaration and their duties as Trustees hereunder, and shall be under no
liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice or for merely
failing to follow such advice. In discharging their duties, the Trustees, when
acting in good faith, shall be entitled to rely upon the books of account of
the Trust and upon written reports made to the Trustees by any officer
appointed by them, any independent registered public accounting firm and (with
respect to the subject matter of the contract involved) any officer, partner or
responsible employee of any other party to any contract entered into hereunder.
The appointment, designation or identification (including in any proxy or
registration statement or other document) of a Trustee as chair of the
Trustees, a member or chair of a committee of the Trustees, an expert on any
topic or in any area (including an audit committee financial expert), or the
lead independent Trustee, or as having experience, attributes or skills in any
area, or any other appointment, designation or identification of a Trustee,
shall not impose on that person any standard of care or liability that is
greater than that imposed on that person as a Trustee in the absence of the
appointment, designation or identification, and no Trustee who has special
attributes, skills, experience or expertise, or is appointed, designated or
identified as aforesaid, shall be held to a higher standard of care by virtue
thereof. In addition, no appointment, designation or identification of a
Trustee as aforesaid shall affect in any way that Trustee's rights or
entitlement to indemnification or advancement of expenses. The Trustees shall
not be required to give any bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is required.
Section 9.4. Liability of Third Persons Dealing with the Trust or Trustees.
No third Person dealing with the Trust or the Trustees shall be bound to make
any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction made or to be made by
the Trust or Trustees or
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to see to the application of any payments made or property transferred to the
Trust or upon its order.
Section 9.5. Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. Subject to the
exceptions and limitations contained in this Section 9.5, every person who is,
or has been, a Trustee, officer, or employee of the Trust, including persons
who serve at the request of the Trust as directors, trustees, officers,
employees or agents of another organization in which the Trust has an interest
as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (hereinafter referred to as a "Covered
Person"), shall be indemnified by the Trust or the applicable Series to the
fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses
reasonably incurred or paid by him in connection with any claim, action, suit
or proceeding in which he becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of
his being or having been such a Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent
and against amounts paid or incurred by him in settlement thereof.
No indemnification shall be provided hereunder to a Covered Person to the
extent such indemnification is prohibited by applicable federal law.
The rights of indemnification herein provided may be insured against by
policies maintained by the Trust, shall be severable, shall not affect any
other rights to which any Covered Person may now or hereafter be entitled,
shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be such a Covered Person and
shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a
person.
Subject to applicable federal law, expenses of preparation and presentation
of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding subject to a claim for
indemnification under this Section 9.5 shall be advanced by the Trust or the
applicable Series prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of the recipient to repay such amount if it is
ultimately determined that he is not entitled to indemnification under this
Section 9.5.
To the extent that any determination is required to be made as to whether a
Covered Person engaged in conduct for which indemnification is not provided as
described herein, or as to whether there is reason to believe that a Covered
Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification, the Person or
Persons making the determination shall afford the Covered Person a rebuttable
presumption that the Covered Person has not engaged in such conduct and that
there is reason to believe that the Covered Person ultimately will be found
entitled to indemnification.
As used in this Section 9.5, the words "claim," "action," "suit" or
"proceeding" shall apply to all claims, demands, actions, suits,
investigations, regulatory inquiries, proceedings or any other occurrence of a
similar nature, whether actual or threatened and whether civil, criminal,
administrative or other, including appeals, and the words "liability" and
"expenses" shall include without limitation, attorneys' fees, costs, judgments,
amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties and other liabilities.
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Section 9.6. Further Indemnification. Nothing contained herein shall affect
any rights to indemnification to which any Covered Person or other Person may
be entitled by contract or otherwise under law or prevent the Trust from
entering into any contract to provide indemnification to any Covered Person or
other Person. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trust may, in connection with
the acquisition of assets subject to liabilities pursuant to Section 4.2 hereof
or a merger or consolidation pursuant to Section 10.2 hereof, assume the
obligation to indemnify any Person including a Covered Person or otherwise
contract to provide such indemnification, and such indemnification shall not be
subject to the terms of this Article IX.
Section 9.7. Amendments and Modifications. Without limiting the provisions
of Section 11.1(b) hereof, in no event will any amendment, modification or
change to the provisions of this Declaration or the Bylaws adversely affect in
any manner the rights of any Covered Person to (a) indemnification under
Section 9.5 hereof in connection with any proceeding in which such Covered
Person becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of being or having
been a Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust or (b) any insurance payments
under policies maintained by the Trust, in either case with respect to any act
or omission of such Covered Person that occurred or is alleged to have occurred
prior to the time such amendment, modification or change to this Declaration or
the Bylaws.
Section 9.8. Derivative and Direct Actions. (a) Subject to the Delaware Act,
no Shareholder may bring a derivative or similar action or proceeding in the
right of the Trust or any Series to recover a judgment in its favor (a
"derivative action") unless each of the following conditions is met:
(i) Each Complaining Shareholder was a Shareholder of (A) the Series on
behalf of or in the right of which the action is proposed to be brought and
(B) a Class of the Series affected by the action or failure to act
complained of, to the extent that fewer than all Classes were affected (the
"affected Series or Class"), at the time of the action or failure to act
complained of, or acquired the Shares afterwards by operation of law from a
Person who was a Shareholder at that time;
(ii) Each Complaining Shareholder was a Shareholder of the affected
Series or Class at the time the demand required by subparagraph (iii) below
was made;
(iii) Prior to the commencement of such derivative action, the
Complaining Shareholders have made a written demand on the Trustees
requesting that the Trustees cause the Trust to file the action itself on
behalf of the affected Series or Class (a "demand"), which demand (A) shall
be executed by or on behalf of no less than three Complaining Shareholders,
each of which shall be unaffiliated and unrelated (by blood or by marriage)
to any other Complaining Shareholder executing such written demand and
(B) shall include at least the following:
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(1) a detailed description of the action or failure to act complained
of, the facts upon which each such allegation is made and the reasonably
estimated damages or other relief sought;
(2) a statement to the effect that the Complaining Shareholders
believe in good faith that they will fairly and adequately represent the
interests of similarly situated Shareholders in enforcing the right of
the affected Series or Class and an explanation of why the Complaining
Shareholders believe that to be the case;
(3) a certification that the requirements of subparagraphs (i) and
(ii) of this paragraph (a) have been met, as well as information
reasonably designed to allow the Trustees to verify that certification;
(4) a list of all other derivative or class actions in which any of
the Complaining Shareholders is or was a named plaintiff, the court in
which such action was filed, the date of filing, the name of all counsel
to any plaintiffs and the outcome or current status of such actions;
(5) a certification of the number of Shares of the affected Series or
Class owned beneficially or of record by each Complaining Shareholder at
the time set forth in subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) of this
paragraph (a) and an undertaking that each Complaining Shareholder will
be a Shareholder of the affected Series or Class as of the commencement
of and throughout the derivative action and will notify the Trust in
writing of any sale, transfer or other disposition by any of the
Complaining Shareholders of any such Shares within three business days
thereof; and
(6) an acknowledgment of the provisions of paragraphs (e) and (f) of
this Section 9.8 below;
(iv) Shareholders owning Shares representing at least ten percent
(10%) of the voting power of the affected Series or Class must join in
initiating the derivative action; and
(v) A copy of the proposed derivative complaint must be served on the
Trust, assuming the requirements of subparagraphs (i) through (iv) above
have already been met and the derivative action has not been barred in
accordance with paragraph (c) below.
(b) Within 90 calendar days of the receipt of a Shareholder demand submitted
in accordance with the requirements above, those Trustees who are independent
for purposes of considering the demand or a committee comprised of some or all
of such Trustees (the "independent Trustees") will consider, with the
assistance of counsel who may be retained by such Trustees on behalf and at the
expense of the Trust, the merits of the claim and determine whether maintaining
a suit would be in the best interests of the
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Trust. If, during this 90-day period, those independent Trustees conclude that
a determination as to the maintenance of a suit cannot reasonably be made
within the 90-day period, those independent Trustees may extend the 90-day
period by a period of time that the independent Trustees consider will be
sufficient to permit them to make such a determination, not to exceed 60
calendar days from the end of the initial 90-day period (such 90-day period, as
may be extended as provided hereunder, the "review period"). Notice of any such
decision to extend the review period shall be sent in accordance with the
provisions of Section 4.12 hereof to the Complaining Shareholders, or, the
Shareholders' counsel if represented by counsel, in writing within five
business days of any decision to extend the period. Trustees who are not deemed
to be Interested Persons of the Trust are deemed independent for all purposes,
including for the purpose of approving or dismissing a derivative action. A
Trustee otherwise independent for purposes of considering the demand shall not
be considered not to be independent solely by virtue of (i) the fact that such
Trustee receives remuneration for his service as a Trustee of the Trust or as a
trustee or director of one or more investment companies with the same or an
affiliated investment adviser or underwriter, (ii) the amount of such
remuneration, (iii) the fact that such Trustee was identified in the demand as
a potential defendant or witness, or (iv) the fact that the Trustee approved
the act being challenged in the demand if the act resulted in no material
personal benefit to the Trustee or, if the Trustee is also a Shareholder, no
material personal benefit that is not shared pro rata with other Shareholders.
(c) If the demand has been properly made under paragraph (a) of this
Section 9.8, and a majority of the independent Trustees have considered the
merits of the claim and have determined that maintaining a suit would not be in
the best interests of the Trust, the demand shall be rejected and the
Complaining Shareholders shall not be permitted to maintain a derivative action
unless they first sustain the burden of proof to the court that the decision of
the Trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise
of their business judgment on behalf of the Trust. If upon such consideration a
majority of the independent Trustees determine that such a suit should be
maintained, then the appropriate officers of the Trust shall cause the Trust to
commence that suit and such suit shall proceed directly rather than
derivatively or permit the Complaining Shareholders to proceed derivatively,
provided however that any counsel representing the interests of the Trust shall
be approved by the Trustees. The Trustees, or the appropriate officers of the
Trust, shall inform the Complaining Shareholders of any decision reached under
this paragraph (c) by sending in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.12
hereof written notice to each Complaining Shareholder, or the Shareholder's
counsel, if represented by counsel, within five business days of such decision
having been reached.
(d) If notice of a decision has not been sent to the Complaining
Shareholders or the Shareholders' counsel within the time permitted by
paragraph (c) above, and subparagraphs (i) through (v) of paragraph (a) above
have been complied with, the Complaining Shareholders shall not be barred by
this Declaration from commencing a derivative action.
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(e) Each Complaining Shareholder whose demand is rejected pursuant to
paragraph (c) above shall be responsible, jointly and severally, for the costs
and expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by the Trust and/or the
affected Series in connection with the Trust's consideration of the demand if a
court determines that the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an
improper purpose.
(f) The Trust or the affected Series shall be responsible for payment of
attorneys' fees and legal expenses incurred by a Shareholder bringing a
derivative or direct action in any circumstances only if required by law.
Neither the Trust nor the affected Series shall be obligated to pay any
attorneys' fees so incurred by a Shareholder other than fees that are
reasonable and that do not exceed an amount calculated using reasonable hourly
rates.
(g) No Shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a
Shareholder of the Trust where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to
a claim by the Trust, unless the Shareholder has suffered an injury distinct
from that suffered by the Trust. A Shareholder bringing a direct claim must be
a Shareholder of the Series or Class with respect to which the direct action is
brought at the time of the injury complained of, or have acquired the Shares
afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a Shareholder at that time.
(h) Each Shareholder who commences or maintains a derivative or direct
action in violation of this Section 9.8 shall, jointly and severally, reimburse
the Trust for the costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by
the Trust in connection with the action if the action is dismissed on the basis
of the failure to comply with this Section 9.8. If a court determines that any
derivative action has been brought without reasonable cause or for an improper
purpose, the costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by the
Trust in connection with the action shall be borne, jointly and severally, by
each Shareholder who commenced the action.
ARTICLE X
TERMINATION; MERGERS AND SALE OF ASSETS
Section 10.1. Termination of Trust or Series. (a) Unless terminated as
provided herein, the Trust shall continue without limitation of time. The Trust
or any Series of the Trust may be terminated at any time by the Trustees for
any reason they deem appropriate, with notice to the Shareholders of the Trust
or such Series as the case may be.
(b) Upon the requisite action of the Trustees to terminate the Trust or such
Series, after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses
and liabilities, whether due or accrued or anticipated, as may be determined by
the Trustees and as required by the Delaware Act, which may include the
establishment of a liquidating trust or similar vehicle, the Trust shall, in
accordance with such procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate, reduce
the remaining assets of the Trust or assets of the particular Series thereof to
distributable form in cash or other securities, or any combination
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thereof, and distribute the proceeds to the Shareholders of the Shares of the
Trust or such Series in the manner determined by the Trustees, provided that
Shareholders of a particular Series shall be entitled to receive a pro rata
share of the net assets of such Series only, subject to any variations with
respect to Classes of Shares of such Series, if any. Thereupon, the Trust or
any affected Series shall terminate, and the Trustees and the Trust shall be
discharged of any and all further liabilities and duties relating thereto or
arising therefrom, and the right, title, and interest of all parties with
respect to the Trust or such Series shall be canceled and discharged.
(c) Any Class of the Trust or Series thereof may be terminated by the
Trustees as provided in Article IV hereof.
(d) Upon termination of the Trust, following completion of winding up of its
business, the Trustees (or, if there is no remaining Trustee at that time, any
remaining officer of the Trust) shall direct that a Certificate of Cancellation
of the Trust be executed and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware.
Section 10.2. Merger and Consolidation. Subject to applicable law, the Trust
may merge or consolidate with or into one or more statutory trusts or other
business entities or series or classes thereof formed or organized or existing
under the laws of Delaware or any other state or the United States or any
foreign country or other foreign jurisdiction by the affirmative vote of
two-thirds (2/3) of the Trustees. Pursuant to and in accordance with (S)3815(f)
of the Delaware Act, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in
this Declaration, an agreement of merger or consolidation so approved by the
Trustees in accordance with this Section 10.2 may (a) effect any amendment to
the governing instrument of the Trust; or (b) effect the adoption of a new
governing instrument of the Trust if it is the surviving or resulting trust in
the merger or consolidation.
Section 10.3. Sale of Assets; Reorganization. The Trustees may authorize the
Trust or any Series or Class thereof, to sell, lease, transfer, pledge,
exchange, convey or dispose of all or substantially all of the Trust Property
(or all or substantially all of the Trust Property allocated or belonging to a
particular Series or Class), including its good will, to any one or more
business or statutory trusts or other business entities or series or classes
thereof (including another Series or Class of the Trust) upon such terms and
conditions and for such consideration (which may include the assumption of some
or all of the outstanding obligations and liabilities, accrued or contingent,
whether known or unknown, of the Trust or such Series or Class) as may be
authorized by the Trustees. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing,
this provision may be utilized to permit the Trust or any Series or Class
thereof to pursue its investment program through one or more subsidiary
vehicles or to operate in a master-feeder or fund of funds structure.
Section 10.4. Conversion. The Trustees may authorize the creation of one or
more statutory trusts to which all or any part of the assets, liabilities,
profits, or losses of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof may be
transferred and may provide for the
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conversion of Shares of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof into
beneficial interests in any such newly created trust or trusts or any series or
classes thereof.
Section 10.5. Combination of Classes. The authority of the Trustees under
this Article X with respect to the merger, consolidation, sale of assets or
reorganization of any Series of the Trust or any Class thereof is in addition
to the authority of the Trustees under Section 4.9 hereof to combine two or
more Classes of a Series into a single Class.
ARTICLE XI
AMENDMENTS; FILINGS; MISCELLANEOUS
Section 11.1. Amendments to Declaration and Certificate of Trust. (a) The
Trustees may by vote of a majority of the Trustees then in office amend or
otherwise supplement the Declaration by making an amendment, a Declaration
supplemental hereto or an amended and restated Declaration, provided, however,
that an amendment to any provision of Article V hereof shall require the vote
of two-thirds (2/3) of the Trustees then in office.
(b) Notwithstanding anything else herein, any amendment to Section 6.6 which
reduces the right of Trustees to receive reasonable compensation or to Article
IX which would have the effect of reducing the indemnification or limitation of
liability provided thereby to Trustees, officers, employees, and agents of the
Trust or to Shareholders or former Shareholders, and any repeal or amendment of
this sentence shall each require the affirmative vote of the holders of
two-thirds of the Outstanding Shares of the Trust entitled to vote thereon and
no such amendment shall affect the right to indemnification of any person who
is no longer a Trustee, officer or employee or agent at the time of such
amendment.
(c) The Trust's Certificate of Trust may be amended at any time for any
purpose as the Trustees may determine and such amendment shall be signed by one
or more of the Trustees or by an officer of the Trust as duly authorized by
vote of a majority of the Trustees then in office.
Section 11.2. Filing of Certificate; Copies of Declaration; Counterparts;
Headings. Any amendment to the Certificate of Trust shall be filed with the
Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The original or a copy of this
instrument and of each amendment and/or restatement hereto shall be kept in the
office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. Anyone
dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer or Trustee of
the Trust as to whether or not any such amendments or restatements have been
made and as to any matters in connection with the Trust hereunder, and with the
same effect as if it were the original, may rely on a copy certified by an
officer or Trustee of the Trust to be a copy of this instrument or of any such
amendments or restatements. This instrument may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original. Headings are placed
herein for
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convenience of reference only, and in case of any conflict, the text of this
instrument, rather than the headings, shall control.
Section 11.3. Trustees May Resolve Ambiguities. The Trustees may construe
any of the provisions of this Declaration insofar as the same may appear to be
ambiguous or inconsistent with any other provisions hereof, and any such
construction hereof by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive as to the
meaning to be given to such provisions.
Section 11.4. Applicable Law; Forum Selection; Jury Waiver. (a) The Trust
set forth in this instrument is created under and is to be governed by and
construed and administered according to the laws of the State of Delaware,
without reference to its conflicts of law rules, as a Delaware statutory trust
under the Delaware Act, and without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust
specifically reserves the right to exercise any of the powers and privileges
afforded to statutory trusts or actions that may be engaged in by statutory
trusts under the Delaware Act, and the absence of a specific reference herein
to any such power, privilege, or action shall not imply that the Trust may not
exercise such power or privilege or take such actions.
(b) Notwithstanding the first sentence of Section 11.4(a) hereof, there
shall not be applicable to the Trust, the Trustees, or this Declaration any
provisions of the laws (statutory or common) of the State of Delaware (other
than the Delaware Act) or any other state pertaining to trusts, including by
way of illustration and without limitation, laws that relate to or regulate:
(i) the filing with any court or governmental body or agency of trustee
accounts or schedules of trustee fees and charges; (ii) affirmative
requirements to post bonds for trustees, officers, agents, or employees of a
trust; (iii) the necessity for obtaining a court or other governmental approval
concerning the acquisition, holding, or disposition of real or personal
property; (iv) fees or other sums applicable to trustees, officers, agents or
employees of a trust; (v) the allocation of receipts and expenditures to income
or principal; (vi) restrictions or limitations on the permissible nature,
amount, or concentration of trust investments or requirements relating to the
titling, storage, or other manner of holding of trust assets; (vii) the
establishment of fiduciary or other standards or responsibilities or
limitations on the acts or powers or liabilities or authorities and powers of
trustees if such laws are inconsistent with the authorities and powers or the
limitation on liability of the Trustees set forth or referenced in this
Declaration; or (viii) any requirements that a trust have any initial
beneficiary or any initial corpus. Section 3540 of Title 12 of the Delaware
Code shall not apply to the Trust.
(c) No provision of this Declaration shall be effective to require a waiver
of compliance with any provision of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or the 1940 Act, or of any valid
rule, regulation or order of the Commission thereunder.
(d) Subject to the Delaware Act, any action commenced by a Shareholder
(i) directly against (x) the Trust or a Series or Class thereof, (y) its
Trustees, officers, or
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employees, related to, arising out of or concerning the Trust, is business or
operations, and/or (z) otherwise related to, arising out of or concerning the
Trust, its business or operations or (ii) derivatively in the right or name of,
or on behalf of the Trust or a Series or Class thereof (collectively, the
"Covered Actions"), shall be brought only in the U.S. District Court for the
District of Massachusetts, or if such action may not be brought in that court,
then such action shall be brought in Massachusetts Superior Court, Business
Litigation Session, in Boston, Massachusetts (each, a "Designated Court"). The
Trust, its Trustees, officers, employees and Shareholders each (a) consent to
jurisdiction in the Designated Courts; (b) waive any objection to venue in
either Designated Court and (c) waive any objection that either Designated
Court is an inconvenient forum. Except to the extent prohibited by applicable
law, if any Shareholder shall commence a Covered Action in any court other than
a Designated Court without the written consent of the Trust, then each such
Shareholder shall be obligated, jointly and severally, to reimburse the Trust
and any Trustee or officer of the Trust made a party to such proceeding for the
costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by the Trust and any
Trustee or officer of the Trust in connection with any successful motion to
dismiss, stay or transfer such action on the basis of the failure to comply
with this Section 11.4(d).
(e) In any Covered Action, there shall be no right to a jury trial. THE
RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY IS EXPRESSLY WAIVED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY
LAW.
Section 11.5. Statutory Trust Only. The Trust is not intended to be, shall
not be deemed to be, and shall not be treated as, a general or a limited
partnership, joint venture, corporation or joint stock company, nor shall the
Trustees or Shareholders or any of them for any purpose be deemed to be, or be
treated in any way whatsoever as though they were, liable or responsible
hereunder as partners or joint venturers.
Section 11.6. Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations. (a) The
provisions of this Declaration are severable, and if the Trustees shall
determine, with the advice of counsel, that any such provision, in whole or in
part, conflicts with the 1940 Act, the regulated investment company provisions
of the Code, and the regulations thereunder, the Delaware Act or with other
applicable laws and regulations, the conflicting provision, or the conflicting
part or parts thereof, shall be deemed not to constitute a part of this
Declaration; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of
the remaining provisions of this Declaration or render invalid or improper any
action taken or omitted prior to such determination.
(b) If any provision of this Declaration shall be held invalid or
unenforceable, in whole or in part, in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or
unenforceability shall attach only to such provision, or such part or parts
thereof, in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provision
in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of this Declaration in any
jurisdiction.
Section 11.7. Writings. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law,
except as the Trustees may otherwise determine:
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(a) any requirements in this Declaration or in the Bylaws that any action be
taken by means of any writing, including, without limitation, any written
instrument, any written consent or any written agreement, shall be deemed to be
satisfied by means of any electronic record in such form that is acceptable to
the Trustees provided such form is capable of conversion into a written form
within a reasonable time; and
(b) any requirements in this Declaration or in the Bylaws that any writing
be signed shall be deemed to be satisfied by any electronic signature in such
form that is acceptable to the Trustees.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the Trustees of the Trust, have
executed this instrument as of the date first written above.
/s/ Xxxxx X. Xxxx
---------------------------------------------
Xxxxx X. Xxxx, as Trustee
00 Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 00000
/s/ Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
---------------------------------------------
Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxx, as Trustee
00 Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 00000
/s/ Xxxxxxxx X.X. Xxxxxx
---------------------------------------------
Xxxxxxxx X.X. Xxxxxx, as Trustee
00 Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 00000
/s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx
---------------------------------------------
Xxxxxx X. Xxxxx, as Trustee
00 Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 00000
/s/ Xxxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxx
---------------------------------------------
Xxxxxxxxxx X. Xxxxx, as Trustee
00 Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 00000
/s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxxx
---------------------------------------------
Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxxx, as Trustee
00 Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 00000
/s/ Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx
---------------------------------------------
Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx, as Trustee
00 Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 00000
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SCHEDULE A
Series of Shares of Beneficial Interests
(Effective as of January 12, 2016)
WHEREAS, the Trustees of the Trust, acting pursuant to the Trust's agreement
and declaration of trust as then in effect, have previously established and
designated one or more series of shares of beneficial interest in the Trust
(each, a "Series") pursuant to one or more designations of series (the "Prior
Designations");
WHEREAS, in connection with the adoption of an Amended and Restated
Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated as of January 12, 2016 (the
"Declaration"), pursuant to Section 4.9(a) of the Declaration, the previously
established and designated Series are hereby included on this Schedule A, which
Schedule A shall be deemed an amendment and restatement of the Prior
Designations.
NOW THEREFORE, the following Series of the Trust are established with such
relative rights, preferences, privileges, limitations, restrictions and other
relative terms as are set forth below:
Pioneer Emerging Markets Fund
1. Each Share of each Series is entitled to all the rights and preferences
accorded to Shares under the Declaration.
2. The number of authorized Shares of each Series is unlimited.
3. Each Series shall be authorized to hold cash, invest in securities,
instruments and other property, use investment techniques, and have such goals
or objectives as from time to time described in the prospectus and statement of
additional information contained in the Trust's then currently effective
registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 to the extent
pertaining to the offering of Shares of the Series, as the same may be amended
and supplemented from time to time ("Prospectus"). Each Share of a Series shall
represent a beneficial interest in the net assets allocated or belonging to
such Series only, and such interest shall not extend to the assets of the Trust
generally (except to the extent that General Assets (as defined in the
Declaration) are allocated to such Series), and shall be entitled to receive
its pro rata share of the net assets of the Series upon liquidation of the
Series, all as set forth in Section 4.9 of the Declaration.
4. With respect to each Series, (a) the purchase price of the Shares, (b) fees
and expenses, (c) qualifications for ownership, if any, (d) the method of
determination of the net asset value of the Shares, (e) minimum purchase
amounts, if any, (f) minimum account size, if any, (g) the price, terms and
manner of redemption of the Shares, (h) any conversion or exchange feature or
privilege, (i) the relative dividend rights, and (j) any other relative rights,
preferences, privileges, limitations, restrictions and other relative
terms have been established by the Trustees in accordance with the Declaration
and are set forth in the Prospectus with respect to such Series.
5. The Trustees may from time to time modify any of the relative rights,
preferences, privileges, limitations, restrictions and other relative terms of
a Series that have been established by the Trustees or redesignate any of the
Series without any action or consent of the Shareholders.
6. The designation of any Series hereby shall not impair the power of the
Trustees from time to time to designate additional Series of Shares of the
Trust.
7. Capitalized terms not defined herein have the meanings given to such terms
in the Declaration.
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SCHEDULE B
Designation of Classes of Shares
(Effective as of January 12, 2016)
WHEREAS, the Trustees of the Trust, acting pursuant to the Trust's agreement
and declaration of trust as then in effect, have previously established and
designated one or more series of shares of beneficial interest in the Trust
(each, a "Series") and have previously established and designated one or more
classes of Shares (each, a "Class") for some or all of the Series pursuant to
one or more designations of Classes (the "Prior Designations"); and
WHEREAS, in connection with the adoption of an Amended and Restated
Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated as of January 12, 2016 (the
"Declaration"), pursuant to Section 4.9(b) of the Declaration, the previously
established and designated Classes are hereby included on this Schedule B,
which Schedule B shall be deemed an amendment and restatement of the Prior
Designations;
NOW THEREFORE, the following Classes as listed below with respect to the
identified Series of the Trust are established with such relative rights,
preferences, privileges, limitations, restrictions and other relative terms as
are set forth below:
Series Classes
------ -------
Pioneer Emerging Markets Fund.......................................... Class A
Class C
Class R
Class Y
1. Each Share of each Class is entitled to all the rights and preferences
accorded to Shares under the Declaration.
2. The number of authorized Shares of each Class is unlimited.
3. All Shares of a Class of a Series shall be identical with each other and
with the Shares of each other Class of the same Series except for such
variations between Classes as may be authorized by the Trustees from time to
time and set forth in the Trust's then currently effective registration
statement under the Securities Act of 1933 to the extent pertaining to the
offering of Shares of the Class of such Series, as the same may be amended and
supplemented from time to time ("Prospectus"). The Trustees may change the name
or other designation of a Class; and take such other action with respect to the
Classes as the Trustees may deem desirable.
4. With respect to the Shares of a Class of a Series, (a) the time and method
of determining the purchase price, (b) the fees and expenses, (c) the
qualifications for
ownership, if any, (d) minimum purchase amounts, if any, (e) minimum account
size, if any, (f) the price, terms and manner of redemption of, (g) any
conversion or exchange feature or privilege , (h) the relative dividend rights,
and (i) any other relative rights, preferences, privileges, limitations,
restrictions and other relative terms have been established by the Trustees in
accordance with the Declaration and are set forth in the Prospectus with
respect to such Class of such Series.
5. The Trustees may from time to time modify any of the relative rights,
preferences, privileges, limitations, restrictions and other relative terms of
a Class of a Series that have been established by the Trustees, divide or
combine the issued or unissued Shares of any Class of a Series into a greater
or lesser number; classify or reclassify any issued or unissued Shares of any
Class of a Series into one or more Classes of such Series; combine two or more
Classes of a Series into a single Class of such Series; in each case without
any action or consent of the Shareholders.
6. The designation of any Class hereby shall not impair the power of the
Trustees from time to time to designate additional Classes of Shares of a
Series or terminate any one or more Classes of a Series hereby designated.
7. Capitalized terms not defined herein have the meanings given to such terms
in the Declaration.
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