AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION
EXHIBIT
2.1
BY
AND AMONG
WYNDCREST
DD HOLDINGS, LLC
DD
ACQUISITION SUBSIDIARY, INC.
DIGITAL
DOMAIN, INC.
and
CERTAIN
PARTICIPATING STOCKHOLDERS
Dated
as
of February 21, 2006
Table
of Contents
Page
|
|
1
|
|
1.1.
Effective Time of the Merger
|
1
|
1.2.
Closing
|
2
|
1.3.
Effects of the Merger
|
2
|
1.4.
Conversion of Company Stock
|
2
|
1.5.
Merger Consideration; Holdback; Escrow
|
3
|
1.6.
Net Working Capital Adjustment to Merger Consideration
|
4
|
1.7.
Delivery of Consideration
|
6
|
1.8.
No Further Ownership Rights in Company Securities
|
7
|
ARTICLE
II : REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF COMPANY
|
7
|
2.1.
Organization and Qualification
|
7
|
2.2.
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
|
7
|
2.3.
Capital Structure
|
8
|
2.4.
No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents
|
9
|
2.5.
Permits; Compliance
|
10
|
2.6.
Financial Statements
|
10
|
2.7.
No Undisclosed Liabilities
|
11
|
2.8.
Anti-Takeover Statute Not Applicable
|
11
|
2.9.
Absence of Certain Changes or Events
|
12
|
2.10.
Absence of Litigation
|
13
|
2.11.
Brokers
|
14
|
2.12.
Tax Matters
|
14
|
2.13.
Real Property
|
16
|
2.14.
Intellectual Property
|
17
|
2.15.
Tangible Assets; Security Interests
|
19
|
2.16.
Inventory
|
20
|
2.17.
Contracts and Policies
|
20
|
2.18.
Omitted.
|
21
|
2.19.
Powers of Attorney
|
21
|
2.20.
Insurance
|
21
|
i
2.21.
Employees
|
22
|
2.22.
Employee Benefits
|
23
|
2.23.
Guaranties
|
23
|
2.24.
Environmental Matters
|
24
|
2.25.
Certain Business Relationships with the Company
|
25
|
2.26.
Customers
|
25
|
2.27.
Product and Service Warranties
|
25
|
2.28.
Omitted.
|
25
|
2.29.
Omitted.
|
25
|
2.30.
Disclosure
|
26
|
ARTICLE
III : REPRESENTATIONS OF PARENT AND SUB
|
26
|
3.1.
Organization and Qualification
|
26
|
3.2.
Authority
|
26
|
3.3.
No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents
|
26
|
3.4.
Absence of Certain Changes or Events
|
27
|
3.5.
Brokers
|
27
|
3.6.
Disclosure
|
27
|
ARTICLE
IV : COVENANTS
|
27
|
4.1.
Ordinary Course
|
27
|
4.2.
Omitted.
|
30
|
4.3.
Preparation and Mailing of Stockholder Information
Materials
|
30
|
4.4.
Exclusivity; Acquisition Proposals
|
31
|
4.5.
Omitted
|
32
|
4.6.
Claims
|
32
|
4.7.
Access to Properties and Records
|
32
|
4.8.
Breach of Representations and Warranties
|
32
|
4.9.
Consents
|
32
|
4.10.
Omitted
|
32
|
4.11.
Notice of Events
|
32
|
4.12.
Tax Returns
|
32
|
4.13.
Consummation of Transactions
|
33
|
4.14.
Company Disclosure Schedules
|
33
|
ii
ARTICLE
V : COVENANTS OF PARENT AND SUB
|
33
|
5.1.
Breach of Representations and Warranties
|
33
|
5.2.
Consents
|
34
|
5.3.
Consummation of Transactions
|
34
|
ARTICLE
VI : ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
|
34
|
6.1.
Legal Conditions to the Merger
|
34
|
6.2.
Employees
|
34
|
6.3.
Expenses
|
35
|
6.4.
Additional Agreements
|
35
|
6.5.
Public Announcements; Confidentiality
|
35
|
6.6.
Preparation and Filing of Returns and Payment of Taxes
|
35
|
6.7.
Estoppel Certificates
|
38
|
6.8.
FIRPTA
|
38
|
6.9.
Takeover Statutes
|
38
|
6.10.
2005 Audit
|
39
|
6.11.
Environmental Report
|
39
|
6.12.
Voting Agreement
|
39
|
6.13.
Non-Solicitation
|
40
|
6.14.
Forbearance from Enforcing Redemption Right
|
40
|
6.15.
Technology Agreement Termination
|
40
|
6.16.
Termination of Agreements among Shareholders
|
41
|
ARTICLE
VII : CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
|
41
|
7.1.
Conditions to Each Party’s Obligation to Effect the Merger
|
41
|
7.2.
Conditions of Obligations of Parent and Sub
|
41
|
7.3.
Conditions of Obligation of Company
|
42
|
ARTICLE
VIII : INDEMNIFICATION
|
43
|
8.1.
Parent and Surviving Corporation Claims
|
43
|
8.2.
Participating Stockholder Claims
|
44
|
8.3.
Third Party Claims
|
44
|
8.4.
No Waiver
|
45
|
8.5.
Binding Effect
|
45
|
8.6.
Remedies
|
46
|
iii
8.7.
Basket and Cap
|
46
|
8.8.
No Contribution
|
46
|
8.9.
Actions by Participating Stockholders; Stockholder
Committee
|
46
|
8.10.
Return of Indemnity Holdback
|
47
|
8.11.
Prohibition on Double Dipping
|
47
|
8.12.
Equitable Remedies
|
47
|
ARTICLE
IX : TERMINATION
|
48
|
9.1.
Mutual Agreement
|
48
|
9.2.
Termination by Parent
|
48
|
9.3.
Termination by Company
|
48
|
9.4.
Outside Date
|
48
|
9.5.
Effect of Termination
|
48
|
9.6.
Company Break-up Fee
|
49
|
ARTICLE
X : CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS
|
49
|
ARTICLE
XI : MISCELLANEOUS
|
53
|
11.1.
Entire Agreement
|
53
|
11.2.
Governing Law
|
53
|
11.3.
Notices
|
53
|
11.4.
Severability
|
58
|
11.5.
Assignment
|
58
|
11.6.
Counterparts
|
58
|
11.7.
Amendment
|
58
|
11.8.
Extension, Waiver
|
58
|
11.9.
Construction
|
59
|
11.10.
Jurisdiction and Venue; Waiver of Jury Trial
|
59
|
11.11.
Prevailing Party Attorneys’ Fees
|
60
|
11.12.
Tax Treatment of Transactions
|
60
|
11.13.
General Release
|
60
|
11.14.
Omitted.
|
61
|
11.15.
Survival
|
61
|
iv
List
of Exhibits
|
|
Exhibit
A
|
Delaware
Certificate of Merger
|
Exhibit
B
|
Letter
of Transmittal
|
Exhibit
C
|
FIRPTA
Certificate
|
Exhibit
D
|
Participating
Stockholder Consent
|
Exhibit
E
|
Form
of Escrow Agreement
|
Exhibit
F-1
|
Legal
Opinion of Milbank, Tweed, Xxxxxx & XxXxxx LLP
|
Exhibit
F-2
|
Legal
Opinion of Potter Xxxxxxxx & Carroon
LLP
|
v
Index
of Defined Terms
Page
|
|
30
|
|
Affiliate
|
49
|
Agreement
|
1
|
Assets
|
49
|
Authority
|
18
|
Base
Consideration
|
3
|
Benchmark
Working Capital
|
3
|
Board
|
9
|
Cal.
FIRPTA Certificate
|
38
|
CERCLA
|
49
|
Closing
|
2
|
Closing
Balance Sheet
|
4
|
Closing
Date
|
2
|
Closing
Payment
|
3
|
Code
|
49
|
Common
Stock
|
2
|
Company
|
1
|
Company
Employee Benefit Plans
|
22
|
Company
Material Adverse Effect
|
49
|
Company
Options
|
8
|
Company
Permits
|
10
|
Company
Securities
|
2
|
Company
Stock
|
2
|
Company
Subsidiary
|
7
|
Contract
|
50
|
Control
|
50
|
Covenant
Expiration Date
|
50
|
Delaware
Certificate of Merger
|
1
|
DGCL
|
1
|
Effective
Time
|
2
|
Employee
Benefit Plan
|
50
|
Employee
Pension Benefit Plan
|
50
|
Employee
Welfare Benefit Plan
|
50
|
Encumbrances
|
50
|
Environmental
Permits
|
24
|
Environmental
Property
|
24
|
Environmental
Report
|
39
|
Environmental,
Health and Safety Laws
|
50
|
ERISA
|
51
|
ERISA
Affiliate
|
51
|
Escrow
Account
|
3
|
Escrow
Agent
|
3
|
Escrow
Agreement
|
3
|
Estimated
Working Capital
|
4
|
Estoppel
Certificates
|
38
|
Excepted
Claims
|
45
|
Execution
Date Schedules
|
7
|
Final
Balance Sheet
|
11
|
Final
Working Capital
|
5
|
FIRPTA
Certificate
|
38
|
Founders’
Shareholder Agreement
|
8
|
FY
2005 Financial Statements
|
39
|
GAAP
|
51
|
Governmental
Entities
|
10
|
Hazardous
Materials
|
24
|
Historical
Financial Statements
|
10
|
Indemnity
Holdback
|
3
|
Independent
Accounting Firm
|
5
|
Information
|
51
|
Information
Assets
|
51
|
Intellectual
Property
|
51
|
IRS
|
14
|
know
|
51
|
knowledge
|
51
|
known
|
51
|
Law
|
9
|
Liabilities
|
11
|
Liability
|
11
|
Lien
|
52
|
LOI
|
35
|
Loss
|
43
|
Merger
|
1
|
Merger
Consideration
|
3
|
Multiemployer
Plan
|
52
|
Net
Working Capital
|
3
|
New
Matters
|
33
|
Notice
of Disagreement
|
4
|
Notice
Period
|
4
|
Ordinary
Course of Business
|
52
|
Outside
Date
|
48
|
Parent
|
1
|
Parent
Material Adverse Effect
|
52
|
Participating
Stockholder
|
52
|
Percentage
Share
|
3
|
Permitted
Lien
|
52
|
Person
|
52
|
Post-Closing
Patent
|
40
|
Pre-Closing
Patents
|
40
|
vi
Preferred
Stock
|
2
|
Preliminary
2005 Financial Statements
|
10
|
Proposal
Notice
|
31
|
PWC
|
39
|
Redemption
Right
|
11
|
Releasees
|
60
|
Releasing
Parties
|
60
|
Return
Periods
|
14
|
Returns
|
14
|
Schedule
8.1(iv) Liability
|
43
|
Security
Interest
|
52
|
Shareholders’
Agreement
|
8
|
Statement
of Working Capital
|
4
|
Stock
Plan
|
8
|
Stockholder
Approval
|
31
|
Stockholder
Committee
|
52
|
Stockholder
Consents
|
39
|
Stockholder
Information Materials
|
30
|
Straddle
Period
|
52
|
Sub
|
1
|
Subsidiaries
|
52
|
Subsidiary
|
52
|
Superior
Proposal
|
31
|
Superior
Proposal Notice
|
31
|
Surviving
Corporation
|
2
|
Surviving
Obligations
|
46
|
Takeover
Statute
|
11
|
Tax
|
15
|
Tax
Contest
|
45
|
Taxes
|
15
|
Third
Party Claim
|
44
|
Transaction
|
53
|
Transfer
Taxes
|
38
|
Transgressed
|
17
|
Working
Capital Adjustment
|
5
|
3
|
|
Working
Papers
|
4
|
vii
THIS
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION, dated as of February 21, 2006 (this
“Agreement”),
is
made by and among WYNDCREST DD HOLDINGS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company (“Parent”),
DD
ACQUISITION SUBSIDIARY, INC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent and a Delaware
corporation (“Sub”),
DIGITAL DOMAIN, INC., a Delaware corporation (“Company”),
and,
as to certain specified Sections and Articles of this Agreement only, the
Participating Stockholders (as defined infra).
Xxxx X.
Xxxxxx, the Manager of Parent, is a signatory to this Agreement solely for
purposes of the last sentence of Section 8.2. Certain capitalized terms used
herein are defined in Article X. An index of the terms defined herein can be
found commencing on page vi of this Agreement.
RECITALS
A. The
Board
of Directors (or corresponding governing body) of each of the Company, Parent
and Sub has approved the merger (the “Merger”)
of the
Sub with and into the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions of
this Agreement and determined that the Merger is advisable and in the best
interests of its stockholders or members, as applicable, and has approved,
adopted and declared advisable this Agreement and the transactions contemplated
hereby.
B. The
Company, Parent and Sub desire to make certain representations, warranties,
covenants and agreements in connection with, and establish various conditions
precedent to, the Merger.
INTENDING
TO BE LEGALLY BOUND THEREBY,
and in
consideration of the premises and the mutual representations, warranties,
covenants and agreements contained herein, Parent, Sub and the Company, the
Participating Stockholders as to the Sections and Articles of this Agreement
specified above their signatures hereto, and Xxxx X. Xxxxxx solely for purposes
of the last sentence of Section 8.2, hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE
I:
THE
MERGER
1.1.
Effective
Time of the Merger.
Upon
the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, at the
Effective Time (as defined infra)
Sub
shall be merged with and into the Company and the separate corporate existence
of Sub shall thereupon cease. The Company shall be the surviving corporation
in
the Merger, and the separate corporate existence of the Company with all its
rights, privileges, immunities, powers and franchises shall continue unaffected
by the Merger. The Merger shall have the effects specified in the Delaware
General Corporation Law, as amended (the “DGCL”).
As soon
as practicable following the Closing (as defined infra),
the
Company and Parent will cause a Certificate of Merger in the form of
Exhibit A
(the
“Delaware
Certificate of Merger”)
to be
executed, acknowledged and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware as provided in Section 251 of the DGCL. The Merger shall become
effective at the time when the Delaware Certificate of Merger has been duly
filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or at such later
time
as may be agreed by the parties and specified in the Delaware Certificate of
Merger (the “Effective
Time”).
1
1.2.
Closing.
The
closing of the Merger (the “Closing”)
will
take place at 10:00 a.m., Los Angeles time, on a date (the “Closing
Date”)
as
soon as practicable (but no more than five business days) after satisfaction
or
waiver of the last to be fulfilled of the conditions set forth in Article VII
that by their terms are not to occur at the Closing, at the offices of Xxxxx
Xxxx LLP, 000 Xxxxxxxx, 0xx
Xxxxx,
Xxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx 00000, unless another time, date, or place is agreed
to
in writing by the parties.
1.3.
Effects
of the Merger.
At the
Effective Time, (i) Sub will be merged with and into the Company (the
Company after the Merger is sometimes referred to herein as the “Surviving
Corporation”),
(ii) the Certificate of Incorporation of Sub will become the Certificate of
Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation, until duly amended, (iii) the
bylaws of Sub will become the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation, until duly
amended, (iv) the directors of Sub will become the directors of the
Surviving Corporation, (v) the officers of Sub will become the officers of
the Surviving Corporation, and (vi) the issued and outstanding certificates
for the capital stock of Sub will become the issued and outstanding certificates
for the capital stock of the Surviving Corporation; and from and after the
Effective Time, the Merger will have all the effects provided for by applicable
law.
1.4.
Conversion
of Company Stock.
As of
the Effective Time, each of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and Series C Convertible
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (collectively, the “Preferred
Stock”),
by
virtue of the Merger, without any action on the part of the holder thereof,
will
be converted into the right to receive the Merger Consideration (as defined
infra)
with
respect thereto as set forth in Section 1.5. The Preferred Stock and the Common
Stock (as defined infra)
are
sometimes referred to together as “Company
Stock,”
and
the
issued and outstanding shares thereof, together with any unexercised options
to
purchase Common Stock, as “Company
Securities.”
At
the
Effective Time, each of the issued
and
outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
(“Common
Stock”),
shall be
cancelled without any action on the part of the holder thereof, and without
any
payment by the Company to the holder thereof in respect thereof being
required. A
table
indicating the amount of Merger Consideration allocable to each holder of
Company Stock, assuming no Working Capital Adjustment (as defined infra),
is set
forth on Schedule
1.4(a).
The
Stock Plan (as defined infra)
shall
not be terminated as a result of the Merger, and the Company Options (as defined
infra)
outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall continue to be
outstanding from and after the Effective Time in accordance with the provisions
of the Option Plan and the respective terms of any option agreements entered
into between the Company and the holders of such options prior to the Effective
Time.
2
1.5.
Merger
Consideration; Holdback; Escrow.
(a)
Merger
Consideration.
The
“Merger
Consideration”
consists of $27,000,000 in cash (the “Base
Consideration”),
as
adjusted by the Working Capital Adjustment. The portion of the Merger
Consideration payable at Closing (the “Closing
Payment”)
is
equal to the Base Consideration, less the sum of the amounts of the Indemnity
Holdback (as defined infra)
and the
Working Capital Holdback (as defined infra)
as set
forth in Section 1.5(b). Each Participating Stockholder will be entitled to
receive that percentage of the aggregate Merger Consideration as is set forth
across from his or its name on Schedule
1.5
(each, a
“Percentage
Share”).
At
Closing, Parent shall pay the Closing Payment to the Participating Stockholders
in accordance with their respective Percentage Shares.
(b)
Holdback
Amounts.
The
following amounts shall be withheld by Parent from the amount of the Merger
Consideration payable at Closing:
(i) $2,700,000
(the “Indemnity
Holdback”),
which
amount shall be withheld by Parent to secure claims by Parent for
indemnification pursuant to Article VIII; and
(ii) The
amount, if any, on a dollar for dollar basis, by which the Estimated Working
Capital (as defined infra)
falls
below the Benchmark Working Capital (the “Working
Capital Holdback”),
which
amount shall be withheld by Parent pending the determination of the amount
of
Final Working Capital (as defined infra)
and the
amount of the Working Capital Adjustment, if any, conformably with Section
1.6.
(c)
Escrow.
At
Closing, Parent shall deposit cash in an amount equal to the sum of the
Indemnity
Holdback and Working Capital Holdback
with the
Escrow Agent (as defined infra)
pursuant to the terms of the Escrow Agreement (as defined infra).
The
Company and Parent shall each bear 50% of all costs and expenses associated
with
establishing and maintaining the underlying escrow arrangement. The escrow
account created thereby (the “Escrow
Account”)
shall
be interest-bearing, with all interest being distributed quarterly to the
Participating Stockholders in accordance with their respective Percentage
Shares. Except to the extent of a claim then pending for indemnification under
Article VIII, any remaining balance of the funds held by the Escrow Agent under
the Escrow Agreement shall be released to the Participating Stockholders on
the
date which is eighteen (18) months following the Closing Date and pursuant
to
the other terms of the Escrow Agreement. The parties have designated JPMorgan
Trust Company, N.A., to act as escrow agent (the “Escrow
Agent”)
under
an escrow agreement to be entered into at the Closing among Parent, the Company,
the Participating Stockholders and the Escrow Agent (the “Escrow
Agreement”),
substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit
E.
1.6.
Net
Working Capital Adjustment to Merger Consideration.
(a)
Benchmark
Working Capital.
“Benchmark
Working Capital”
means
$10,000,000. As used herein, “Net
Working Capital”
means,
as of the specified date, the cash and other assets of the Company subsumed
under the categories reflected as line items under the heading “Current Assets”
in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2004 contained in the Historical
Financial Statements (as defined infra)
(but
specifically excluding therefrom any inventory and any current or other portion
of any deferred tax asset), less
the
current liabilities of the Company (specifically including therein all
transaction and Merger-related expenses (including, without limitation, all
legal, accounting and similar expenses, and the cost of obtaining the
Environmental Report (as defined infra))
of or
payable by the Company, but, as to deferred revenue, including only the cost
portion thereof), all as determined in accordance with GAAP as consistently
applied by the Company.
3
(b)
Estimated
Working Capital.
The
Company shall in good faith prepare, based upon the books and records of the
Company in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, and deliver to Parent
at
Closing an unaudited balance sheet of the Company as of a date within two days
prior to the date of the Closing, which shall be accompanied by a statement
of
Net Working Capital as of the Closing Date computed by the Company in good
faith
conformably therewith (the “Estimated
Working Capital”).
Parent shall have the right, at any time prior to its delivery of the Closing
Balance Sheet (as defined infra),
to
accept the Estimated Working Capital as the Final Working Capital pursuant
to
and for purposes of Section 1.6(e).
(c)
Closing
Balance Sheet.
If
Parent does not accept the Estimated Working Capital as the Final Working
Capital, then, within sixty (60) days after the Closing Date, Parent shall
prepare and deliver to the Participating Stockholders an unaudited balance
sheet
of the Company at and as of the Closing Date (the “Closing
Balance Sheet”),
which
shall be accompanied by a statement of Net Working Capital as of the Closing
Date computed conformably therewith (the “Statement
of Working Capital”).
4
(d)
Disputes
Concerning Statement of Working Capital.
During
the thirty (30) days immediately following the receipt of the Statement of
Working Capital by the Participating Stockholders, the Participating
Stockholders and their accountants shall, at the Participating Stockholders’
expense, be entitled to review the Closing Balance Sheet and the Statement
of
Working Capital and any working papers, trial balances and similar materials
(“Working
Papers”)
relating to the Closing Balance Sheet and the Statement of Working Capital
prepared by Parent. The Statement of Working Capital shall become final and
binding upon the parties on the thirty-first (31st) day following such receipt
thereof (the “Notice
Period”)
unless
the Stockholder Committee (as defined infra)
gives
written notice to Parent of its disagreement with the Statement of Working
Capital (a “Notice
of Disagreement”)
prior
to such date. Any Notice of Disagreement shall specify in reasonable detail
the
nature of any disagreement so asserted. If a timely Notice of Disagreement
is
delivered by the Stockholder Committee, then the Statement of Working Capital
(as revised to incorporate the final resolutions of all matters placed in
controversy by the Notice of Disagreement) shall become final and binding upon
the parties on the earlier of (i) the date Parent and the Stockholder Committee
resolve in writing all differences they have with respect to any matter
specified in the Notice of Disagreement or (ii) the date all matters in dispute
with respect thereto are finally resolved by the Independent Accounting Firm
(as
hereinafter defined). During the thirty (30) days immediately following the
delivery of any Notice of Disagreement, Parent and the Stockholder Committee
shall seek in good faith to resolve in writing any differences which they may
have with respect to any matters specified in such Notice of Disagreement.
During such period, Parent and the Stockholder Committee shall have access
to
the other’s Working Papers prepared in connection with such party’s preparation
of the Closing Balance Sheet and the Statement of Working Capital and the Notice
of Disagreement, as the case may be. At the end of such thirty (30) day period
and if all differences have not been resolved, Parent and the Stockholder
Committee shall submit to PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP or, if
PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP is unable or not available to act in such capacity,
a nationally recognized accounting firm mutually acceptable to Parent and the
Stockholder Committee (the “Independent
Accounting Firm”),
for
review and resolution any and all matters which remain in dispute and which
are
included in the Notice of Disagreement. The Independent Accounting Firm shall
reach a final resolution of all matters and shall furnish such resolution in
writing to Parent and the Stockholder Committee as soon as practicable after
such matters have been referred to the Independent Accounting Firm. The
Independent Accounting Firm shall use the same accounting principles (including
all practices and valuation and estimation methodologies) used by the Company
in
the preparation of the audited balance sheet of the Company as of December
31,
2004 contained in the Historical Financial Statements (which principles,
pursuant to Section 1.6(a), shall be in accordance with GAAP as consistently
applied by the Company). Such resolution shall be made in accordance with this
Agreement and will be conclusive and binding upon Parent and the Participating
Stockholders for all purposes of this Agreement. The fees and expenses of the
Independent Accounting Firm shall be allocated (as a post-Closing expense)
to be
paid by the Surviving Corporation and/or the Participating Stockholders as
follows: the Surviving Corporation shall be responsible for that percentage
of
such fees and expenses as is equal to the percentage of the amount of the Net
Working Capital as of the Closing Date placed in dispute by the Notice of
Disagreement that the Independent Accounting Firm agrees in its final written
resolution should be included in the Final Working Capital; the Participating
Stockholders, in proportion to their respective Percentage Shares, shall be
responsible for the balance thereof, all as determined by the Independent
Accounting Firm.
(e)
Final
Working Capital.
“Final
Working Capital”
shall
mean the Net Working Capital as of the Closing Date as finally determined in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 1.6 either upon agreement by
the
parties, by expiration of the Notice Period without delivery of a Notice of
Disagreement, or by resolution of a dispute in accordance with the provisions
of
Section 1.6(d). Upon such final determination, the Merger Consideration will
be
reduced or increased by the amount, if any, by which Benchmark Working Capital
exceeds or is less than, respectively, Final Working Capital (the amount of
any
such adjustment is referred to herein as the “Working
Capital Adjustment”).
Upon
such final determination, the parties shall proceed as follows:
(i) If
Final
Working Capital is less than Benchmark Working Capital, then (1) Parent shall
retain the Working Capital Holdback to the extent of such shortfall (pursuant
to
the terms of the Escrow Agreement), (2) Parent shall pay the remainder, if
any,
of the Working Capital Holdback to the Participating Stockholders in accordance
with their respective Percentage Shares (pursuant to the terms of the Escrow
Agreement), and (3) to the extent such shortfall exceeds the amount of the
Working Capital Holdback, each Participating Stockholder shall remit to Parent
his or its Percentage Share of the amount of such excess shortfall in cash;
or
5
(ii) If
Final
Working Capital is equal to or exceeds Benchmark Working Capital, then Parent
shall pay the entire amount of the Working Capital Holdback (pursuant to the
terms of the Escrow Agreement), plus any additional amount by which the Final
Working Capital exceeds the Benchmark Working Capital, to the Participating
Stockholders in accordance with their respective Percentage Shares.
(f)
Disposition
of Funds.
All
payments under this Section 1.6 shall be remitted in immediately available
funds
within three (3) business days after the determination of Final Working Capital.
No interest shall be payable on any amounts so paid. If any Participating
Stockholder fails to pay any amount owed to Parent under this Section 1.6 when
due, then Parent shall be entitled to satisfy such shortfall from such
Participating Stockholder’s interest in (equal to its Percentage Share of) the
Indemnity Holdback deposited by Parent in the Escrow Account; provided that
neither the exercise of, nor the failure to exercise, such right will constitute
an election of remedies or limit Parent in any manner in the enforcement of
any
other remedies that may be available to it hereunder.
1.7.
Delivery
of Consideration.
(a)
At
the Closing, each Participating Stockholder will deliver to Parent a letter
of
transmittal substantially in the form of Exhibit B
and
instructions for its use in effecting the surrender of the Preferred Stock
held
by him or it against payment therefor pursuant to the terms of this Article
I.
Upon surrender of the appropriate documents in respect of a Participating
Stockholder’s Preferred Stock to Parent, together with such letter of
transmittal duly executed, such Participating Stockholder will be entitled
to
receive on the Closing Date in exchange therefor such holder’s respective
Percentage Share of the Closing Payment, which amount will be paid by Parent
to
each Participating Stockholder by wire transfer, and the surrendered securities
will be canceled. No interest will be paid or accrued on the cash payable upon
the surrender of such securities. The balance of the Merger Consideration (if
any becomes due) will be payable to the Participating Stockholders according
to
the terms of Section 1.6, Article VIII and the Escrow Agreement.
(b)
If
the payment is to be made to an individual, a partnership, a joint venture,
a
limited liability company, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated
organization or any other person other than the Participating Stockholder in
whose name Preferred Stock is registered on the stock records of the Company,
it
will be a condition of payment that (a) the documentation representing such
Preferred Stock so surrendered will be properly endorsed or otherwise in proper
form for transfer and (b) the Participating Stockholder requesting such
payment or issuance will pay any transfer or other Taxes (as defined
infra)
required by reason of the payment or issuance to a person other than the
registered holder of the Preferred Stock surrendered or establish to the
satisfaction of Parent that such Tax has been paid or is not applicable. Until
surrendered in accordance with the provisions of this Section 1.7, each issued
and outstanding share of Preferred Stock will, from and after the Effective
Time, represent only the right to receive the amount provided by this Article
I
with respect thereto, without any interest thereon.
6
1.8.
No
Further Ownership Rights in Company Securities.
The
cash payments to be delivered to the Participating Stockholders on or after
the
Closing as described herein will respectively be deemed to have been delivered
in full satisfaction of all rights pertaining to the Company Securities accruing
to the holders thereof. From and after the Closing Date, there will be no
transfers on the stock transfer books of the Company, and as of the Effective
Time all shares of the Company Stock will be cancelled. Specifically, upon
consummation of the Merger, certificates that immediately prior to the Effective
Time represented outstanding Company Stock shall cease to represent any rights
with respect thereto and, subject to applicable Law (as defined infra)
and
this Agreement, such certificates shall only represent the right to receive
the
Merger Consideration relating thereto, if any.
ARTICLE
II:
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF COMPANY
The
Company hereby represents and warrants to Parent and Sub (i) as of the date
of
this Agreement, as follows, as qualified by the information contained in the
applicable Schedules in the form attached hereto as of the date of this
Agreement (“Execution
Date Schedules”),
and
(ii) as of the Closing Date, as follows, as qualified by the Execution Date
Schedules supplemented as permitted by Section 4.14:
2.1.
Organization
and Qualification.
The
Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the State of Delaware. Each Subsidiary of the Company listed
on Schedule
2.1
is duly
organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the
jurisdiction of its formation. Except as set forth in Schedule
2.1,
the
Company and each such Subsidiary (each, a “Company
Subsidiary”)
has
all requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its Assets
and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, and is duly qualified
and in good standing to do business in each jurisdiction in which the nature
or
level of the business conducted by it, or the ownership, leasing or use of
its
Assets, makes such qualification necessary. Except as set forth in Schedule
2.1,
the
Company has no Subsidiaries, does not, directly or indirectly, own or control
any investment or interest (whether in the form of debt or equity) in any other
person, and owns all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of or other
equity interests in each Company Subsidiary.
2.2.
Certificate
of Incorporation and Bylaws.
The
Company has provided to Parent complete and correct copies of (i) the Company’s
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and the equivalent organizational
documents for each Company Subsidiary, in each case as amended or restated,
as
in effect as of the Closing Date, (ii) the minute books relating to all meetings
of stockholders, board of directors and committees of the Company and each
Company Subsidiary, (iii) all stock transfer books of the Company and each
Company Subsidiary, and (iv) a list of the current officers and directors of
the
Company and each Company Subsidiary. The Company has made available to Parent
complete and correct copies of all stock certificate books of the Company and
each Company Subsidiary. Neither the Company nor any Company Subsidiary is
in
violation of any of the provisions of its Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws
(or equivalent organizational documents), in each case as amended or restated.
In addition, such minute books (containing the record of meetings of the
stockholders, the board of directors and any committees of the board of
directors), stock certificate books and stock transfer books of the Company
and
each Company Subsidiary accurately reflect the actions and matters required
to
be contained therein.
7
2.3.
Capital
Structure.
(a)
The
authorized capital stock of the Company consists of (i) 200,000,000 shares
of
Common Stock, of
which
2,302,790 shares are issued and outstanding, and (ii) 150,000,000 shares of
Preferred Stock, of which 33,333,334 have been designated as Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock, of which 33,333,334 are issued and outstanding,
33,333,334 of which have been designated as Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock, of which 33,333,334 are issued and outstanding, and 33,333,334 of which
have been designated as Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, of which
33,333,334 are issued and outstanding. As of the date hereof, 11,841,140 shares
of Common Stock are reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding
employee stock options under the Company’s 1995 Stock Option Plan (the
“Stock
Plan”),
and
options for a total of 6,721,000 shares of Common Stock have been granted and
remain outstanding under the Stock Plan (the “Company
Options”).
As to
the holder of any Company Option(s), Schedule
2.3(a)
sets
forth: (i) the name of the holder; (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock
covered by such Company Option(s); (iii) the exercise price(s) applicable to
such Company Option(s); (iv) the date(s) of grant applicable thereto; and (v)
the number of Company Options vested, if any, applicable thereto. Other than
the
Company Options, there are no other outstanding options, warrants, rights or
other securities convertible into or exercisable for any equity securities
of
the Company or any Company Subsidiary issued or, to the knowledge of the
Company, outstanding, and no Company Securities are held by the Company in
its
treasury. Other than the Company Securities, there are no outstanding securities
issued by the Company. True and complete copies of the Stock Plan, the
Shareholders’ Agreement dated as of February 20, 1996, as amended (the
“Shareholders’
Agreement”),
the
Founders’ Shareholder Agreement dated as of February 20, 1996 (the
“Founders’
Shareholder Agreement”),
and
the Registration Rights Agreement dated as of February 20, 1996 (together
with the Shareholders’ Agreement and the Founders’ Shareholder Agreement, the
“Shareholder
Agreements”),
in
each case as amended or restated, and all other agreements and instruments
setting forth the rights of all Company Securities, have been delivered to
Parent or its counsel.
(b)
All
of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company Stock are duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not subject to preemptive
rights created by statute, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws
or any agreement to which the Company is a party or bound, other than the
Shareholders’ Agreement. There are no bonds, debentures, notes or other
indebtedness, issued or outstanding which (i) have the right to vote (or
are
convertible or exercisable into securities having the right to vote) with
holders of Common Stock or Preferred Stock on any matter, or (ii) are or
will
become entitled to receive any payment as a result of the execution of this
Agreement or the completion of the transactions contemplated hereby. Except
as
disclosed in Schedule
2.3(b),
there
are no options, warrants, calls or other rights (including subscription rights
or registration rights), agreements, proxies, voting rights agreements, voting
trusts, arrangements or commitments of any character, presently outstanding,
which (i)
obligate
the Company or any Company Subsidiary to issue, deliver or sell shares of
its
capital stock or debt securities, (ii)
obligate
the Company or any Company Subsidiary to grant, extend or enter into any
such
option, warrant, call or other such right, agreement, proxy, voting trust,
arrangement or commitment, (iii)
obligate
the Company to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of Company
Stock, or (iv)
to the
knowledge of the Company, relate to the issued capital stock of, or other
outstanding equity interests in, the Company.
8
(c)
The
Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver
this Agreement and, assuming due authorization by the Company’s stockholders, to
perform its obligations hereunder and to consummate the Merger. As of the date
of this Agreement, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”)
has
unanimously determined that this Agreement and the transactions contemplated
hereby are advisable and in the best interests of the stockholders of the
Company and has unanimously recommended that the stockholders of the Company
approve this Agreement and adopt the Merger. The action taken by the Board
constitutes approval of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated
hereby by the Board for purposes of Section 203 of the DGCL, such that the
restrictions of Section 203 of the DGCL do not apply to this Agreement or
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Except for submitting this
Agreement to the Company’s stockholders for approval, no other corporate
proceeding or approval is required on the part of the Company to consummate
the
Merger. The delivery of the Stockholder Consents (as defined infra)
to the
Board, as contemplated by Section 6.12, shall constitute approval of this
Agreement and the Merger by the stockholders of the Company in accordance with
the applicable provisions of the DGCL and the Company’s Certificate of
Incorporation and Bylaws. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered
by
the Company and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery thereof
by the other parties hereto, constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation
of the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms.
2.4.
No
Conflict; Required Filings and Consents.
(a)
Except as set forth on Schedule
2.4(a),
the
execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company does not, and the
performance of this Agreement by the Company will not, (i) conflict with or
violate the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, in each case as
amended or restated, (ii) except as would not reasonably be expected to have
a
Company Material Adverse Effect, conflict with or violate any federal, state,
foreign or local law, statute, ordinance, rule, regulation, order, guidance,
policy, judgment or decree (collectively, “Law”)
that
is applicable to the Company or by which any of its properties is bound or
to
which any of its properties is subject, or (iii) except as would not reasonably
be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect, result in any violation
of or breach of or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse
of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights
of
termination, amendment, acceleration, suspension or cancellation of, or require
payment under, or result in the loss or impairment of, or result in the creation
of an Encumbrance on, any of the properties or Assets of the Company under
or
pursuant to, any note, bond, mortgage, security agreement, indenture, contract,
agreement, lease, license, right, permit, franchise or other instrument or
obligation to which the Company is a party or by which the Company or any of
its
Assets is bound or to which any of its Assets is subject.
9
(b)
The
execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company does not, and the
performance of this Agreement by the Company will not, require the Company
to
obtain any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or to make any filing
with or notification to, any governmental, regulatory or quasi-governmental
authority, domestic or foreign (collectively, “Governmental
Entities”)
based
on applicable Law and/or other requirements of Governmental Entities,
except
for the filing of the Delaware Certificate of Merger with the Delaware Secretary
of State.
2.5. Permits;
Compliance. Except
as
set forth on Schedule
2.5,
the
Company is in possession of all material franchises, grants, authorizations,
licenses, permits and permissions, easements, variances, exemptions, consents,
certificates, approvals, orders and other rights and authorities necessary
to
own, lease, operate, use, access, disclose, and exercise intellectual property
or other rights in, its Assets and to carry on its business as it is now being
conducted (collectively, the “Company
Permits”),
and,
except as set forth on Schedule
2.5,
there
is no written notice, claim, action, proceeding or investigation pending or,
to
the knowledge of the Company, threatened regarding modification, suspension
or
cancellation of any material Company Permits or any lack of rights or authority
(or exceeding rights or authorities) under any of them. Except as set forth
on
Schedule
2.5,
the
Company is not in conflict with, or in default or violation of, (i) any Law
applicable to the Company or which any of its Assets is bound by or subject
to
or (ii) any of the Company Permits. Except as set forth on Schedule
2.5,
the
Company has not received from any Governmental Entity or any other person any
notification in a record with respect to possible conflicts, defaults or
violations of Law, except for any possible conflicts, defaults or violations
of
Law that would not reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse
Effect.
2.6.
Financial
Statements.
(a)
Schedule
2.6
contains
true, correct and complete copies of the unaudited balance sheet of the Company
as of December 31, 2005, and the related statement of operations, statement
of cash flows and statement of shareholders equity (deficit) for the
twelve-month period then ended (the “Preliminary
2005 Financial Statements”),
and
of the audited
balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004, and the
related statements of operations, statements of cash flows and statements of
shareholders equity (deficit) for the twelve month periods then ended, and
the
notes and schedules thereto (together with the Preliminary 2005 Financial
Statements, the “Historical
Financial Statements”).
The
Historical Financial Statements (i) are accurate and complete in all material
respects, in accordance with the assumptions and methodology set forth therein,
(ii) have been prepared based on the books and records of the Company in
accordance with GAAP, and present fairly in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the
respective dates and periods indicated, and (iii) contain and reflect all
necessary adjustments, accruals, provisions and allowances for a fair
presentation in all material respects of the Company’s financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows for the periods covered, except, in the
case of the Preliminary 2005 Financial Statements only, for only the omission
of
notes thereto and the absence of a qualification of such financial statements
relating to the mandatory redemption right of Cox DDI, Inc. maturing March
1,
2006, to have the Company redeem its Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (the
“Redemption
Right”)
and,
solely with respect to the Redemption Right, an attendant going concern
qualification.
Upon
delivery by the Company to Parent of the FY
2005
Financial Statements
(as
defined infra),
the FY
2005 Financial Statements shall be deemed included in the definition of
Historical Financial Statements for all purposes contemplated by this Agreement,
including, without limitation, this Section 2.6(a).
10
(b)
The
Company (2)
makes
and keeps accurate books and records and (3)maintains
internal accounting controls which provide reasonable assurance that (x)
transactions are executed in accordance with management’s authorization, (y)
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of its financial
statements and to maintain accountability for its Assets, (z) access to its
Assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s authorization and (zz)
the reported accountability for its Assets is compared with existing Assets
at
reasonable intervals.
(c)
Except as set forth on Schedule
2.6(c),
to the
knowledge of the Company, the “trade accounts receivable” and the “unbilled
receivables” reflected on the balance sheet contained in the Preliminary 2005
Financial Statements (the “Final
Balance Sheet”)
are
valid receivables subject to no setoffs or counterclaims, and have been
outstanding receivables on the Company’s books and records for fewer than 90
days. On the Closing Date, there are no receivables due from any of the
Company’s officers, directors or stockholders.
2.7.
No
Undisclosed Liabilities.
Except
as disclosed on Schedule
2.7,
the
Company has no liabilities or other material pecuniary obligations of any kind
whatsoever, whether accrued, contingent, absolute, determined, determinable
or
otherwise, including liabilities for Taxes (“Liability”
or
“Liabilities”),
and
there is no existing condition, situation or set of circumstances which could
reasonably be expected to result in such a Liability, other than Liabilities
fully reflected or reserved against on the face of the Final Balance Sheet,
and
any Liabilities incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company
since
December 31, 2005 through the Closing Date.
2.8.
Anti-Takeover
Statute Not Applicable.
None
of
the restrictions in any “business combination,” “fair price,” “moratorium,”
“control share acquisition” or other similar anti-takeover statute or regulation
under the Law of the State of Delaware or the State of California or other
applicable Law (each, a “Takeover
Statute”)
is
applicable to the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.
11
2.9.
Absence
of Certain Changes or Events.
Since
December 31, 2005, there has not been any material adverse change in the
business, financial condition, operations, results of operations or prospects
(except solely as incident to the potential consummation of the Merger) of
the
Company except as disclosed in Schedule
2.9.
Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, since that date, except as disclosed
in Schedule
2.9:
(a)
the
Company has not entered in to any Transaction with respect to its Assets or
with
its customers, other than for fair consideration in the Ordinary Course of
Business of the Company;
(b)
the
Company has not entered into any other Transaction or any agreement, contract,
lease or license outside the Ordinary Course of Business of the
Company;
(c)
no
party (including the Company) has accelerated, terminated, modified (in any
material respect) or canceled any material agreement, contract, lease or license
(or material series of related agreements, contracts, leases and licenses)
to
which the Company is a party or by which the Company is bound;
(d)
the
Company has not imposed, granted, allowed or consented to any Security Interest
upon any of its Assets outside of the Ordinary Course of Business of the
Company;
(e)
the
Company has not made any capital expenditure (or series of related capital
expenditures) either involving more than an aggregate of $1,300,000 (the amount
of the Company’s 2006 Capital Expenditure Budget, as previously adopted by the
Board) or outside the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company;
(f)
the
Company has not made any capital investment in, any loan to, or any acquisition
of the securities or material Assets of, any other person (or series of related
capital investments, loans, and acquisitions);
(g)
the
Company has not issued any note, bond, or other debt security or created,
incurred, assumed, or guaranteed any indebtedness for borrowed money or
capitalized lease obligation;
(h)
the
Company has not delayed or postponed the payment of accounts payable, accrued
expenses or other Liabilities outside the Ordinary Course of Business of the
Company;
(i)
the
Company has not canceled, lost, compromised, waived, or released any material
right or claim (or material series of related rights and claims);
(j)
the
Company has not granted any license or sublicense of any material rights under
or with respect to any Asset or Intellectual Property;
(k)
there
has been no change made or authorized in the Company’s Certificate of
Incorporation or Bylaws;
12
(l)
the
Company has not issued, sold or otherwise disposed of any of its capital stock,
or granted any options, warrants, or other rights to purchase or obtain
(including upon conversion, exchange, or exercise) any of its capital
stock;
(m)
the
Company has not declared, set aside, or paid any dividend or made any
distribution with respect to its capital stock (whether in cash or in kind)
or
redeemed, purchased, or otherwise acquired any of its capital
stock;
(n)
the
Company has not experienced any material damage, destruction, or loss (whether
or not covered by insurance and whether tangible or intangible) to its
Assets;
(o)
the
Company has not made any loan to, or entered into any other Transaction with,
any of its directors, officers and employees;
(p)
the
Company has not entered into or modified the terms of any employment contract
for any employee outside of the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company,
or
for any employee who is also an officer or director of the Company, or
collective bargaining agreement, written or oral;
(q)
the
Company has not granted any increase in the compensation of any of its
directors, officers and employees (except for any such increase in the Ordinary
Course of Business of the Company to an employee (who is not also a director
or
officer of the Company));
(r)
the
Company has not adopted, amended, modified or terminated any bonus,
profit-sharing, incentive, severance or other benefit plan, or commitment for
the benefit of any of its directors, officers and employees (or taken any such
action with respect to any other Employee Benefit Plan);
(s)
the
Company has not made any other change in employment terms for any of its
employees outside of the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company, or for
any
employee who is also an officer or director of the Company;
(t)
there
has not been any material other occurrence, event, incident, action, failure
to
act or transaction outside the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company
involving the Company; and
(u)
the
Company has not committed to perform any of the foregoing.
2.10.
Absence
of Litigation. Except
as disclosed on Schedule
2.10,
there
is no claim, action, suit, litigation, proceeding, arbitration or investigation
of any kind, at law or in equity (including actions or proceedings seeking
injunctive relief), pending or threatened against the Company or any of its
Assets. The Company is not subject to any continuing order of, consent decree,
settlement agreement or other similar written agreement with or continuing
investigation by, any court or Governmental Entity, or any judgment, order,
writ, injunction, decree or award of any court, Governmental Entity or
arbitrator. Except as disclosed on Schedule
2.10,
to the
knowledge of the Company, there is no existing fact, event, condition,
circumstance or other matter which is reasonably likely to result in any
litigation, arbitral or similar proceeding having a Company Material Adverse
Effect.
13
2.11.
Brokers.
No
broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or
other fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated by
this
Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of the Company or any
of
its Affiliates.
2.12.
Tax
Matters.
(a)
The
Company and each of its Subsidiaries has timely filed (or caused to be filed)
all federal, state, local and foreign Tax returns, reports and information
statements (“Returns”)
required to be filed by it, which Returns are true, correct and complete in
all
material respects. All Taxes required to be paid in respect of the periods
covered by such Returns (“Return
Periods”)
have
either been paid or fully accrued on the books of the Company. The Final Balance
Sheet contains adequate accruals for all unpaid Taxes through the date thereof,
and all unpaid Taxes in respect of periods thereafter and prior to the Closing
will be fully accrued on the books and records of the Company prior to Closing.
As of the date of the Final Balance Sheet, the Company has no Liabilities for
Taxes, other than such Liabilities as are reflected thereon. The Company has
not
taken any position on any Tax Return or filing which is or would be subject
to
penalties under Section 6662 of the Code. Except as set forth on Schedule
2.12,
neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has requested or been granted any
extension of time to file any Return that has not yet been filed. The Company
has provided or made available to Parent true and correct copies of all Returns
for the Company and each of its Subsidiaries, all correspondence with any taxing
authority, all Tax work papers and other similar Tax data for taxable periods
ending on or after December 31, 2001.
(b)
No
deficiencies or adjustments for any Tax of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries have been claimed, proposed or assessed or threatened in writing.
No claim has ever been made in writing by an authority in a jurisdiction where
the Company does not file Returns that the Company is or may be subject to
taxation by that jurisdiction. Schedule
2.12(b)
accurately sets forth the years for which the Company’s and each of its
Subsidiaries’ federal and state income Returns, respectively, have been audited
and any years which are the subject of a pending audit by the Internal Revenue
Service (“IRS”)
and/or
the applicable state taxing agencies. Except as disclosed on Schedule
2.12(b),
neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to any pending Tax audit
or
examination and no such Tax audit or examination has been threatened in writing.
Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any agreements,
waivers or other arrangements in respect of the statute of limitations in
respect of its Taxes or Tax Returns. Schedule
2.12(b)
sets
forth as of December 31, 2004 the amount of any consolidated net operating
loss
carryover of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
14
(c)
For
the purposes of this Agreement, the terms “Tax”
and
“Taxes”
shall
include all federal, state, local and foreign taxes, assessments, duties,
tariffs and other similar governmental charges including all income, franchise,
property, production, sales, use, payroll, license, windfall profits, severance,
withholding, excise, gross receipts and other taxes, as well as any interest,
additions or penalties relating thereto and any interest in respect of such
additions or penalties.
(d)
There
are no Liens for Taxes upon the Assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
except for Taxes that are not yet payable. The Company has withheld all Taxes
required to be withheld in respect of wages, salaries and other payments to
all
employees, officers and directors and any other person and has timely paid
all
such amounts withheld to the proper taxing authority.
(e)
Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is liable for any payment that
would be includible in the gross income of an employee, director, or independent
contractor of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries as a result of the
application of Section 409A of the Code.
(f)
With
respect to Parent’s payment of the Merger Consideration, Parent
is
not required to deduct and withhold any monies in connection therewith from
the
Participating Stockholders under the Code, or any applicable Law, including,
without limitation, any applicable provision of state, local, or foreign Tax
law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Participating
Stockholders are not subject to withholding under Section 1445 of the Code
(or
any corresponding provision of California law) with respect to any transaction
contemplated hereby.
(g)
Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has engaged in any “reportable
transaction” as defined in Treasury Regulation Section
1.6011-4(b)(1).
(h)
No
consent or agreement has been made under Section 341(f) of the Code by or on
behalf of the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any predecessor thereof.
Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is and neither has ever been
a
party to any Tax sharing or Tax allocation agreement. No item of income or
gain
reported by the Company for financial accounting purposes in any pre-Closing
period is required to be included in taxable income in any post-Closing period.
Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has ever been a member of any
affiliated group of corporations within the meaning of Section 1504 of the
Code.
Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has participated in, or
cooperated with, an international boycott within the meaning of Section 999
of
the Code. For any taxable period beginning before the Closing Date, neither
the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is required to include in income any
adjustment pursuant to Section 481(a) of the Code (or similar provisions of
other law or regulations) by reason of a change in accounting method; nor does
the Company have any knowledge that the IRS (or other taxing authority) has
proposed, or is considering, any such change in accounting method. Neither
the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any agreement, contract,
or
arrangement that would result in the payment of any “excess parachute payment”
within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code or any similar provision of
foreign, state or local law. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
has
and has not had a “permanent establishment” (as defined in any applicable income
tax treaty) in any country other than the United States. There are no
outstanding rulings or requests for rulings from any taxing authority with
respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
15
(i)
Except as a result of the Merger, the use of any net operating loss carryover,
net capital loss carryover, unused investment credit or other credit carryover
of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is not subject to any limitation
pursuant to Section 382 of the Code or otherwise. The Company is not and has
never been a real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section
897
of the Code. None of the assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is
property that is required to be treated as owned by any other person pursuant
to
the “safe harbor lease” provisions of former Section 168(f)(8) of the Code and
in effect immediately prior to the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986
and
none of the Assets of the Company is “tax exempt use property” within the
meaning of Section 168(h) of the Code. None of the Assets of the Company or
any
of its Subsidiaries secures any debt the interest on which is tax exempt under
Section 103 of the Code. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is
liable for Taxes under the provisions of Treasury Regulation Section
1.1502-6(a).
(j)
Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has constituted either a
“distributing corporation” or a “controlled corporation” in a distribution of
stock qualifying for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code (i) in
the
two (2) years prior to the date of this Agreement, or (ii) in a distribution
which could otherwise constitute part of a “plan” or “series of related
transactions” (within the meaning of Section 355(e) of the Code) in conjunction
with the transactions contemplated hereby.
2.13.
Real
Property.
(a)
The
Company has never owned any real property.
(b)
Schedule
2.13(b)
lists
and describes briefly all real property leased or subleased to the Company.
The
Company has delivered to Parent correct and complete copies of the leases and
subleases listed in Schedule
2.13(b).
With
respect to each lease and sublease listed in Schedule
2.13(b):
(i) the
lease
or sublease is legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full force and
effect;
(ii) except
as
set forth on Schedule
2.4(a),
the
consummation of the Merger will not affect the terms or enforceability of the
lease or sublease;
(iii) no
party
to the lease or sublease is in breach or default in any material respect, and
no
event has occurred which, with notice or lapse of time, would constitute a
breach or default in any material respect or permit termination, modification,
or acceleration thereunder;
(iv) no
party
to the lease or sublease has repudiated any material provision
thereof;
16
(v) there
are
no material disputes, oral agreements or forbearance programs in effect as
to
the lease or sublease;
(vi) the
Company has not assigned, transferred, conveyed, mortgaged, deeded in trust
or
encumbered any interest in the leasehold or subleasehold; and
(vii) except
as
set forth on Schedule
2.13(b),
all
facilities leased or subleased thereunder have received all approvals of
Governmental Entities (including licenses and permits) required in connection
with the operation thereof and have been operated and maintained in all material
respects in accordance with applicable Law.
2.14.
Intellectual
Property.
(a)
Except as set forth on Schedule 2.14(a), the Company owns or has rights pursuant
to license, sublicense, agreement or permission, applicable Law or otherwise,
to
all Intellectual Property and Information Assets necessary for the operation
of
the Company’s business as presently conducted, proposed to be conducted prior to
the Closing Date, and as required to be conducted in accordance with applicable
Law and Company obligations. Each Information Asset and each item of
Intellectual Property owned, leased or used by the Company will be owned, leased
or available for use by the Company on the identical terms and conditions
immediately subsequent to the Closing. The Company has taken all reasonably
necessary and desirable action to maintain and protect each such material
Information Asset and each such material item of Intellectual
Property.
(b)
Except as set forth on Schedule 2.14(b), the Company has not interfered with,
infringed upon, misappropriated, converted, violated, trespassed upon, exceeded
authority or consent with respect to, disclosed without authority, or otherwise
come into conflict with (collectively “Transgressed”)
any
Intellectual Property rights or rights in Information Assets of any third party.
Except as disclosed in Schedule
2.14(b),
to the
knowledge of the Company, the Company has not received, within the preceding
five (5) years, any oral or written charge, complaint, claim, demand or notice
alleging that any such rights were Transgressed (including any claim that the
Company must license or refrain from using any Intellectual Property rights
of
any third party). To the Company’s knowledge, except as set forth in
Schedule
2.14(b),
no
third party has Transgressed any Intellectual Property rights or Information
Assets of the Company.
(c)
Schedule
2.14(c)
identifies each patent or trademark, domain name and copyright registration
that
has been issued to the Company or any Affiliate of the Company with respect
to
any of its Intellectual Property or Information Assets, identifies each pending
application or application for registration that the Company or any Affiliate
of
the Company has made with respect to any of its Intellectual Property or
Information Assets, identifies all domain names that are used by, registered
to
or held by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company, and identifies each
license, agreement, or other permission which the Company or any Affiliate
of
the Company has granted to any third party with respect to any of its material
Intellectual Property or material Information Assets (together with any
exceptions). The Company has delivered to Parent correct and complete copies
of
all the items listed on Schedule
2.14(c)
(as such
items are amended to date). Schedule
2.14(c)
also
identifies each trade name or unregistered trademark used by the Company or
any
Affiliate of the Company in connection with any of its businesses. With respect
to each item of Intellectual Property or Information Asset required to be
identified in Schedule
2.14(c):
17
(i) except
as
set forth in Schedule
2.14(c),
the
Company possesses all (x) right, title, and interest in and to the item, or
(y)
possesses all exclusive or nonexclusive rights in the item such that no other
person holds a rightful claim to, or interest in, the Intellectual Property
or
Information Asset which could interfere in any material respect with the
Company’s enjoyment of the Company’s rights thereto, and the right, title and/or
interest described in (x) or (y) is free and clear of any Security Interest,
license, or other material restriction;
(ii) such
item
is not subject to any outstanding injunction, judgment, order, decree, ruling
or
charge;
(iii) no
action, suit, proceeding, hearing, investigation, charge, complaint, claim
or
demand is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened which
challenges the legality, validity, enforceability, use or ownership of or
license or right in or to such item;
(iv) no
consents are required for the exercise of any rights in the item by Parent
or
the Company as a result of the Merger;
(v) the
Company is not, nor as a result of the execution or delivery of this Agreement,
or performance of the Company’s obligations hereunder, will the Company be, in
violation of any material Transaction relating to the Company’s Intellectual
Property or Information Assets to which the Company is a party or otherwise
bound; and
(vi) the
Company has never agreed to indemnify any person for having Transgressed such
item.
(d)
Schedule
2.14(d)
identifies each material Information Asset and each item of Intellectual
Property that any third party owns and that the Company or any Affiliate of
the
Company uses pursuant to license, sublicense, agreement, consent or permission,
applicable Law or other authority (collectively, “Authority”),
other
than shrink-wrap and click-wrap licenses for computer software. The Company
has
delivered to Parent correct and complete copies of each such Authority (as
amended to date). With respect to each item of Intellectual Property and
Information Asset required to be identified in Schedule
2.14(d):
(i) the
Authority covering such item is legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full
force and effect;
(ii) the
Authority will continue to be legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full
force and effect on the identical terms immediately after the
Closing;
(iii) no
party
to the Authority or other person is in violation of it or in breach or default
thereof in any material respect, and no event has occurred which with notice
or
lapse of time would constitute a violation, breach or default thereof in any
material respect or permit cancellation, modification or acceleration
thereunder;
18
(iv) no
royalty or other remuneration of any type is payable with respect to any such
item;
(v) with
respect to each sublicense, the representations and warranties set forth in
items (i)
through
(iv)
above
are true and correct in all material respects with respect to the underlying
license;
(vi) the
item
is not subject to any outstanding injunction, judgment, order, decree, ruling
or
charge;
(vii) no
action, suit, proceeding, hearing, investigation, charge, complaint, claim
or
demand is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened which
challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of the item;
(viii) except
as
set forth on Schedule
2.4(a),
no
consents are required for the continued existence or exercise of any rights
in
the item by Parent or the Company as a result of the Merger; and
(ix) the
Company has not delegated any material rights and has not granted any sublicense
or similar right with respect to the Authority.
(e)
To
the extent that the Company’s material products, websites, services or
Information Assets use, embed or incorporate any software that is subject to
any
“open source,” “copyleft,” or other similar types of license terms (including
any GNU General Public License, Library GNU General Public License, GNU Lesser
General Public License, Mozilla license, Berkeley Software Distribution license,
Open Source Initiative license, MIT, Apache, and Public Domain licenses, or
similar licenses), such use, embedding or incorporating has been and is in
all
material respects consistent with the standard practice for companies similar
to
the Company in the visual effects industry.
(f)
The
Company is not a member of any standards organization (including any similar
organizations, such as special interest groups or associations).
(g)
Except as set forth on Schedule
2.14(g),
no
parties other than the Company possess any current or contingent rights to
any
source code that is part of the Company’s Intellectual Property or Information
Assets (including through any escrow account).
2.15.
Tangible
Assets; Security Interests. Schedule
2.15
lists
all the material tangible Assets of the Company. Except as set forth on
Schedule
2.15,
the
Company owns and has good and marketable title to all of the tangible Assets
necessary for the conduct of its business as presently conducted. The Company
has paid all Taxes due or incurred upon the purchase of such Assets. The
tangible Assets of the Company are in good operating condition and repair.
Except as disclosed on Schedule
2.15,
there
are no Security Interests on any of the Assets of the Company, other than
Permitted Liens.
2.16.
Inventory.
All of
the inventory of the Company consists of tape stock, all of which is fit
for the
purpose for which it was procured or manufactured, and none of which is
slow-moving, obsolete, damaged or defective, subject only to the reserve
for
inventory write-down set forth on the face of the Final Balance Sheet, as
adjusted for the passage of time through the Closing Date in accordance with
the
past custom and practice of the Company. There are no Security Interests
on any
of the Inventory, other than Permitted Liens.
19
2.17.
Contracts
and Policies. Schedule
2.17
lists
the following Contracts to which the Company is currently a party, except for
those Contracts with respect to which the consequences of a default or
termination by either party would not have a Company Material Adverse
Effect:
(a)
any
agreement (or group of related agreements) for the lease of personal property
to
or from any person;
(b)
any
agreement (or group of related agreements) for the purchase or sale of raw
materials, commodities, supplies, products or other personal property, or for
the furnishing or receipt of services;
(c)
any
partnership or joint venture agreement;
(d)
any
agreement (or group of related agreements) under which it has created, incurred,
assumed or guaranteed any indebtedness for borrowed money, or any capitalized
lease obligation, in any amount, or under which it has imposed a Security
Interest on any of its Assets, tangible or intangible;
(e)
any
agreement concerning non-competition, exclusivity, non-solicitation, right
of
first refusal, right of first negotiation or, to the extent (i) materially
restricting the business or operations of the Company or (ii) outside of the
Ordinary Course of Business of the Company, confidentiality;
(f)
any
agreement with any stockholder of the Company;
(g)
any
agreement to supply goods or services or Information to any party, whether
a
related party or an unrelated third party, or to receive goods or services
or
Information from any party, whether a related party or an unrelated third party,
other than in the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company;
(h)
any
agreement which has a covenant or condition relating to a change of control,
including any agreement to provide consideration or accelerate options to
purchase stock;
(i)
any
profit sharing, stock option, stock purchase, stock appreciation, deferred
compensation, severance or other material plan or arrangement (including any
Employee Benefit Plan) for the benefit of its current or former directors,
officers and employees;
(j)
any
collective bargaining agreement;
20
(k)
any
agreement for the employment of any individual on a full-time, part-time,
consulting or other basis;
(l)
any
agreement with respect to which the consequences of a default or termination
would be reasonably likely to have a Company Material Adverse
Effect;
(m)
any
agreements regarding telephonic or electronic (including without limitation,
by
telephone or cellular phone, email, mobile services, Internet or otherwise)
advertising, marketing or promotions, linking, use of search engines or metatags
or the like, or insertion of any Information onto a device owned or operated
by
third parties such as customers of the Company; or
(n)
any
agreements for current or continuing or ongoing services with customers of
the
Company (including, without limitation, motion picture, advertising or
commercial customers).
The
Company has delivered to Parent a correct and complete copy of each written
Contract
listed
in Schedule
2.17
and a
written summary setting forth the material terms and conditions of each oral
Contract referred to in Schedule
2.17.
With
respect to each such Contract (i)
such is
legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full force and effect; (ii)
such
will continue to be legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full force and
effect on the identical terms immediately after the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby; (iii)
no party
thereto or other person is in noncompliance, breach or default in any material
respect with respect thereto, and no event has occurred which with notice or
lapse of time would constitute an act of noncompliance, breach or default with
respect thereto in any material respect, or permit cancellation, modification
or
acceleration, under such Contract; and (iv)
no party
thereto has repudiated any material provision of such Contract.
2.18.
Omitted.
2.19.
Powers
of Attorney.
Except
as disclosed in Schedule
2.19,
there
are no outstanding powers of attorney executed on behalf of the
Company.
2.20.
Insurance. Schedule
2.20
sets
forth the following information with respect to each current insurance policy
(including but not limited to policies providing property, casualty, liability
and workers’ compensation coverage, bond and surety arrangements and coverage
for Information Assets and Intellectual Property) to or under which the Company
is a party, a named insured, or otherwise the beneficiary of
coverage:
(a)
the
name, address, and telephone number of the agent;
(b)
the
name of the insurer, the name of the policyholder and the name of each covered
insured;
(c)
the
policy number, the period of coverage and the amount of the annual premiums
payable;
and
21
(d)
the
scope (including an indication of whether the coverage was on a claims made,
occurrence, or other basis) and amount (including a description of how
deductibles and ceilings are calculated and operate) of coverage.
With
respect to each such insurance policy: (i)
such
policy is legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full force and effect;
(ii)
except
as disclosed in Schedule
2.4(a),
such
policy will continue to be legal, valid, binding, enforceable and in full force
and effect on identical terms immediately after the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby; (iii)
neither
the Company nor any other party to the policy is in breach or default thereof
in
any material respect (including with respect to the payment of premiums or
the
giving of notices), and no event has occurred which, with notice or the lapse
of
time, would constitute such a breach or default in any material respect, or
permit termination, modification, or acceleration, under such policy; and
(iv)
no party
to the policy has repudiated any provision thereof. The Company has been covered
during the past three years by insurance in scope and amount customary and
reasonable for the business in which it has engaged. Schedule
2.20
also
describes completely and accurately any self-insurance arrangements (e.g.,
establishing reserves for future losses instead of purchasing insurance)
affecting the Company, other than as reflected on the Final Balance
Sheet.
2.21.
Employees. Schedule
2.21
sets
forth a true and complete list of all employees of the Company as of January
31,
2006, their respective positions, locations, salaries or hourly wages, accrued
vacation (in monetary value), bonus and other compensation arrangements and
severance arrangements. Except as set forth in Schedule
2.21,
each
employee of the Company is employed on an “at will” basis. Each employee of the
Company has executed a proprietary information and inventions agreement in
substantially one of the forms attached to Schedule
2.21.
The
Company is and has been in compliance in all material respects with all
applicable Law respecting employment practices and no grounds exist for the
assertion of any material claims or initiation of any material proceedings
against the Company in connection therewith. The Company is not a party to
or
bound by any collective bargaining agreement, nor has it experienced any
strikes, grievances, except as set forth in Schedule
2.21,
claims
of unfair labor practices, or other collective bargaining disputes. To the
knowledge of the Company, except as set forth on Schedule
2.21,
the
Company has not committed any unfair labor practice nor has it received any
notice from any third party with respect thereto. To the knowledge of the
Company, there is no organizational effort presently being made or threatened
by
or on behalf of any labor union with respect to employees of the Company.
2.22.
Employee
Benefits.
(a)
Except as set forth on Schedule
2.22,
with
respect to all employees, former employees, directors and independent
contractors of the Company and their dependents and beneficiaries, neither
the
Company nor any ERISA Affiliate presently maintains, contributes to or has
any
Liability under or with respect to any Employee Benefit Plan. The plans,
programs and arrangements set forth on Schedule
2.22
are
herein referred to as the “Company
Employee Benefit Plans.”
Except
as set forth on Schedule
2.22,
each
Company Employee Benefit Plan (and each related trust, insurance contract
or
other funding arrangement) complies in form and in operation in all material
respects with the applicable requirements of ERISA, the Code, and other
applicable Law and governing documents and agreements, and each Company Employee
Benefit Plan intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has
received a favorable determination letter from the IRS and nothing has occurred
since the date of the applicable determination letter to adversely affect
the
qualification of any such Company Employee Benefit Plan. Except as set forth
on
Schedule
2.22,
each
Company Employee Benefit Plan has been maintained and administered in material
compliance with its terms and with the requirements prescribed by all statutes,
orders, rules and regulations, including ERISA and the Code, which are
applicable to such plans. With respect to each Company Employee Benefit Plan
subject to ERISA, there has been no act or omission by the Company or any
ERISA
Affiliate that would impair the right or ability of the Company or any ERISA
Affiliate to unilaterally amend in whole or part or terminate such Company
Employee Benefit Plan at any time, subject to the terms of any insurance
contract or other contractual arrangements with third parties, and, with
respect
to each such Company
Employee Benefit Plan,
the
Company has delivered to Parent true and complete copies of: (i)
the plan
documents, including any related trust agreements, insurance contracts or
other
funding arrangements, or a written summary of the terms and conditions of
the
plan if there is no written plan document; (ii)
the most
recent IRS Form 5500, if any; (iii)
the most
recent financial statement, if any, and, if applicable, actuarial valuation;
(iv)
all
correspondence with the Internal Revenue Service, the Department of Labor
and
other governmental agencies with respect to the past two plan years other
than
IRS Form 5500 filings; and (v)
the most
recent summary plan description.
22
(b)
Neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate maintains, maintained, contributes
to, or has any Liability (including, but not limited to, current or potential
withdrawal Liability) with respect to any current or former employee benefit
plan which is or has been subject to Title IV of ERISA, including any
Multiemployer Plan. No Company Employee Benefit Plan is a multiple employer
welfare arrangement as defined in Section 3(40) of ERISA.
(c)
With
respect to all employees and former employees of the Company, except as set
forth on Schedule
2.22(c),
neither
the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate presently maintains, contributes to or
has
any Liability under any funded or unfunded post-employment medical, health
or
life insurance plan or arrangement for present or future retirees or present
or
future terminated employees except as required by the Consolidated Omnibus
Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, or state continuation coverage
laws.
(d)
There
is no pending, or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened legal action,
proceeding, audit, examination or investigation against or involving any Company
Employee Benefit Plan maintained by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate (other
than routine claims for benefits). Any bonding required with respect to any
Company Employee Benefit Plans in accordance with applicable provisions of
ERISA
has been obtained and is in full force and effect.
2.23.
Guaranties.
The
Company is not a guarantor or otherwise liable for any Liability or obligation
(including indebtedness) of any other person.
23
2.24.
Environmental
Matters.
(a) Except
as
set forth on Schedule
2.24,
the
Company is and has been in material compliance with applicable Environmental,
Health and Safety Laws.
(b) Except
as
set forth on Schedule
2.24,
the
Company has properly obtained and is in material compliance with all necessary
permits, registrations, approvals, and licenses under any applicable
Environmental, Health and Safety Laws (“Environmental
Permits”),
and
has properly made all material filings with and submissions to any Governmental
Authority required by any Environmental, Health and Safety Law. Except as set
forth on Schedule
2.24,
to the
knowledge of the Company, no deficiencies have been asserted by any such
Governmental Entity or other authority to the Company with respect to such
filings and submissions.
(c) Except
as
set forth on Schedule
2.24,
there
has been no spill, discharge, leak, leaching, emission, migration, injection,
disposal, escape, dumping, or release on, beneath, above, onto, or into any
real
property or facilities currently owned, occupied, operated or leased by the
Company or, during the period of the Company’s ownership, occupancy, lease or
operation, any former Company real property or facility (“Environmental
Property”)
of any
(i) pollutants or contaminants, (ii) hazardous, toxic, infectious or radioactive
substances, chemicals, materials or wastes (including without limitation those
defined as hazardous under any Environmental, Health and Safety Law), (iii)
petroleum, including crude oil or any derivative or fraction thereof, (iv)
asbestos fibers, or (v) solid wastes (collectively, “Hazardous
Materials”)
in a
manner that has given or may give rise to a violation of, or material liability
of the Company under, any Environmental, Health and Safety Laws.
(d) Except
as
set forth on Schedule
2.24,
there
are no (i) Hazardous Materials stored, disposed of, generated, manufactured,
refined, transported, produced, released or treated at, upon, or from the
Environmental Property or by the Company; (ii) asbestos containing materials
or
polychlorinated biphenyls on, in or beneath the Environmental Property, or
(iii)
underground storage tanks on or beneath the Environmental Property,
in the
case of each of (i), (ii) and (iii) above where the actions with respect to
Hazardous Materials or the presence of such items have given or may give rise
to
a violation of, or material liability of the Company under, any Environmental,
Health and Safety Laws.
(e) The
Company has made available in its due diligence materials to Parent, prior
to
the execution and delivery of this Agreement, complete copies of any and all
(i)
material documents received by the Company from, or submitted by the Company
to,
the Environmental Protection Agency and/or any foreign, state, county or
municipal environmental or health agency concerning the environmental condition
of the Environmental Property or the effect of the operations of the Company
on
the environmental condition of the Environmental Property and (ii) reviews,
audits, reports, or other analyses concerning the Environmental Property in
the
possession of the Company.
24
(f) Except
as
set forth on Schedule
2.24,
there
is not now pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, has there ever been
threatened against the Company, any civil, criminal or administrative action,
suit, summons, citation, complaint, claim, notice, demand, request, judgment,
order, lien, proceeding, hearing, study, inquiry or investigation based on
or
related to any Environmental Permits or any Environmental, Health and Safety
Law.
This
Section 2.24 presents the sole and exclusive representations and warranties
of
the Company relating to environmental, health or safety matters, including
any
such matters arising under Environmental, Health and Safety Laws or otherwise
relating to Hazardous Materials.
2.25.
Certain
Business Relationships with the Company.
Except
as disclosed on Schedule
2.25,
no
Participating Stockholder nor any Affiliates of any Participating Stockholder
has been involved in any business arrangement or relationship with the Company
within the past 12 months (other than employment by the Company), and no
Participating Stockholder nor any Affiliate of a Participating Stockholder
owns
any Asset which is used in the business of the Company.
2.26.
Customers. Schedule
2.26 contains
(a)
a list
of the 10 largest customers of the Company for the 12-month period ended on
December 31, 2005 (determined on the basis of the total dollar amount of
Company revenue) showing the total dollar amount of revenue from each such
customer during such 12-month period; and (b)
a list
of the 10 largest customers of the Company for the 12-month period ended on
December 31, 2004 (determined on the basis of the total dollar amount of
Company revenue) showing the total dollar amount of revenue from each such
customer during such 12-month period. The Company has no knowledge or
information of any facts indicating, nor any other reason to believe, that
any
of the customers of the Company named on either such list has been dissatisfied
with the Company’s services such that said customer would refuse to conduct any
further business with the Company following the Closing Date.
2.27.
Product
and Service Warranties.
Except
as set forth on Schedule
2.27,
the
Company has not made, and is not otherwise bound in any manner to perform or
otherwise be responsible for, any express contractual warranties with respect
to
its products and support services, and the Company has no contractual Liability
(and there is no basis for any present or future action, suit, proceeding,
hearing, investigation, charge, complaint, claim or demand against the Company
giving rise to any contractual Liability) for: the support, maintenance,
replacement or repair of any product, the substandard performance of any support
service, or other damages in connection with the products or support services
provided by the Company.
2.28.
Omitted.
2.29.
Omitted.
2.30.
Disclosure. No
representation or warranty made by the Company in this Agreement (including
the
Schedules and Exhibits attached hereto), contains or will contain any untrue
statement of a material fact, or omits or will omit to state a material fact
necessary in order to make the statements of facts contained in such
representation or warranty not misleading in light of the circumstances under
which they were furnished.
25
ARTICLE
III:
REPRESENTATIONS OF PARENT AND SUB
The
Parent and Sub hereby represent and warrant, jointly and severally, to the
Company and the Participating Stockholders as follows as of the date of this
Agreement and as of the Closing Date:
3.1.
Organization
and Qualification.
Parent
is a limited liability company and is duly organized, validly existing and
in
good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. Sub is a corporation
duly
organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State
of
Delaware.
Each of Parent and Sub has all requisite power and authority to own, lease
and
operate its Assets and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted,
and each is duly qualified and in good standing to do business in each
jurisdiction in which the nature or level of the business conducted by it or
the
ownership or leasing or its activities regarding its Assets or business makes
such qualification necessary.
3.2.
Authority.
Parent
and Sub each have all requisite corporate or limited liability company power
and
authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, to perform its respective
obligations hereunder and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.
The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate or limited liability company action of Parent and Sub, and no other
corporate or limited liability company proceeding on the part of either Parent
or Sub is necessary to authorize this Agreement or to consummate the
transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly executed and
delivered by Parent and Sub, respectively, and, assuming the due authorization,
execution and delivery thereof by the Company and the other parties hereto,
constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligations of Parent and Sub,
respectively, enforceable in accordance with its terms.
3.3.
No
Conflict; Required Filings and Consents.
(a)
The
execution and delivery of this Agreement by Parent and Sub do not, and the
performance of this Agreement by them will not, (i)
conflict
with or violate the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws or other charter
documents of Parent or Sub, (ii)
conflict
with or violate any Law applicable to Parent or Sub or by which any of their
respective Assets is bound, or (iii)
result
in any breach of, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or
lapse
of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights
of
termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, or require payment
under, or result in the creation of a lien or encumbrance on, any of the Assets
of Parent or Sub pursuant to, any note, bond, mortgage, indenture, contract,
agreement, lease, license, permit, franchise or other instrument or obligation
to which Parent or Sub is a party or by which Parent or Sub or any of their
respective Assets is bound.
26
(b)
The
execution and delivery of this Agreement by Parent or Sub do not, and the
performance of this Agreement by Parent or Sub will not, require it to obtain
any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or to make any filing with
or
notification to, any Governmental Entities, except for the filing of the
Delaware Certificate of Merger with the Delaware Secretary of State.
3.4.
Absence
of Certain Changes or Events.
Since
the date of Parent’s organization, there has not been (a)
a Parent
Material Adverse Effect or (b)
any
significant change by Parent in its accounting methods, principles or
practices.
3.5.
Brokers.
No
broker, finder or investment banker (other than Susquehanna Financial Group,
LLLP, whose brokerage, finder’s or other fees will be paid by Parent) is
entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection
with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements
made by or on behalf of Parent or any of its Affiliates.
3.6.
Disclosure.
No
representation or warranty made by the Parent or Sub in this Agreement
(including the Exhibits attached hereto), contains or will contain any untrue
statement of a material fact, or omits or will omit to state a material fact
necessary in order to make the statements of facts contained in such
representation or warranty not misleading in light of the circumstances under
which they were furnished.
ARTICLE
IV:
COVENANTS
During
the period from the date of this Agreement (except as otherwise indicated)
and
continuing until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement pursuant
to
Article IX or the Effective Time (or later where so indicated), the Company
agrees (except as permitted by Parent’s prior written consent in each instance)
as follows:
4.1.
Ordinary
Course.
The
Company will carry on its business in the Ordinary Course of Business of the
Company in substantially the same manner as heretofore conducted and, to the
extent consistent with such business, use all commercially reasonable efforts
consistent with past practice and policies to preserve intact its present
business organizations, keep available the services of its present officers,
consultants, and employees and preserve its relationships with customers,
suppliers, distributors, and others having business dealings with it. The
Company will promptly notify Parent of any event or occurrence or emergency
which is not in the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company and which is
material and adverse to the Company’s business condition. The foregoing
notwithstanding, the Company will not, without the prior written consent of
Parent, other than as described with respect to specific contemplated actions
on
Schedule 4.1, which actions are hereby pre-approved by Parent:
(a)
(i)
increase
the compensation payable to, or to become payable to, any director, officer
or
employee (except for such increases in the Ordinary Course of Business of the
Company for any employee (who is not also a director or officer of the
Company)); (ii)
grant
any severance or termination pay to, or enter into any employment or severance
agreement with, any director, officer or employee (except for such grants or
agreements in the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company to or with any
employee (who is not also a director or officer of the Company)); (iii)
establish, adopt, enter into, amend or modify in any material respect, or
terminate any Employee Benefit Plan or arrangement except as may be required
by
applicable Law; or (iv)
except
in the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company, hire as an employee any
person other than persons to replace existing employees who cease to be employed
with the Company prior to the Closing, with such replacement persons being
hired
at no more than the total cost and salary as the former whom they are
replacing;
27
(b)
declare or pay any dividend on, or make any other distribution in respect of,
outstanding shares of its capital stock;
(c)
(i)
redeem,
purchase or otherwise acquire any shares of its capital stock or any securities
or obligations convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of its capital
stock, or any options, warrants or conversion or other rights to acquire any
shares of its capital stock or any such securities or obligations; (ii)
effect
any reorganization or recapitalization; or (iii)
split,
combine or reclassify any of its capital stock or issue or authorize or propose
the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in
substitution for, shares of its capital stock;
(d)
(i)
issue,
deliver, award, grant or sell, or authorize or propose the issuance, delivery,
award, grant or sale (including the grant of any Security Interests, Liens,
claims, pledges, limitations in voting rights, charges or other Encumbrances)
of, any shares of any class of its capital stock (including shares held in
treasury), other than with respect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock
upon the exercise of any Company Option pursuant to the terms of the Stock
Plan
and the applicable option agreement between the Company and the exercising
optionee, any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for
any
other shares, or any rights, warrants or options to acquire, any such shares;
or
(ii)
amend or
otherwise modify the terms of any such rights, warrants or options, the effect
of which will be to make such terms more favorable to the holders
thereof;
(e)
acquire or agree to acquire, by merging or consolidating with, by purchasing
an
equity interest in, all or a portion of the Assets of, or by any other manner,
any corporation, partnership, association or other business, organization or
division thereof, or otherwise acquire or agree to acquire any Assets of any
other person (other than the purchase of Assets from suppliers or vendors in
the
Ordinary Course of Business of the Company) which are material, individually
or
in the aggregate, to the Company;
(f)
sell,
lease, license, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or otherwise dispose of,
or
agree to sell, lease, license, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or otherwise
dispose of, any of its material Assets;
(g)
propose or adopt any amendments to its Certificate of Incorporation or its
Bylaws;
28
(h)
change any of its methods of accounting except as may be required by Law or
GAAP;
(i)
create, or permit the creation of, any Security Interest, other than Permitted
Liens, upon any Assets outside the Ordinary Course of Business of the
Company;
(j)
enter
into any employment Contract, or modify any existing employment Contract’s
terms, outside of the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company, or with any
employee who is an officer or director of the Company, or enter into any
collective bargaining agreement;
(k)
make
any capital expenditures other than in the Ordinary Course of Business of the
Company, or which in the aggregate since January 1, 2006 exceed $1,300,000
(the
amount of the Company’s 2006 Capital Expenditure Budget, as previously adopted
by the Board);
(l)
amend
or renew, or enter into, any Contract involving operations outside of the United
States;
(m)
enter
into any material Contract or Contract outside the Ordinary Course of Business
of the Company; or
(n)
take
or agree to take any action that would or is reasonably likely to result in
any
representations and warranties of the Company set forth in this Agreement being
untrue (other than as permitted by the first sentence of Section 4.14) or in
any
of the conditions to the Merger not being satisfied.
Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the Company may, as set forth in Schedule
4.1,
procure
a “tail” policy for directors and officers, employment practices, fiduciary and
employed lawyers professional responsibility or comparable liability insurance
prior to the Closing, and Parent and the Surviving Corporation shall take no
action to terminate or alter such policy after the Closing, provided that the
Surviving Corporation shall have no liability with respect to premiums thereon
except to the extent reflected in the statement of Net Working Capital delivered
to Parent pursuant to Section 1.6(b).
29
The
Company’s President may contact Parent’s Section 4.1 Designee (as defined
infra)
for the
purpose of requesting that Parent authorize emergency activity contemplated
by
the Company which otherwise might contravene the terms of this Section 4.1.
To
the extent authorized in writing by Parent’s Section 4.1 Designee (which
authorization may be withheld by such person in his sole discretion), the taking
of any such action by the Company shall not be deemed a breach of this Section
4.1. If the Company’s President contacts Parent’s Section 4.1 Designee with
respect to an emergency action using the contact protocols set forth on
Schedule
4.1-A,
and
Parent’s Section 4.1 Designee does not authorize such action but that action is
taken by the Company, and subsequent to Closing Parent makes a claim for
indemnification therefor under Article VIII, such action shall not be deemed
a
breach of this Section 4.1 to the extent that such action was, under the
circumstances conveyed to Parent’s Section 4.1 Designee, reasonably designed to
prevent a material disruption to the Company’s operations. Parent’s Section 4.1
Designee for purposes hereof shall initially be that person set forth on
Schedule
4.1-A
(along
with the applicable contact protocols) attached hereto, which individual may
be
changed from time to time upon notice to the Company pursuant to Section 11.3.
If Parent’s Section 4.1 Designee fails to respond to any given request by the
Company’s President made pursuant to this paragraph within 24 hours of such
request having been made in accordance with the terms of this paragraph (and
does not subsequently approve in writing such request), such request will be
deemed to have been not authorized by Parent for purposes of this Section
4.1.
4.2.
Omitted.
4.3.
Preparation
and Mailing of Stockholder Information Materials.
Immediately upon the execution of this Agreement by all of the parties hereto,
the Company shall commence the preparation of the documents relating to the
terms of the Merger and this Agreement, which shall in form and substance be
reasonably satisfactory to Parent and its counsel, and which shall satisfy
all
applicable requirements of the DGCL, including, without limitation, the
requirements relating to the notification of stockholder action without a
meeting provided for in Section 228(e) of the DGCL and the requirements relating
to the notification relating to appraisal rights provided for in Section
262(d)(2) of the DGCL (the “Stockholder
Information Materials”).
On the
Closing Date, immediately after the Closing and before the Effective Time,
or,
if earlier, promptly following Parent’s delivery to the Board of the Stockholder
Consents as permitted by the provisions of Section 6.12, the Company will mail
the Stockholder Information Materials to the stockholders of the Company in
accordance with the applicable provisions of the DGCL, including, without
limitation, Sections 228(e) and 262(d)(2) thereof.
4.4.
Exclusivity;
Acquisition Proposals.
Unless
and until this Agreement shall have been terminated by either party pursuant
to
Article
IX,
the
Company shall not (and shall use its reasonable best efforts to ensure that
none
of its officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives or Affiliates)
take or cause or permit any person to take, directly or indirectly, any of
the
following actions with any party other than Parent and its designees:
(i) solicit, encourage, initiate or participate in any negotiations,
inquiries or discussions (except for discussions solely among or between
any of
the parties hereto and their respective officers, directors, employees, agents
and other representatives and solely limited to matters not involving any
Acquisition Transaction (as defined infra)
whatsoever) with respect to any offer or proposal to acquire all or any
significant part of its business, Assets or capital stock, whether by stock
purchase, merger, consolidation, other business combination, purchase of
assets,
tender or exchange offer or otherwise (each of the foregoing, other than
pursuant to the Merger, an “Acquisition
Transaction”),
(ii) disclose to any person other than Parent or its representatives any
information not customarily disclosed by the Company concerning the Company’s
business or properties, or afford to any person other than Parent or its
representatives access to its properties, books or records, except in the
Ordinary Course of Business of the Company and as required by Law or pursuant
to
a governmental request for information (and then only after giving prior
notice
to Parent), (iii) enter into or execute any agreement relating to an
30
Acquisition
Transaction, or (iv) make or authorize any public statement, recommendation
or solicitation in support of any Acquisition Transaction or any offer or
proposal relating to an Acquisition Transaction; in each such case, except
and
only to the extent that, at any time prior to the approval of the Merger by
the
stockholders of the Company pursuant to the applicable provisions of the DGCL
(the “Stockholder
Approval”),
the
Board determines in good faith, after consultation with outside legal counsel,
that failure to do so would be reasonably likely to constitute a breach of
its
fiduciary duties to the Company’s stockholders under applicable Law.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company, in response to a written proposal
with respect to an Acquisition Transaction that was (a) unsolicited or that
did not otherwise result from a breach of this Section 4.4 and was received
by
the Company prior to the Stockholder Approval, and (b) is reasonably likely
to lead to a Superior Proposal (as defined infra),
may
(1) furnish non-public information with respect to the Company to the
person who made such written proposal with respect to an Acquisition Transaction
and (2) participate in negotiations regarding such written proposal with
respect to an Acquisition Transaction. For purposes hereof, a “Superior
Proposal”
shall
mean a proposal with respect to an Acquisition Transaction that (x) the
Board, in good faith, after consultation with outside legal counsel and an
investment banker (if the Company has engaged an investment banker as of that
time), determines to be more favorable than the terms of the Merger, and
(y) is already financed or the Board determines, acting reasonably and in
good faith, is readily financeable. The Company will notify Parent in writing
immediately if it is contacted by any third party with respect to an Acquisition
Transaction and provide Parent in writing with reasonably detailed information
regarding such proposal, including the identity of the party making such
proposal (the “Proposal
Notice”).
With
respect to each Proposal Notice, the Board shall, no later than three (3)
business days following the effective date of the giving to Parent of such
Proposal Notice (pursuant to Section 11.3), provide an additional notice in
writing to Parent representing whether the Board (a) deems such proposal to
be a
Superior Proposal for further consideration by the Board (such additional
notice, a “Superior
Proposal Notice”)
or (b)
deems such proposal not to be a Superior Proposal, in which case, such
additional notice will contain the Board’s representation that it will, and will
cause the Company to, not proceed further with such proposal. Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Section 4.4, the Board shall not authorize the
Company to enter into or execute any agreement relating to any Acquisition
Transaction until the end of the fifth (5th) business day following the
effective date of the giving to Parent of a Superior Proposal Notice (pursuant
to Section 11.3) relating thereto, after which, the Board, taking into account
such matters as its members deem pertinent in the exercise of their fiduciary
duties to the Company’s stockholders, may proceed with the proposal relating to
said Acquisition Transaction conformably with the other provisions of this
Section 4.4; provided, however, that the Board’s right to authorize the Company
to enter into or execute any such agreement or otherwise to so proceed with
said
proposal shall automatically expire upon Parent’s delivery to the Board, at any
time following the effective date of the giving of the Superior Proposal Notice
(pursuant to Section 11.3) to Parent, of the Stockholder
Consents.
4.5.
Omitted.
31
4.6.
Claims.
The
Company will not settle any claim, action or proceeding to which it is a party,
except in the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company consistent with its
past practice.
4.7.
Access
to Properties and Records.
The
Company will afford Parent and its representatives full access, during
reasonable business hours but in such a manner as not unduly to disrupt the
business of Company, to its premises, properties, Contracts, commitments, books,
records, and affairs, and will provide Parent with such financial, technical,
and operating data and other information pertaining to its business as Parent
may request. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company will make available
to
Parent such information and documents as are reasonably requested by Parent
so
that Parent can perform a full investigation of the Company’s business and
prospects.
4.8.
Breach
of Representations and Warranties.
Except
as specifically permitted by this Agreement, including the first sentence of
Section 4.14, the Company will not take any action that would cause or
constitute a breach in any material respect of any of the representations and
warranties set forth in Article
II
or that
would cause any of such representations and warranties to be, in any material
respect, inaccurate. In the event of, and promptly after becoming aware of,
the
occurrence of or the pending or threatened occurrence of any event that would
cause or constitute such a breach or inaccuracy, the Company will give detailed
written notice thereof to Parent and will use its commercially reasonable best
efforts to prevent or remedy promptly such breach or inaccuracy.
4.9.
Consents.
The
Company will promptly apply for or otherwise seek, and use its commercially
reasonable best efforts to obtain, all consents and approvals, and make all
filings, required to be obtained or made by it with respect to the consummation
of the Merger.
4.10.
Omitted.
4.11.
Notice
of Events.
The
Company will promptly advise Parent of any and all material events and
developments concerning its financial position, results of operations, Assets,
Liabilities, or business or any of the items or matters concerning the Company
covered by the representations, warranties, and covenants of the Company
contained in this Agreement.
4.12.
Tax
Returns. The
Company shall promptly provide Parent with copies of all Returns that are filed
after the date hereof and prior to the Closing Date. The Company shall properly
and timely file all Returns with respect to the Company required to be filed
(taking into account all proper extensions) after the date hereof and prior
to
the Closing Date and shall pay all Taxes required to be paid as reflected
thereon prior to the Closing Date. All such Returns shall be prepared consistent
with past practice of the Company and the Company shall provide a draft copy
of
each such Return (together with any relevant back-up information) to Parent
for
its review at least fifteen (15) days prior to its filing of any such Return.
The Company shall consider in good faith all reasonable comments of Parent
with
respect to any such Return provided to the Company not less than five (5) days
prior to the date of such filing. The Company shall (i) notify Parent promptly
if it receives notice of any Tax audit, the assessment of any Tax, the assertion
of any Tax Lien, or any request, notice or demand for Taxes by any taxing
authority, (ii) provide Parent a description of any such matter in reasonable
detail (including a copy of any written materials received from the taxing
authority), and (iii) take no action with respect to such matter without the
consent of Parent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
The Company shall not (i) make or revoke any Tax election which may affect
the
Company, (ii) execute any waiver of restrictions on assessment of any Tax,
or
(iii) enter into any agreement or settlement with any taxing authority with
respect to any Tax without the approval of Parent, which approval shall not
be
unreasonably withheld or delayed.
32
4.13.
Consummation
of Transactions.
The
Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to effectuate the
transactions contemplated hereby and to fulfill and cause to be fulfilled the
conditions to Closing under this Agreement.
4.14.
Company
Disclosure Schedules.
The
Company may, from time to time prior to the Closing, supplement the Company’s
Execution Date Schedules with additional information relating to events,
developments or matters arising or changing since the date of this Agreement
(collectively, “New
Matters”),
other
than any such New Matters the existence of which result from a breach by the
Company or any Participating Stockholder of a covenant or other agreement
contained in this Agreement, that, if existing on the date of this Agreement,
would have been required to be included in such Schedules in order to make
the
related representations and warranties fully accurate. Solely for purposes
of
determining the satisfaction of any of the conditions to the obligations of
Parent and Sub in Article VII, the Company’s Disclosure Schedules shall be
deemed to include only (a) the information contained in the Execution Date
Schedules and (b) information added to or modifying (to the extent of changes
arising since the date of this Agreement) the Execution Date Schedules by
written supplements thereto delivered to Parent prior to the Closing by the
Company that are accepted in writing (e-mail or other writing) by Parent
(including pursuant to the final paragraph of Section 4.1).
In the
event that the Closing occurs, all such additions and modifications relating to
New Matters, whether or not accepted in writing by Parent, shall be deemed
to
qualify the Company’s Disclosure Schedules for purposes of Article VIII.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Company shall
not be permitted to add to, modify or supplement in any way Schedule 2.24 as
contained in the Execution Date Schedules, including, without limitation, with
respect to the information contained in the Environmental Report.
ARTICLE
V:
COVENANTS OF PARENT AND SUB
During
the period from the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier
of
the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Article IX or the Effective Time,
Parent and Sub agree (except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement or
with
the Company’s prior written consent in each instance) as follows:
5.1.
Breach
of Representations and Warranties.
Neither
Parent nor Sub will take any action which would cause or constitute a breach
of
any of the representations and warranties set forth in Article
III
or which
would cause any of such representations and warranties to be inaccurate in
any
material respect. In the event of, and promptly after becoming aware of, the
occurrence of or the pending or threatened occurrence of any event that would
cause or constitute such a breach or inaccuracy, Parent will give detailed
notice thereof to the Company and will use its commercially reasonable best
efforts to prevent or remedy promptly such breach or inaccuracy.
33
5.2.
Consents.
Parent
will promptly apply for or otherwise seek, and use its commercially reasonable
best efforts to obtain, all consents and approvals, and make all filings,
required to be obtained or made by it with respect to the consummation of the
Merger.
5.3.
Consummation
of Transactions.
Each of
Parent and Sub will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to effectuate
the transactions contemplated hereby and to fulfill and cause to be fulfilled
the conditions to Closing under this Agreement.
ARTICLE
VI:
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
6.1.
Legal
Conditions to the Merger.
Each of
Parent and the Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to
take
all actions necessary to comply promptly with all legal requirements that may
be
imposed on it with respect to the Merger.
6.2.
Employees.
The
Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to insure a smooth
transition of its employees with the goal of all such employees being retained
by the Surviving Corporation following the Merger, provided that the failure
of
the Company to take any action expressly proscribed by Section 4.1(a)(i) shall
not constitute a breach of the foregoing covenant. The Company and Parent will
work together in developing appropriate communications to Company employees
regarding the transactions contemplated hereby, and developing a transition
plan
in contemplation of the Closing. All employee communications of the Company
pertinent to employment matters connected with the transactions contemplated
hereby shall be subject to the reasonable prior approval of Parent, including,
without limitation, press releases or public announcements of the Merger or
the
transactions contemplated hereby as provided further in Section 6.5 below.
On
the date of execution of this Agreement by all parties hereto, Parent shall
deliver a letter to the Board disclosing Parent’s general intentions with
respect to retention of the Company’s existing employees as of the Closing Date.
A senior representative of Parent will, on or before the third business day
following such execution date of this Agreement, meet with senior management
of
the Company to discuss the contents of such letter, unless such meeting has
occurred prior to the date of this Agreement. Nothing contained in this Section
6.2, or elsewhere in this Agreement, or in such letter to the Board, or in
any
communications between representatives of Parent and the Company’s management
and other personnel will be considered as requiring the Company or Parent to
continue to provide after the consummation of the Merger any specific plan
or
benefit, or to confer upon any employee, beneficiary, dependent, legal
representative or collective bargaining agent of such employee any right or
remedy of any nature or kind whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement,
including without limitation any right to employment or to continued employment
for any specified period or any specified terms, at any specified location
or
under any specified job category.
34
6.3.
Expenses.
Except
as expressly provided herein, each of the parties will bear all costs and
expenses, including, without limitation, fees and disbursements of attorneys,
accountants, consultants, and any other representative or agent retained by
such
party, incurred by such party in connection with this Agreement and the
transactions contemplated hereby.
6.4.
Additional
Agreements.
In case
at any time after the Effective Time any further action is reasonably necessary
or desirable to carry out the purposes of this Agreement or to vest the
Surviving Corporation with full title to all properties, Assets, rights,
approvals, immunities and franchises of the Company, the proper officers and
directors (or similar officials) of each entity which is a party to this
Agreement and each individual who is a party to this Agreement will take all
such reasonably necessary or desirable action.
6.5.
Public
Announcements; Confidentiality.
Neither
Parent, the Company nor either of the foregoing party’s representatives or
agents, will disseminate any press release or other announcement concerning
this
Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby to any third party (except
to
the directors, officers and employees of the parties to this Agreement whose
direct involvement is necessary for the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, or to the attorneys and accountants of the
parties hereto, or as Parent determines in good faith to be required by the
federal securities laws after consultation with the Company, or as expressly
provided for by this Agreement) without the prior written consent of such other
party, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The existing
confidentiality agreements between the Company and an Affiliate of Parent,
dated
September 19, 2005, and November 11, 2005, will remain in effect
through the Closing. From and after the Effective Time, Parent and the Surviving
Corporation shall maintain in confidence the identities of the Prior Parties
(as
defined in the Letter of Intent dated as of December 28, 2005, by and between
the Company and an Affiliate of Parent (the “LOI”)).
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Parent shall not be prohibited from discussing
this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby with potential financing
sources on the terms permitted by the LOI.
6.6.
Preparation
and Filing of Returns and Payment of Taxes.
(a)
Tax
Returns.
Parent
shall be responsible for the preparation and timely filing of all Returns of
the
Company that are required to be filed after the Closing Date; provided, however,
that at least ten (10) days prior to filing any Return of the Company for a
taxable period beginning before the Closing Date (including any Return for
a
Straddle Period (as defined infra)),
Parent shall provide the Participating Stockholders with (i) drafts of such
Return (together with any relevant back-up information), and (ii) a statement
of
Taxes owed in connection with the filing of such Return. The Participating
Stockholders shall be entitled to review and provide written comments on any
such Return before it is filed and Parent shall incorporate all such reasonable
(under the circumstances) comments provided to Parent by the Stockholder
Committee with respect to any such Return; provided, however, that, if Parent
elects not to incorporate any such comments from the Stockholder Committee
on
such a Return, then a
Participating Stockholder shall not be responsible for paying pursuant to the
following sentence or for indemnifying Parent or the Surviving Corporation
for
Losses under
Section 8.1, to the extent that: (i) such Losses result from the failure of
Parent to incorporate such comments, and (ii) there is “substantial authority”
(within the meaning of Section 6662 of the Code) for the tax position reflected
in such comments. Subject to the preceding sentence, at least five (5) days
prior to the due date for filing any such Return, each Participating Stockholder
shall deliver to Parent: (i) any written comments to such Return, (ii) his
or
its Percentage Share (subject to the limitations set forth in the proviso
contained in the penultimate sentence of Section 8.6 and the last sentence
of
Section 8.7) of the funds required for the payment of all Taxes due with respect
to such taxable periods that end on or prior to the Closing Date, and (iii)
in
the case of any Return for a Straddle Period, his or its Percentage Share
(subject to the limitations set forth in the proviso contained in the
penultimate sentence of Section 8.6 and the last sentence of Section 8.7) of
funds in an amount equal to the portion of the Taxes shown to be due on such
Return that is allocable (pursuant to Section 6.6(b) hereof) to the portion
of
such Straddle Period ending on the Closing Date, but in each case only to the
extent that such Taxes exceed the amount of Taxes (x) previously paid by the
Company with respect to such taxable periods (or portion thereof) or (y)
included as a current liability in determining Final Working Capital pursuant
to
Section 1.6.
35
(b)
Straddle
Period Taxes.
In the
case of Taxes that are payable with respect to a Straddle Period, the portion
of
such Taxes that is allocable to the portion of such Straddle Period ending
on
the Closing Date shall (i) in the case of any Taxes based upon or related to
income or gross receipts, be deemed equal to the amount which would be payable
if the relevant taxable period ended on the Closing Date, and (ii) in the case
of any Taxes other than Taxes based upon or related to income or gross receipts,
be deemed to be the amount of such Taxes for the entire Straddle Period
multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of days in the
Straddle Period ending on the Closing Date and the denominator of which is
the
number of days in the entire Straddle Period. All determinations necessary
to
give effect to the foregoing allocations shall be made in a manner consistent
with the past practice of the Company.
(c)
Refunds
and Credits.
The
Participating Stockholders shall be entitled to all refunds and credits of
any
Taxes (including any interest in respect thereof) of the Company relating to
a
taxable period or portion thereof ending on or prior to the Closing Date but
only to the extent such refunds or credits exceed the amounts (if any) taken
into account as current assets in determining Final Working Capital pursuant
to
Section 1.6. Parent shall cause the amount of any such refunds or credits
received by or credited to the Company after the Closing Date to be paid to
the
Participating Stockholders in accordance with their respective Percentage Shares
within thirty (30) business days following such receipt or crediting; provided
that a Participating Stockholder shall indemnify the Surviving Corporation
and
Parent for his or its Percentage Share of any Loss suffered by either the
Surviving Corporation or Parent related to the receipt or payment over of such
refund or credit, including, without limitation, any additional Taxes imposed
on
either of them in a period or portion thereof beginning on or after the Closing
Date. At the request of the Participating Stockholders, Parent shall, and shall
cause Surviving Corporation to, reasonably cooperate with the Participating
Stockholders in seeking any such refunds or credits. In addition, if the
aggregate amount of Taxes included as current liabilities in determining the
Working Capital Adjustment is ultimately found to have exceeded the aggregate
amount that should have been included as such, based on the amount of Taxes
actually owed by the Company for the relevant period, then Parent shall promptly
refund such excess to the Participating Stockholders in accordance with their
respective Percentage Shares.
36
(d)
Amended
Returns.
Neither
Parent nor the Surviving Corporation shall amend any Return of the Company
for
any taxable period beginning before the Closing Date without the prior written
consent of the Participating Stockholders, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld or delayed (with any such consent being deemed
unreasonably delayed if not received by Parent within 45 days following the
date
of Parent’s or the Surviving Corporation’s delivery to a Participating
Stockholder of the final draft of the amended Return and reasonable back-up
information); provided, however, that if Parent or the Surviving Corporation
elects to amend any such Return without such consent, Parent and the Surviving
Corporation shall be solely responsible for (and shall release the Participating
Stockholders from) any Tax Liabilities resulting from such
amendments.
(e)
Cooperation
on Tax Matters.
(i) Parent
and the Participating Stockholders will reasonably cooperate, as and to the
extent reasonably requested by the other party, in connection with the filing
of
Returns pursuant to this Section 6.6 and any audit, litigation or other
proceeding with respect to the Taxes of the Company. Such cooperation will
include the retention and (upon the other party’s request) the provision of
records and information which are reasonably relevant to any such audit,
litigation or other proceeding and making employees available on a mutually
convenient basis to provide additional information and explanation of any
material provided hereunder; provided however, that neither any Participating
Stockholder nor Parent shall be required to provide to any other party any
copies of its Returns. The Participating Stockholders agree to provide Parent
upon the Closing with all Company books and records in their possession with
respect to Tax matters relating to any taxable period before the Closing
(including any extensions thereof).
(ii) Parent
and the Participating Stockholders further agree, upon request of the other
party, to use their commercially reasonable best efforts to obtain any
certificate or other document from any Governmental Entity or any other person
as may be necessary to mitigate, reduce or eliminate any Tax that could be
imposed (including, but not limited to, with respect to the transactions
contemplated hereby).
(iii) Between
the date hereof and the Closing Date, the Company will provide to Parent all
tax
information readily available to the Company reasonably requested by Parent,
including, without limitation, data as to the tax basis of Company Assets;
current and accumulated earnings and profits; the amount of any net operating
loss carryover, net capital loss carryover, unused investment credit or other
credit carryover, and charitable contribution carryover; and the amount of
any
deferred gain or loss allocable to the Company or excess loss accounts of the
Company. The provision by the Company of such information shall not constitute
a
representation by the Company or the Participating Stockholders as to the
accuracy of such information (except, in the case of the Company, to the extent
provided by the Company to supplement the Execution Date Schedules pursuant
to
Section 4.14).
37
(f)
Omitted.
(g)
Transfer
Taxes.
All
transfer, documentary, sales, use, value added, stamp, registration and other
such taxes and fees (including any penalties and interest) (“Transfer
Taxes”)
incurred by the Company in connection with this Agreement or the transactions
contemplated hereby (except to the extent solely incident to any financing
arrangements made by Parent or Sub in connection with effecting the Merger,
and
excluding any such Taxes resulting from transactions effected after the
Closing), if any, shall be paid 50% by Parent and 50% by the Participating
Stockholders in accordance with their respective Percentage Shares when due,
and
the Participating Stockholders shall, at their own expense, file all necessary
Returns and other documentation with respect to all such Transfer Taxes. All
Transfer Taxes, if any, incurred by any Participating Stockholder, individually
as a Participating Stockholder, in connection with this Agreement or the
transactions contemplated hereby, shall be paid by such Participating
Stockholder when due.
6.7.
Estoppel
Certificates.
Promptly following the date of this Agreement, the Company shall make request
for landlord's estoppel certificates in form and substance reasonably acceptable
to Parent and dated a date occurring not more than thirty (30) days prior to
the
Closing Date from the lessors under each of the leases listed on Schedule
2.13(b)
(collectively, the “Estoppel
Certificates”).
The
Company shall cooperate reasonably and in good faith with Parent to obtain
such
Estoppel Certificates. No Estoppel Certificate shall be conditioned upon any
increase in rental or other payment, a reduced term or any other change in
the
terms and provisions of the subject lease.
6.8.
FIRPTA.
At or
prior to the Closing, the Company shall deliver to Parent an affidavit executed
by the Company (the “FIRPTA
Certificate”)
in the
form of Exhibit
C
hereto,
and, to the extent required by law in order to avoid the imposition of a
withholding requirement on Parent, a California FIRPTA Certificate, in the
form
approved by the California Franchise Tax Board and downloadable from its
website, completed and executed by the Company (the “Cal. FIRPTA Certificate”).
6.9.
Takeover
Statutes.
Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, in no event shall the
approval of the Merger and this Agreement by the Board specifically for purposes
of Section 203 of the DGCL be withdrawn, revoked or modified by the Board.
If
any Takeover Statute is or may become applicable to the Merger or any of the
other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Company and the Board
shall promptly grant such approvals and take such lawful actions as are
necessary so that such transactions may be consummated as promptly as
practicable on the terms contemplated by this Agreement, and otherwise take
such
lawful actions to eliminate or minimize the effects of such statute, and any
regulations promulgated thereunder, on such transactions.
38
6.10.
2005
Audit.
Prior
to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver to Parent true, correct and
complete copies of the balance sheet of the Company as of December 31,
2005, and the related statement of operations, statement of cash flows and
statement of shareholders’ equity (deficit) for the twelve-month period then
ended, and the notes and schedules thereto, as audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP (“PWC”)
(the
“FY
2005 Financial Statements”),
including PWC’s unqualified audit report thereon (except
to the extent solely qualified with respect to the Redemption Right
and any
attendant going concern issue).
6.11.
Environmental
Report.
As soon
as practicable following the date of this Agreement, the Company shall obtain
at
its sole cost a Phase I Environmental Report (the “Environmental
Report”)
with
respect to the Company’s leased real property in Venice, California, and,
immediately after receipt of such Report, shall deliver a copy thereof to
Parent. Upon receipt by the Company of any draft of the Environmental Report,
the Company shall promptly deliver a copy thereof to Parent,
6.12.
Voting
Agreement.
Each of
the Participating Stockholders hereby agrees, in any action by written consent
of the stockholders of the Company and at any meeting of the stockholders of
the
Company, however implemented or called, and occurring prior to the earlier
of
the Closing and the date that this Agreement is terminated in accordance with
the provisions of Article IX, to, and to cause its Affiliates that own any
Company Stock to, vote (i) in favor of the Merger, and (ii) against any proposal
for any recapitalization, merger, stock purchase, sale of assets or other
business combination between the Company and any person or entity, other than
the Merger. In addition, each Participating Stockholder hereby agrees to execute
and deliver to Parent his or its written consent to the Merger and the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement (in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit
D)
prior
to or simultaneously with the Company’s execution and delivery to Parent of this
Agreement (the “Stockholder
Consents”).
Parent shall hold the Stockholder Consents until either (a) the Closing (upon
satisfaction or waiver, pursuant to the terms of Section 7.2, of the conditions
set forth in Section 7.2), if it is held, or (b) such time, if any, as the
Board
shall have given a Superior Proposal Notice to Parent, in either of which case,
Parent may deliver the Stockholder Consents to the Board. In the event that
this
Agreement is terminated in accordance with the provisions of Article IX, Parent
shall promptly destroy, or deliver to the respective Participating Stockholders,
the Stockholder Consents.
6.13.
Non-Solicitation.
Each
Participating Stockholder agrees that it will (a) during the period commencing
on the date hereof and expiring on the applicable Covenant Expiration Date,
refrain from, either alone or in conjunction with any other person, or directly
or indirectly through its or his Affiliates, recruiting, employing, engaging
or
seeking to employ or engage any person who had been an employee of the Company
or any of its Affiliates (other than International Business Machines Corporation
or Cox DDI, Inc.) at any time between January 1, 2006 and the Closing Date,
inclusive, (b) during the period commencing on the date hereof and expiring
on
the third anniversary of the Closing Date, refrain from, either alone or
in
conjunction with any other person, or directly or indirectly through its
or his
Affiliates, soliciting, inducing or attempting to induce any customer, vendor,
supplier or other contracting counterparty of the Company to terminate its,
his
or her contractual relationship with the Company; provided that bidding in
good
faith for a contractual relationship with a customer of the Company (with
respect to work or services to be performed outside of the scope of the
Company’s existing contractual relationship with said customer) shall not in and
of itself be deemed violative of the forgoing clause (b). It is acknowledged
and
agreed that nothing in Section 6.13(a) shall prohibit any Participating
Stockholder or its or his Affiliates at any time following the first anniversary
of the Closing Date from (i) hiring any individual who responds to a generalized
solicitation for employees through regionally (no region being smaller
geographically than Southern California) or nationally directed media
advertisements, (ii) hiring any individual who approaches a Participating
Stockholder, or any Affiliate thereof, in request of employment without any
solicitation whatsoever having been made by such Participating Stockholder
or
its or his Affiliate thereof, as the case may be, or (iii) hiring any individual
who had received notice of termination from the Company prior to the time
such
individual contacted the Participating Stockholder, or any Affiliate thereof,
with regard to prospective employment. For purposes of this Section 6.13
only,
the term “Affiliates,” solely when used of Cox DDI, Inc. and International
Business Machines Corporation, shall mean only their respective Subsidiaries
and
other controlled Affiliates.
39
6.14.
Forbearance
from Enforcing Redemption Right.
Cox
DDI, Inc. hereby agrees to forbear from the institution of any judicial action
or proceedings to enforce the Redemption Right with respect to its Series C
Convertible Preferred Stock through and until March 31, 2006 or the earlier
termination of this Agreement (provided, however, that the parties hereto
acknowledge that the immediately preceding clause shall not act as a waiver
by
Cox DDI, Inc. with respect to any such redemption or similar right).
6.15.
Technology
Agreement Termination.
Reference is hereby made to (a) that certain Technology Agreement dated as
of
April 23, 1993 between International Business Machines Corporation and the
Company and (b) that certain Acknowledgement Regarding Technology Agreement
dated as of February 20, 1996 between such parties (collectively, the
“Technology Agreement”). International Business Machines Corporation and the
Company hereby acknowledge and agree that, as of the Closing Date, the
Technology Agreement shall be terminated, without further action of the parties,
and the only surviving right of International Business Machines Corporation
thereunder shall be the royalty-free right of International Business Machines
Corporation to use any patents issued to the Company as of the Closing Date
which it otherwise would have the royalty-free right to use under the Technology
Agreement (the “Pre-Closing
Patents”).
It is
further acknowledged and agreed by International Business Machines Corporation
that all Intellectual Property (except for such royalty-free rights under the
Pre-Closing Patents) created under the Technology Agreement shall be owned
solely by the Company and, if (a) International Business Machines Corporation
has any rights thereto, it hereby assigns and transfers all of same to the
Company (other than such royalty-free rights under the Pre-Closing Patents),
and
(b) the Company is issued any patent covering any such Intellectual Property
following the Closing Date (each a “Post-Closing
Patent”),
such
patent, as between International Business Machines Corporation and the Company
and their respective Affiliates, shall be owned exclusively by the Company.
In
the event that the Company, in its sole discretion, elects to commercially
license to third-parties on a non-exclusive basis, one or more Post-Closing
Patents, International Business Machines Corporation shall have the right to
license such Post-Closing Patents from the Company on terms comparable to those
provided to the third-party licensees of such Post-Closing Patents.
40
6.16.
Termination
of Agreements among Shareholders.
Without
intending to derogate from the generality of Section 11.13, each of the Company
and each Participating Stockholder hereby agrees and acknowledges that each
of
the Shareholder Agreements shall cease to be of any force and effect, and no
party thereto shall have any rights or duties thereunder, from and after the
Closing.
ARTICLE
VII:
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
7.1.
Conditions
to Each Party’s
Obligation to Effect the Merger.
The
respective obligations of each of the parties to effect the Merger will be
subject to the satisfaction prior to the Closing Date of the following
condition:
.1 No
Restraints.
There
will not have been any action taken, or any statute, law, ordinance, rule,
regulation, injunction, judgment, order or decree proposed, entered, enacted,
enforced, promulgated, issued or deemed applicable to the Merger, by any court
or Governmental Entity, and there will not be pending any action, suit or
proceeding by any Governmental Entity against Parent, Sub or the Company, that
restrains, invalidates or prohibits, or is likely to restrain, invalidate or
prohibit, the consummation of the Merger or the other transactions contemplated
hereby in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the intentions of
the
parties hereto.
7.2.
Conditions
of Obligations of Parent and Sub.
The
obligations of Parent and Sub to effect the Merger are subject to the
satisfaction of the following conditions, unless waived by Parent and Sub in
their sole and absolute discretion:
(a)
Representations
and Warranties of the Company.
The
representations and warranties of the Company set forth in this Agreement will
be true and correct in all material respects as of the date of this Agreement
and as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date, except
as otherwise contemplated by this Agreement. Parent will have received a
certificate signed by the President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company
to such effect on the Closing Date.
(b)
Performance
of Obligations of the Company.
The
Company will have performed in all material respects all agreements and
covenants required to be performed by it under this Agreement prior to the
Closing Date, and Parent will have received a certificate signed by the
President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company to such effect on the
Closing Date.
(c)
Approval
by Stockholders. This
Agreement and the Merger will have been approved by the stockholders of the
Company in accordance with the applicable provisions of the DGCL and the
Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws.
41
(d)
Omitted.
(e)
Opinion
of Counsel.
Parent
will have received an opinion dated as of the Closing Date of Milbank, Tweed,
Xxxxxx & XxXxxx LLP, counsel to the Company, substantially in the form of
Exhibit
F-1,
and of
Potter Xxxxxxxx & Carroon LLP, Delaware law counsel to the Company, the
corpus of which will be substantially in the form of Exhibit F-2.
(f)
Omitted.
(g)
Environmental
Report.
The
Environmental Report will have been delivered to Parent and the conclusions
thereof will have been deemed satisfactory by Parent in its sole and absolute
discretion.
(h)
Company
Material Adverse Effect.
The
Company will not have become subject to any action or event which has resulted
in a Company Material Adverse Effect.
(i)
Source
Code.
The
Company will have delivered to Parent at the Closing copies of the Company’s
source code and other Intellectual Property of the Company as reasonably
requested by Parent.
(j)
Omitted.
(k)
FY
2005 Financial Statements.
Parent
will have received from the Company a copy of the FY 2005 Financial Statements
in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Parent, together with the
unqualified audit report of PWC thereon (except to the extent solely qualified
with respect to the Redemption Right (and any attendant going concern issue)
and
the pendency of the transactions contemplated hereby).
(l)
FIRPTA
Certificates.
The
Company will have delivered to Parent the FIRPTA Certificate and the Cal. FIRPTA
Certificate in accordance with Section 6.8.
(m)
Landlord
Consents.
Parent
will have received from the Company a written consent, in form and substance
reasonably acceptable to Parent and its counsel, from the lessors under each
of
the leases listed on Schedule 2.13(b), which consent shall (i) provide that
the
Merger and the resultant change of control of the Company are not violative
of
any provision of such lease, and (ii) not be conditioned upon any increase
in
the rental payments under, or any material change to any other term or provision
of, such lease.
(n)
Financing.
Parent
will have obtained financing for the Merger and the transactions contemplated
by
this Agreement on terms satisfactory to Parent in its sole and absolute
discretion.
7.3.
Conditions
of Obligation of Company.
The
obligation of the Company to effect the Merger is subject to the satisfaction
of
the following conditions, unless waived by the Company in its sole and absolute
discretion:
42
(a)
Representations
and Warranties of Parent and Sub.
The
representations and warranties of Parent and Sub set forth in this Agreement
will be true and correct in all material respects as of the date of this
Agreement and as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing
Date, except as otherwise contemplated by this Agreement, and the Company will
have received a certificate signed on behalf of Parent by an officer of Parent
to such effect.
(b)
Performance
of Obligations of Parent and Sub.
Parent
and Sub will have performed in all material respects all agreements and
covenants required to be performed by them under this Agreement prior to the
Closing Date, and the Company will have received a certificate signed on behalf
of Parent by an officer of Parent to such effect.
(c)
Escrow
Agreement.
The
Escrow Agent and Parent will have executed and delivered the Escrow
Agreement.
(d)
Escrow
Payments.
Parent
will have effected the payment of the amounts of the Indemnity Holdback and
Working Capital Holdback to the Escrow Agent pursuant to the terms of the Escrow
Agreement.
ARTICLE
VIII :
INDEMNIFICATION
8.1.
Parent
and Surviving Corporation Claims.
From
and after the Effective Time, the Participating Stockholders shall, severally,
but not jointly, in proportion to their respective Percentage Shares, defend,
indemnify and hold harmless the Surviving Corporation and
Parent from and against any and all losses, damages, Liabilities, claims,
demands, judgments, settlements, costs and expenses of any nature whatsoever
(including reasonable attorneys’ fees) (collectively, “Loss”),
resulting from or arising out of any: (i) breach of any representation,
warranty, covenant or agreement of the Company contained herein; (ii) Liability
of the Company, that was neither addressed by a representation or warranty
nor
disclosed on a Schedule attached hereto, which was created, incurred or arose
from facts, events, conditions or circumstances existing on or before the
Closing Date, to the extent that, but only to the extent that, such Liability
was required (by GAAP as consistently applied) to be but was not reflected
or
reserved against on the face of the Final Balance Sheet, as adjusted for
Liabilities incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business of the Company since
the
date of the Final Balance Sheet; (iii) amounts due to Parent with respect to
the
Working Capital Adjustment; and (iv) the Schedule 8.1(iv) Liability described
in
Schedule
8.1(iv)
(the
“Schedule
8.1(iv) Liability”).
No
claim for indemnification pursuant to this Section 8.1 or Section 8.3 may be
made subsequent to the date 18 months after the Closing Date or in respect
of a
Loss for which Parent or the Surviving Corporation has otherwise been previously
reimbursed by the Participating Stockholders; provided, however, that the
expiration period hereunder that will apply to breaches of Surviving Obligations
(as defined infra)
and
other Excepted Claims (as defined infra)
shall
be the period ending on the final date of the statute of limitations
period
pertaining thereto under applicable Law (as such statute of limitations period
may be extended by waiver or otherwise,
with
the consent of the Stockholder Committee,
which
consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed).
43
8.2.
Participating
Stockholder Claims.
Parent,
Sub and the Surviving Corporation shall, jointly and severally, defend,
indemnify and hold harmless each of the Participating Stockholders from and
against any Loss resulting from or arising out of any: (i) breach of any
representation, warranty, covenant or agreement of Parent or Sub contained
herein; and (ii) amounts due to the Participating Stockholders with respect
to
the Working Capital Adjustment. No claim for indemnification pursuant to this
Section 8.2 may be made subsequent to the date 18 months after the Closing
Date
or in respect of a Loss for which said Participating Stockholder had been
previously reimbursed by Parent, or Sub or the Surviving Corporation. Xxxx
X.
Xxxxxx, the Manager of Parent, hereby agrees, jointly and severally with Parent,
Sub and the Surviving Corporation, to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the
Company from and against any Loss resulting from or arising out of any breach
by
Parent of its agreement set forth in the penultimate sentence of Section
6.12.
8.3.
Third
Party Claims.
(a)
From
and after the Effective Time, if any third party notifies Parent or the
Surviving Corporation with respect to any third party claim (a “Third
Party Claim”)
that
may give rise to a Loss subject to indemnification pursuant to Section 8.1,
then
Parent will promptly notify in writing the Participating Stockholders;
provided,
however,
that no
delay on the part of Parent in notifying the Participating Stockholders will
relieve the Participating Stockholders from any obligation hereunder unless
(and
then solely to the extent that) the Participating Stockholders are prejudiced
by
such delay.
(b)
The
Participating Stockholders, through the Stockholder Committee, will have the
right, at their sole cost and expense, to defend Parent against the Third Party
Claim with counsel selected by the Stockholder Committee and reasonably
satisfactory to Parent, so long as: (i)
the
Stockholder Committee so notifies Parent in writing within 15 days of the Third
Party Claim becoming known to all of the Participating Stockholders,
acknowledging that such claim is in respect of a Loss described in Section
8.1;
(ii)
the
Third Party Claim involves only money damages and does not seek an injunction
or
other equitable relief against the Surviving Corporation; (iii)
settlement of, or an adverse judgment with respect to, the Third Party Claim
is
not, in the good faith judgment of Parent, likely to establish a precedential
custom or practice materially adverse to the continuing business interests
of
Parent; and (iv)
the
Participating Stockholders conduct the defense of the Third Party Claim actively
and diligently.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 8.3, the Participating
Stockholders, through the Stockholder Committee, shall have the sole right
to
assume and control the defense, at their sole cost and expense, of any claim
against Parent or the Surviving Corporation relating to the Schedule 8.1(iv)
Liability.
44
(c)
So
long as the Participating Stockholders are conducting the defense of the Third
Party Claim in accordance with Section 8.3(b), (i)
Parent
may retain separate co-counsel at its sole cost and expense and participate
in
the defense of the Third Party Claim; (ii)
Parent
will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement
with
respect to the Third Party Claim without the prior written consent of the
Stockholder Committee (which consent will not be withheld or delayed
unreasonably); and (iii)
the
Participating Stockholders will not consent to the entry of any judgment or
enter into any settlement with respect to the Third Party Claim without the
prior written consent of Parent (which consent will not be withheld or delayed
unreasonably).
(d)
In
the event that any of the conditions in Section 8.3(b) is or becomes
unsatisfied, (i)
Parent
may defend against the Third Party Claim in any manner it reasonably may deem
appropriate; provided,
however,
that
Parent will not consent to the entry of any judgment or enter into any
settlement or agreement to settle a Third Party Claim without the prior written
consent of the Stockholder Committee, which consent will not be unreasonably
withheld; and (ii)
the
Participating Stockholders will remain responsible for any Loss that Parent
actually suffers resulting from, arising out of, relating to, in the nature
of,
or caused by the Third Party Claim to the extent provided in this Article
VIII.
(e)
In
the event of any Third Party Claim with respect to a Tax audit or other Tax
contest that may give rise to a Loss subject to indemnification pursuant to
Section 8.1 (a “Tax
Contest”),
the
Participating Stockholders shall not settle any such Tax Contest in a manner
that would result in a Tax Liability of the Company for a taxable period or
portion thereof ending after the Closing Date without the prior written consent
of Parent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Each
of
the Participating Stockholders and Parent agrees to furnish or cause to be
furnished to each other upon request, as promptly as practicable, such
information and assistance as he or it can provide and is reasonably necessary
for the preparation for any Tax Contest and shall execute and deliver such
powers of attorney and other documents as are necessary to carry out the intent
of this Section 8.3.
8.4.
No
Waiver.
Subject
to the express terms of Section 4.14, the occurrence of the Closing will not
in
any way constitute a waiver by Parent or the Surviving Corporation of its rights
to indemnification hereunder, regardless of whether Parent or the Surviving
Corporation had knowledge of any breach, violation or failure of the condition
constituting the basis of the Loss at or before the Closing, and regardless
of
whether such breach, violation or failure is deemed to be “material” for
purposes of Article
IX.
8.5.
Binding
Effect.
The
indemnification obligations of the Participating Stockholders contained in
this
Article
VIII
are an
integral part of this Agreement, in the absence of which Parent would not have
entered into this Agreement.
8.6.
Remedies.
The
indemnity provisions contained in this Article VIII shall, from and after
the
Closing, be the sole and exclusive remedy of Parent and Sub to satisfy claims
for breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or other provision of
this
Agreement (and Parent and Sub waive all other remedies at law or equity which
either may have against Participating Stockholders under CERCLA or similar
statutes), except for claims (“Excepted
Claims”)
against a Participating Stockholder arising out of or based on (i) a failure
of
such Participating Stockholder to remit the amount owed by it to Parent pursuant
to the provisions of Section 1.6(e)(i)(3), (ii) fraud by said Participating
Stockholder, (iii) the Schedule
8.1(iv) Liability, or
(iv)
the breach by the Company or said Participating Stockholder of any
representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in the following
Sections (collectively, the “Surviving
Obligations”):
Section 2.3 (Capital Structure); Sections 2.4(a)(i) and 2.4(a)(ii) (No
Conflict); Section 2.12 (Tax Matters); Section 4.12 (Tax Returns); Section
6.6
(Preparation and Filing of Returns and Payment of Taxes); and Section 6.13
(Non-Solicitation));
provided, however, that with respect to any Losses in excess of the Indemnity
Holdback held in the Escrow Account resulting from breaches of Section 2.12,
Section 4.12 or Section 6.6, such Losses shall be recoverable only
to the
extent of actual Liabilities of the Company arising prior to the Closing.
From
and after the Closing, the indemnity provisions contained in this Article
VIII
shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of the Participating Stockholders
to
satisfy claims for breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or other
provision of this Agreement, except for claims arising out of or based upon
fraud.
45
8.7.
Basket
and Cap.
Other
than with respect to Excepted Claims, which are not subject to pecuniary
limitations except as provided below, Parent and the Surviving Corporation
will
not be entitled to seek indemnification under this Article
VIII
unless
and until the amount of all Losses subject to indemnification hereunder has
accumulated to a threshold of $270,000.00, after which Parent and the Surviving
Corporation will be entitled to the full amount of all such Losses, including
amounts below such threshold. With respect to all Losses under this Article
VIII
other than Excepted Claims, recourse against any Participating Stockholder
shall
be limited solely to such Participating Stockholder’s Percentage Share of the
Indemnity Holdback held in the Escrow Account. With respect to all Losses under
this Article VIII that arise out of or are based upon Excepted Claims, in no
event shall the liability incurred by any single Participating Stockholder
pursuant to this Article
VIII
exceed
(a) such Participating Stockholder’s Percentage Share of the Indemnity Holdback
(net of amounts paid to Parent or Surviving Corporation for indemnification
of
Losses pursuant to this Article VIII with respect to claims other than Excepted
Claims), plus (b) an amount equal to 100% of the portion of the Merger
Consideration actually received by such Participating Stockholder (which, in
the
case of the Participating Stockholders who are individuals, shall be net of
Taxes paid with respect thereto).
8.8.
No
Contribution.
The
Participating Stockholders will have no right of contribution from the Surviving
Corporation for amounts payable to Parent or Sub under this Article
VIII.
8.9.
Actions
by Participating Stockholders; Stockholder Committee.
(a)
By
virtue of their entering into this Agreement and accepting Merger Consideration,
the Participating Stockholders agree that for all purposes under this Agreement,
the Stockholder Committee shall act as the agent of and attorney-in-fact for
the
Participating Stockholders following the Closing. All actions taken by the
Stockholder Committee pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be binding
upon all Participating Stockholders and their successors as if expressly
confirmed and ratified in writing by each of them, including, but not limited
to, resolving all claims relating to the Working Capital Adjustment and any
indemnification claims and obligations under this Article VIII. The
Parent, Sub or Surviving Corporation, as the case may by, shall have the
absolute right in connection with any activities under this Agreement that
relate to the Participating Stockholders to rely upon any writing which contains
the signatures of the members of Stockholder Committee representing a simple
voting majority (as determined pursuant to the definition of “Stockholder
Committee” in Article X), and to disregard any writing that contains less than
that simple voting majority; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not
affect any provision hereof that explicitly requires the approval of all of
the
Participating Stockholders.
46
(b)
A
decision, act, consent or instruction of the Stockholder Committee shall
constitute a decision of all the Participating Stockholders and shall be final,
binding and conclusive upon each such Participating Stockholder, and Parent
may
rely upon any decision, act, consent or instruction of the Stockholder Committee
as being the decision, act, consent or instruction of each and every such
Participating Stockholder. Parent, Sub and the Surviving Corporation are hereby
relieved from any liability to any person for any acts done by them in
accordance with such decision, act, consent or instruction of the Stockholder
Committee. Parent, Sub and the Surviving Corporation may rely absolutely upon
the genuineness and authorization of the signature and purported signature
of
any party upon any instruction, notice, release, receipt or other document
delivered to it pursuant to this Agreement by the Stockholder Committee.
(c)
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 8.9 or any other
provision of this Agreement, the Stockholder Committee shall not be the agent
of
or attorney-in-fact for, or have the right or authority to act on behalf of
or
bind, any Participating Stockholder with respect to any Excepted Claim not
fully
covered or satisfied by the Indemnity Holdback or the Working Capital
Holdback.
8.10.
Return
of Indemnity Holdback.
Upon
the date that is 18 months after the Closing Date, the remaining balance, if
any, of the Indemnity Holdback, except to the extent of a claim for
indemnification then pending by Parent or Surviving Corporation, shall be
immediately distributed to the Participating Stockholders in accordance with
their respective Percentage Shares and otherwise as provided in the Escrow
Agreement.
8.11.
Prohibition
on Double Dipping.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article VIII, neither Parent
nor the Surviving Corporation shall be entitled to seek indemnification under
this Article VIII with respect to any Loss based upon the understatement of
a
current liability of the Company or the overstatement of a current asset of
the
Company, to the extent that such understatement or overstatement impacted the
calculation of Final Working Capital in a manner redounding to the advantage
of
Parent for purposes of the amount of the payments required by Section
1.6(e).
8.12.
Equitable
Remedies.
Nothing
in this Article VIII shall be construed to limit the non-pecuniary equitable
remedies of any party hereto in respect of any breach by any other party after
the Closing of Section 6.4, Section 6.6(e) or Section 6.13.
47
ARTICLE
IX :
TERMINATION
9.1.
Mutual
Agreement.
This
Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Effective Time by the
written consent of Parent and the Company.
9.2.
Termination
by Parent.
This
Agreement may be terminated by Parent alone, by means of written notice thereof
to the Company in the following circumstances:
(a)
there
has been a material breach by the Company or the Participating Stockholders
of
any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in this Agreement
or other ancillary agreement, which breach, if curable, has not been cured
within 10 business days following receipt by the Company of notice of such
breach;
(b)
the
Board has withdrawn or materially amended or modified in any respect adverse
to
Parent its approval of the Merger; or
(c)
the
Board has recommended to holders of the Company Stock any proposal relating
to
an Acquisition Transaction or has resolved or announced an intention to do
so.
9.3.
Termination
by Company.
This
Agreement may be terminated by the Company alone, by means of written notice
thereof to Parent in the following circumstances:
(a)
there
has been a material breach by Parent of any representation, warranty, covenant
or agreement set forth in the Agreement or other ancillary agreement, which
breach, if curable, has not been cured within 10 business days following
receipt by Parent of notice of such breach; or
(b)
the
Board has authorized the Company to enter into and has recommended to holders
of
the Company Stock an agreement relating to an Acquisition Transaction as
permitted in accordance with Section 4.4, including, without limitation, the
final sentence thereof.
9.4.
Outside
Date.
This
Agreement shall be automatically terminated if the Closing does not occur by
or
on March 31, 2006 (the “Outside
Date”),
unless all of the parties hereto have agreed in writing to extend the Outside
Date to a later date.
9.5.
Effect
of Termination.
In the
event of termination of this Agreement by either or both of the Company or
Parent as provided in this Article IX, or upon automatic termination of this
Agreement as provided in Section 9.4, this Agreement will forthwith become
void
and have no effect, and there will be no liability or obligation on the part
of
Parent, Company, Sub or their respective officers or directors, except that
(i) the provisions of Section 6.5, Section 9.6 and Article XI will survive
any such termination, and (ii) no party hereto will be released or relieved
from any liability arising from the willful breach by such party prior to such
termination of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements
as set forth in this Agreement.
48
9.6.
Company
Break-up Fee.
The
Company agrees to pay Parent a termination fee in the amount of $1,500,000
if
(i) this Agreement is terminated by Parent pursuant to Section 9.2(b) or (c),
(ii) this Agreement is terminated by the Company pursuant to Section 9.3(b),
or
(iii) the Merger is not consummated because the Company’s stockholders reject
the Merger after having received a proposal with respect to an Acquisition
Transaction and within 12 months following such date of termination the Company
or its stockholders consummate(s) an Acquisition Transaction. To the extent
that
the Company becomes obligated to pay a termination fee hereunder, the Company
agrees to pay such fee to Parent within 10 business days of the date of the
Parent’s or the Company’s termination of this Agreement or the date of
consummation of the Acquisition Transaction that triggers such obligation,
as
applicable. In such event, Parent shall, in addition to the amount of such
termination fee, be entitled to receive from the Company any additional costs
and expenses incurred to collect such amount, including attorneys’ fees, and any
unpaid amount shall bear interest at the maximum legally permissible
rate.
ARTICLE
X:
CERTAIN
DEFINED TERMS
For
purposes of this Agreement, the following terms will have the meanings
respectively set forth below:
“Affiliate,”
with
respect to any person, means a second person that directly or indirectly,
through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under
common control with, the first mentioned person.
“Assets”
means
any and all: (1) properties and contract rights; (2) Intellectual Property;
(3) data, text, images, sounds, codes, computer programs, software, databases,
mask works or the like and including collections and compilations of them
(whether or not all or part of such is Intellectual Property) and all other
information; (4) access or use rights; (5) all rights in Internet, worldwide
web
or similar addresses, uniform resource locators, domain names or the like and
all applications and registrations therefor; and (6) other rights and assets
of
every nature whatsoever, whether real, personal or mixed, tangible or
intangible.
“CERCLA”
means
the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of
1980.
“Code”
means
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Company
Material Adverse Effect”
means
any change or effect relating to the time prior to the Closing Date that,
individually or when taken together with all other such changes or effects,
is
or is reasonably likely to be materially adverse to the business, properties,
Assets, condition (financial or otherwise), Liabilities, operations or prospects
of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, at the time of such
change or effect. A Company Material Adverse Effect will be deemed to exist
if
there occurs any event which relates to the time prior to the Closing Date
and
which causes or may reasonably be expected to cause or result in estimable
monetary loss to the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, which,
individually or when aggregated with all other events, exceeds $150,000. The
deemed existence of a Company Material Adverse Effect under such circumstances
shall in no way affect the meaning of the word “material” and its variants as
used in this Agreement otherwise than as a component of “Company Material
Adverse Effect.”
49
“Contract”
of
any
person means any contract, agreement, lease, license or instrument of any type
whatsoever, whether written or oral, (i) to which such person is a party and
by
which such person either has made a binding undertaking to perform an obligation
or is entitled to any property, information or right, or (ii) by which any
of
the Assets of such person are bound.
“Control”
(including the terms “controlled,” “controlled by” and “under common control
with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or
cause the direction of the management or policies of a person, whether through
the ownership of stock, by Contract or otherwise.
“Covenant
Expiration Date” means
(a)
the first anniversary of the Closing Date, with respect to administrative
employees of the Company, and (b) the third anniversary of the Closing Date,
with respect to creative and management employees of the Company.
“Employee
Benefit Plan”
means
(a) any bonus, incentive compensation, profit sharing, retirement, pension,
group insurance, death benefit, group health, medical expense reimbursement,
workers’ compensation, dependent care, flexible benefits or cafeteria, stock
option, stock purchase, stock appreciation rights, savings, deferred
compensation, consulting, severance pay or termination pay, change-in-control,
vacation pay, life insurance, disability, welfare or other employee benefit
or
fringe benefit plan, program or arrangement; and (b) any plan, program or
arrangement which is an Employee Pension Benefit Plan, Employee Welfare Benefit
Plan or Multiemployer Plan.
“Employee
Pension Benefit Plan”
has
the
meaning set forth in ERISA Section 3(2).
“Employee
Welfare Benefit Plan”
has
the
meaning set forth in ERISA Section 3(1).
“Encumbrances”
means
any Security Interests, Liens, claims, pledges, agreements, limitations on
voting rights, charges or other encumbrances of any nature
whatsoever.
“Environmental,
Health and Safety Laws”
means
CERCLA, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, and the Occupational
Safety and Health Act of 1970, each as amended, together with all other laws
(including rules, regulations, codes, plans, injunctions, judgments, orders,
decrees, rulings, and charges thereunder) of federal, state, local, and foreign
governments (and all agencies thereof), concerning pollution or protection
of
the environment, and disposal of waste materials, including laws relating to
emissions, discharges, releases, or threatened releases of pollutants,
contaminants, or chemical, industrial, hazardous, or toxic substances, materials
or wastes into ambient air, surface water, ground water, or lands or otherwise
relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage,
disposal, transport, or handling of pollutants, contaminants, or chemical,
industrial, hazardous, or toxic substances, materials or wastes.
50
“ERISA”
means
the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
“ERISA
Affiliate”
means
each person (as defined in Section 3(9) of ERISA) that together with the Company
(or any person whose liabilities the Company has assumed or is otherwise subject
to) would be considered or has been a single employer under Section 4001(b)
of
ERISA or would be considered or has been a member of the same “controlled
group,” under common control, a member of the same affiliated service group or
otherwise a single employer within the meaning of Section 414(b), (c), (m)
and
(o) of the Code (provided,
however,
that
when the subject of the provision is a Multiemployer Plan only subsections
(b)
and (c) of Section 414 of the Code will be taken into account).
“GAAP”
means
United States generally accepted accounting principles as in effect from time
to
time.
“Information”
means
the Assets described in clause 3 of the definition of “Assets” supra.
“Information
Assets”
means
the Assets described in clauses 3, 4 and 5 of the definition of “Assets”
supra.
“Intellectual
Property”
means
(a) all inventions (whether patentable or unpatentable and whether or not
reduced to practice), all improvements thereto, and all patents, patent
applications, and patent disclosures, together with all reissuances,
continuations, continuations-in-part, revisions, extensions, and reexaminations
thereof, (b) all trademarks, service marks, trade dress, logos, trade names,
and
corporate names, together with all translations, adaptations, derivations,
and
combinations thereof and including all goodwill associated therewith, and all
applications, registrations, and renewals in connection therewith, (c) all
copyrightable works, all copyrights, and all applications, registrations, and
renewals in connection therewith, (d) all mask works and all applications,
registrations, and renewals in connection therewith, (e) all trade secrets
and
confidential business information (including ideas, research and development,
know-how, formulas, compositions, manufacturing and production processes and
techniques, technical data, designs, drawings, specifications, customer and
supplier lists, pricing and cost information, and business and marketing plans
and proposals), (f) all computer software (including data and related
documentation), (g) all databases, (h) all rights of publicity, (i) all copies
and tangible embodiments thereof (in whatever form or medium), and (j) all
other
rights of like nature.
“knowledge”
“know”
or
“known”
means,
with respect to a particular fact or other matter, that (i) an individual is
actually aware of such fact or other matter or (ii) a prudent individual could
be expected to discover or otherwise become aware of such fact or other matter
in the course of conducting a reasonable investigation concerning the existence
of such fact or other matter; a person (other than an individual) will be deemed
to have “knowledge” of a particular fact or other matter if any individual who
is serving, or who has at any time served, as a director, officer, partner,
executor or trustee of such person (or in any similar capacity) has, or at
any
time had, knowledge of such fact or other matter.
51
“Lien”
means
any lien, charge, Encumbrance, mortgage, conditional sale agreement, title
retention agreement, financing lease, pledge or Security Interest of any kind
or
type and whether arising by Contract or under Law.
“Multiemployer
Plan”
has
the
meaning set forth in ERISA Section 3(37).
“Ordinary
Course of Business,”
with
respect to any entity, means the ordinary course of business of such entity
consistent with past custom and practice (including, if applicable, with respect
to quantity and frequency) of that entity.
“Parent
Material Adverse Effect”
means
any change or effect that, individually or when taken together with all such
other changes or effects, is or is reasonably likely to be materially adverse
to
the business, properties, Assets, condition (financial or otherwise),
Liabilities, operations or prospects of Parent at the time of such change or
effect.
“Participating
Stockholder”
means
each person who is a holder of Preferred Stock immediately prior to the
Closing.
“Permitted
Lien”
means
any Lien described in clauses (a), (b), (c) or (d) of the definition of
“Security Interest” infra.
“person”
means
an individual, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability company, an
association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated
organization, a Governmental Entity (or any department, agency, or political
subdivision thereof) or any other entity.
“Security
Interest”
means
any mortgage, pledge, Lien, Encumbrance, charge, or other security interest,
other than (a)
mechanic’s, materialmen’s, and similar Liens, (b) Liens for Taxes not yet due
and payable, to the extent reflected as a current liability in the determination
of Final Working Capital, (c) purchase money Liens and Liens securing rental
payments under capital lease arrangements, and (d) other Liens arising in the
Ordinary Course of Business of the lienor and not incurred in connection with
the borrowing of money.
“Straddle
Period”
means
a
taxable period that begins on or before the Closing Date and ends after
the
Closing Date.
“Stockholder
Committee”
means
a
committee formed by the Participating Stockholders, having as its five members
one individual designated by each of the Participating Stockholders (and listed
on Schedule
10),
and
acting, for all purposes of this Agreement, pursuant to the written consent
of a
simple voting majority (5 out of 9 votes) of its members. Each member of the
Stockholder Committee shall have a single vote, provided that the designees
of
Cox DDI, Inc. and International Business Machines Corporation shall each have
three votes. Each Participating Stockholder can remove and replace its
designated Member to the Stockholder Committee at any time upon notice to the
other members, the Surviving Corporation and Parent.
“Subsidiary”
or
“Subsidiaries”
of
a
person, means any corporation, partnership, joint venture or other legal entity
of which the person (either alone or through or together with any other
Subsidiary) owns, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the capital stock
or
other equity interests which the holders thereof are generally entitled to
vote
for the election of the board of directors or other governing body of such
corporation or other legal entity.
52
“Transaction”
means
an action or set of actions relating to the conduct of business, or consumer,
commercial or governmental affairs between two or more persons, including but
not limited to any of the following types of conduct: (a) the sale, lease,
exchange, licensing, or other disposition or provision of (i) personal property,
including goods and intangibles, (ii) services, (iii) any Asset, and/or (iv)
any
combination thereof; and (b) the sale, lease, license, exchange, or other
disposition of any interest in real property, or any combination
thereof.
ARTICLE
XI:
MISCELLANEOUS
11.1.
Entire
Agreement.
This
Agreement, including the exhibits and schedules delivered pursuant to this
Agreement, and the existing confidentiality agreements between the parties
referenced in Section 6.5, contains all of the terms and conditions agreed
upon
by the parties relating to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersedes
all prior agreements, negotiations, correspondence, undertakings, and
communications of the parties, whether oral or written, respecting that subject
matter, including, without limitation, the LOI.
11.2.
Governing
Law.
The
Merger will be governed by the law of the State of Delaware. All other aspects
of this Agreement will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the
laws of the State of California as applied to agreements entered into and
entirely to be performed within that state.
11.3.
Notices.
All
notices and other communications given or made pursuant hereto will be in
writing and will be deemed to have been duly given or made as of the date
delivered, mailed or faxed, and will be effective upon receipt, if delivered
personally, mailed by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return
receipt requested), or delivered by overnight delivery service (e.g., Federal
Express), to the parties at the following addresses, or upon transmission,
with
confirmation from the sender’s machine thereof, if faxed to the fax numbers
specified below:
(a)
If to
Parent, Sub or Xxxx X. Xxxxxx, or the Company after Closing:
Wyndcrest
DD Holdings, LLC
00000
Xxxxx Xxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx 000
Xxxx
Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx 00000
Attention:
Xxxx
X.
Xxxxxx
Phone
No.: (000)
000-0000
Fax
No.:
(000)
000-0000
53
with
a
copy to:
Xxxxx
Xxxx LLP
000
Xxxxxxxx, 0xx
Xxxxx
Xxxxx
Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx 00000
Attention:
D.
Xxxxxx
Xxxxxx
Phone
No.: (000)
000-0000
Fax
No.:
(000) 000-0000
(b)
If to
the Company prior to Closing:
Digital
Domain, Inc.
000
Xxxx
Xxxxxx
Xxxxxx,
Xxxxxxxxxx 00000
Attention:
General
Counsel
Phone
No.: (000)
000-0000
Fax
No.:
(000)
000-0000
with
a
copy to:
Milbank,
Tweed, Xxxxxx & XxXxxx LLP
000
X.
Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attention:
Xxxx X Xxxxxxxx
Phone
No:
(000) 000-0000
Fax
No:
(000) 000-0000
54
(c)
If to
the Participating Stockholders, to each of the following:
Cox
DDI,
Inc.
0000
Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx 000
Xxx
Xxxxx, XX 00000
Attention:
Assistant Secretary
Phone
No.: (000) 000-0000
Fax
No.:
(000)
000-0000
With
copies to
Cox
DDI, Inc.
c/x
Xxx Enterprises, Inc.
0000
Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxx
Xxxxxxx,
XX 00000
Attention:
General Counsel
Phone
No.: (000) 000-0000
Fax
No.: (000) 000-0000
Dow,
Xxxxxx & Xxxxxxxxx,
PLLC
0000
Xxx Xxxxxxxxx Xxx., XX,
Xxxxxxxxxx,
XX 00000-0000
Attention:
Xxxxxx X. X'Xxxxxxx,
Esq.
Phone
No.: (000) 000-0000
Fax
No.: (000) 000-0000
and
Milbank,
Tweed, Xxxxxx & XxXxxx
LLP
000
X. Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attention:
Xxxx X Xxxxxxxx
Phone
No: (000) 000-0000
Fax
No: (000) 000-0000
55
International
Business Machines Corporation
Xxx
Xxxxxxx Xxxx
Xxxxxx,
Xxx Xxxx 00000
Attention:
Xxxxx
X.
Xxxxxxx
Phone
No.: (000)
000-0000
Fax
No.:
(000)
000-0000
With
a
copies to
International
Business Machines
Corporation
Xxx
Xxxxxxx Xxxx
Xxxxxx,
Xxx Xxxx 00000
Attention:
Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxx,
Esq.
Phone
No.: (000) 000-0000
Fax
No.: (000) 000-0000
and
Milbank,
Tweed, Xxxxxx & XxXxxx
LLP
000
X. Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attention:
Xxxx X Xxxxxxxx
Phone
No: (000) 000-0000
Fax
No: (000) 000-0000
Xxxxx
Xxxx
0000
Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxx., #X
Xxxxxx,
XX 00000
Phone:
(000) 000-0000
Fax:
(000) 000-0000
With
copies to:
Xxxxxxxx
Forester LLP
0000
Xxxxxxx Xxxx Xxxx, Xxx. 0000
Xxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attn:
M. Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx
Phone:
(000) 000-0000
Fax:
(000) 000-0000
and
Milbank,
Tweed, Xxxxxx & XxXxxx
LLP
000
X. Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attention:
Xxxx X Xxxxxxxx
Phone
No: (000) 000-0000
Fax
No: (000) 000-0000
56
Xxxxx
Xxxxxxx
c/o
Lightstorm Entertainment, Inc.
000
Xxxxx
Xxxxxx Xxxx.
Xxxxx
Xxxxxx, XX. 00000
Phone
310/000-0000
Fax
310/000-0000
With
copies to:
Xxxxxxxxx
Glusker Fields Claman
Machtinger & Xxxxxxxx
1900
Ave. of the Stars, Xxx. 0000
Xxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attn:
Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx
Phone
310/000-0000
Fax
310/000-0000
and
Milbank,
Tweed, Xxxxxx & XxXxxx
LLP
000
X. Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attention:
Xxxx X Xxxxxxxx
Phone
No: (000) 000-0000
Fax
No: (000) 000-0000
Xxxx
Xxxxxxx
00000
Xxxxxxxx Xxxx.
Xxxx
0000
Xxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Phone
No:
(000) 000-0000
Fax
No:
(000) 000-0000
With
copies to:
Xxxx
Xxxxxxx Studio
Attention:
Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
0000
Xxxxxxx Xxx.
Xxx
Xxxx,
XX. 00000
Phone
818/000-0000
Fax
818/000-0000
57
Xxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxx Fields Claman Machtinger & Xxxxxxxx
1900
Ave.
of the Stars, Xxx. 0000
Xxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attn:
Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx
Phone
310/000-0000
Fax
310/000-0000
and
Milbank,
Tweed, Xxxxxx & XxXxxx
LLP
000
X. Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
Xxx
Xxxxxxx, XX 00000
Attention:
Xxxx X Xxxxxxxx
Phone
No: (000) 000-0000
Fax
No: (000) 000-0000
Such
addresses and fax numbers may be changed, from time to time, by means of a
notice given in the manner provided above.
11.4.
Severability.
If any
provision of this Agreement is held to be unenforceable for any reason, it
will
be modified rather than voided, if possible, in order to achieve the intent
of
the parties to this Agreement to the extent possible. In any event, all other
provisions of this Agreement will be deemed valid and enforceable to their
full
extent.
11.5.
Assignment.
No party
to this Agreement may assign, by operation of law or otherwise, all or any
portion of its rights, obligations, or liabilities under this Agreement without
the prior written consent of each of the other parties hereto, which consent
may
be withheld in the absolute discretion of any party asked to grant such consent.
Any attempted assignment in violation of this Section 11.5 will be voidable
and will entitle the other parties to this Agreement to terminate this Agreement
at its option.
11.6.
Counterparts.
This
Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which will be
deemed an original and will bind the signatories, but all of which together
will
constitute but one and the same instrument.
11.7.
Amendment.
This
Agreement may be amended only by an instrument in writing signed by the Company,
Parent, Sub, and the Participating Stockholders, and, in the case of the last
sentence of Section 8.2, by Xxxx X. Xxxxxx as well.
11.8.
Extension,
Waiver.
At any
time prior to the Effective Time, any party hereto may, to the extent legally
allowed: (i) extend the time for the performance of any of the obligations
or other acts of any other party hereto, (ii) waive any inaccuracies in the
representations and warranties made to such party contained herein or in any
document delivered pursuant hereto, and (iii) waive compliance with any of
the agreements, covenants or conditions for the benefit of such party contained
herein. Any agreement on the part of a party hereto to any such extension or
waiver will be valid only if set forth in an instrument in writing signed on
behalf of such party.
58
11.9.
Construction.
All
words used in this Agreement will be construed to be of such gender or number
as
the circumstances require. Unless otherwise expressly provided, the word
“including” does not limit the preceding words or terms.
11.10.
Jurisdiction
and Venue; Waiver of Jury Trial.
(a)
The
parties hereby irrevocably submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of the
State
of California located in Los Angeles County and the Federal courts of the United
States of America located in Los Angeles County, California solely in respect
of
the interpretation and enforcement of the provisions of this Agreement and
of
the documents referred to in this Agreement, and in respect of the transactions
contemplated hereby, and hereby agree not to assert, as a defense in any action,
suit or proceeding for the interpretation or enforcement hereof or of any such
document, that it is not subject thereto or that such action, suit or proceeding
may not be brought or is not maintainable in said courts or that the venue
thereof may not be laid therein or that this Agreement or any such document
may
not be enforced in or by such courts, and the parties hereto irrevocably agree
that all claims with respect to such action, suit or proceeding shall be heard
and determined in such a California State or Federal court. The parties hereby
consent to and grant any such court jurisdiction over the person of such parties
and, to the extent permitted by law, over the subject matter of such dispute,
and agree that mailing of process or other papers in connection with any such
action, suit or proceeding in the manner provided in Section 11.3 or in such
other manner as may be permitted by law shall be valid and sufficient service
thereof.
(b)
EACH
PARTY HERETO ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES, THAT ANY CONTROVERSY WHICH MAY ARISE
UNDER
THIS AGREEMENT IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES, AND
THEREFORE EACH SUCH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO
THE
MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ANY RIGHT SUCH PARTY MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY
JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR
RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT.
EACH PARTY CERTIFIES AND ACKNOWLEDGES THAT (i) NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR
ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH
OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING
WAIVER, (ii) IT UNDERSTANDS AND HAS CONSIDERED THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS WAIVER,
(iii) IT MAKES THIS WAIVER VOLUNTARILY, AND (iv) IT HAS BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER
INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND
CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 11.10(b).
59
11.11.
Prevailing
Party Attorneys’ Fees.
In any
judicial or arbitral action or proceeding commenced to construe or enforce
this
Agreement or the rights and duties of the parties hereunder, then the party
prevailing in that action will be entitled to recover its attorneys’ fees and
costs in that action or proceeding, as well as all costs and fees of any appeal
or action to enforce any judgment entered therein.
11.12.
Tax
Treatment of Transactions.
The
parties agree that all transactions contemplated herein will be reported for
tax
purposes consistently with the manner in which such transactions are
characterized by this Agreement.
11.13.
General
Release.
Effective as of the Effective Time, each of the Participating Stockholders,
for
itself or himself and on behalf of its or his Affiliates and successors and
assigns, and on behalf of its or his predecessors and successors in interest
(collectively referred to as the “Releasing
Parties”),
hereby releases and discharges each of the Surviving Corporation and each other
Participating Stockholder and each of their respective parents, subsidiaries
and
any other Affiliates, and each of their respective directors, officers,
shareholders, agents, employees, heirs, legatees, devisees, executors,
administrators, personal representatives, predecessors, successors and assigns,
past and present, and each of them (collectively referred to as the
“Releasees”)
from,
and covenants not to xxx or otherwise institute or cause to be instituted,
or
maintain any legal or administrative proceedings against any Releasee with
respect to, any and all Losses arising in any way from his or its status as
a
stockholder of the Company or his or its relationship to the Company or to
the
other Participating Stockholders in connection with the Company’s activities
during the period prior to the Effective Time, of whatever kind or nature,
at
law, in equity or otherwise, whether now known or unknown; provided, however,
that any and all such Losses arising solely in connection with this Agreement
and the Escrow Agreement, and those specific items listed on Schedule
11.13,
shall
not be subject to the foregoing release; and provided, further, that the
foregoing release shall not apply to any claims with respect to applicable
policies of directors and officers, employment practices, fiduciary and employed
lawyers professional liability or comparable liability insurance as in effect
on
the Closing Date. Each Releasing Party hereby waives any and all rights or
benefits which it or he may have under Section 1542 of the California Civil
Code, which provides that:
A
GENERAL
RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT
TO
EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN
BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE
DEBTOR.
Having
been fully informed of the provisions of California Civil Code Section 1542,
each Releasing Party hereby represents and warrants to the other parties and
each Releasee that (a) it or he understands the effect of this waiver and said
Civil Code Section in connection with this Agreement, (b) that it or he is
represented and has been advised by an independent attorney in connection with
this release and this Agreement, and (c) it or he has made such investigation
of
the facts and circumstances surrounding the matters addressed herein as it
or he
deems necessary. Each Releasing Party further represents and warrants that
it or
he has not assigned, sold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of any of the
causes of action, claims, or other matters released pursuant to this Section
11.13.
60
11.14.
Omitted.
11.15.
Survival.
The
representations, warranties and agreements contained in this Agreement, other
than the Surviving Obligations and the provisions of Article VIII, Article
IX
and Article XI, will terminate on the date which is 18 months after the Closing
Date. The Surviving Obligations and
the
provisions of Article VIII, Article IX and Article XI will terminate on the
expiration date of the respective statutory limitation period pertaining thereto
under applicable Law (as such period of limitation may be extended by waiver
or
otherwise, with the consent of the Stockholder Committee, which consent shall
not be unreasonably withheld or delayed).
(the
remainder of this page has intentionally been left
blank)
61
SIGNATURE
PAGE -
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed or caused this Agreement
and
Plan of Reorganization to be duly executed as of the date first written
above:
WYNDCREST DD HOLDINGS, LLC | DIGITAL DOMAIN, INC. | |||
By:
|
By:
|
|||
Xxxx
X. Xxxxxx
|
Its:
|
|||
Manager
|
||||
DD ACQUISITION SUBSIDIARY, INC. | ||||
By:
|
||||
Xxxx
X. Xxxxxx
|
||||
Chairman
|
||||
PARTICIPATING
STOCKHOLDERS:
|
||||
By
executing below each of the undersigned agrees to be bound by the
provisions of Sections 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 6.3, 6.4, 6.6, 6.12, 6.13 and
6.16,
and Articles VIII and XI, Cox DDI, Inc. additionally agrees to be
bound by
Section 6.14, and International Business Machines Corporation additionally
agrees to be bound by Section 6.15:
|
Xxxx
X. Xxxxxx, in his individual capacity, solely as to the last sentence
of
Section 8.2.
|
|||
XXXXX
XXXXXXX
|
||||
XXXXX
XXXX
|
||||
XXXX
XXXXXXX
|
62
SIGNATURE
PAGE CON’T-
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION
By:
|
|
Its:
|
|
COX
DDI, INC.
|
|
By:
|
|
Its:
|
63