XXXXX HOME EQUITY
CORPORATION TRUST 1996-1
MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES
SERIES 1996-1
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
Dated as of October 8, 1996
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
PRUDENTIAL SECURITIES INCORPORATED
Xxx Xxx Xxxx Xxxxx
Xxx Xxxx, Xxx Xxxx 00000
October 8, 1996
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Prudential Securities Secured Financing Corporation (the "Depositor")
proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein and in the attached
Underwriting Agreement Standard Provisions, dated as of October 8, 1996 (the
"Standard Provisions"), between the Depositor and Prudential Securities
Incorporated, to issue and sell to you (the "Underwriter") the Securities
specified in Schedule I hereto (the "Offered Securities"). The Depositor agrees
that each of the provisions of the Standard Provisions is incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety, and shall be deemed to be a part of this Agreement to
the same extent as if such provisions had been set forth in full herein; and
each of the representations and warranties set forth therein shall be deemed to
have been made at and as of the date of this Underwriting Agreement. Each
reference to the "Representative" herein and in the provisions of the Standard
Provisions so incorporated by reference shall be deemed to refer to you. Unless
otherwise deemed herein, terms defined in the Standard Provisions are used
herein as therein deemed. The Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying
Prospectus relating to the Offered Securities (together, the "Prospectus") are
incorporated by reference herein.
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the Standard
Provisions incorporated herein by reference, the Depositor agrees to issue and
sell to the Underwriter, and the Underwriter agrees to purchase from the
Depositor, at the time and place and at the purchase price to the Underwriter
and in the manner set forth in Schedule I hereto, the entire original principal
balance of the Offered Securities.
If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and
return to us two counterparts hereof, and upon acceptance hereof by you, this
letter and such acceptance hereof, including the provisions of the Standard
Provisions incorporated herein by reference, shall constitute a binding
agreement between the Underwriter and the Depositor.
Very truly yours,
PRUDENTIAL SECURITIES
SECURED FINANCING
CORPORATION
By: /s/ Xxx Xxxx
---------------------
Xxx Xxxx
Vice President
Accepted as of the date hereof:
PRUDENTIAL SECURITIES INCORPORATED
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
----------------------
Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Vice President
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SCHEDULE I
Title of Offered
Securities: Xxxxx Home Equity Corporation Trust 1996-1,
Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 1996-1,
Class A Certificates (the "Offered Securities").
The Trustee will simultaneously issue the Class R
and the 1996-1 Additional Certificate representing
beneficial interests in the Xxxxx Home Equity
Corporation Trust 1996-1 (the "Trust"). Only the
Class A Certificates are offered hereby.
Terms of Offered
Securities: The Offered Securities shall have the terms set
forth in the Prospectus Supplement and shall
conform in all material respects to the
descriptions thereof contained therein, and shall
be issued pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing
Agreement to be dated as of the Closing Date among
the Depositor, Xxxxx Home Equity Corporation, as
Servicer, and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as
Trustee.
Purchase Price: The purchase price for the Offered Securities
shall be 99.6424% of the aggregate principal
balance of the Class A Certificates as of the
Cut-Off Date.
Specified funds for
payment of
Purchase Price: Federal Funds (immediately available funds).
Required Ratings:
Aaa by Xxxxx'x Investors Service, Inc.
AAA by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services
Closing Date: On or about October 15, 1996 at 10:00 A.M. New
York City time or at such other time as the
Depositor and the Underwriter shall agree.
Closing Location: Offices of Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx, 0000 Xxxxxx xx xxx
Xxxxxxxx, Xxx Xxxx, Xxx Xxxx.
Name and address of
Representative: Designated Representative: Prudential Securities
Incorporated.
Address for Notices,
etc.: Xxx Xxx Xxxx Xxxxx
Xxx Xxxx, Xxx Xxxx 00000
Attn: Xxx Xxxx
STANDARD PROVISIONS TO UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
October 8, 1996
From time to time, Prudential Securities Secured Financing Corporation, a
Delaware corporation (the "Depositor") may enter into one or more underwriting
agreements (each, an "Underwriting Agreement") that provide for the sale of
designated securities to the several underwriters named therein (such
underwriters constituting the "Underwriters" with respect to such Underwriting
Agreement and the securities specified therein). The several underwriters named
in an Underwriting Agreement will be represented by one or more representatives
as named in such Underwriting Agreement (collectively, the "Representative").
The term "Representative" also refers to a single firm acting as sole
representative of the Underwriters and to Underwriters who act without any firm
being designated as their representative. The standard provisions set forth
herein (the "Standard Provisions") may be incorporated by reference in any
Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement shall not be construed as an obligation
of the Depositor to sell any securities or as an obligation of any of the
Underwriters to purchase such securities. The obligation of the Depositor to
sell any securities and the obligation of any of the Underwriters to purchase
any of the securities shall be evidenced by the Underwriting Agreement with
respect to the securities specified therein. An Underwriting Agreement shall be
in the form of an executed writing (which may be in counterparts), and may be
evidenced by an exchange of telegraphic communications or any other rapid
transmission device designed to produce a written record of the communications
transmitted. The obligations of the underwriters under this Agreement and each
Underwriting Agreement shall be several and not joint. Unless otherwise defined
herein, the terms defined in the Underwriting Agreement are used herein as
defined in the Prospectus and in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement referred to
below.
SECTION 1. THE OFFERED SECURITIES. Pursuant to the applicable Underwriting
Agreement, the Depositor proposes to sell to the several Underwriters named
therein certificates (the "Securities") representing beneficial ownership
interests in a trust (the "Trust"), the trust property of which consists of
separate pools of home equity revolving credit line loans and closed end home
equity loan secured by mortgages on residential one-to-four-family properties
(the "Mortgage Loans" and together with all other assets of the trust fund, the
"Trust Fund"), including (a) each Mortgage Loan which may be transferred to the
trust pursuant to the provisions of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, dated
as of October 1, 1996 (the "Pooling and Servicing Agreement"), by and among the
Depositor, Xxxxx Home Equity Corporation (the "Servicer") and The Chase
Manhattan Bank, as trustee (the "Trustee"), (b) all rights of the Depositor
under the Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of October 1, 1996 (the
"Purchase and Sale Agreement"), between Prudential Securities Secured Financing
Corporation and IHE Funding Corp., as Seller thereunder, (c) such assets as from
time to time are identified as REO Property (as defined in the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement) and collections thereon and proceeds thereof, (d) all
assets deposited in the Accounts (as defined in the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement), including any amounts on deposit in the Accounts and invested in
Permitted Investments (as defined in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement), (e)
the Trustee's rights with respect to the Mortgage Loans under all insurance
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policies (other than the Class A-1 Certificate Insurance Policy or Group II
Certificate Insurance Policy, each as defined in the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement) required to be maintained pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement and any Insurance Proceeds (as defined in the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement), (f) all Liquidation Proceeds (as defined in the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement) and (g) all Released Mortgaged Property Proceeds (as
defined in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement). The Securities will be issued
pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
The terms and rights of any particular issuance of Securities shall be as
specified in the Underwriting Agreement relating thereto and in or pursuant to
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement identified in such Underwriting Agreement.
The Securities which are the subject of any particular Underwriting Agreement
into which this Agreement is incorporated are herein referred to as the "Offered
Securities."
The Depositor has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission") a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 33-91148),
including a prospectus relating to the Securities under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"). The term "Registration Statement" means such
registration statement as amended to and including the date of the Underwriting
Agreement. The term "Base Prospectus" means the prospectus included in the
Registration Statement. The term "Prospectus" means the Base Prospectus together
with the prospectus supplement specifically relating to the Offered Securities,
as first filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424, and as further
supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement dated October 9, 1996. The term
"Preliminary Prospectus" means a preliminary prospectus supplement specifically
relating to the Offered Securities together with the Base Prospectus.
SECTION 2. OFFERING BY THE UNDERWRITERS. Upon the execution of the
Underwriting Agreement applicable to any Offered Securities and the
authorization by the Representative of the release of such Offered Securities,
the several Underwriters propose to offer for sale to the public the Offered
Securities at the prices and upon the terms set forth in the Prospectus.
SECTION 3. PURCHASE, SALE AND DELIVERY OF THE OFFERED SECURITIES. Unless
otherwise specified in the Underwriting Agreement, payment for the Offered
Securities shall be made by certified or official bank check or checks payable
to the order of the Depositor in immediately available or next day funds, at the
time and place set forth in the Underwriting Agreement, upon delivery to the
Representative for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters of the
Offered Securities registered in definitive form and in such names and in such
denominations as the Representative shall request in writing not less than five
full business days prior to the date of delivery. The time and date of such
payment and delivery with respect to the Offered Securities are herein referred
to as the "Closing Date."
SECTION 4. CONDITIONS OF THE UNDERWRITERS' OBLIGATIONS. The respective
obligations of the several Underwriters pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement
shall be subject, in the discretion of the Representative, to the accuracy in
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all material respects of the representations and warranties of the Depositor
contained herein as of the date of the Underwriting Agreement and as of the
Closing Date as if made on and as of the Closing Date, to the accuracy in all
material respects of the statements of the officers of the Depositor and the
Servicer made in any certificates pursuant to the provisions hereof and of the
Underwriting Agreement, to the performance by the Depositor of its covenants and
agreements contained herein and to the following additional conditions
precedent:
(a) All actions required to be taken and all filings required to be made by
or on behalf of the Depositor under the 1933 Act and the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (the "1934 Act") prior to the sale of the Offered Securities
shall have been duly taken or made.
(b) (i) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement shall be in effect; (ii) no proceedings for such purpose shall be
pending before or threatened by the Commission, or by any authority
administering any state securities or "Blue Sky" laws; (iii) any requests for
additional information on the part of the Commission shall have been complied
with to the Representative's reasonable satisfaction, (iv) since the respective
dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus except as otherwise stated therein, there shall have been no material
adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, earnings, affairs,
regulatory situation or business prospects of the Depositor; (v) there are no
material actions, suits or proceedings pending before any court or governmental
agency, authority or body or threatened, affecting the Depositor or the
transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement; (vi) the Depositor is
not in violation of its charter or its by-laws or in default in the performance
or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in
any contract, indenture, mortgage, loan agreement, note, lease or other
instrument to which it is a party or by which it or its properties may be bound,
which violations or defaults separately or in the aggregate would have a
material adverse effect on the Depositor; and (vii) the Representative shall
have received, on the Closing Date, a certificate substantially in the form of
Exhibit A attached hereto, dated the Closing Date and signed by an executive
officer of the Depositor, to the foregoing effect.
(c) Subsequent to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, there shall
not have occurred any of the following: (i) if at or prior to the Closing Date,
trading in securities on the New York Stock Exchange shall have been suspended
or any material limitation in trading in securities generally shall have been
established on such exchange, or a banking moratorium shall have been declared
by New York or United States authorities; (ii) if at or prior to the Closing
Date, there shall have been an outbreak or escalation of hostilities between the
United States and any foreign power, or of any other insurrection or armed
conflict involving the United States which results in the declaration of a
national emergency or war, and, in the reasonable opinion of the Representative,
makes it impracticable or inadvisable to offer or sell the Offered Securities or
(iii) if at or prior to the Closing Date, a general moratorium on commercial
banking activities in New York shall have been declared by either federal or New
York State authorities.
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(d) The Representative shall have received, on the Closing Date, a
certificate dated the Closing Date and signed by an executive officer of the
Depositor to the effect that attached thereto is a true and correct copy of the
letter from each nationally recognized statistical rating organization (as that
term is deemed by the Commission for purposes of Rule 436(g)(2) under the 1933
Act) that rated the Offered Securities and confirming that, unless otherwise
specified in the Underwriting Agreement, the Offered Securities have been rated
in the highest rating categories by each such organization and that each such
rating has not been rescinded since the date of the applicable letter.
(e) The Representative shall have received, as of the Closing Date, an
opinion of Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx, as special transaction counsel (the "Transaction
Counsel"), dated the Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the
Representative and containing opinions substantially to the effect set forth in
Exhibit A hereto.
(f) The Representative shall have received, as of the Closing Date, an
opinion of Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx, special counsel for the Servicer, dated the Closing
Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative and counsel for
the Underwriters and containing opinions substantially to the effect set forth
in Exhibit B-1 hereto.
(g) The Representative shall have received, as of the Closing Date, an
opinion of Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxx, counsel to the Seller, dated the Closing Date, in
form and substance satisfactory to the Representative and the Transaction
Counsel, and containing opinions substantially to the effect set forth in
Exhibit B-2 hereto.
(h) The Representative shall have received, as of the Closing Date, an
opinion of counsel for the Trustee, dated the Closing Date, in form and
substance satisfactory to the Representative and counsel for the Underwriters
and containing opinions substantially to the effect set forth in Exhibit C
hereto.
(i) The Representative shall have received, on or prior to the date of
first use of the prospectus supplement relating to the Offered Securities, and
on the Closing Date if requested by the Representative, letters of independent
accountants of the Depositor in the form and reflecting the performance of the
procedures previously requested by the Representative.
(j) The Depositor shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to the
Representative on the Closing Date a certificate of an executive officer of the
Depositor satisfactory to the Representative as to the accuracy of the
representations and warranties of the Depositor herein at and as of such Closing
Date as if made as of such date, as to the performance by the Depositor of all
of its obligations hereunder to be performed at or prior to such Closing Date,
and as to such other matters as the Representative may reasonably request.
(k) The Servicer shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to the
Representative on the Closing Date a certificate of officers of such Servicer in
form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative.
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(l) The Certificate Insurance Policies shall have been duly executed and
issued at or prior to the Closing Date and shall conform in all material
respects to the description thereof in the Prospectus Supplement.
(m) The Representative shall have received, on the Closing Date, an opinion
of counsel to MBIA Insurance Corporation ("the Certificate Insurer"), dated the
Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative and
counsel for the Underwriters and containing opinions substantially to the effect
set forth in Exhibit D hereto.
(n) On or prior to the Closing Date there shall not have occurred any
downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of (i) any intended or
potential downgrading or (ii) any review or possible change in rating the
direction of which has not been indicated, in the rating accorded the
Certificate Insurer's claims paying ability by any "nationally recognized
statistical rating organization," as such term is defined for purposes of the
1933 Act.
(o) There has not occurred any change, or any development involving a
prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the
earnings, business or operations, since June 30, 1996, of the Certificate
Insurer, that is in the Representative's judgment material and adverse and that
makes it in the Representative's judgment impracticable to market the Offered
Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.
(p) The Representative shall have received, on the Closing Date, a
certificate dated the Closing Date and signed by the President, a senior vice
president or a vice president or other authorized officer of the Certificate
Insurer to the effect that the signer of such certificate has carefully examined
each Certificate Insurance Policy, the Insurance Agreement dated the Closing
Date (the "Insurance Agreement") among the Servicer, the Underwriter, the
Depositor and the Certificate Insurer and the related documents and that, to the
best of his or her knowledge based on reasonable investigation:
1. There are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or threatened
against or affecting the Certificate Insurer which, if adversely
determined, individually or in the aggregate, would adversely affect the
Certificate Insurer's performance under the Certificate Insurance Policies
or the Insurance Agreement;
2. Each person who, as an officer or representative of the Certificate
Insurer, signed or signs the Certificate Insurance Policies, the Insurance
Agreement or any other document delivered pursuant hereto, on the date
thereof, or on the Closing Date, in connection with the transactions
described in this Agreement was, at the respective times of such signing
and delivery, and is now, duly elected or appointed, qualified and acting
as such officer or representative, and the signatures of such persons
appearing on such documents are their genuine signatures;
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3. The information contained in the Prospectus under the caption "THE
CERTIFICATE INSURANCE POLICIES AND THE CERTIFICATE INSURER" is true and
correct in all material respects and does not omit to state a material fact
with respect to the description of the Certificate Insurance Policies or
the ability of the Certificate Insurer to meet its payment obligations
under the Certificate Insurance Policies;
4. The tables regarding the Certificate Insurer's capitalization set
forth in the Prospectus under the heading "THE CERTIFICATE INSURANCE
POLICIES AND THE CERTIFICATE INSURER" present fairly the capitalization of
the Certificate Insurer as of the dates and for such periods as are
referenced in such tables;
5. The execution and delivery of the Insurance Agreement and the
Policies and the compliance with the terms and provisions thereof will not
conflict with, result in a breach of, or constitute a default under any of
the terms, provisions or conditions or, the Restated Charter or By-Laws of
the Insurer, or any agreement, indenture or other instrument to which the
Insurer is a party;
6. The audited balance sheet of the Certificate Insurer as of December
1994 and the related statement of income and retained earnings for the
fiscal year then ended, and the accompanying footnotes, together with an
opinion thereon dated February 1, 1995 of Coopers & Xxxxxxx, independent
certificated public accountants, copies of which are incorporated by
reference in the Prospectus, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition of the Certificate Insurer as of such date and for the
period covered by such statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles consistently applied;
7. To the best knowledge of such officer, since no material adverse
change has occurred in the financial position of the Certificate Insurer
other than as set forth in the Prospectus; and
8. The issuance of the Certificate Insurance Policies and the
execution, delivery and performance of the Insurance Agreement have been
duly authorized by all necessary corporate proceedings. No further
approvals or filings of any kind, including, without limitation, any
further approvals of or further filing with any governmental agency or
other governmental authority, or any approval of the Certificate Insurer's
board of directors or stockholders, are necessary for the Certificate
Insurance Policies and the Insurance Agreement to constitute the legal,
valid and binding obligations of the Certificate Insurer.
(q) The Representative shall have been furnished such further information,
certificates, documents and opinions as the Representative may reasonably
request.
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SECTION 5. COVENANTS OF THE DEPOSITOR. In further consideration of the
agreements of the Underwriters contained in the Underwriting Agreement, the
Depositor covenants as follows:
(a) To furnish the Representative, without charge, copies of the
Registration Statement and any amendments thereto including exhibits and as many
copies of the Prospectus and any supplements and amendments thereto as the
Representative may from time to time reasonably request.
(b) Immediately following the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, the
Depositor will prepare a prospectus supplement setting forth the principal
amount, notional amount or stated amount, as applicable, of Offered Securities
covered thereby, the price at which the Offered Securities are to be purchased
by the Underwriters from the Depositor, either the initial public offering price
or prices or the method by which the price or prices at which the Offered
Securities are to be sold will be determined, the selling concessions and
reallowances, if any, any delayed delivery arrangements, and such other
information as the Representative and the Depositor deem appropriate in
connection with the offering of the Offered Securities, but the Depositor will
not file any amendment to the Registration Statement or any supplement to the
Prospectus of which the Representative shall not previously have been advised
and furnished with a copy a reasonable time prior to the proposed filing or to
which the Representative shall have reasonably objected. The Depositor will use
its best efforts to cause any amendment to the Registration Statement to become
effective as promptly as possible. During the time when a Prospectus is required
to be delivered under the 1933 Act, the Depositor will comply so far as it is
able with all requirements imposed upon it by the 1933 Act and the rules and
regulations thereunder to the extent necessary to permit the continuance of
sales or of dealings in the Offered Securities in accordance with the provisions
hereof and of the Prospectus, and the Depositor will prepare and file with the
Commission, promptly upon request by the Representative, any amendments to the
Registration Statement or supplements to the Prospectus which may be necessary
or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Offered Securities by
the Underwriters, and will use its best efforts to cause the same to become
effective as promptly as possible. The Depositor will advise the Representative,
promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when any amendment to the
Registration Statement or any amended Registration Statement has become
effective or any supplement to the Prospectus or any amended Prospectus has been
filed. The Depositor will advise the Representative, promptly after it receives
notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance by the Commission of any
stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any
order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the
Prospectus, or the suspension of the qualification of the Offered Securities for
offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any
proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request made by the Commission for
the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or
for additional information, and the Depositor will use its best efforts to
prevent the issuance of any such stop order or any order suspending any such
qualification, and if any such order is issued, to obtain the lifting thereof as
promptly as possible.
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(c) If, at any time when a prospectus relating to the Offered Securities is
required to be delivered under the 1933 Act, any event occurs as a result of
which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue
statement of a material fact, or omit to state any material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or if it is necessary
for any other reason to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with the
1933 Act, to promptly notify the Representative thereof and upon their request
to prepare and file with the Commission, at the Depositor's own expense, an
amendment or supplement which will correct such statement or omission or any
amendment which will effect such compliance.
(d) During the period when a prospectus is required by law to be delivered
in connection with the sale of the Offered Securities pursuant to the
Underwriting Agreement, the Depositor will file, on a timely and complete basis,
all documents that are required to be filed by the Depositor with the Commission
pursuant to Sections 13, 14, or 15(d) of the 1934 Act.
(e) To qualify the Offered Securities for offer and sale under the
securities or "Blue Sky" laws of such jurisdictions as the Representative shall
reasonably request and to pay all expenses (including fees and disbursements of
counsel) in connection with such qualification of the eligibility of the Offered
Securities for investment under the laws of such jurisdictions as the
Representative may designate provided that in connection therewith the Depositor
shall not be required to qualify to do business or to file a general consent to
service of process in any jurisdiction.
(f) To make generally available to the Depositor's security holders, as
soon as practicable, but in any event not later than eighteen months after the
date on which the filing of the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, pursuant
to Rule 424 under the 1933 Act first occurs, an earnings statement of the
Depositor covering a twelve-month period beginning after the date of the
Underwriting Agreement, which shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of
the 1933 Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission
thereunder (including, at the option of the Depositor, Rule 158).
(g) For so long as any of the Offered Securities remain outstanding, to
furnish to the Representative upon request in writing copies of such financial
statements and other periodic and special reports as the Depositor may from time
to time distribute generally to its creditors or the holders of the Offered
Securities and to furnish to the Representative copies of each annual or other
report the Depositor shall be required to file with the Commission.
(h) For so long as any of the Offered Securities remain outstanding, the
Depositor will, or will cause the Servicer to, furnish to the Representative, as
soon as available, a copy of (i) the annual statement of compliance delivered by
the Servicer to the Trustee under the applicable Pooling and Servicing
Agreement, (ii) the annual independent public accountants' servicing report
furnished to the Trustee pursuant to the applicable Pooling and Servicing
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Agreement, (iii) each report regarding the Offered Securities mailed to the
holders of such Securities, and (iv) from time to time, such other information
concerning such Securities as the Representative may reasonably request.
SECTION 6. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE DEPOSITOR. The Depositor
represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each Underwriter, as of the date of
the Underwriting Agreement, as follows:
(a) The Registration Statement including a prospectus relating to the
Securities and the offering thereof from time to time in accordance with Rule
415 under the 1933 Act has been filed with the Commission and such Registration
Statement, as amended to the date of the Underwriting Agreement, has become
effective. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of such Registration
Statement has been issued and no proceeding for that purpose has been initiated
or threatened by the Commission. A prospectus supplement specifically relating
to the Offered Securities will be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424
under the 1933 Act; provided, however, that a supplement to the Prospectus
prepared pursuant to Section 5(b) hereof shall be deemed to have supplemented
the Basic Prospectus only with respect to the Offered Securities to which it
relates. The conditions to the use of a registration statement on Form S-3 under
the 1933 Act, as set forth in the General Instructions on Form S-3, and the
conditions of Rule 415 under the 1933 Act, have been satisfied with respect to
the Depositor and the Registration Statement. There are no contracts or
documents of the Depositor that are required to be filed as exhibits to the
Registration Statement pursuant to the 1933 Act or the rules and regulations
thereunder that have not been so filed.
(b) On the effective date of the Registration Statement, the Registration
Statement and the Basic Prospectus conformed in all material respects to the
requirements of the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and did
not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading; on the date of the Underwriting Agreement and as of the
Closing Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus conform, and as
amended or supplemented, if applicable, will conform in all material respects to
the requirements of the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and
on the date of the Underwriting Agreement and as of the Closing Date, neither of
such documents includes any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to
state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading, and neither of such documents as amended or
supplemented, if applicable, will include any untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that
the foregoing does not apply to statements or omissions in any of such documents
based upon written information furnished to the Depositor by any Underwriter
specifically for use therein.
(c) Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the
Registration Statement and the Prospectus, except as otherwise stated therein,
there has been no material adverse change in the condition, financial or
9
otherwise, earnings, affairs, yregulatory situation or business prospects of the
Depositor, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of the business of the
Depositor.
(d) The Depositor has been duly organized and is validly existing as a
corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware.
(e) The Depositor has all requisite power and authority (corporate and
other) and all requisite authorizations, approvals, orders, licenses,
certificates and permits of and from all government or regulatory officials and
bodies to own its properties, to conduct its business as described in the
Registration Statement and the Prospectus and to execute, deliver and perform
this Agreement, the Underwriting Agreement, the Pooling and Servicing Agreement
and, if applicable, the Custodial Agreement, except such as may be required
under state securities or Blue Sky laws in connection with the purchase and
distribution by the Underwriter of the Offered Securities; all such
authorizations, approvals, orders, licenses, and certificates are in full force
and effect and contain no unduly burdensome provisions; and, except as set forth
or contemplated in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, there are no
legal or governmental proceedings pending or, to the best knowledge of the
Depositor, threatened, that would result in a material modification, suspension
or revocation thereof.
(f) The Offered Securities have been duly authorized, and when the Offered
Securities are issued and delivered pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the
Offered Securities will have been duly executed, issued and delivered and will
be entitled to the benefits provided by the applicable Pooling and Servicing
Agreement, subject, as to the enforcement of remedies, to applicable bankruptcy,
reorganization, insolvency, moratorium and other laws affecting the rights of
creditors generally, and to general principles of equity (regardless of whether
the entitlement to such benefits is considered in a proceeding in equity or at
law), and will conform in substance to the description thereof contained in the
Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and will in all material respects be
in the form contemplated by the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
(g) The execution and delivery by the Depositor of this Agreement, the
Underwriting Agreement and the Pooling and Servicing Agreement are within the
corporate power of the Depositor and neither the execution and delivery by the
Depositor of this Agreement, the Underwriting Agreement and the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement nor the consummation by the Depositor of the transactions
therein contemplated, nor the compliance by the Depositor with the provisions
thereof, will conflict with or result in a breach of, or constitute a default
under, the charter or the by-laws of the Depositor or any of the provisions of
any law, governmental rule, regulation, judgment, decree or order binding on the
Depositor or its properties, or any of the provisions of any indenture,
mortgage, contract or other instrument to which the Depositor is a party or by
which it is bound, or will result in the creation or imposition of a lien,
charge or encumbrance upon any of its property pursuant to the terms of any such
indenture, mortgage, contract or other instrument, except such as have been
obtained under the 1933 Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations,
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registrations or qualifications as may be required under state securities or
Blue Sky laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Offered
Securities by the Underwriters.
(h) The Underwriting Agreement has been, and as of the Closing Date the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement will have been, duly authorized, executed and
delivered by the Depositor.
(i) As of the Closing Date, each of the Underwriting Agreement and the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement will constitute a legal, valid and binding
obligation of the Depositor, enforceable against the Depositor, in accordance
with its terms, subject, as to the enforcement of remedies, to applicable
bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium and other laws affecting the
rights of creditors generally, and to general principles of equity and the
discretion of the court (regardless of whether the enforcement of such remedies
is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
(j) No filing or registration with, notice to, or consent, approval,
non-disapproval, authorization or order or other action of, any court or
governmental authority or agency is required for the consummation by the
Depositor of the transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement or the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement, except such as have been obtained and except
such as may be required under the 1933 Act, the rules and regulations
thereunder, or state securities or "Blue Sky" laws, in connection with the
purchase and distribution of the Offered Securities by the Underwriters.
(k) The Depositor owns or possesses or has obtained all material
governmental licenses, permits, consents, orders, approvals and other
authorizations necessary to lease, own or license, as the case may be, and to
operate, its properties and to carry on its business as presently conducted and
has received no notice of proceedings relating to the revocation of any such
license, permit, consent, order or approval, which singly or in the aggregate,
if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would materially
adversely affect the conduct of the business, results of operations, net worth
or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Depositor.
(l) Other than as set forth or contemplated in the Prospectus, there are no
legal or governmental proceedings pending to which the Depositor is a party or
of which any property of the Depositor is the subject which, if determined
adversely to the Depositor would individually or in the aggregate have a
material adverse effect on the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings,
affairs, or business or business prospects of the Depositor and, to the best of
the Depositor's knowledge, no such proceedings are threatened or contemplated by
governmental authorities or threatened by others.
(m) Each of the Offered Securities will, when issued, be a "mortgage
related security" as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(41) of the 1934 Act.
(n) At the Closing Date or any date on which Subsequent Mortgage Loans are
transferred by the Depositor to the Trust (each, a "Subsequent Funding Date"),
as the case may be, each of the Mortgage Loans which is a subject of the Pooling
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and Servicing Agreement and all such Mortgage Loans in the aggregate will meet
the criteria for selection described in the Prospectus, and at the Closing Date
or any Subsequent Funding Date, as the case may be, the representations and
warranties made by the Depositor in such Pooling and Servicing Agreement will be
true and correct as of such date.
(o) At the time of execution and delivery of the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement and on any Subsequent Transfer Date, as the case may be, the Depositor
will have good and marketable title to the Mortgage Loans being transferred to
the Trustee pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, free and clear of
any lien, mortgage, pledge, charge, encumbrance, adverse claim or other security
interest (collectively, "Liens"), and will not have assigned to any person any
of its right, title or interest in such Mortgage Loans or in such Pooling and
Servicing Agreement or the Offered Securities being issued pursuant thereto, the
Depositor will have the power and authority to transfer such Mortgage Loans to
the Trustee and to transfer the Offered Securities to each of the Underwriters,
and upon execution and delivery to the Trustee of the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement and delivery to each of the Underwriters of the Offered Securities,
and on any Subsequent Transfer Date, as the case may be, the Trustee will have
good and marketable title to the Mortgage Loans and each of the Underwriters
will have good and marketable title to the Offered Securities, in each case free
and clear of any Liens. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each of the Underwriters
and the Depositor agrees and understands that, in accordance with and pursuant
to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, payments collected in respect of the
Mortgage Loans allocable to the Additional Balances on the Mortgage Loans will
not be available to the holders of the Offered Securities.
(p) The Pooling and Servicing Agreement is not required lo be qualified
under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the Trust Fund (as
defined in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement) is not required to be registered
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(q) Any taxes, fees and other governmental charges in connection with the
execution, delivery and issuance of the Underwriting Agreement, this Agreement,
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement and the Offered Securities have been or will
be paid at or prior to the Closing Date.
SECTION 7. INDEMNIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTION.
(a) The Depositor agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter
(including Prudential Securities Incorporated acting in its capacity as
Representative and as one of the Underwriters), and each person, if any, who
controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act, against any losses,
claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Underwriter or
such controlling person may become subject under the 1933 Act or otherwise,
insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect
thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue
statement of any material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any
Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto,
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or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state
therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse each Underwriter and each
such controlling person for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by
such Underwriter or such controlling person in connection with investigating or
defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; provided, however,
that the Depositor will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any
such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in
the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any
amendment or supplement thereto in reliance upon and in conformity with (1)
written information furnished to the Depositor by any Underwriter through the
Representative specifically for use therein or (2) information regarding the
Mortgage Loans except to the extent that the Depositor has been indemnified by
the Seller, under the Purchase and Sale Agreement, or the Servicer, under the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to
any liability which the Depositor may otherwise have.
(b) Each Underwriter will indemnify and hold harmless the Depositor, each
of the Depositor's directors, each of the Depositor's officers who signed the
Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Depositor,
within the meaning of the 1933 Act, against any losses, claims, damages or
liabilities to which the Depositor, or any such director, officer or controlling
person may become subject, under the 1933 Act or otherwise, insofar as such
losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out
of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any
material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary
Prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any other
prospectus relating to the Offered Securities, or arise out of or are based upon
the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in
each case to the extent, but only to the extent that such untrue statements or
alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in reliance
upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Depositor by
any Underwriter through the Representative specifically for use therein; and
each Underwriter will reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred
by the Depositor or any such director, officer or controlling person in
connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage,
liability or action. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any
liability which such Underwriter may otherwise have. The Depositor acknowledges
that the statements set forth under the caption "Plan of Distribution" in the
Prospectus Supplement constitute the only information furnished to the Depositor
by or on behalf of any Underwriter for use in the Registration Statement, any
Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, and each of the several Underwriters
represents and warrants that such statements are correct as to it.
(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 7 of
notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a
claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under this
Section 7, notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, but the
omission to so notify the indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying
13
party from any liability which the indemnifying party may have to any
indemnified party hereunder except to the extent such indemnifying party has
been prejudiced thereby. In case any such action is brought against any
indemnified party, and it notifies the indemnifying party of the commencement
thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate therein and, to
the extent, that it may wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party
similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof with counsel satisfactory to
such indemnified party. After notice from the indemnifying party to such
indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the
indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this
Section 7 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such
indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable
costs of investigation; provided, however, that the Representative shall have
the right to employ separate counsel to represent the Representative, those
other Underwriters and their respective controlling persons who may be subject
to liability arising out of any claim in respect of which indemnity may be
sought by the Underwriters against the Depositor under this Section 7 if, in the
reasonable judgment of the Representative, it is advisable for the
Representative and those Underwriters and controlling persons to be represented
by separate counsel, and in that event the fees and expenses of such separate
counsel shall be paid by the Depositor (it being understood, however, that the
Depositor shall not, in connection with any one such claim or separate but
substantially similar or related claim in the same jurisdiction arising out of
the same general allegations or circumstances, be liable for the reasonable fees
and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys at any time for the
Representative and those Underwriters and controlling persons).
(d) In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in
circumstances in which the indemnity agreement provided for in the preceding
parts of this Section 7 is for any reason held to be unavailable to or
insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b)
above in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in
respect thereof) referred to therein, then the indemnifying party shall
contribute to the amount paid or payable by the indemnified party as a result of
such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof);
provided, however, that no person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within
the meaning of Section 11(f) of the 1933 Act) shall be entitled to contribution
from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. In
determining the amount of contribution to which the respective parties are
entitled, there shall be considered the relative benefits received by the
Depositor on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, from the offering
of the Offered Securities (taking into account the portion of the proceeds of
the offering realized by each), the Depositor's and the Underwriters' relative
knowledge and access to information concerning the matter with respect to which
the claim was asserted, the opportunity to correct and prevent any statement or
omission, and any other equitable considerations appropriate in the
circumstances. The Depositor and the Underwriters agree that it would not be
equitable if the amount of such contribution were determined by pro rata or per
capita allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such
purpose). No Underwriter or person controlling such Underwriter shall be
obligated to make contribution hereunder which in the aggregate exceeds the
total public offering price of the Offered Securities purchased by such
Underwriter under the Underwriting Agreement, less the aggregate amount of any
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damages which such Underwriter and its controlling persons have otherwise been
required to pay in respect of the same or any substantially similar claim. The
Underwriters' obligation to contribute hereunder are several in proportion to
their respective underwriting obligations and not joint. For purposes of this
Section 7, each person, if any, who controls an Underwriter within the meaning
of Section 15 of the 1933 Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such
Underwriter, and each director of the Depositor, each officer of the Depositor
who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the
Depositor within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act, shall have the same
rights to contribution as the Depositor.
(e) The parties hereto agree that the first sentence of Section 5 of the
Indemnification Agreement (the "Indemnification Agreement") dated as of the
Closing Date among the Certificate Insurer, the Servicer, the Depositor and the
Underwriter shall not be construed as limiting the Depositor's right to enforce
its rights under Section 7 of this Agreement. The parties further agree that, as
between the parties hereto, to the extent that the provisions of Sections 4, 5
and 6 of the Indemnification Agreement conflict with Section 7 hereof, the
provisions of Section 7 hereof shall govern.
SECTION 8. SURVIVAL OF CERTAIN REPRESENTATIONS AND OBLIGATIONS. The
respective representations, warranties, agreements, covenants, indemnities and
other statements of the Depositor, its officers and the several Underwriters set
forth in, or made pursuant to, the Underwriting Agreement shall remain in full
force and effect, regardless of any investigation, or statement as to the result
thereof, made by or on behalf of any Underwriter, the Depositor, or any of the
officers or directors or any controlling person of any of the foregoing, and
shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Offered Securities.
SECTION 9. TERMINATION.
(a) The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated by the Depositor by notice
to the Representative in the event that a stop order suspending the
effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued or
proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or threatened.
(b) The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated by the Representative by
notice to the Depositor in the event that the Depositor shall have failed,
refused or been unable to perform all obligations and satisfy all conditions to
be performed or satisfied hereunder by the Depositor at or prior to the Closing
Date.
(c) Termination of the Underwriting Agreement pursuant to this Section 9
shall be without liability of any party to any other party other than as
provided in Sections 7 and 11 hereof.
SECTION 10. DEFAULT OF UNDERWRITERS. If any Underwriter or Underwriters
defaults or default in their obligation to purchase Offered Securities which it
or they have agreed to purchase under the Underwriting Agreement and the
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aggregate principal amount of the Offered Securities which such defaulting
Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase is ten percent or less
of the aggregate principal amount, notional amount or stated amount, as
applicable, of the Offered Securities to be sold under the Underwriting
Agreement, as the case may be, the other Underwriters shall be obligated
severally in proportion to their respective commitments under the Underwriting
Agreement to purchase the Offered Securities which such defaulting Underwriter
or Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase. If any Underwriter or
Underwriters so defaults or default and the aggregate principal amount of the
Offered Securities with respect to which such default or defaults occurs or
occur is more than ten percent of the aggregate principal amount, notional
amount or stated amount, as applicable, of Offered Securities to be sold under
the Underwriting Agreement, as the case may be, and arrangements satisfactory to
the Representative and the Depositor for the purchase of such Offered Securities
by other persons (who may include one or more of the non-defaulting Underwriters
including the Representative) are not made within 36 hours after any such
default, the Underwriting Agreement will terminate without liability on the part
of any non-defaulting Underwriters or the Depositor except for the expenses to
be paid or reimbursed by the Depositor pursuant to Section 11 hereof. As used in
the Underwriting Agreement, the term "Underwriter" includes any person
substituted for an Underwriter under this Section 10. Nothing herein shall
relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.
SECTION 11. EXPENSES. The Depositor agrees with the several Underwriters
that:
(a) whether or not the transactions contemplated in the Underwriting
Agreement are consummated or the Underwriting Agreement is terminated, the
Depositor will pay all fees and expenses incident to the performance of its
obligations under the Underwriting Agreement, including, but not limited to, (i)
the Commission's registration fee, (ii) the expenses of printing and
distributing the Underwriting Agreement and any related underwriting documents,
the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, any
amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, and
any Blue Sky memorandum or legal investment survey and any supplements thereto,
(iii) fees and expenses of rating agencies, accountants and counsel for the
Depositor, (iv) the expenses referred to in Section 5(e) hereof, and (v) all
miscellaneous expenses referred to in Item 30 of the Registration Statement;
(b) all out-of-pocket expenses, including counsel fees, disbursements and
expenses, reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in connection with
investigating, preparing to market and marketing the Offered Securities and
proposing to purchase and purchasing the Offered Securities under the
Underwriting Agreement will be borne and paid by the Depositor if the
Underwriting Agreement is terminated by the Depositor pursuant to Section 9(a)
hereof or by the Representative on account of the failure, refusal or inability
on the part of the Depositor to perform all obligations and satisfy all
conditions on the part of the Depositor to be performed or satisfied hereunder;
and
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(c) the Depositor will pay the cost of preparing the certificates for the
Offered Securities.
Except as otherwise provided in this Section 11, the Underwriters agree to
pay all of their expenses in connection with investigating, preparing to market
and marketing the Offered Securities and proposing to purchase and purchasing
the Offered Securities under the Underwriting Agreement, including the fees and
expenses of their counsel and any advertising expenses incurred by them in
making offers and sales of the Offered Securities.
SECTION 12. NOTICES. All communications under the Underwriting Agreement
shall be in writing and, if sent to the Underwriters, shall be mailed, delivered
or telegraphed and confirmed to the Representative at the address and to the
attention of the person specified in the Underwriting Agreement, and, if sent to
the Depositor, shall be mailed, delivered or telegraphed and confirmed to
Prudential Securities Secured Financing Corporation, 000 Xxxxx Xxxxxx, 00xx
Xxxxx, Xxx Xxxx, Xxx Xxxx 00000, Attention: Director-Mortgage Finance Group;
provided, however, that any notice to any Underwriter pursuant to the
Underwriting Agreement shall be mailed, delivered or telegraphed and confirmed
to such Underwriter at the address furnished by it.
SECTION 13. REPRESENTATIVE OF UNDERWRITERS. Any Representative identified
in the Underwriting Agreement will act for the Underwriters of the Offered
Securities and any action taken by the Representative under the Underwriting
Agreement will be binding upon all of such Underwriters.
SECTION 14. SUCCESSORS. The Underwriting Agreement shall inure to the
benefit of and shall be binding upon the several Underwriters and the Depositor
and their respective successors and legal representatives, and nothing expressed
or mentioned herein or in the Underwriting Agreement is intended or shall be
construed to give any other person any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim
under or in respect of the Underwriting Agreement, or any provisions herein
contained, the Underwriting Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof
being intended to be and being for the sole and exclusive benefit of such
persons and for the benefit of no other person except that (i) the
representations and warranties of the Depositor contained herein or in the
Underwriting Agreement shall also be for the benefit of any person or persons
who controls or control any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the
1933 Act, and (ii) the indemnities by the several Underwriters shall also be for
the benefit of the directors of the Depositor, the officers of the Depositor who
have signed the Registration Statement and any person or persons who control the
Depositor within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act. No purchaser of the
Offered Securities from any Underwriter shall be deemed a successor because of
such purchase. This Agreement and each Underwriting Agreement may be executed in
two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of
which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
SECTION 15. TIME OF THE ESSENCE. Time shall be of the essence of each
Underwriting Agreement.
17
SECTION 16. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement and each Underwriting Agreement
shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of
New York.
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If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and
return two counterparts hereof.
Very truly yours,
PRUDENTIAL SECURITIES SECURED
FINANCING CORPORATION
By: /s/ Xxx Xxxx
------------------
Xxx Xxxx
Vice President
Accepted as of the date hereof:
PRUDENTIAL SECURITIES INCORPORATED
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
--------------------------
Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Vice President
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