This Joint Filing Agreement confirms the agreement by and among the undersigned that the Schedule 13G is filed on behalf of (i) each member of the group identified in Item 8 and (ii) the other reporting person(s) identified in Item 6 that may be...

This Joint Filing Agreement confirms the agreement by and among the
undersigned that the Schedule 13G is filed on behalf of (i) each member of the
group identified in Item 8 and (ii) the other reporting person(s) identified in
Item 6 that may be deemed to beneficially own more than five percent of the
issuer's outstanding equity securities.

         Xxxx Xxxxx Capital Management, Inc.


         By__/s/ Xxxxxx X. Bowden_____________________
             Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxx, Senior Vice President

         LMM LLC


         By__/s/ Xxxxxxxx Murphy_______________________
             Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Chief Operations Officer


         Xxxx Xxxxx Value Trust, Inc.


         By__/s/ Xxxxxxx X. Merz_______________________
             Xxxxxxx X. Xxxx, Vice President