Joint Filing Agreement

                                                                Exhibit 7.1

                             Joint Filing Agreement

          The undersigned hereby agree that the Statement on Schedule 13D to
which this Joint Filing Agreement is attached as Exhibit 7.1, is filed on behalf
of each of us.

Date:     August 4, 1999

                                         Gold & Xxxxx Transfer, S.A.,
                                         a British Virgin Islands corporation


                                      By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                          ----------------------------------
                                          Xxxx Xxxxxxxx, Attorney-in-Fact for
                                          Gold & Xxxxx Transfer, S.A.

                                         /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
                                          ----------------------------------
                                          Xxxx Xxxxxxxx