EXECUTION COPY
AMENDED AND RESTATED
OPERATING AGREEMENT
OF
LSAT ASTRO LLC
MARCH 16, 2000
THE OWNERSHIP INTERESTS IN THIS LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY HAVE NOT BEEN
REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR STATE SECURITIES
AUTHORITIES AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND ANY
APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL ACCEPTABLE TO THE
COMPANY THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED. THE SALE OR OTHER TRANSFER OF THE
OWNERSHIP INTERESTS IS ALSO RESTRICTED BY PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ARTICLE 1: FORMATION AND DEFINITIONS.....................................................................2
1.1 Formation...................................................................................2
1.2 Name........................................................................................2
1.3 Members and Ownership Interests.............................................................2
1.4 Office and Agent............................................................................2
1.5 Foreign Qualification.......................................................................2
1.6 Term........................................................................................2
1.7 Definitions.................................................................................2
ARTICLE 2: PURPOSES AND POWERS..........................................................................8
2.1 Principal Purpose...........................................................................8
2.2 Other Purposes..............................................................................8
2.3 Powers......................................................................................8
ARTICLE 3: CAPITAL OF THE COMPANY.......................................................................8
3.1 Initial Capital Accounts....................................................................9
3.2 Additional Contributions....................................................................9
3.3 Capital Accounts...........................................................................10
3.4 Transfer...................................................................................11
3.5 Adjustments................................................................................11
3.6 Market Value Adjustments...................................................................11
3.7 No Withdrawal of Capital...................................................................11
3.8 No Interest on Capital.....................................................................11
3.9 No Drawing Accounts........................................................................12
ARTICLE 4: PROFITS AND LOSSES..........................................................................12
4.1 Determination..............................................................................12
4.2 Allocation of Profits and Losses Generally.................................................12
4.3 Nonrecourse Deductions.....................................................................13
4.4 Minimum Gain Chargeback....................................................................13
4.5 Gain Chargeback............................................................................13
4.6 Tax Allocations............................................................................13
4.7 Qualified Income Offset....................................................................14
4.8 Limit on Loss Allocations..................................................................14
4.9 Section 754 Adjustments....................................................................14
4.10 Contributed Property.......................................................................14
4.11 Tax Credits................................................................................14
4.12 Allocation on Transfer.....................................................................15
4.13 Tier Partnerships..........................................................................15
ARTICLE 5: DISTRIBUTIONS...............................................................................15
5.1 Distributions Generally....................................................................15
5.2 Payment....................................................................................15
5.3 Withholding................................................................................15
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5.4 Distribution Limitations...................................................................16
ARTICLE 6: MANAGEMENT..................................................................................16
6.1 Management.................................................................................16
6.2 Actions Requiring Concurrence of Both the LSAT Member and the
LMC Member.................................................................................17
6.3 Other Matters..............................................................................18
6.4 Member Representatives.....................................................................18
6.5 No Dissolution, Resignation or Retirement..................................................18
6.6 Officers...................................................................................18
6.7 Financial Information......................................................................19
6.8 Management Conduct.........................................................................19
6.9 Unauthorized Actions.......................................................................19
ARTICLE 7: MEETINGS OF MEMBERS........................................................................20
7.1 Meetings...................................................................................20
7.2 Waiver of Notice...........................................................................20
7.3 Record Date................................................................................20
7.4 Quorum.....................................................................................20
7.5 Manner of Acting...........................................................................20
7.6 Proxies....................................................................................20
7.7 Meetings by Telephone......................................................................21
7.8 Action Without a Meeting...................................................................21
ARTICLE 8: LIABILITY OF A MEMBER......................................................................21
8.1 Limited Liability..........................................................................21
8.2 Capital Contribution.......................................................................21
8.3 Capital Return.............................................................................21
8.4 Reliance...................................................................................21
ARTICLE 9: INDEMNIFICATION............................................................................22
9.1 General....................................................................................22
9.2 Exception..................................................................................22
9.3 Expense Advancement........................................................................22
9.4 Insurance..................................................................................23
9.5 Indemnification of Others..................................................................23
9.6 Exculpation................................................................................23
ARTICLE 10: ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING................................................................23
10.1 Fiscal Year................................................................................23
10.2 Accounting Method..........................................................................23
10.3 Tax Elections..............................................................................23
10.4 Returns....................................................................................23
10.5 Financial Reports..........................................................................24
10.6 Books and Records..........................................................................24
10.7 Information................................................................................24
10.8 Banking....................................................................................25
10.9 Tax Matters; Tax Matters Partner...........................................................25
10.10 Classification of Company as Partnership for Tax Purposes, Not State Law...................25
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ARTICLE 11: DISSOLUTION...............................................................................26
11.1 Dissolution................................................................................26
11.2 Events of Withdrawal.......................................................................26
11.3 Continuation...............................................................................27
ARTICLE 12: LIQUIDATION...............................................................................27
12.1 Liquidation................................................................................27
12.2 Tax Termination............................................................................27
12.3 Priority of Payment........................................................................27
12.4 Liquidating Distributions..................................................................28
12.5 No Restoration Obligation..................................................................28
12.6 Timing.....................................................................................28
12.7 Liquidating Reports........................................................................29
12.8 Certificate of Cancellation................................................................29
ARTICLE 13: TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS.....................................................................29
13.1 General Restriction........................................................................29
13.2 No Member Rights...........................................................................29
13.3 Permitted Transferees......................................................................29
13.4 General Conditions on Transfers............................................................29
13.5 Rights of Transferees......................................................................31
13.6 Admission..................................................................................31
13.7 Security Interest..........................................................................31
ARTICLE 14: CERTAIN BUSINESS MATTERS..................................................................32
14.1 Other Business Activities of Members.......................................................32
14.2 Determination of Fair Market Value...........................................................32
ARTICLE 15: GENERAL PROVISIONS.........................................................................33
15.1 Amendment..................................................................................33
15.2 Representations............................................................................33
15.3 Unregistered Interests.....................................................................34
15.4 Waiver of Alternative Withdrawal Rights....................................................34
15.5 Waiver of Partition Right..................................................................34
15.6 Waivers Generally..........................................................................34
15.7 Equitable Relief...........................................................................34
15.8 Remedies for Breach........................................................................35
15.9 Costs......................................................................................35
15.10 Indemnification............................................................................35
15.11 Counterparts...............................................................................35
15.12 Notice.....................................................................................35
15.13 Deemed Notice..............................................................................35
15.14 Partial Invalidity.........................................................................35
15.15 Entire Agreement...........................................................................36
15.16 Benefit....................................................................................36
15.17 Binding Effect.............................................................................36
15.18 Further Assurances.........................................................................36
15.19 Headings...................................................................................36
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15.20 Terms......................................................................................36
15.21 Governing Law; Forum.......................................................................36
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AMENDED AND RESTATED
OPERATING AGREEMENT
OF
LSAT ASTRO LLC
This AMENDED AND RESTATED OPERATING AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is made as of
the 16th day of May, 2000 (the "Effective Date"), by and between LIBERTY
SATELLITE, LLC and TSAT HOLDING 2, INC., such parties being the Members of LSAT
ASTRO LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the "Company"), as of the
Effective Date.
RECITALS:
A. The Company was formed on August 16, 1999 pursuant to the Act (as defined
below), and the Certificate of Formation was amended by a Certificate of
Amendment changing its name to LSAT Astro LLC on December 7, 1999. The initial
Member of the Company was Liberty Astro, Inc., and immediately prior to the
Effective Date, Liberty Astro, Inc. owned all of the Ownership Interests in the
Company.
B. Prior to the Effective Date, Liberty Astro, Inc. made total Capital
Contributions to the Company of $425 million in cash.
C. On the Effective Date, the following transfers of Ownership Interests
(collectively, the "Pre-Effective Date Transfers") occurred in the following
sequence and chronological order:
1. Liberty Astro, Inc. transferred a 13.99% Ownership Interest in the
Company to its parent, Liberty Media Corporation, as an equity
distribution;
2. Liberty Astro, Inc. transferred its remaining 86.01% Ownership
Interest in the Company to Liberty Satellite, LLC, as a capital
contribution, in exchange for a 51.30% interest in Liberty Satellite,
LLC;
3. Liberty Media Corporation transferred its 13.99% Ownership Interest in
the Company to TCI Satellite Entertainment, Inc. in exchange for a
note in the principal amount of $60 million issued by TCI Satellite
Entertainment, Inc.; and
4. TCI Satellite Entertainment, Inc. transferred its 13.99% Ownership
Interest in the Company to its wholly owned subsidiary, TSAT Holding
2, Inc., as a capital contribution.
D. In connection with the Pre-Effective Date Transfers of Ownership Interests in
the Company, the parties hereto desire to amend and restate the Operating
Agreement of LSAT Astro LLC.
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In consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement and
intending to be legally bound, the parties agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1: FORMATION AND DEFINITIONS
1.1 FORMATION. The Company was formed on August 16, 1999 (the "Formation Date"),
by the filing with the Delaware Secretary of State of a Certificate of Formation
pursuant to the Act, and the Certificate of Formation was amended by a
Certificate of Amendment changing its name to LSAT Astro LLC on December 7,
1999.
1.2 NAME. The name of the Company is LSAT ASTRO LLC. The business of the Company
will be conducted under such name, and any other name or names as the Company
may from time to time determine.
1.3 MEMBERS AND OWNERSHIP INTERESTS. The name and address of each Member and its
Ownership Interest as of the Effective Date after the Pre-Effective Date
Transfers occurred are set forth in Schedule 1.3.
1.4 OFFICE AND AGENT.
(a) The registered office of the Company in Delaware is at 0000 Xxxxxx Xxxx,
Xxxxxxxxxx, XX 00000-0000, and its registered agent is Corporation Service
Company. The Company may change its registered office or registered agent in
Delaware in accordance with the Act.
(b) The principal office of the Company as of the Effective Date is 0000 Xxxx
Xxxxxxx Xxxx, Xxxxx 000 Xxxxx, Xxxxxxxxx, XX 00000. The Company may change its
principal office upon the unanimous Vote of the Members.
1.5 FOREIGN QUALIFICATION. The Company will apply for a certificate of authority
to do business in any other state or jurisdiction, as required or appropriate
from time to time, and will file such other certificates and instruments as may
be required or appropriate from time to time in connection with its formation,
existence and operation.
1.6 TERM. This Agreement will be effective as of the Effective Date and will
continue in effect thereafter, unless and until the Certificate is cancelled in
accordance with the Act or this Agreement is replaced by a new agreement of the
Members.
1.7 DEFINITIONS. The following terms used in this Agreement have the
corresponding meanings set forth below:
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Act: the Delaware Limited Liability Company
Act, as amended from time to time.
Additional Contribution: a Capital Contribution that a Member
makes to the Company, as described in
3.2.
Adjusted Capital Account Deficit: as to any Member, the deficit balance
(if any) in such Member's Capital
Account as of the end of the Fiscal
Year, after (a) crediting to such
Capital Account any amount that such
Member is obligated to restore pursuant
to this Agreement or is deemed obligated
to restore pursuant to the minimum gain
chargeback provisions of the Section 704(b)
Regulations and (b) charging to such
Capital Account any adjustments,
allocations or Distributions described
in the qualified income offset
provisions of the Section 704(b) Regulations
that are required to be charged to such
Capital Account pursuant to this
Agreement.
Affiliate: with respect to any Person, any Person
that directly or indirectly Controls, is
Controlled by, or is under common
Control with such Person; provided that,
for purposes of this Agreement only,
LSAT and its Controlled Affiliates will
not be deemed to be Affiliates of LMC.
Agreement: this Operating Agreement, also known
as a limited liability company agreement
under the Act, as amended from time to
time.
Astrolink Operating Agreement: the Amended and Restated Limited
Liability Company Agreement of Astrolink
International LLC, dated as of
December 13, 1999, as amended from time
to time.
Astrolink Option Rights: as defined in 3.2(b).
Available Cash: all cash distributed to the
Company by Astrolink International LLC
less (a) the current portion of
indebtedness of the Company, (b)
payments required to be paid by the
Company within one year after the date
of calculation and (c) reasonable
reserves for working capital and
contingent liabilities of the Company as
determined by the Managing Member.
Bankruptcy: of a Member means the occurrence of any
of the following:
(a) the filing by such Member of a
voluntary petition in bankruptcy;
(b) the making by such Member of a
general assignment for the
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benefit of creditors;
(c) the adjudication of such Member as
bankrupt or insolvent, or the entry of
an order, judgment or decree by any
court of competent jurisdiction,
granting relief against such Member in
any bankruptcy or insolvency Proceeding;
(d) the filing by such Member of a
petition or answer seeking for such
Member any reorganization, arrangement,
composition, readjustment, liquidation,
dissolution or similar relief under any
statute, law or regulation;
(e) the filing by such Member of an
answer or other pleading admitting or
failing to contest the material
allegations of a petition filed against
such Member in any Proceeding for
reorganization, arrangement,
composition, readjustment, liquidation,
dissolution or similar Proceeding under
any statute, law or regulation;
(f) the valid appointment, with the
consent of such Member, of a receiver,
trustee or liquidator to administer all
or a substantial portion of such
Member's assets or its Ownership
Interest; or
(g) the valid appointment, without the
consent of such Member, of a receiver,
trustee or liquidator to administer all
or a substantial portion of such
Member's assets or its Ownership
Interest, if such appointment is not
vacated or stayed within 90 days after
such appointment.
The foregoing definition of "Bankruptcy"
is intended to, and shall, replace and
supersede the events of bankruptcy set
forth in Section 18-304 of the Act.
Business Day: any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday
or a day on which banking institutions
in Denver, Colorado, or New York, New
York are required or authorized to be
closed.
Capital Account: the capital account of a Member
established and maintained in accordance
with 3.3.
Capital Contribution: with respect to each Member, the initial
Capital Account balance of such Member
as set forth on Schedule 3.1 and any
contribution of money or property by a
Member to the Company that is an
Additional Contribution.
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Certificate: the Certificate of Formation referred to
in 1.1, as amended from time to time.
CEO: as defined in 6.6(a).
CFO: as defined in 6.6(a).
Code: the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended from time to time, and the
corresponding provisions of any
subsequent revenue laws.
Company: the limited liability company formed
under the Certificate and governed by
this Agreement.
Control: the possession, direct or indirect, of
the power to direct or cause the
direction of the management and policies
of a Person, whether through the
ownership of voting securities, by
contract or otherwise.
Controlled Affiliate: with respect to any Person, an Affiliate
of such Person that such Person
Controls.
COO: as defined in 6.6(a).
Dissolution: the happening of any of the events
described in 11.1.
Distribution: the amount of any money or the Fair
Market Value of any property distributed
by the Company to a Member as an
operating or liquidating Distribution in
accordance with this Agreement, reduced
by the amount of any Company liabilities
assumed by the distributee or to which
the distributed property is subject.
Effective Date: as defined in the Preamble.
Exercise Amount: as defined in 3.2(b).
Exercise Date: as defined in 3.2(b)
Exercise Notice: as defined in 3.2(b).
Fair Market Value: the cash price at which a willing seller
would sell and a willing buyer would
buy, both having full knowledge of the
relevant facts and being under no
compulsion to buy or sell, in an
arm's-length transaction without time
constraints. Except as otherwise
expressly provided in this Agreement,
the Fair Market Value of any item will
be determined in accordance with 14.2.
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Fiscal Year: the fiscal and taxable year of the
Company, including both 12-month and
short fiscal or taxable years; until
changed as provided in this Agreement,
each Fiscal Year will begin on January 1
of each year and end on December 31 of
such year, provided that the first
Fiscal Year began on the Formation Date
and the last Fiscal Year will end on the
date on which Liquidation of the Company
is completed.
Formation Date: as defined in 1.1.
GAAP: generally accepted accounting principles
as in effect from time to time in the
United States of America.
Indemnified Persons: as defined in 9.1.
Interest Certificate: as defined in 15.22(a).
Lien: a mortgage, lien, pledge, security
interest or other encumbrance.
Liquidation: the process of winding up and
terminating the Company after its
Dissolution.
LMC: Liberty Media Corporation.
LMC Member: Liberty Satellite, LLC, and any
successor to or Permitted Transferee of
the LMC Member who is admitted as a
Member pursuant to Article 13; provided
that if the LMC Member Transfers less
than 100% of its Ownership Interest to
one or more Permitted Transferees, then
the LMC Member and all of its Permitted
Transferees will be treated as one
Member on a combined basis for all
purposes under this Agreement and will
be referred to in the aggregate as the
LMC Member.
Losses: as defined in 4.1.
LSAT: TCI Satellite Entertainment, Inc.
LSAT Member: TSAT Holding 2, Inc. and any successor
to or Permitted Transferee of the LSAT
Member who is admitted as a Member
pursuant to Article 13; provided that if
the LSAT Member Transfers less than 100%
of its Ownership Interest to one or more
Permitted Transferees, then the LSAT
Member and all of its Permitted
Transferees will be treated as one
Member on a combined basis for all
purposes under this Agreement and will
be referred to in the aggregate as the
LSAT Member.
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Managing Member: as defined in 6.1(a).
Member: a member of the Company as listed in
Schedule 1.3 and any other Person
subsequently admitted to the Company as
an additional or substitute member in
accordance with this Agreement.
Notice: any written notice actually delivered or
deemed delivered pursuant to 15.13.
Ownership Interest: with respect to each Person owning a
limited liability company interest in
the Company, all the limited liability
company interests of such Person in the
Company (including an interest in the
Profits and Losses of the Company, a
Capital Account interest and all other
rights and obligations of such Person
under this Agreement) expressed as a
percentage based on such Person's pro
rata share of the total Capital
Contributions to the Company, as set
forth in Schedule 1.3 as of the
Effective Date and as subsequently
adjusted in accordance with this
Agreement.
Permitted Transferee: a Person described in 13.3 to whom an
Ownership Interest may be Transferred.
Person: a natural person, corporation,
partnership, limited liability company,
trust, unincorporated organization,
association or other entity.
Portfolio Company: a Person in whom the Company has made an
equity or convertible debt investment.
Pre-Effective Date Transfers: as defined in Recital C.
Proceeding: any threatened, pending, ongoing, or
completed action, suit or proceeding,
whether formal or informal, and whether
civil, administrative, investigative or
criminal.
Profits: as defined in 4.1.
Regulations: the Treasury Regulations (including
temporary or proposed regulations)
promulgated under the Code, as amended
from time to time (including
corresponding provisions of succeeding
regulations).
Representative: as defined in 6.4.
Tax Matters Partner: as defined in 10.9.
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Transfer: a sale, exchange, assignment, transfer
or other disposition of all or any part
of an Ownership Interest (other than the
creation of a Lien on all or any part of
an Ownership Interest), whether
voluntary, involuntary or by operation
of law.
Transferee: a Person to whom an Ownership Interest
is Transferred in compliance with this
Agreement and who will have the rights
specified in 13.5 of this Agreement.
Transferor: a Person who Transfers all or any part
of an Ownership Interest in compliance
with this Agreement.
Vote: the action of the Members made in
accordance with the voting requirements
set forth in Article 6, or any other
applicable provision of this Agreement,
either in meeting assembled or by
written consent without a meeting.
Withdrawal: the occurrence of an event that
terminates a Person's membership in the
Company, as provided in 11.2.
ARTICLE 2: PURPOSES AND POWERS
2.1 PRINCIPAL PURPOSE. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the business
and principal purpose of the Company is to (a) hold an ownership interest in
Astrolink International LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and (b) do
any and all other acts or things that may be incidental or necessary to carry on
the business of the Company as contemplated by this Agreement.
2.2 OTHER PURPOSES. The Company may engage in activities related or incidental
to its principal purpose, as well as any other business or investment activity
as may be approved by the affirmative Vote of all Members. However, as provided
in the Act, the Company may not engage in the business of granting policies of
insurance, assuming insurance risks, issuing debt instruments for circulation as
money or receiving deposits of money.
2.3 POWERS. The Company has all the powers granted to a limited liability
company under the Act, as well as all powers necessary or convenient to achieve
its purposes and to further its business that are not expressly prohibited to
the Company by applicable law.
ARTICLE 3: CAPITAL OF THE COMPANY
3.1 INITIAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTS. The balance of each Member's Capital Account as of
the Effective Date after the Pre-Effective Date Transfers occurred is set forth
in Schedule 3.1.
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3.2 ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS.
(a) Except as required by this Agreement or law, no Member will be required to
make any Additional Contributions.
(b) Pursuant to Article 4.1(d)(i) of the Astrolink Operating Agreement, the
Company has the right at specified times to acquire up to 2,600,000 additional
Class A Units of Astrolink International LLC. Pursuant to Article 8 of the
Astrolink Operating Agreement, the Company has the right, under certain
circumstances, to (i) exercise preemptive rights to acquire additional units of
Astrolink International LLC and (ii) purchase additional units of Astrolink
International LLC from any other member of Astrolink International LLC who
proposes to make a voluntary transfer of its units or whose units are subject to
involuntary transfer. The rights of the Company described in the preceding two
sentences are referred to in the Agreement individually as an "Astrolink Option
Right," and collectively as the "Astrolink Option Rights." The Managing Member
will cause the Company to give Notice to each Member at the time any Astrolink
Option Right arises stating (i) the nature of the Astrolink Option Right
available to the Company, (ii) the amount of cash that the Company would require
to exercise the particular Astrolink Option Right (the "Exercise Amount") and
(iii) the date on which the Company is required to exercise the particular
Astrolink Option Right in accordance with the terms of the Astrolink Operating
Agreement (the "Exercise Date"). Each of the LMC Member and the LSAT Member will
have the authority to direct the Company to exercise any Astrolink Option Right
according to the procedures set forth in this 3.2(b). If either the LMC Member
or the LSAT Member desires to direct the Company to exercise any Astrolink
Option Right, it will give Notice to the Company and the other Member (an
"Exercise Notice") at least ten Business Days prior to the Exercise Date. Each
of the LMC Member and the LSAT Member will have the right, but not the
obligation, to make an Additional Contribution equal to its pro rata share
(based on the Members' respective percentage Ownership Interests on the date of
the Exercise Notice) of the Exercise Amount. To the extent that either the LMC
Member or the LSAT Member fails to contribute its pro rata share of the Exercise
Amount to the Company within two Business Days prior to the Exercise Date, the
non-contributing Member's right to make such Additional Contribution shall
terminate, the Company shall immediately give Notice to the other Member of the
amount that such non-contributing Member failed to contribute, and the other
Member may (in addition to contributing its pro rata share of the Exercise
Amount) either make a loan to the Company or make an Additional Contribution, in
each case in an amount equal to the amount that the non-contributing Member
failed to contribute. If such contributing Member elects to make a loan to the
Company, such loan shall be evidenced by the issuance of an unsecured promissory
note in the form of EXHIBIT C.
(c) With respect to Additional Contributions for purposes other than those set
forth in 3.2(b) and subject in any case to the prior approval, by Vote, of
Members holding in the aggregate a majority of the Ownership Interests of the
Company, each of the LMC Member and the LSAT Member shall have the right, but
not the obligation, to make one or more Additional Contributions. If either the
LMC Member or the LSAT Member elects to make an Additional Contribution pursuant
to this 3.2(c), the other such Member shall have the right, but not the
obligation, exercisable by written Notice to the Company and such other Member
within 30 days after any such Additional
9
Contribution (and without the requirement of a separate Vote pursuant to the
first sentence of this 3.2(c)), to make such Additional Contribution as shall be
necessary to cause the respective aggregate Capital Contributions of the LMC
Member and the LSAT Member to remain in proportion to their respective Ownership
Interests as in effect immediately prior to such Additional Contribution that
gave rise to such right.
(d) Any Additional Contribution under 3.2(b) shall be in the form of cash and
any Additional Contribution under 3.2(c) shall be in the form of cash or, with
the prior approval, by Vote, of Members holding in the aggregate a majority of
the Ownership Interests of the Company, any other property, valued at the Fair
Market Value of such other property determined in accordance with 14.2. In
addition, in the case of any Additional Contribution pursuant to the second
sentence of 3.2(c), the LMC Member or the LSAT Member, as applicable, may make
such Additional Contribution in the form of an unsecured promissory note of such
Member, payable on demand or for a term of not more than 12 months, with a
market rate of interest (payable at maturity or sooner).
(e) Subject to 3.2(b), upon the receipt by the Company of any Additional
Contribution pursuant to this 3.2, the respective Ownership Interests of the
Members shall be appropriately adjusted so that the Ownership Interest of each
Member is equal to the ratio (expressed as a percentage) that the aggregate
Capital Contributions of such Member bear to the aggregate Capital Contributions
of all Members.
(f) The provisions of this 3.2 are intended solely to benefit the Members and,
to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, shall not be construed as
conferring any benefit upon any creditor of the Company (and no such creditor
shall be a third party beneficiary of this Agreement), and no Member shall have
any duty or obligation to any creditor of the Company to make any Additional
Contributions.
3.3 CAPITAL ACCOUNTS. A Capital Account will be maintained for each Member
and credited, charged and otherwise adjusted as required by Section 704(b) of
the Code and the Section 704(b) Regulations. Each Member's Capital Account
will include the amount set forth opposite such Member's name on Schedule 3.1
and will be:
(a) Credited with (i) the amount of money contributed by the Member as an
Additional Contribution, (ii) the Fair Market Value of assets contributed by
the Member as an Additional Contribution (net of liabilities that the Company
assumes or takes subject to), (iii) the Member's allocable share of Profits
and (iv) all other items properly credited to such Capital Account as
required by the Section 704(b) Regulations;
(b) Charged with (i) the amount of money distributed to the Member by the
Company, (ii) the Fair Market Value of assets distributed to the Member by the
Company (net of liabilities that the Member assumes or takes subject to), (iii)
the Member's allocable share of Losses and (iv) all other items properly charged
to such Capital Account as required by the Section 704(b) Regulations; and
(c) Otherwise adjusted as required by the Section 704(b) Regulations.
10
Any unrealized appreciation or depreciation with respect to any asset
distributed in kind will be allocated among the Members in accordance with the
provisions of Article 4 as though such asset had been sold for its Fair Market
Value on the date of Distribution and the Members' Capital Accounts will be
adjusted to reflect both the deemed realization of such appreciation or
depreciation and the Distribution of such property.
The foregoing provisions and the other provisions of this Agreement relating
to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with the
Section 704(b) Regulations and will be interpreted and applied in a manner
consistent with such Regulations and any amendment or successor provision
thereto. The Members will cause appropriate modifications to be made if
unanticipated events might otherwise cause this Agreement not to comply with
the Section 704(b) Regulations, so long as such modifications do not cause a
material change in the relative economic benefits of the Members under this
Agreement.
3.4 TRANSFER. If all or any part of an Ownership Interest is Transferred in
accordance with this Agreement, the Capital Account of the Transferor that is
attributable to the Transferred Ownership Interest will carry over to the
Transferee.
3.5 ADJUSTMENTS. The Members intend to comply with the Section 704(b)
Regulations in all respects, and the Capital Accounts of the Members will be
adjusted to the full extent that the Section 704(b) Regulations may apply
(including applying the concepts of qualified income offsets and minimum gain
chargebacks).
3.6 MARKET VALUE ADJUSTMENTS. Appropriate Capital Account adjustments will be
made upon any Transfer of an Ownership Interest, including those that apply
upon the constructive liquidation of the Company under Section 708(b) of the
Code, all in accordance with the Section 704(b) Regulations. Similarly, if
optional basis adjustments are made under Section 734 or Section 743 of the
Code, appropriate Capital Account adjustments will be made as required by the
Section 704(b) Regulations.
3.7 NO WITHDRAWAL OF CAPITAL. Except as specifically provided in this Agreement,
no Member will be entitled to withdraw all or any part of its Capital
Contribution from the Company prior to the Company's Dissolution and Liquidation
or, when such withdrawal of capital is permitted, to demand a Distribution of
property other than money or as otherwise provided in this Agreement.
3.8 NO INTEREST ON CAPITAL. No Member will be entitled to receive interest on
such Person's Capital Account or Capital Contribution.
3.9 NO DRAWING ACCOUNTS. The Company will not maintain a drawing account for any
Member. All Distributions to Members will be governed by Article 5 (relating to
Distributions not in Liquidation of the Company) and by Article 12 (relating to
Liquidation).
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ARTICLE 4: PROFITS AND LOSSES
4.1 DETERMINATION. The terms "Profits" and "Losses" mean, respectively, the
net profits and losses of the Company determined for each Fiscal Year in
accordance with the method of accounting adopted by the Company for federal
income tax purposes, except that such net profit or loss will be determined
(a) by including as an item of income any income that is exempt from
taxation, (b) by deducting as an expense any expenditure of the Company not
deductible in computing its taxable income and not properly chargeable to any
Capital Account, or deemed not deductible in computing its taxable income and
not properly chargeable to any Capital Account in accordance with the Section
704(b) Regulations and (c) by calculating the gain, loss, depreciation and
amortization on property that is reflected in the Capital Accounts at a book
basis different from the basis of such property for federal income tax
purposes based on the book basis of such property in accordance with the
Section 704(b) Regulations. Any allocation of Profits or Losses will be
considered a pro rata allocation of each item entering into the computation
of Profits and Losses.
4.2 ALLOCATION OF PROFITS AND LOSSES GENERALLY. Except as provided in 4.3
through 4.13, Profits or Losses, as the case may be, for each Fiscal Year will
be allocated as follows:
(a) Profits will be allocated:
(i) first, to the Members to the extent of, and in proportion to, Losses
previously allocated to the Members pursuant to 4.2(b)(i) (and not
previously offset by an allocation pursuant to this 4.2(a)(i));
(ii) second, to the Members to the extent of, and in proportion to, Losses
previously allocated to such Members pursuant to 4.2(b)(iii) (and not
previously offset by an allocation pursuant to this 4.2(a)(ii)); and
(iii) thereafter, to the Members in proportion to their Ownership
Interests.
(b) Losses will be allocated:
(i) first, an amount equal to 99% of the Losses to the LMC Member and an
amount equal to 1% of the Losses to the LSAT Member;
(ii) second, to the Members to the extent of, and in proportion to, Profits
previously allocated to such Members pursuant to 4.2(a)(iii) (and not
previously offset by an allocation pursuant to this 4.2(b)(ii)); and
(iii) thereafter, to the Members in proportion to their Ownership
Interests.
4.3 NONRECOURSE DEDUCTIONS. Losses attributable to any Company nonrecourse
liability (for which no Member or related Person (within the meaning of the
Section 752 Regulations) bears the economic risk of loss) will be allocated
in the same manner as Losses are allocated pursuant to
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4.2(b), and Losses of the Company attributable to any Member nonrecourse
liability (that is nonrecourse to the Company, but for which one or more
Members or related Persons bear the economic risk of loss) will be allocated
in accordance with the Section 704(b) Regulations to those Members bearing
(or who, because of their relationship to Persons who bear such economic risk
of loss, are deemed to bear) the economic risk of loss for the liability. The
allocation of liabilities to a property, the determination of nonrecourse
deductions, the effect of property revaluations and all other issues
affecting the allocation of nonrecourse deductions will be determined in
accordance with the Section 704(b) Regulations.
4.4 MINIMUM GAIN CHARGEBACK. Notwithstanding the general rule on allocation of
Profits stated in 4.2(a), if there is a net decrease in Company minimum gain for
any Fiscal Year, each Member will be allocated items of Profits for such year
equal to such Member's share of the net decrease in Company minimum gain. If
there is a net decrease in Member nonrecourse debt minimum gain for any Fiscal
Year, each Member having a share of such minimum gain will be allocated items of
Profits equal to such Member's share of such net decrease in Company nonrecourse
debt minimum gain. The determination of net decreases in Company minimum gain
and Member nonrecourse debt minimum gain, allocations of such net decreases,
exceptions to minimum gain chargebacks and all other issues affecting the
minimum gain chargeback requirements will be determined in accordance with the
Section 704(b) Regulations.
4.5 GAIN CHARGEBACK. Notwithstanding the general rule on allocation of Profits
stated in 4.2(a) but subject to the prior application of the minimum gain
chargeback rule stated in 4.4, Profits of the Company incident to Dissolution
and Liquidation will be allocated among the Members in the following order and
priority: (a) if any Members have negative Capital Account balances, to such
Members in proportion to and to the extent of such negative balances until all
such negative balances are eliminated; (b) to the Members, to the extent
required to cause the Capital Accounts of the Members to be in proportion to
their respective Ownership Interests; and (c) the balance to the Members in
proportion to their Ownership Interests.
4.6 TAX ALLOCATIONS. Allocation of items of income, gain, loss and deduction of
the Company for federal income tax purposes for a Fiscal Year will be allocated,
as nearly as is practicable, in accordance with the manner in which such items
are reflected in the allocations of Profits and Losses among the Members for
such Fiscal Year. To the extent possible, principles identical to those that
apply to allocations for federal income tax purposes will apply for state and
local income tax purposes.
4.7 QUALIFIED INCOME OFFSET. Notwithstanding any other provision of this
Agreement to the contrary (except 4.4, which will be applied first), if in
any Fiscal Year or other period a Member unexpectedly receives an adjustment,
allocation or Distribution described in the qualified income offset
provisions of the Section 704(b) Regulations, such Member will be specially
allocated items of income in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate, to
the extent required by the Section 704(b) Regulations, the Adjusted Capital
Account Deficit of such Member as quickly as possible.
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4.8 LIMIT ON LOSS ALLOCATIONS. Notwithstanding the provisions of 4.2(b) or any
other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, Losses (or items thereof)
will not be allocated to a Member if such allocation would cause or increase a
Member's Adjusted Capital Account Deficit and will be reallocated to the other
Members in proportion to their Ownership Interests, subject to the limitations
of this 4.8.
4.9 SECTION 754 ADJUSTMENTs. To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax
basis of any Company asset under Section 734(b) or Section 743(b) of the Code
is required to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts under
the Section 704(b) Regulations, the amount of the adjustment to the Capital
Accounts will be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the
basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases the basis), and the
gain or loss will be specially allocated to the Members in a manner
consistent with the manner in which their Capital Accounts are required to be
adjusted under the Section 704(b) Regulations.
4.10 CONTRIBUTED PROPERTY. All items of gain, loss and deduction with respect
to property that is reflected in the Capital Accounts of the Members at a
basis different from such property's adjusted tax basis will be allocated,
solely for tax purposes, among the Members to take into account the variation
between the adjusted tax basis of the property and the basis reflected in the
Member's Capital Account according to the principles of the Section 704(c)
Regulations. For example, if there is built-in gain with respect to certain
property at the time of such property's contribution to the Company, upon the
Company's sale of that property the pre-contribution taxable gain (as
subsequently adjusted under the Section 704(c) Regulations during the period
such property was held by the Company) would be allocated to the contributing
Member (and such pre-contribution gain would not again create a Capital
Account adjustment because the property was credited to Capital Account upon
contribution at its Fair Market Value). Except as limited by the following
sentence, the allocation of tax items with respect to Section 704(c) property
to Members that do not reflect a basis difference with respect to such
property in their Capital Accounts will, to the extent possible, be equal to
the allocation of the corresponding book items made to such Members with
respect to such property. All tax allocations made under this 4.10 will be
made in accordance with Section 704(c) of the Code, and the method of making
such allocations will be determined by the LMC Member.
4.11 TAX CREDITS. To the extent that the federal income tax basis of an asset
is allocated to the Members in accordance with the Regulations promulgated
under Section 46 of the Code, any tax credit attributable to such tax basis
will be allocated to the Members in the same ratio as such tax basis. With
respect to any other tax credit, to the extent that a Company expenditure
gives rise to an allocation of loss or deduction, any tax credit attributable
to such expenditure will be allocated to the Members in the same ratio as
such loss or deduction. Consistent principles will apply in determining the
Members' interests in tax credits that arise from taxable or non-taxable
receipts of the Company. All allocations of tax credits will be made as of
the time such credit arises. Any recapture of a tax credit will be allocated,
to the extent possible, to the Members in the same manner as the tax credit
was allocated to them. Except as otherwise specifically provided in the
Section 704(b) Regulations (such as the adjustments required when there is an
upward or downward adjustment in the tax basis of investment credit
property), allocations of tax credits and their recapture will not be
reflected by any adjustment to Capital Accounts.
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4.12 ALLOCATION ON TRANSFER. If any Ownership Interest is Transferred during any
Fiscal Year of the Company (whether by liquidation of an Ownership Interest,
Transfer of all or part of an Ownership Interest or otherwise), the books of the
Company will be closed as of the effective date of Transfer. The Profits or
Losses attributed to the period from the first day of such Fiscal Year through
the effective date of Transfer will be allocated to the Transferor and the
Profits or Losses attributed to the period commencing on the day after the
effective date of Transfer will be allocated to the Transferee. In lieu of an
interim closing of the books of the Company and with the agreement of the
Transferor and the Transferee, the Company may allocate Profits and Losses for
such Fiscal Year between the Transferor and the Transferee based on a daily
proration of items for such Fiscal Year or any other reasonable method of
allocation (including an allocation of extraordinary Company items, as
determined by the Company, based on when such items are recognized for federal
income tax purposes).
4.13 TIER PARTNERSHIPS. Rules similar to those stated in this Article will apply
to the extent the Company is an owner of an interest in another Person that is
classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, all in accordance
with the Section 704(b) Regulations.
ARTICLE 5: DISTRIBUTIONS
5.1 DISTRIBUTIONS GENERALLY. Except for Distributions incident to the Company's
Dissolution and Liquidation (which will be governed by 12.4), Available Cash
will be distributed quarterly to the Members in accordance with their respective
Ownership Interests (or, if sooner, as soon as practically possible after
receipt by the Company of any distribution from Astrolink International LLC).
5.2 PAYMENT. All Distributions will be made to Members owning Ownership
Interests on the date of record, such date being the day immediately preceding
the date of Distribution, as reflected on the books of the Company.
5.3 WITHHOLDING. If required by the Code or by state or local law, the Company
will withhold any required amount from Distributions to a Member for payment to
the appropriate taxing authority. Any amount so withheld from a Member will be
treated as a Distribution by the Company to such Member. Each Member will timely
file any agreement that is required by any taxing authority in order to avoid
any withholding obligation that would otherwise be imposed on the Company.
5.4 DISTRIBUTION LIMITATIONS. Notwithstanding any other provision of this
Agreement, the Company will not make any Distribution to the Members if, after
the Distribution, the liabilities of the Company (other than liabilities to
Members on account of their Ownership Interests) would exceed the Fair Market
Value of the Company's assets. With respect to any property subject to a
liability for which the recourse of creditors is limited to the specific
property, such property will be included in assets only to the extent the
property's Fair Market Value exceeds its associated liability, and such
liability will be excluded from the Company's liabilities. Notwithstanding any
other
15
provision of this Agreement, the Company will not make a Distribution to any
Member if such Distribution would cause or increase any Member's Adjusted
Capital Account Deficit.
ARTICLE 6: MANAGEMENT
6.1 MANAGEMENT.
(a) The LMC Member and the LSAT Member, acting together, may designate any
Member as manager of the Company within the meaning of the Act (any Member so
designated, the "Managing Member"). The designation of a Managing Member shall
be effective immediately upon Notice of such designation to the Company, subject
to the acceptance of such designation by the Member so designated. If no
Managing Member has been designated at any time, all references in this
Agreement to the Managing Member shall mean and refer to the Members, acting
pursuant to the second sentence of 6.1(b), unless the context shall otherwise
require.
(b) If the LMC Member and the LSAT Member designate a Managing Member, the
Managing Member shall be the manager of the Company within the meaning of the
Act, and as such shall have the full power and authority of a manager under the
Act to manage the business and affairs of the Company, subject to the terms and
conditions of this Agreement. If no Managing Member has been designated at any
time, the management of the Company shall be vested in the Members, acting by
Vote in accordance with this Agreement. The Managing Member will cause the
Company to be managed and operated with the intent to maximize the long-term
value of the Company and the total return to the Members, as a whole, of their
investment in the Company, determined on a stand-alone basis.
(c) If at any time (i) LMC does not hold, directly or indirectly, capital stock
of LSAT which entitles it to exercise a majority of the combined voting power of
all outstanding capital stock of LSAT and (ii) the LMC Member holds a majority
of the Ownership Interests held by the Members, then the LMC Member shall have
the right, exercisable by written Notice to the Company, the Managing Member and
the LSAT Member at any time, to remove the Managing Member as manager of the
Company under the Act and this Agreement, with or without cause, effective
immediately (or at such other time as may be designated in such Notice). Any
Managing Member so removed as manager shall nevertheless continue as a Member of
the Company in accordance with this Agreement and the Act, and shall have all
the rights of a Member hereunder.
(d) The Managing Member may resign as Managing Member at any time, by written
Notice to the Company, the LMC Member and the LSAT Member; provided, that no
such resignation shall be effective on less than 60 days' prior written Notice
without the prior written consent of the LMC Member and the LSAT Member. Any
Managing Member that resigns as manager shall nevertheless continue as a Member
of the Company in accordance with this Agreement and the Act, and shall have all
the rights of a Member hereunder.
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(e) The LSAT Member shall be, and is hereby designated by all the Members as,
the initial Managing Member of the Company.
6.2 ACTIONS REQUIRING CONCURRENCE OF BOTH THE LSAT MEMBER AND THE LMC MEMBER. In
addition to any actions described elsewhere in this Agreement as requiring a
majority or unanimous Vote of, or approval by, the Members, the following
actions or decisions by the Company will be made only by the affirmative Vote of
the LSAT Member and the LMC Member, acting together:
(a) expansion of the Company's business beyond its principal purpose as set
forth in 2.1;
(b) appointment or removal of auditors of the Company, approval or adoption of
accounting principles applicable to the Company, and any change in the Fiscal
Year of the Company;
(c) any decision to distribute cash or other assets of the Company, except any
Distribution pursuant to Article 5 or Article 12;
(d) the admission of additional Members (except as provided in 13.3) or the
grant by the Company of any right to acquire any interest in the Company or any
profit participation, equity appreciation or similar right with respect to the
Company or any Portfolio Company;
(e) causing the Company to be characterized as an entity other than a
partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
(f) amendment of this Agreement or any other organizational document of the
Company or any Person directly or indirectly Controlled by the Company or in
which the Company has an interest directly or indirectly entitling it to vote on
such amendment; or
(g) any agreement by the Company to take any of the foregoing actions.
Notwithstanding this 6.2, Persons dealing with the Company are entitled to rely
conclusively on the power and authority of the Managing Member, whether or not
any Vote required by this 6.2 shall have been taken.
6.3 OTHER MATTERS. Unless otherwise restricted by a Vote of the Members, any
action not requiring a unanimous Vote will be deemed authorized by the Company
if such action is taken (a) by the Managing Member, or by an officer of the
Company or of the Managing Member in the ordinary course of business, or (b) in
the absence of a Managing Member, by majority Vote of the Members.
6.4 MEMBER REPRESENTATIVES. The LSAT Member and the LMC Member will each be
entitled to designate two individuals to act as such Member's duly authorized
representatives and agents (each a "Representative") for purposes of exercising
the Vote of such Member on any matter involving the Company. A Member will
designate its Representatives by Notice to each other Member and may change any
such designation at any time upon similar Notice.
17
6.5 NO DISSOLUTION, RESIGNATION OR RETIREMENT. No Member will voluntarily
dissolve, resign from or retire from the Company, except by a Transfer to a
Permitted Transferee or following Dissolution and Liquidation of the Company. If
any such voluntary dissolution, resignation or retirement occurs in
contravention of this Agreement, the withdrawing Member will, without further
act, become a Transferee of such Member's Ownership Interest (with the limited
rights of a Transferee as set forth in 13.5).
6.6 OFFICERS.
(a) The Managing Member will have the exclusive right to cause the Company to
appoint a chief executive officer ("CEO"), chief financial officer ("CFO"), and
chief operating officer ("COO"), if the Managing Member determines that such
officers are necessary in connection with the business and principal purpose of
the Company as set forth in 2.1. The CEO will have the authority to select such
other officers as may be necessary or desirable to carry out the day-to-day
management of the Company, such day-to-day management to be under the direction
of the Members and subject to their approval as provided in this Agreement.
Unless the Members decide otherwise, if the title of an officer is one commonly
used for officers of a business corporation formed under the Delaware General
Corporation Law, the assignment of such title shall constitute the delegation to
such Person of the authorities and duties that are normally associated with that
office.
(b) The Managing Member will have the right, in its sole discretion, to cause
the Company to terminate any CEO, CFO or COO.
(c) Appointment of a Person as an officer or agent of the Company will not, in
itself, create any contract rights relating to such appointment, or to any
employment or compensation of such Person by the Company. The officers of the
Company, acting in their capacities as such, will be agents acting on behalf of
the Company as principal.
6.7 FINANCIAL INFORMATION. The Managing Member will require the appropriate
officers and employees of the Company to prepare and deliver to the Members (i)
reasonably detailed quarterly and annual financial statements, including balance
sheets and statements of income and cash flows for the Company, prepared in
accordance with GAAP (subject, in the case of interim financial statements, to
the omission of footnotes and normal year-end adjustments), (ii) monthly
statements of income and cash flows for the Company, including, in the case of
such statements of income, identification and appropriate disclosure of all
transactions between the Company and a Member or any of its Affiliates and (iii)
quarterly reports setting forth in reasonable detail information concerning
investments made by the Company. The Managing Member also will cause the Company
to distribute to the Members copies of all financial reports (including
operating and capital budgets and business plans) that the Company receives from
Astrolink International LLC, as soon as practically possible after receipt by
the Company from Astrolink International LLC. The financial information to be
provided pursuant to this 6.7 will be distributed to the Members within the
following time periods: information required to be furnished monthly will be
provided within 30 days following the end of the applicable month, information
required to be furnished quarterly will
18
be provided within 45 days following the end of the applicable quarter, and
information required to be furnished annually will be provided within 90 days
following the end of the applicable Fiscal Year.
6.8 MANAGEMENT CONDUCT. The Managing Member will cause the officers and
employees of the Company promptly and diligently to perform the duties
contemplated by this Agreement.
6.9 UNAUTHORIZED ACTIONS. If a Member takes any action that is not authorized
under this Agreement and, as a consequence of such action, the Company incurs
any liability or obligation to any Person, at the election of a majority (by
Ownership Interest) of the other Members (other than the Member taking such
unauthorized action and any Affiliates of such Member), the Member taking such
unauthorized action will be solely responsible for the full amount of such
liability or obligation and will indemnify the Company against any claim for
satisfaction thereof. Subject to receipt of an assumption agreement, duly
executed by such Member, to the effect set forth in the foregoing sentence,
which assumption agreement is in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to
the other Members, the Company will assign to such Member all the Company's
rights in and to any asset, income or benefit arising solely from the
unauthorized action that resulted in the incurrence of such liability or
obligation (such assignment to be effected by an assignment duly executed by the
Company, which assignment is in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to
such Member). After such assignment, the Member to which such rights have been
assigned may use or transfer such rights as if such Member had originally taken
such unauthorized action on its own behalf, rather than purportedly on behalf of
the Company.
ARTICLE 7: MEETINGS OF MEMBERS
7.1 MEETINGS.
(a) Meetings of the Members may be called upon Notice given by the LSAT Member,
the LMC Member or any other Member owning at least 10% of the Ownership
Interests held by all Members; provided that no Member may call a meeting more
frequently than once each calendar quarter.
(b) Notice of any meeting will be given by the Member calling such meeting to at
least one Representative of each Member not less than ten days or more than 30
days before the date of the meeting. Such Notice will state the place, day and
hour of the meeting and the purposes for which the meeting is called.
7.2 WAIVER OF NOTICE. Any Member may waive, in writing, any Notice required to
be given to such Member, whether before or after the time for the meeting to
which such Notice would relate. Any Member who signs minutes of action (or a
written consent) will be deemed to have waived any required Notice with respect
to such action.
7.3 RECORD DATE. For the purpose of determining Members entitled to Notice of or
to Vote at any meeting of Members, the date on which Notice of the meeting is
first given will be the record date
19
for the determination of Members. Any such determination of Members entitled to
Vote at any meeting of Members will apply to any adjournment of a meeting.
7.4 QUORUM. A quorum at any meeting of Members will be deemed to exist if at
least one Representative of each Member entitled to Vote is present in person or
by proxy. Any meeting at which a quorum is not present may be adjourned to
another place, day and hour without further Notice. Each Member will cause its
Representatives to act in good faith to attend any meetings (including by proxy
as provided in 7.6 or by telephone as provided in 7.7) so as to assure that a
quorum will be present at any meeting of Members.
7.5 MANNER OF ACTING. If a quorum is present at any meeting of the Members, the
affirmative Vote of Members as set forth in Article 6 will be the act of the
Company. Prompt Notice describing all actions taken at a meeting will be
provided to all Representatives who were not in attendance at such meeting.
7.6 PROXIES. At any meeting of Members, a Representative of a Member may Vote in
person or by written proxy given to another Representative of a Member. A proxy
will be valid if signed by a Representative of a Member or by a duly authorized
attorney-in-fact and filed with the Company before or at the time of the
meeting. No proxy will be valid after three months from the date of its signing
unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Attendance at the meeting by a
Representative of a Member giving the proxy will be deemed to revoke the proxy
during the period of attendance.
7.7 MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE. The Members may participate in a meeting by means of
conference telephone or similar communications equipment by which all
Representatives participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same
time. Such participation will constitute presence in person at the meeting and
waiver of any required Notice.
7.8 ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a
meeting of Members may be taken without a meeting if the action is evidenced by
one or more minutes of action or written consents describing the action taken,
signed by at least one Representative of each Member entitled to Vote (provided
that the Representatives signing such minutes of action or written consent
represent at least the percentage of Ownership Interests of all Members entitled
to Vote required pursuant to this Agreement). Action so taken will be effective
when such Representatives have signed the consent, unless the consent specifies
a later effective date. Prompt Notice describing all actions taken without a
meeting of Members will be provided to all Representatives who have not signed
the written consent authorizing such actions.
ARTICLE 8: LIABILITY OF A MEMBER
8.1 LIMITED LIABILITY. Except as otherwise provided in the Act and in 6.9, the
debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company (whether arising in contract,
tort or otherwise) will be solely the debts, obligations and liabilities of the
Company, and no Member (or former Member) of the Company is liable or will be
obligated personally for any such debt, obligation or liability of the Company
solely
20
by reason of such status. No Representative, individual trustee, officer,
director, employee or agent of any Member will have any personal liability for
the performance of any obligation of such Member under this Agreement.
8.2 CAPITAL CONTRIBUTION. Subject to 8.3, each Member is liable to the Company
for any Capital Contribution or Distribution that has been wrongfully or
erroneously returned or made to such Person in violation of the Act, the
Certificate or this Agreement.
8.3 CAPITAL RETURN. Any Member who has received the return of all or any part of
such Person's Capital Contribution will have no liability to return such
Distribution to the Company after the expiration of three years from the date of
such Distribution unless Notice of an obligation to return is given to such
Person within such three-year period; provided that if such return of capital
has occurred without violation of the Act, the Certificate or this Agreement,
the three-year obligation to return capital will apply only to the extent
necessary to discharge the Company's liability to its creditors who reasonably
relied on such obligation in extending credit prior to such return of capital.
8.4 RELIANCE. Any Member will be fully protected in relying in good faith upon
the records of the Company and upon such information, opinions, reports or
statements by (a) any of the Company's other Members, employees or committees or
(b) any other Person who has been selected with reasonable care as to matters
such Member reasonably believes are within such other Person's professional or
expert competence. Matters as to which such reliance may be made include the
value and amount of assets, liabilities, Profits and Losses of the Company, as
well as other facts pertinent to the existence and amount of assets from which
Distributions to Members might properly be made.
ARTICLE 9: INDEMNIFICATION
9.1 GENERAL. To the full extent permitted by law, the Company will indemnify
each Member (and each such Member's shareholders, directors, officers, partners,
members, employees and agents), each Representative, and each officer of the
Company (collectively, "Indemnified Persons"), from and against any and all
loss, damage, expense (including reasonable fees and expenses of attorneys and
other advisors and any court costs incurred by such Indemnified Person) or
liability incurred in any Proceeding to which such Indemnified Person is made a
party because such Person was a Member, Representative or officer of the Company
(or was a shareholder, director, officer, partner, member, employee or agent of
a Member) or acted or failed to act with respect to the business or affairs of
the Company if (a) such Person acted in good faith, (b) such Person reasonably
believed that its conduct in an official capacity was in the Company's best
interests or, if the conduct was not in an official capacity, that its conduct
was at least not opposed to the Company's best interests and (c) such Person, in
the case of any criminal Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe its
conduct was unlawful.
9.2 EXCEPTION. Notwithstanding the general rule stated in 9.1, the Company will
not indemnify any Person in connection with (a) any Proceeding by or in right of
the Company in which such Person was adjudged liable to the Company, (b) in
connection with any Proceeding charging
21
improper personal benefit to such Person (or another Person of which such Person
is or was a shareholder, director, officer, partner, member, employee or agent)
(whether or not involving action in an official capacity) in which such Person
was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received
or (c) any liability or obligation for which such Person (or another Person of
which such Person is or was a shareholder, director, officer, partner, member,
employee or agent) is liable under 6.9.
9.3 EXPENSE ADVANCEMENT. With respect to the reasonable expenses incurred by an
Indemnified Person who is a party to a Proceeding, the Company may provide funds
to such Person (and, in the case of a Member, to the shareholders, directors,
officers, partners, members, employees and agents of such Person) in advance of
the final disposition of the Proceeding if (a) such Person furnishes the Company
with such Person's written affirmation of a good-faith belief that it has met
the standard of conduct described in 9.1, (b) such Person agrees in writing to
repay the advance if it is determined that it has not met such standard of
conduct and (c) the Company determines that, based on then known facts,
indemnification is permissible under this Article.
9.4 INSURANCE. The indemnification provisions of this Article do not limit any
Person's right to recover under any insurance policy maintained by the Company.
If, with respect to any loss, damage, expense or liability described in 9.1, any
Person receives an insurance policy indemnification payment that, together with
any indemnification payment made by the Company, exceeds the amount of such
loss, damage, expense or liability, then such Person will immediately repay such
excess to the Company.
9.5 INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS. To the same extent that the Company will
indemnify and advance expenses to a Member, the Company may indemnify and
advance expenses to any employee or agent of the Company. In addition, the
Company, in its discretion, may indemnify and advance expenses to any employee
or agent to a greater extent than a Member.
9.6 EXCULPATION. No Indemnified Person will be liable to the Company or any
other Member for any loss, damage or claim incurred by reason of any act or
omission performed or omitted by such Indemnified Person in good faith on behalf
of the Company and in a manner reasonably believed to be within the scope of the
authority conferred on the applicable Member, Representative or officer by this
Agreement, except that an Indemnified Person will be liable to the Company for
any such loss, damage or claim incurred by reason of such Indemnified Person's
willful misconduct.
ARTICLE 10: ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING
10.1 FISCAL YEAR. For income tax and accounting purposes, the fiscal year of the
Company will be the Fiscal Year.
10.2 ACCOUNTING METHOD. For income tax and accounting purposes, the Company will
use the accrual method of accounting, unless otherwise required by the Code. The
Tax Matters Partner will have the authority to adopt all other accounting
methods for tax purposes.
22
10.3 TAX ELECTIONS. The Tax Matters Partner will have the authority to make
such tax elections, and to revoke any such election, as the Tax Matters
Partner may from time to time determine. Notwithstanding the preceding
sentence, following any Transfer (within the meaning of Section 754 of the
Code) of an Ownership Interest, the Tax Matters Partner will make the
election under Section 754 of the Code upon the timely written request of
either the Transferor or the Transferee. In addition, the Tax Matters Partner
may make the Section 754 election if the Tax Matters Partner determines that
such election is in the best interests of the Company or any Member.
10.4 RETURNS. At the expense of the Company, the Tax Matters Partner will cause
the preparation and timely filing of all tax returns required to be filed by the
Company pursuant to the Code, as well as all other tax returns required in each
jurisdiction in which the Company does business.
10.5 FINANCIAL REPORTS. The Members will cause the appropriate officers or
employees of the Company, at the expense of the Company, to cause to be prepared
and distributed to the Members the financial statements, reports and other
information prescribed by 6.7 and such other financial statements, budgets,
plans and schedules as are required for the reporting purposes of, and/or are
from time to time reasonably requested by, the Members.
10.6 BOOKS AND RECORDS.
(a) The following books and records of the Company will be kept at its principal
office: (i) a current list of the full name and last known business, residence
or mailing address of each Member; (ii) originals of the Certificate and of this
Agreement, as amended (as well as any signed powers of attorney pursuant to
which any such document was executed); (iii) a copy of the Company's federal,
state and local income tax returns and reports and annual financial statements
of the Company, for the six most recent years; and (iv) minutes, or minutes of
action or written consent, of every meeting of Members of the Company.
(b) The Company will maintain at its own expense, and keep at is principal
office, true and accurate books of account in accordance with GAAP consistently
applied and the reasonable and customary business practices of business
enterprises similarly situated to the Company.
(c) Each Member, at its sole expense, will have the right, at any time and
without Notice to any other Member, to examine, copy and audit the Company's
books and records during normal business hours.
10.7 INFORMATION.
(a) Each Member has the right, from time to time and upon reasonable demand for
any purpose reasonably related to such Person's interest as a Member of the
Company, to obtain from the Company: (i) a current list of the full name and
last known business, residence or mailing address of each Member; (ii) a copy of
the Certificate and of this Agreement, as amended (as well as any signed powers
of attorney pursuant to which any such document was executed); (iii) a copy of
the
23
Company's federal, state and local income tax returns and reports and annual
financial statements of the Company, for the six most recent years; (iv)
minutes, or minutes of action or written consent, of every meeting of the
Members of the Company; (v) true and full information regarding the amount of
money and a description and statement of the agreed value of any other property
or services contributed or to be contributed by each Member, and the date on
which each became a Member; (vi) true and full information regarding the status
of the business and financial condition of the Company; and (vii) other
information regarding the affairs of the Company (and, to the extent available
to the Company, regarding the affairs of any Portfolio Company that is not a
public company) as reasonably may be requested by such Member.
(b) The Members will cause the Company (i) to deliver to each Member, for its
review and approval, a copy of each tax return or report required to be filed by
the Company at least 30 days before the required filing date (including
extensions) and (ii) to provide to each Member, not more than 135 days after
each Fiscal Year end, such information for such Fiscal Year as the Member
reasonably requires to prepare tax returns or reports required to be filed by it
or one or more of its Affiliates, including federal and state tax information
and projections and estimates.
10.8 BANKING. The Company may establish and maintain one or more accounts or
safe deposit boxes at banks or other financial institutions. The Company may
authorize one or more individuals to sign checks on and withdraw funds from such
bank or financial accounts and to have access to such safe deposit boxes, and
may place such limitations and restrictions on such authority as the Company
deems advisable. No funds of the Company will be commingled with funds of any
Member or any other Person.
10.9 TAX MATTERS; TAX MATTERS PARTNER. Until further action by the Company,
the Managing Member is designated as the Tax Matters Partner under Section
6231(a)(7) of the Code. The Tax Matters Partner will take no action that is
reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on one or more of the
Members unless such action is approved by the unanimous Vote of the Members.
The Tax Matters Partner will be responsible for notifying all Members of
ongoing tax Proceedings, both administrative and judicial, and will represent
the Company throughout any such Proceeding. The Members will furnish the Tax
Matters Partner with such information as it may reasonably request to provide
the Internal Revenue Service with sufficient information to allow proper
notice to the Members. If an administrative Proceeding with respect to a
partnership item under the Code has begun, and the Tax Matters Partner so
requests, each Member will notify the Tax Matters Partner of its treatment of
any partnership item on its federal income tax return, if any, which is
inconsistent with the treatment of that item on the partnership return for
the Company. Any settlement agreement with the Internal Revenue Service will
be binding upon the Members only as provided in the Code. The Tax Matters
Partner will not bind any other Member to any extension of the statute of
limitations or to a settlement agreement without such Member's written
consent. Any Member who enters into a settlement agreement with respect to
any partnership item will notify the other Members of such settlement
agreement and its terms within 30 days after the date of settlement. If the
Tax Matters Partner does not file a petition for readjustment of the
partnership items in the Tax Court, federal District Court or Claims Court
within the 90-day period following a notice of a final partnership
administrative adjustment, any notice partner or 5-percent group (as such
terms are
24
defined in the Code) may institute such action within the following 60 days. The
Tax Matters Partner will timely notify the other Members in writing of its
decision. Any notice partner or 5-percent group will notify the other Members of
its filing of any petition for readjustment.
10.10 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPANY AS PARTNERSHIP FOR TAX PURPOSES, NOT STATE LAW.
The Company will be classified as a partnership for federal (and, as
appropriate, state and local) income tax purposes. This characterization, solely
for tax purposes, does not create or imply a general partnership or limited
partnership between the Members for state law or any other purpose. Instead, the
Members acknowledge the status of the Company as a limited liability company
formed under the Act.
ARTICLE 11: DISSOLUTION
11.1 DISSOLUTION. Dissolution of the Company will occur upon the happening of
any of the following events:
(a) The sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company's
assets;
(b) An event of Withdrawal (as defined in 11.2) of a Member if the remaining
Members make an election to dissolve the Company in accordance with 11.3;
(c) The affirmative Vote of all Members; or
(d) The Withdrawal of the sole remaining Member.
11.2 EVENTS OF WITHDRAWAL. An event of Withdrawal of a Member occurs when any of
the following occurs:
(a) With respect to any Member, upon the Transfer of all of such Member's
Ownership Interest (which Transfer is treated as a resignation);
(b) With respect to any Member, upon the voluntary Withdrawal (including any
resignation or retirement in contravention of 6.5) of the Member;
(c) With respect to any Member that is a corporation, upon filing of articles of
dissolution of the corporation;
(d) With respect to any Member that is a partnership, a limited liability
company or a similar entity, upon dissolution and liquidation of such entity
(but not solely by reason of a technical termination under Section
708(b)(1)(b) of the Code);
(e) With respect to any Member that is a trust, upon termination of the trust;
25
(f) With respect to any Member, the Bankruptcy of the Member; or
(g) Any other event that terminates the continued membership of a Member in the
Company.
Within ten days after the occurrence of any event of Withdrawal with respect to
a Member, such Member will give Notice of the date and the nature of such event
to the Company. Any Member failing to give such Notice will be liable in damages
for the consequences of such failure as otherwise provided in this Agreement.
11.3 CONTINUATION. Subject to 11.1(d), in the event of Withdrawal of a Member,
the Company will be continued, without Dissolution, unless within 90 days
following the occurrence of such event, there is an affirmative Vote of a
majority (by Ownership Interest) of the remaining Members to dissolve the
Company. If the Company is so continued, with respect to any Member as to which
an event of Withdrawal has occurred, such Member or such Member's Transferee or
other successor-in-interest (as the case may be) will, without further act,
become a Transferee of such Ownership Interest (with the limited rights of a
Transferee as set forth in 13.5, unless admitted as a substitute Member).
ARTICLE 12: LIQUIDATION
12.1 LIQUIDATION. Upon Dissolution of the Company, the Company will immediately
proceed to wind up its affairs and liquidate pursuant to this 12.1. If there is
only one remaining Member, that Member will act as the liquidating trustee.
Otherwise, any Person appointed by Members owning more than 50% of the Ownership
Interests held by all Members will act as the liquidating trustee. The
Liquidation of the Company will be accomplished in a businesslike manner as
determined by the liquidating trustee. A reasonable time will be allowed for the
orderly Liquidation of the Company and the discharge of liabilities to creditors
so as to enable the Company to minimize any losses attendant upon Liquidation.
Any gain or loss on disposition of any Company assets in Liquidation will be
allocated to Members in accordance with the provisions of Article 4. Any
liquidating trustee is entitled to reasonable compensation for services actually
performed, and may contract for such assistance in the liquidating process as
such Person deems necessary or desirable. Until the filing of a certificate of
cancellation under 12.8, and without affecting the liability of the Members and
without imposing liability on the liquidating trustee, the liquidating trustee
may settle and close the Company's business, prosecute and defend suits, dispose
of its property, discharge or make provision for its liabilities, and make
Distributions in accordance with the priorities set forth in this Article.
12.2 TAX TERMINATION. In addition to termination of the Company following its
Dissolution, a termination of the Company will occur, for federal income tax
purposes only, on the date the Company is terminated under Section 708(b)(1)
of the Code. Under current law, events causing such a termination include the
sale or exchange of 50% or more of the total interest in the capital and
profits of the Company within a 12-month period. Upon the occurrence of a
termination under Section 708(b)(1) of the Code, a constructive Liquidation
and a constructive reformation of the Company as a tax
26
partnership will be deemed to occur for federal income tax purposes. All
adjustments and computations will be made under this Agreement as if the
constructive transactions had actually occurred, and the Capital Accounts of the
Members in such new tax partnership will be determined and maintained in
accordance with the Section 704(b) Regulations.
12.3 PRIORITY OF PAYMENT. The assets of the Company will be distributed in
Liquidation in the following order:
(a) First, to creditors by the payment or provision for payment of the debts and
liabilities of the Company (other than any loans or advances that may have been
made by any Member or any Affiliate of a Member) and the expenses of
Liquidation, including the setting up of any reserves that are reasonably
necessary for any contingent, conditional or unmatured liabilities or
obligations of the Company;
(b) Second, to the repayment of any loans to the Company that may have been made
by any Member or any Affiliate of a Member (according to the relative priority
of repayment of such loans and proportionally among loans of equal priority if
the amount available for repayment is insufficient for payment in full); and
(c) Third, to the Members in proportion to the positive balances in their
respective Capital Accounts after such Capital Accounts have been adjusted for
all allocations of Profits and Losses and items thereof for the Fiscal Year
during which such Liquidation occurs.
12.4 LIQUIDATING DISTRIBUTIONS. If the Company is not continued pursuant to
11.3, the liquidating Distributions due to the Members will be made by selling
the assets of the Company and distributing the net proceeds. Notwithstanding the
preceding sentence, but only upon the affirmative Vote of all Members,
liquidating Distributions may be made by distributing the assets of the Company
in kind to the Members in proportion to the amounts distributable to them
pursuant to 12.3, valuing such assets at their Fair Market Value (net of
liabilities secured by such property that the Member takes subject to or
assumes) on the date of Distribution. Each Member agrees to save and hold
harmless the other Members from such Member's proportionate share of any and all
such liabilities that are taken subject to or assumed. Appropriate and customary
prorations and adjustments will be made incident to any Distribution in kind.
The Members will look solely to the assets of the Company for the return of
their Capital Contributions, and if the assets of the Company remaining after
the payment or discharge of the debts and liabilities of the Company are
insufficient to return such contributions, they will have no recourse against
any other Member. The Members acknowledge that 12.3 may establish Distribution
priorities on Liquidation different from those set forth in the Act, as in
effect at the time of any Distribution; and, in such event, it is the Members'
intention that the provisions of 12.3 will control, to the extent possible.
12.5 NO RESTORATION OBLIGATION. Except as otherwise specifically provided in 8.2
and 8.3, nothing contained in this Agreement imposes on any Member an obligation
to make an Additional Contribution in order to restore a deficit Capital Account
upon Liquidation of the Company.
27
12.6 TIMING. Final Distributions in Liquidation (except in the case of a
constructive Liquidation under 12.2) will be made by the end of the Company's
Fiscal Year in which such actual Liquidation occurs (or, if later, within 90
days after such event) in the manner required to comply with the Section
704(b) Regulations. Payments or Distributions in Liquidation may be made to a
liquidating trust established by the Company for the benefit of those
entitled to payments under 12.3, in any manner consistent with this Agreement
and the Section 704(b) Regulations.
12.7 LIQUIDATING REPORTS. A report will be submitted with each liquidating
Distribution to Members made pursuant to 12.4, showing the collections,
disbursements and Distributions during the period that is subsequent to any
previous report. A final report, showing cumulative collections, disbursements
and Distributions, will be submitted upon completion of the Liquidation.
12.8 CERTIFICATE OF CANCELLATION. Upon Dissolution of the Company and the
completion of the winding up of its business, the Company will file a
certificate of cancellation (to cancel the Certificate) with the Delaware
Secretary of State pursuant to the Act. At such time, the Company will also file
an application for withdrawal of its certificate of authority in any
jurisdiction where it is then qualified to do business.
ARTICLE 13: TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS
13.1 GENERAL RESTRICTION. No Person may Transfer all or any part of such
Person's Ownership Interest in any manner whatsoever except to a Permitted
Transferee as set forth in 13.3 and only if the requirements of 13.4 have also
been satisfied. Any other Transfer of all or any part of an Ownership Interest
is null and void, and of no effect. Any Member who makes a Transfer of all of
such Person's Ownership Interest will be treated as resigning from the Company
on the effective date of such Transfer. The rights and obligations of any
resigning Member or of any Transferee of an Ownership Interest will be governed
by the other provisions of this Agreement.
13.2 NO MEMBER RIGHTS. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, no Member
has the right or power to confer upon any Transferee the attributes of a Member
in the Company. The Transferee of all or any part of an Ownership Interest by
operation of law does not, by virtue of such Transfer, succeed to any rights as
a Member in the Company.
13.3 PERMITTED TRANSFEREES. Subject to the requirements set forth in 13.4, a
Person may Transfer all or any portion of such Person's Ownership Interest to
any Affiliate of such Person or, with the prior written consent of a majority by
Ownership Interest of the non-transferring Members, to any other Person (each, a
"Permitted Transferee"), and the Permitted Transferee will be admitted as a
Member as of the effective date thereof. Except as provided in this 13.3, no
Person shall Transfer such Person's Ownership Interest to any other Person in
whole or in part without the prior written consent of the LMC Member and the
LSAT Member.
13.4 GENERAL CONDITIONS ON TRANSFERS. No Transfer of an Ownership Interest will
be effective unless all the conditions set forth below are satisfied:
28
(a) Unless waived by each nontransferring Member, the Transferor signs and
delivers to the Company an undertaking in form and substance satisfactory to the
Company to pay all reasonable expenses incurred by the Company in connection
with the Transfer (including reasonable fees of counsel and accountants and the
costs to be incurred with any additional accounting required in connection with
the Transfer, and the cost and fees attributable to preparing, filing and
recording such amendments to the Certificate or other organizational documents
or filings as may be required by law);
(b) Unless waived by each nontransferring Member, the Transferor delivers to the
Company (i) an opinion of counsel for the Transferor reasonably satisfactory in
form and substance to the Company to the effect that, assuming the accuracy of
the statement of the Transferee described in (ii) below, the Transfer of the
Ownership Interest as proposed does not violate requirements for registration
under applicable federal and state securities laws and (ii) a statement of the
Transferee in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company making
appropriate representations and warranties with respect to compliance with the
applicable federal and state securities laws and as to any other matter
reasonably required by the Company;
(c) Unless waived by each nontransferring Member, the Transferor provides an
opinion of counsel for the Transferor reasonably satisfactory in form and
substance to the nontransferring Members or other evidence reasonably
satisfactory to the nontransferring Members that the Transfer of the
Ownership Interest will not result in the termination of the Company within
the meaning of Section 708(b)(1)(b) of the Code. If the immediate Transfer of
such Ownership Interest would cause such a termination, but the following
action would not cause such a termination, the Transferor will be entitled
(i) immediately to Transfer only that portion of the Ownership Interest as
may be Transferred without causing such a termination and (ii) to enter into
an agreement to Transfer the remainder of its Ownership Interest, in one or
more Transfers, at the earliest date or dates on which such Transfer or
Transfers may be effected without causing such a termination. In determining
whether a particular proposed Transfer will result in a termination of the
Company, the Members will take into account the existence of prior written
commitments to Transfer of which Notice has been given pursuant to this
Agreement and those proposed Transfers will be given precedence over
subsequent proposed Transfers. Each nontransferring Member will waive the
foregoing provisions of this 13.4(c) upon the written request of the
Transferor, unless such nontransferring Member reasonably determines that the
termination of the Company within the meaning of Section 708(b)(1)(b) of the
Code is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on such
nontransferring Member.
(d) The Transferor signs and delivers to the Company a copy of the assignment of
the Ownership Interest to the Transferee (substantially in the form of the
attached EXHIBIT A), which assignment will provide that the Transferor will
continue to be liable for the performance of such liabilities; and
(e) The Transferee signs and delivers to the Company an agreement (substantially
in the form of the attached EXHIBIT B) to be bound by this Agreement.
29
The Transfer of an Ownership Interest will be effective as of 12:01 a.m.
(Mountain Time) on the first day of the month following the month in which all
of the above conditions have been satisfied. The Company will amend Schedule 1.3
as of the effective time of any Transfer of an Ownership Interest to reflect the
new Ownership Interests.
13.5 RIGHTS OF TRANSFEREES. Any Transferee of an Ownership Interest will, on the
effective date of the Transfer, have only those rights of an assignee as
specified in the Act unless and until such Transferee is admitted as a
substitute Member. This provision limiting the rights of a Transferee will not
apply if such Transferee is already a Member; provided that any Member who
resigns or retires from the Company in contravention of 6.5 will have only the
rights of an assignee as specified in the Act. Any Transferee of an Ownership
Interest who is not admitted as a substitute Member in accordance with this
Agreement has no right (a) to participate or interfere in the management or
administration of the Company's business or affairs, (b) to Vote or agree on any
matter affecting the Company or any Member, (c) to require any information on
account of any Company transactions or (d) to inspect the Company's books and
records. The only rights of a Transferee of an Ownership Interest who is not
admitted as a substitute Member in accordance with this Agreement is to receive
the allocations and Distributions to which the Transferor was entitled (to the
extent of the Ownership Interest Transferred) and to receive all necessary tax
reporting information. In any event, each Transferee of an Ownership Interest
(including both immediate and remote Transferees) will be subject to all of the
obligations, restrictions and other terms contained in this Agreement as if such
Transferee were a Member. To the extent of any Ownership Interest Transferred,
the Transferor will not possess any right or power as a Member and may not
exercise any such right or power directly or indirectly on behalf of the
Transferee.
13.6 ADMISSION. Except as set forth in 13.3 or as to any Transferee that is an
Affiliate of the Transferor, a Transferee of an Ownership Interest will not
become a substitute Member of the Company unless such substitution is consented
to by all Members, which consent may be granted or withheld in the sole
discretion of the Members and which consent may be arbitrarily withheld,
effective upon a date specified (which must be on or after the effective date of
the Transfer, as determined under 13.4).
13.7 SECURITY INTEREST. The pledge or granting to a bank or other financial
institution of a bona fide Lien for collateral security purposes only affecting
all or any part of a Member's Ownership Interest will not in itself constitute a
Transfer hereunder or cause the Member to cease to be a Member. In no event will
any secured party be entitled to foreclose upon (or to receive a Transfer in
lieu of foreclosure of) any such secured interest or to exercise any rights of a
Member under this Agreement (unless and until such Person is admitted as a
substitute Member), and such secured party may look only to such Member for the
enforcement of any of its rights as a creditor. In no event will the Company
have any liability or obligation to any Person by reason of the Company's
payment of a Distribution to any secured party as long as the Company makes such
payment in reliance upon written instructions from the Member to whom such
Distributions would be payable. Any secured party will be entitled, with respect
to the security interest granted, only to the allocations and Distributions to
which the assigning Member would be entitled under this Agreement, and only if,
as and when such allocations and Distributions are made by the Company, and to
receive any
30
necessary tax reporting information. Neither the Company nor any Member will owe
any fiduciary duty of any nature to a secured party. Each Ownership Interest
shall constitute a "security" within the meaning of (i) Article 8 of the Uniform
Commercial Code (including Section 8-102(a)(15) thereof) as in effect from time
to time in the States of Delaware and Colorado and (ii) the Uniform Commercial
Code of any other applicable jurisdiction that now or hereafter substantially
includes the 1994 revisions to Article 8 thereof as adopted by the American Law
Institute and the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and
approved by the American Bar Association on February 14, 1995.
ARTICLE 14: CERTAIN BUSINESS MATTERS
14.1 OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF MEMBERS. Except as otherwise expressly
provided in this Agreement, each Member and its Affiliates may engage in or
possess interests in other businesses or ventures of any nature or description,
without regard to whether such businesses or ventures are or may be deemed to be
competitive in any way with the business of the Company or of any Portfolio
Company. No Member will have any obligation to offer any business or investment
opportunity to the Company.
14.2 DETERMINATION OF FAIR MARKET VALUE. Wherever this Agreement refers to, or
calls for a determination of, Fair Market Value, the Fair Market Value of the
item in question will be determined in accordance with the following provisions:
(a) The Members may, by unanimous Vote, determine the Fair Market Value of such
item.
(b) If the Members are unable to agree on a Fair Market Value within 15 days
after the date Notice requesting the determination of such Fair Market Value is
given by a Member to the others, or if they determine that an appraisal should
be used to determine Fair Market Value, then the Members will cause the Fair
Market Value as of the most recent month end to be determined by a qualified
appraiser acceptable to the Members. If the Members are unable to agree on a
single appraiser within 30 days after the date of such Notice, each of the LSAT
Member and the LMC Member will have an additional ten days to select one
appraiser nationally recognized in valuing items of the kind required to be
valued. If either fails to appoint an appraiser, then the determination of Fair
Market Value by the one appraiser will be binding.
(c) Each appraiser will determine the Fair Market Value. The Company and the
Members will use their reasonable best efforts to cause such appraiser to submit
to them a written report indicating its determination of such Fair Market Value
within 30 days after the date such appraiser is selected.
(d) If the higher of the two appraisals is 110% or less of the lower appraisal,
the average of the two will be the Fair Market Value.
(e) If the higher of the two appraisals is more than 110% of the lower
appraisal, the Company will immediately notify the two appraisers and cause them
to appoint a third similarly qualified appraiser
31
within ten days after such notice. The Company and the Members will use their
reasonable best efforts to cause such third appraiser (who will not be apprised
of the determination of the other appraisers) to submit a written report to each
of them indicating such appraiser's determination of Fair Market Value within 30
days after the date such third appraiser is selected. If three appraisals are
necessary, then the average of the two appraisals in which the determinations of
Fair Market Value are closest together will be the Fair Market Value or, if the
highest and lowest are equidistant from the middle determination, then the
middle determination will be the Fair Market Value.
(f) A determination of Fair Market Value made pursuant to this 14.2 will be
final, binding and nonappealable.
(g) The Company will pay the fees and costs of any appraiser involved in a
determination of Fair Market Value pursuant to this 14.2.
ARTICLE 15: GENERAL PROVISIONS
15.1 AMENDMENT. This Agreement may be amended only by the affirmative Vote of
all Members. Any amendment will become effective upon such approval, unless
otherwise provided. Notice of any proposed amendment must be given at least five
days in advance of the meeting at which the amendment will be considered (unless
the approval is evidenced by duly signed minutes of action or written consent).
Any duly adopted amendment to this Agreement is binding on, and inures to the
benefit of, each Person who holds an Ownership Interest at the time of such
amendment, without the requirement that such Person sign the amendment or any
republication or restatement of this Agreement.
15.2 REPRESENTATIONS. Each Member hereby represents and warrants to each other
Member that, as of the signing of this Agreement:
(a) Such Member is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under
the laws of the jurisdiction where it purports to be organized, and is a United
States Person;
(b) Such Member has full power and authority as a corporation or limited
liability company to enter into and perform its obligations under this
Agreement;
(c) All actions on the part of such Member necessary to authorize the signing
and delivery of this Agreement, and the performance by such Member of its
obligations hereunder, have been duly taken;
(d) This Agreement has been duly signed and delivered by a duly authorized
officer or other representative of such Member and constitutes the legal, valid
and binding obligation of such Member enforceable in accordance with its terms,
except as such enforceability may be affected by applicable bankruptcy,
insolvency or other similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally, and
except that the availability of equitable remedies is subject to judicial
discretion;
32
(e) No consent or approval of any other Person is required in connection with
the signing, delivery and performance of this Agreement by such Member; and
(f) The signing, delivery and performance of this Agreement do not violate the
organizational documents of such Member or any material agreement to which such
Member is a party or by which such Member is bound.
15.3 UNREGISTERED INTERESTS. Each Member (a) acknowledges that the Ownership
Interests are being offered and sold without registration under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, or under similar provisions of state law, (b)
acknowledges that such Member is fully aware of the economic risks of an
investment in the Company, and that such risks must be borne for an indefinite
period of time, (c) represents and warrants that such Member is acquiring an
Ownership Interest for such Member's own account, for investment, and without a
view to the distribution of the Ownership Interest, and (d) agrees not to
Transfer, or to attempt to Transfer, all or any part of its Ownership Interest
without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any
applicable state securities laws, unless the Transfer is exempt from such
registration requirements.
15.4 WAIVER OF ALTERNATIVE WITHDRAWAL RIGHTS. Each Member hereby waives and
renounces any alternative rights that might otherwise be provided by law upon
the Withdrawal of such Person and accepts the provisions under this Agreement as
such Person's sole entitlement upon the happening of such event.
15.5 WAIVER OF PARTITION RIGHT. Each Member hereby waives and renounces any
right that it might otherwise have prior to Dissolution and Liquidation to
institute or maintain any action for partition with respect to any property held
by the Company.
15.6 WAIVERS GENERALLY. No course of dealing will be deemed to amend or
discharge any provision of this Agreement. No delay in the exercise of any right
will operate as a waiver of such right. No single or partial exercise of any
right will preclude its further exercise. A waiver of any right on any one
occasion will not be construed as a bar to, or waiver of, any such right on any
other occasion.
15.7 EQUITABLE RELIEF. If any Member proposes to Transfer all or any part of its
Ownership Interest in violation of the terms of this Agreement, the Company or
any Member may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for an injunctive
order prohibiting such proposed Transfer except in compliance with the terms of
this Agreement, and the Company or any Member may institute and maintain any
action or Proceeding against the Person proposing to make such Transfer to
compel the specific performance of this Agreement. Any attempted Transfer in
violation of this Agreement is null and void, and of no force and effect. The
Person against whom such action or Proceeding is brought hereby waives the claim
or defense that an adequate remedy at law exists, and such Person will not urge
in any such action or Proceeding the claim or defense that such remedy at law
exists.
15.8 REMEDIES FOR BREACH. The rights and remedies of the Members set forth in
this Agreement are neither mutually exclusive nor exclusive of any right or
remedy provided by law, in equity or
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otherwise, and all legal remedies (such as monetary damages) as well as all
equitable remedies (such as specific performance) will be available for any
breach or threatened breach of any provision of this Agreement.
15.9 COSTS. If the Company or any Member retains counsel for the purpose of
enforcing or preventing the breach or any threatened breach of any provision of
this Agreement or for any other remedy relating to it, then the prevailing party
will be entitled to be reimbursed by the nonprevailing party for all costs and
expenses so incurred (including reasonable attorney's fees, costs of bonds and
fees and expenses for expert witnesses).
15.10 INDEMNIFICATION. Each Member hereby indemnifies and agrees to hold
harmless the Company and each other Member from any liability, cost or expense
arising from or related to any act or failure to act of such Member that is in
violation of this Agreement.
15.11 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be signed in multiple counterparts and on
separate counterparts, the signature pages of which may be detached and
reattached to another identical counterpart. Each counterpart will be considered
an original instrument, but all of them in the aggregate will constitute one
agreement.
15.12 NOTICE. All Notices under this Agreement will be in writing and will be
either delivered or sent addressed as follows: (a) if to the Company, at the
Company's principal office in Englewood, Colorado, and (b) if to any Member, at
such Person's address as then appearing in the records of the Company. In
computing time periods, the day of Notice will be included.
15.13 DEEMED NOTICE. Any Notices given to the Company or any Member in
accordance with this Agreement will be deemed to have been duly given: (a) on
the date of receipt if personally delivered, (b) five days after being sent by
U.S. mail, postage prepaid, (c) on the date of receipt, if sent by registered or
certified U.S. mail, postage prepaid, (d) on the date of receipt, if sent by
confirmed facsimile or telecopier transmission or (e) one Business Day after
having been sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service.
15.14 PARTIAL INVALIDITY. Wherever possible, each provision of this Agreement
will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable
law. However, if for any reason any one or more of the provisions of this
Agreement are held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such
action will not affect any other provision of this Agreement. In such event,
this Agreement will be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable
provision had never been contained in it.
15.15 ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement (including its Schedules and Exhibits)
contains the entire agreement and understanding of the Members concerning its
subject matter. The Members acknowledge and agree that the admission of any
additional Member may require amendment of this Agreement as certain provisions
of this Agreement contemplate that the LMC Member and the LSAT Member are the
only Members of the Company.
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15.16 BENEFIT. This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the Members
hereunder will inure solely to the benefit of the Members and the Company,
without conferring on any other Person any rights of enforcement or other
rights.
15.17 BINDING EFFECT. This Agreement is binding upon, and inures to the benefit
of, the Members and their Permitted Transferees, provided that any Transferee
will have only the rights specified in 13.5 unless admitted as a substitute
Member in accordance with this Agreement.
15.18 FURTHER ASSURANCES. Each Member will sign and deliver, without additional
consideration, such other documents of further assurance as may reasonably be
necessary to give effect to the provisions of this Agreement.
15.19 HEADINGS. Article and section titles have been inserted for convenience of
reference only. They are not intended to affect the meaning or interpretation of
this Agreement.
15.20 TERMS. Terms used with initial capital letters will have the meanings
specified, applicable to both singular and plural forms, for all purposes of
this Agreement. All pronouns (and any variations) will be deemed to refer to the
masculine, feminine or neuter, as the identity of the Person may require. The
singular or plural includes the other, as the context requires or permits. The
word "include" (and any variation) is used in an illustrative sense rather than
a limiting sense. The word "day" means a calendar day, unless a Business Day is
specified.
15.21 GOVERNING LAW; FORUM. This Agreement will be governed by, and construed in
accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware. Any conflict or apparent
conflict between this Agreement and the Act will be resolved in favor of this
Agreement, except as otherwise required by the Act. Any action to enforce any
provision of this Agreement may be brought only in a court in the State of
Delaware or the State of Colorado or in the United States District Court for the
District of Colorado. Each party (i) agrees to submit to the general
jurisdiction of such courts and to accept service of process at its address for
Notices pursuant to this Agreement in any such action or Proceeding and (ii)
irrevocably waives any objection it may have to the laying of venue of such
action or Proceeding brought in any such court and any claim that such action or
Proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
15.22 CERTIFICATED INTERESTS.
(a) Upon the issuance of Ownership Interests to any Member in accordance with
the provisions of this Agreement, the Company may issue one or more
certificates in the name of such Member evidencing the Ownership Interests
held by such Member (each, an "Interest Certificate"). Any such Interest
Certificate shall be in the form attached hereto as EXHIBIT D or such other
form as shall have been approved by the Managing Member. Each such Interest
Certificate shall specify the percentage of Ownership Interests of the
Company represented thereby. Each Interest Certificate shall be signed by
manual or facsimile signature of an authorized officer of the Company.
35
(b) The Company shall issue a new Interest Certificate in place of any Interest
Certificate previously issued if the holder of the Ownership Interests
represented by such Interest Certificate, as reflected on the books and
records of the Company:
(i) makes proof by affidavit, in form and substance satisfactory to the
Company, that such previously issued Interest Certificate has been
lost, stolen or destroyed;
(ii) requests the issuance of a new Interest Certificate; provided that no
such request shall be made if the Company or such holder has notice
that such previously issued Interest Certificate has been acquired by
a purchaser for value in good faith and without notice of an adverse
claim;
(iii) if requested by the Company, delivers to the Company a bond, in form
and substance satisfactory to the Company, with such surety or
sureties as the Company may direct, to indemnify the Company against
any claim that may be made on account of the alleged loss,
destruction or theft of the previously issued Interest Certificate;
and (iv) satisfies any other reasonable requirements imposed by the
Company.
(c) Upon a Member's Transfer in accordance with the provisions of this
Agreement of any or all Ownership Interests represented by an Interest
Certificate, the Transferee of such Ownership Interests shall deliver such
Interest Certificate to the Company for cancellation (executed by such
Transferee on the reverse side thereof), and the Company shall thereupon
issue a new Interest Certificate to such Transferee for the number of
Ownership Interests being Transferred and, if applicable, cause to be
issued to the Transferor a new Interest Certificate for that number of
Ownership Interests that were represented by the canceled Interest
Certificate and that are not being Transferred.
(d) Upon any other change in the percentages of Ownership Interests held by the
Members made in accordance with this Agreement, the Company may cancel all
outstanding Interest Certificates and issue replacement Interest
Certificates to the Members reflecting the revised percentages of Ownership
Interests held by the Members.
36
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this AMENDED AND RESTATED
OPERATING AGREEMENT of LSAT ASTRO LLC, to be duly executed and delivered,
effective from the date first above mentioned, notwithstanding the actual date
of signing.
TSAT HOLDING 2, INC.
By:
--------------------------------
Name:
Title:
LIBERTY SATELLITE, LLC
BY: TSAT HOLDING 1, INC.,
as the Managing Member
By:
--------------------------------
Name:
Title:
37
LIST OF SCHEDULES
SCHEDULE
1.3 Names and Addresses and Ownership Interests of Members
3.1 Capital Account Balances (as of the Effective Date)
LIST OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
A Form of Assignment of Ownership Interest
B Form of Transferee's Agreement
C Form of Promissory Note
D Form of Interest Certificate
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