JOINT FILING AGREEMENT Michael E. Heisley, Sr. ("Heisley") and The Heico Companies, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Heico") hereby agree that the Schedule 13D to which this statement is attached is filed on behalf of Heisley and Heico and...

                                    Exhibit 1
                                 to Schedule 13D
                             Dated December 31, 1998
                             Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Xx.
                                       And
                            The Heico Companies, LLC



                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT


         Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx,  Xx.  ("Xxxxxxx") and The Heico  Companies,  LLC, a
Delaware limited  liability company ("Heico") hereby agree that the Schedule 13D
to which this  statement is attached is filed on behalf of Xxxxxxx and Heico and
that any  amendments to this amendment to Schedule 13D may be filed on behalf of
Xxxxxxx and Heico.



January 8, 1999

                                     /s/  Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Xx.
                                     ----------------------------
                                     Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Xx.


                                     The Heico Companies, LLC


                                     By:  /s/ Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Xx.
                                          ---------------------------
                                              Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx, Xx.
                                              Manager and President