EXHIBIT 1 --------- AGREEMENT AS TO JOINT FILING OF SCHEDULE 13G -------------------------------------------- Each of the undersigned hereby affirms that it is individually eligible to use Schedule 13G, and agrees that this Schedule 13G is filed on...

                                    EXHIBIT 1
                                    ---------

                  AGREEMENT AS TO JOINT FILING OF SCHEDULE 13G
                  --------------------------------------------

Each of the undersigned hereby affirms that it is individually eligible to use
Schedule 13G, and agrees that this Schedule 13G is filed on its behalf.

Dated: February 6, 2003


                      XXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX INC.



                      By: /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                         --------------------------------------------
                         Name:   Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                         Title:  Assistant Secretary



                      SALOMON BROTHERS HOLDING COMPANY INC



                      By: /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                         --------------------------------------------
                         Name:  Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                         Title: Assistant Secretary



                      XXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX HOLDINGS INC.



                      By: /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                         --------------------------------------------
                         Name:  Xxxxxx X. Xxxxxxx
                         Title: Assistant Secretary



                      CITIGROUP INC.



                      By: /s/ Xxxxxx X. Xxx
                         --------------------------------------------
                         Name:   Xxxxxx X. Xxx
                         Title:  Assistant Secretary