Common Contracts

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Number, Honor, and Agreement in Hindi-Urdu
Research Paper • March 15th, 2023

In Hindi-Urdu, the honorific marker ji: can be added to a third person nom- inal to signal honorification of the nominal referent. The use of ji: triggers plural agreement, despite the nominal itself being singular. We propose that the formative that carries the semantics of plurality ( ) and the formative that carries the semantics of honorification (Hon) occupy the same syntactic posi- tion, which we identify as Num. These two formatives have the same formal features, which correspond to the features responsible for what is called plu- ral agreement, and make the same selectional demand of their complement, namely that it appear in the oblique form. However the formatives have dis- tinct realizations and distinct semantics. Both can have zero realization or overt realization; for honorification the overt realization can be at least -ji:, sa:b, mahoday, sir, ma’am, and for pluralization -a˜:, -o˜. The two formatives are in complementary distribution; Hon blocks and vice-versa; this me

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Number, Honor, and Agreement in Hindi-Urdu
Research Paper • December 28th, 2022

In Hindi-Urdu, the honorific marker ji: can be added to a third person nom- inal to signal honorification of the nominal referent. The use of ji: triggers plural agreement, despite the nominal itself being singular. We propose that the formative that carries the semantics of plurality ( ) and the formative that carries the semantics of honorification (Hon) occupy the same syntactic posi- tion, which we identify as Num. These two formatives have the same formal features, which correspond to the features responsible for what is called plu- ral agreement, and make the same selectional demand of their complement, namely that it appear in the oblique form. However the formatives have dis- tinct realizations and distinct semantics. Both can have zero realization or overt realization; for honorification the overt realization can be at least -ji:, sa:b, mahoday, sir, ma’am, and for pluralization -a˜:, -o˜. The two formatives are in complementary distribution; Hon blocks and vice-versa; this me

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