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SIMUL IUSTUS ET PECCATORAcademic Article • August 15th, 2021
Abstract: The mutual agreement on the Joint Declaration between the Roman Catholic Church and the Lutheran World Federation on the doctrine of justification was rejected in the official response of the Roman Catholic Church in 1998 over objections to the Lutheran notion of simul iustus et peccator (Christians as righteous and sinners at the same time). What does Paul have to say in connection with this ecumenical dead end? In this article, the validity of simul iustus et peccator is demonstrated from Romans 7:14–25 in conjunction with its larger context and other passages of Scripture. The interpretation of Rom 7:14–25 as a de- scription of Paul himself (or any Christian) has wide-ranging effects on the understanding of Pauline theology. Interestingly, Ernst Käsemann once wrote that the reading of verses 14–25 from that perspective would undermine his whole exegesis, not just his analysis of the context, but in truth also all that “Paul says about baptism, law, and the justification of
