Common Contracts
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Obligations, Commitments, and the Future of Compliance under the Paris AgreementMay 9th, 2024
The Paris Agreement (alternatively ‘the Agreement’) represents a novel approach to climate change and is the culmination of two decades of evolution of the UN climate change regime which began in 1992 with the adoption of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)1 and the creation of the Convention’s supreme decision-making body, the Conference of the Parties (COP), and was followed five years later by the COP’s adoption of the Kyoto Protocol (alternatively ‘the Protocol’). The Kyoto Protocol set legally binding emissions targets for developed countries in two phases ending in 2020.2 The discussions that ultimately led to the negotiation of the Paris Agreement really began in 2005 when developed countries began lobbying for a more global approach. Although those discussions stalled in 2009 when parties could not resolve significant outstanding issues in Copenhagen, that is where the real paradigm shift occurred and states moved away from the top-down structure of the Proto
