Common Contracts
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License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of LeidenJanuary 10th, 2017
Malabar had a strong connection with the Middle Eastern centres of Islamic learning, and particularly with Mecca, and this was able to facilitate the production and dissemination of Fatḥ. In the sixteenth century travel in the Indian Ocean increased. There were more migrants, traders, warriors, scholars, mystics and refugees such as Persians, Egyptians, Yemenis, Ethiopians, Malays and Swahilis. Many Malabari Muslims joined this web of global mobility and found their way to Mecca as pilgrims, students and traders. People from the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent for their voyages to the Middle East, say for pilgrimage, depended on Surat on the Gujarat coast. The place was also known as Bandar-i mubārak, “the blessed port” as well as having the nickname, Gateway to Mecca.69 Malabar maintained a strong and direct connection with Mocha, Aden and Jeddah, major ports for pilgrims and traders. 70 Portuguese officials and Jesuit missionaries expressed concern against such “religious m
