JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

                                                                    Exhibit 99.1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

      Pursuant to Rule 13d-1(k)(1)(iii) promulgated under the Securities and
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the undersigned agree that the Statement to
which this Exhibit is attached is filed on behalf of each of them.

Date: February 9, 1999

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