Franšízová smlouva: Překlad a analýzaA Franchize Contract: Translation and Analysis Luci e Šeflová Bachelor Thesis 2015
Xxxxxxxxxx smlouva: Překlad a analýza A Franchize Contract: Translation and Analysis | |
Xxxx | x Xxxxxxx |
Bachelor Thesis 2015 | |
Odborný překlad je odvětvím translatologie zabývající se texty odborné povahy pocházející a vznikající v jednotlivých oblastech odborné lidské činnosti. Je možno jej a jeho metodiku teoreticky vymezit oproti překladu uměleckému, neboť každá z uvedených skupin se vyznačuje specifiky, která následně určují překladatelské postupy.
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá překladem odborného textu, konkrétně franšízové smlouvy jisté zlínské společnosti specializující se na polepy automobilů ochrannými i designovými foliemi. Práce si klade za cíl ve své teoretické části probrat obecné teoretické poznatky o odborném překladu, ať už jsou to poznatky českých či zahraničních translatologů. Věnuje se také problematice textové typologie. Dále rozebírá specifika překladu právnických textů s charakterem smluv, uvádí jednotlivá úskalí spojená s překladem právnického textu, vymezuje stručně jednotlivé typy smluv a jejich terminologii. V neposlední řadě práce seznamuje s důležitostí znalosti jednotlivých prostředí, do kterých je text určen nebo ze kterého vychází, aby jeho překlad akurátně odpovídal originálnímu sdělení.
V praktické části jsou následně uvedeny tyto teoretické poučky a zásady do praxe při překladu konkrétního odborného textu – franšízové smlouvy. Seznamuje s konkrétními překladatelskými postupy, navrhuje překladatelská řešení ve sporných případech, obhajuje výběr lexika i odpovídajících překladových ekvivalentů. V práci je také uveden text smlouvy, včetně terminologického slovníčku, který při této práci sestavila autorka práce. Autorka práce je zároveň také autorkou uvedeného překladu.
Klíčová slova: translatologie, typy textů, odborný překlad, právnický text charakteru smluv, franchisová smlouva, překladový ekvivalent.
The domain-specific texts are a part of translatology dealing with texts relating to different types of human activity. We may delimit this type of texts as well as the methodology of its translation method against literary translation as both from these two groups of texts is characterised with their own specific features that determine translator’s procedures and steps that they take.
The bachelor thesis deals with translation of such a domain-specific text, particularly a franchise agreement created by a Czech private company based in Zlín that specializes in car-foiling. The aim of this thesis is to go through general theories of technical and domain- specific translations, these stemming from either Czech or foreign translatologists. The thesis also devotes some of its thoughts to the problem of text typology. It comments on the specific features of legal texts and contracts/agreements, gives individual issues concerning legal texts, delimits briefly different types of contracts and agreements and their terminology. Last but not least, the thesis introduces the importance of knowledge of particular geographical environments into which the text is intended to or from so that the translation of the text accurately corresponds to the original communication function.
The practical part of the thesis consequently uses the theoretical definitions and principles into practice for translation of a particular domain-specific text – a franchise contract. In this part, specific translator’s procedures are described, solutions for translation of questionable terms and phrases are suggested, the choice of vocabulary as well as of corresponding translation equivalents are defended. The text of the contract is also a part of the thesis, including a glossary of terms created by the author of the thesis herself. The author of the thesis is at the same time the author of the translated text.
Keywords: translatology, text types, domain-specific translation, legal text of a contractual nature, franchise contract, translation equivalent.
I would like to thank to my supervisor PhDr. Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx for her precise guidance, patience and time which helped me to create this thesis. I would also like to thank to TBU Zlin for giving me the opportunity to study here. Then I thank to my family for their big support.
1 TRANSLATION AS A DECISION PROCESS 12
1.1 Literal vs. liberal translation 13
2 TEXT TYPOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL STYLES 16
2.1 Text typology – describe, narrate, expose, argument, or instruct 16
2.2.1 Journalistic style and Publicistic style 19
2.2.2 Scientific and technical text style 20
2.2.3 Administrative style and the style of legal documents 21
4.1 Translated text of the franchise agreement 26
4.2 Franchise agreement and what it is 45
4.3 Commentary on the translation of the franchise agreement 45
4.3.1 Commentary on the stylistic, lexical/terminological, grammatical and
syntactic aspects, translation troubles experienced and their solutions 46
INTRODUCTION
According to Xxxx Xxxx, translation is a decision proces. The first decision a translator has to make is to choose the area of texts that one is about to deal with in their translation practice. A translator is either forever engaged in literary texts and their pregnant metaphors and the means of figurative speech. Or they decide for instructional, technical and other texts stemming from different fields of human actitivy that describe our everyday need to instruct, inform, warn and notify, etc.
The bachelor thesis deals with the latter type of texts – as Text Typology and Traslations edited by Xxxx Xxxxxxxx (1997) calls these texts so called domain-specific texts which is the reason why throughout the thesis, the term domain-specific is used to describe texts that are not artistic or literary. Such texts include all the technical texts, texts bound to specific domains of human activity. As the title of the thesis suggests, the main objective of the thesis is to describe and analyze work of a translator with legal texts, particularly with contracts and agreements.
Theory of translation becomes helpful in the first part of the thesis as it offers theorems for translation in general and pinpoints some methodological aspects of translation of domain- specific texts with a special focus on legal texts. Legal language and specifics of legal style are mentioned. Views and comments on general translation by such translation scholars such as Xxxx Xxxx, X. X. Xxxxx, X. X. Xxxxx and others are used to underlay the intitial theories for the practical part – the analysis of an authentic legal text – a franchise contract. Legal language is highly specific within the domain-specific text styles. Translation of legal documents may represent a time- as well as knowledge-demanding work that would require a certain level of expertise in both – the theory of translation and translating of legal texts. The thesis attempts to remain concise in theories and uses the theorems mentioned within the description of a legal document translation.
The aim of this thesis is to become a handy guide for any translator who decides for their way into legal texts translation. It aims to introduce the main principles of domain-specific translation in general, give a brief overview of text typology and styles, as well as provide practical help in dealing with translation of a legal document by describing translation of a franchise contract step by step and thus showing potential traps and pitfalls of a legal style.
I. |
1 TRANSLATION AS A DECISION PROCESS
As mentioned in the Introduction, translation is a decision-making process (Xxxx 1983, 33) Translators must make a major decision in their carreers, that is which specific domain of texts they are to become experts in. On the other hand they also face daily decisions on the methodology of translation, selection of the proper translation equivalents, choosing the level of formality, cultural adaptation, etc.
Translating a text is a linear and one-direction act (Levý, 1983, 33) and there are rules for this act to be performed. The relation between the source text (ST) and the target text (TT), ie. the original and its translation, is governed by numerous aspects. The target text is designed for a particular audience – ie. readers, users, participants, etc. – who are the addressees of the contents the text is to communicate. Levý lists twelve rules for translations, out of which ten are applicable on domain-specific texts and two to literary texts (particularly to poetry; and are not be mentioned in this thesis). They are listed in a logical order and become a necessary start-up point for a translator.
A text translated into a target language (TL) should comply with the following:
1. A translation must reproduce words of the original text.
2. A translation must be readable as is the original text.
3. A translation should be read as a text belonging to the times of the original text.
4. A translation may add or omit information in comparison with the original text.
(Levý 1983, 33)
However, these are not the only correct aspects of translations of original texts. A translator is free to decide whether they choose to respect the original text structuring and bind temselves to a so-called literal translation (see above); or whether they decide for translating ideas and convey implied meanings rather than word-for-word translation, a sc. liberal translation (see below).
1. A translation must reproduce the ideas of the original text.
2. A translation must be read as a translated text.
3. A translation should follow the style of the original text.
4. A translation should express the style of its translator.
5. A translation should be read as a text belonging to the times of its translator.
6. A translation should never add or omit information in comparison with the orginal text (Levý 1983, 33).
Translating is a process of deciding for a methodology that a translator accepts for their own. However, in spite of the fact that a translator may opt for a literal translation and keep the translation as respectful to the original as possible, there are cases in which such a translator must go for the one way or another of liberal translation as there may appear a lack of the means of expression between source and target languages (SL and TL). It means that there is no equivalence of words and/or collocations and idioms in the original text with the target language of the coveted translation (Xxxxx 2006).
There is not one correct methodology that is to be followed. Where Xxxx described the first group of literal translation, Knittlová contradicts with a statement that the tendency for modern translations is not a word-for-word substitution (even these translations are, however, relevant), a translator may rather choose such means of expression keeping connotational as well as pragmatic relevance of the source text (Knittlová 2000, 8). The choice of an appropriate strategy thus lies simply on the translator and allows them a certain level of benevolence and free choice of the means of expression. There is always, however, one and only rule - the translation must relate to the original text in its conveyed meaning and content.
1.1 Literal vs. liberal translation
The basic unit of translation is not a word/lexeme or a sentence. It is the text itself (Xxxxxxx 1988). Even in the literal translation there may appear deviations as the translator choses procedures in which one word of a ST does not have to correspond with its translational eqiuvalent within the TT; it can even not be equivalent in its semantics and grammar (Xxxxxxx 1988).
In literal translation we may find many types of translational processes – it is translating words for words, phrases for phrases or sentences for sentences. According to Xxxxxxx (1988, 68), literal translation is the basic type of translation. The agreement with such statement may be limited as a question arises to what extent such translating process fits translation of various text types. Source language texts can contain concepts with meanings that might not become understood in the text of the target language. In such cases, literal translation does not comply with the statement that the translation should reflect the contents of the original source language text. A translator is thus obliged to use other ways
to come up with transferring the original meaning into the translation in the TL. Problems and pitfalls that must be faced and solved may appear.
Very often, problems are caused by the source text (with no regards if it is a literary or non- literary/domain-specific text) which may contain words that cannot be translated into the TL text as an equivalent meaning does not exist in the TL. Most often these are such concepts that are only typical or expressable for one SL environment/culture and do not appear in the culture of the TL. This phenomenon, generally called non-equivalence (e.g. by Xxxxx 2006 or Xxxxxxx 1988) is labelled – cultural untranslatability by Knittlová (2000, 8). In such cases the solution may be in engaging free translation as a device for overcoming this gap with the following methods suggested by Knittlová (2000, 14):
• transcription – words/phrases/sentences of the ST is more or less transcribed into the TT
• calque – literal translation of a word from the ST into the TT (eg. potflower – hrnková květina) [this may be, however, easily substituted with a periphrastic re-statetement of what is being described in the ST; we dare say that calqueused to be a phenomenon appearing in the early translations and that today’s translators should devote more time to a creative solution for such situations in which a word or a phrase cannot be translated into the TL as there is no notion of this in the latter language or its culture]
• substitution – when a part of speech becomes substituted by another (eg. a noun by a pronoun and vice versa)
• modulation – which means modulation in the viewpoint (eg. angle-joint of the pump – koleno potrubí)
• equivalency
• adaptation – substitution of a non-existent situation with a similar situation known to the TL and its environment.
The above-mentioned division comes from two theoreticians of translatology, X. X. Xxxxx and X. Darbenlet (in Knittlová 2000). However, these methods complement other methods considered throughout the thesis and the opinions and arguments contained in this thesis when applying the methods of liberal translation in situations that require translator’s “creativity“. And this being particularly with the methods in which the lack of knowledge of certain phenomenons or semantical notions reflects in the TL. These are methods in which
the text is amplified – extended, and/or explained – ie., an explenatory note or information is added (the strategies observed by theroeticians such as Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx-Xxxxx, etc.). (Knittlová, 2000, 14) Other theoreticians describe various other strategies, however, these mostly seem to be the above-mentioned ones renamed.
Liberal or free translation, in comparison with the literal one, allows translators to undertake a certain level of free choice of expressing the original message of the text that we are translated. Very often free translation comes where the literal translation is not possible (such as the above mentioned non-equivalences between SLs and TLs), or when the text type allows the translator to read the text and reproduce its message without respect to grammar and syntax of the ST.
2 TEXT TYPOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL STYLES
The function of translation is merely communicative (or illocutionary), which means that the TT must convey the message of the ST. And here also the statement that the text should achieve as high the level of equivalency as possible at text level must be taken into consideration (Trosborg 1997, 14). How to transfer the meaning has been discussed in the previous chapter and the Practical part of the thesis also comments on them. Beside the strategies and methods of substituting, modulating, adapting and other methods mentioned above, recognition of a text type is as vital as the knowledge of the source and target languages of the translation.
2.1 Text typology – describe, narrate, expose, argument, or instruct
The communicative function of translation is complemented with another function – a rhetorical one (Trosborg 1997, 14). The rhetoric feature is connected with the functional style of the original ST, or rather with the typology of the text.
Puchala (2011, in Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 2006, 112) defines text typology as a certain system of classifying texts on the basis of the field they belong to, their genre and purpose as well as the type of discourse.
A text is the basis for translation – once you decide to translate, the complex (and comprehensive) unit of translation becomes the text (Xxxxxxx 1988, 39). It is not relevant how long the text is or what is the level of its informativeness (the information that it contains; the text must convey a meaning). That may represent a macro-view on the text that is to be translated and that the translation of its original form must carry the same information. As its basic unit, the text type must therefore be correctly analyzed for translation.
The text is always characterized by its cohesiveness, coherenece and informativeness. Cohesiveness of the text is formed by sentences that follow one another. It is “achieved by means of connectors, specific word order, repetitions, etc.“ (Puchała 2011 in Zeszyt 6/2011, 358). In other words, any cluster of sentences may be called a text unless the information contained is logically communicated.
A text is such a sequence of sentences that is created by its author and is aimed at its reader. An author is a sender of the text, its reader is the recipient/addressee. They are a sender and
a recipient of the message of the text, of a semantical-syntactic unit. More generally, “a text is a linguistic whole expressed orally or in writing not depending on the context“ (Puchała 2011 in Zeszyt 69/2011, 359).
Text types may be considered as groups of “patterns of messages for certain communicative situations“ (Xxxxx 1997, 30). That means that when an author is about to write a text with a specific content, it is the appropriate text type that must be taken into consideration first, followed the choice of lexis and other linguistic means. Text typology is a conventional set of features of a text – its communicative and rhetoric ones, eg., a contract or an agreement is bound to bear some cognitive properties typical only for contracts and agreements (as these are legislative documents and, these would be according to Xxxxxxxx (1997, 15) classified as instructions without option.
Xxxxxxxx also shows Xxxxxxx’x text typology of: description, narration, exposition, argumentation, and instruction (1997, 15), where
• description – describes relationships of concepts in space
• narration – narrates relationships of concepts in time
• exposition – general concepts put into coherence
• argumentation – concepts are contrasted to one another
• instruction – depicts future behavior
Xxxxxx X. Nida (in Xxxxxxx 1988, 13) distinguishes four types of literary as well as non- literary texts. These are as follows:
• Narrative texts – a dynamic sequence of events (characterized in the use of verbs, verb-noun phrases and phrasal verbs);
• Description – static state of things (the use of linking verbs, adjectivs, adjectival nouns prevails);
• Discussion – ideas and thoughts (abstract nouns, “thinking“ verbs, cognition verbs…);
• Dialogue – colloquial and phatic language.
The strategy for a choice of text type lies in the author of the text. However, the translator of the text must pay acute attention to the function of the text not only in regards to individual sentences and their semantics and syntax, but also to the function of the text. As such it must be evaluated by the translator. Once this prerequisite for a proper translation is
applied, misunderstanding of the message of the text and its communicative function may be prevented.
To recognize the text type of the text that is the subject of translation, the translator should become familiar with the context of the text and the features of its composition. The text type is recognized when the recipient/reader of the text realizes who is the sender/author/speaker of the text and in what way they address them (Xxxxx 1997, 31). The above mentioned may be supplemented with the following examples:
A reader of a recipe recognizes the informative and instructional features of this type of texts, or essays that bring ideas and thoughts that become developed and concluded. Certain text types require knowledge or at least a pre-knowledge to be able to read them. The translator plays a double-role of a recognizer of the text type and the mediator of the recognized text type to the TL and the target language readers/recipients. When a situation occurs in which a particular text type is not known to the target language audience, the translator must in such case once again take a decisive position and choose for one of the several options. The possible choice is either translation of the message and introduction of the text type of the ST into the TL culture/environment; or translation of the message and description of the source text type as a text type typical for the SL environment and will try to bring the message within a text type more typical for the SL culture.
2.2 Functional styles
Where semantics and syntactical relations govern the linguistic features of a text, creating methodology for distinction of text groups and different text types, the stylistics also offers several rules for discourse and for a successful transformation of a source message into its target translation. From the stylistic point of view, it is important to be familiar with functional text styles. The reader must be able to read the nature of the text that the author writes, and the translato translates.
The thesis deals only with those functional styles that are typical for written language, even though colloquial language in its spoken form is a recognized style of language. It is distinguished from its written form by its loose lexis and vocabulary and specific marked expressions.
The most common division of functional styles in English (according to Knittlová 2000, 121) differentiates the following styles of texts:
• Administrative style
• Scientific literature and technical texts style
• Journalistic style
• Publicistic style
• Belles-lettres style.
For its complexity as well as high-specificity of the means of expressions and the character of the style, the thesis does not deal either with the style of prose and poetry (belles-lettres style) with predominant esthetic function. Nevertheless, the esthetic function of any text that is written or generated may be discussed.
Each of the listed styles plays different functions in the discourse. All of them are generated by their senders (S) in order to be heard, understood and in order to convey a message to the primary recipient (R). However, not only the primary recipients are included in the texts. The secondary recipients, ie., recipients/addressees of the translation of the ST, must be taken into consideration as well (Xxxxx 1997, 38). Any sender of a text expects a reader and is bound to some sort of a context or situation for which it is generated. The same is consequently expected from a translation; an equivalent and adequate reaction of the recipient of the text to the translation as the original source text by its primary reader would evoke.
2.2.1 Journalistic style and Publicistic style
Journalistic style is a rather problematic style of English writings. The style allows a certain level of creativity as well as word plays. The language of newspapers (journalese) is condensed, full of journalistic cliches and long words and words of foreign origins (Knittlová 2000, 159). The typical formats are headlines and headings, news and reports, crosswords, recipes, weather forecasts and advertisements, announcements (Knittlová 2000, page). More than in any other styles, graphic form is very important.
On the other hand publicistic style texts often appear in newspapers and journals, however, they resemble to texts of administrative style or belles-lettres style. The function of this style and texts written in this style is to inform and persuade. Both texts may represent a great challenge to a translator because translating such texts means that the translator must be highly skilled not only at domain-specific technical texts, but also in more pregnant language
style of literary texts. Journalese requires creative thinking of a translator and publicistic style often resembles a story-telling text.
2.2.2 Scientific and technical text style
Scientific and technical text style is chracterized by its informative function and by its character of a matter-of-fact literature. The typical features of scientific and technical style is its “precision, aptness and concisesness” (Knittlová 2000, 137) together with “objectivity, explicitness, condensation (of noun phrases), emotional neutrality, logical syntax and sentence order and impersonal” addressing of the recipient (Knittlová 2000, 157). The typical stylistic text forms are essays (the oldest form of a scientific text), journal and research papers and reports.
The technical sphere has been the fastest-developing area of human activities. One of the most typical features of the scientific and technical style is the fact that new terms are constantly arising that are necessary for naming new concepts and phenomena in various technical domains. Terminologies are complemented with new terms and they often reflect the dynamics of the scientific development. Our times are filled with the high-speed media that bring scientific and technical findings to the whole world at incredible speed. A translator often faces a challenge when they translate a text bearing the new findings named with new terminology that is not yet codified or known to the international scientific context. Often a translator must be either well-informed on the terminology of the domain- specific text that is being translated, or they can consult an expert in the specific domain. Internationalisms offer a great advantage for the work of translators, especially in the IT sphere, as the terms used in the texts do not need to be translated, because they retain their international form. Examples include DVD, interface, USB, microport, printscreen and many others. Physics and chemistry may also offer terminology that is more or less international and their forms only undergoe changes and modifications in their transcription, e.g., when for instance a term quark from physics would be kvark in Czech (Knittlová 2000, 155).
2.2.3 Administrative style and the style of legal documents
For the sake of the thesis, the administrative style becomes a crucial style from the abovegiven division. Under the heading of an administrative style or the style of official documents any text with the character of a document with the features of its directness, objectivity, clarity, consistency and conciseness may be included in this category (Knittlová 2000, 127). Accuracy is another highly relevant feature of the style.
From the translation point of view, the administrative style is similar to the style of domain- specific texts (technical and scientific ones) and this may be underlain by a statement that often some knowledge of a particular terminology is required. The occurrence of abbreviations, non-emotional load of words and terms, as well as exactness is frequent (Knittlová 2000, 128).
Addressees of the administrative texts are frequently anonymous and thus the style is anonymous and impersonal. However, for example in the legal documents, there may appear texts that are addressed to a party of an agreement or of a proceeding who are explicitly named.
Legal documents and legal language make one of the types of texts of the division of administrative style texts. They are known to be highly specific in its terminology. Legal language creates hard-to-understand jargon among its users. However, as Chromá points out, even though the lawyers and users of legal English think they speak in legal terminology, legal English is understandable to the laymen when the context is known. (Chromá 2011, 9)
Legal English or Legalese is a language or the language style used by lawyers and officials working in the English legislative-constituting or legislative-applying institutions. The language of legal documents is intended to be as accurate and clear as possible. A legal text should “ensure that it says exactly what it (a composer of the text) wants it to say and at the same time gives no opportunities for misinterpretations” (Crystal 1988, 193). As other styles of English (and any other language) serve as communicative means for conveying information, the legal style or the style of legal documents is not marked by communicativeness. As Xxxxxxx and Xxxx (1988, 193) claim, this style is “the least communicative” of styles. It may be proved by having a look at all the styles in general. Where belle-lettres, journalese, publicistic style, and even the style of technical and scientific writings bring (often new) information to the reader of such texts, the administrative and
legal documents in particular serve frequently only to a limited number of readers as written documents of specific acts.
These may be for example contracts and agreements, wills and licenses, correspodence written in and containing legalese, but also “products” of the legislators’ activities such as acts, laws, bills; court pleadings, property documents. Legal professionals are educated in their sphere of activity and understand the form of language used in these documents. This may seem to be a mere knowledge of highly specific terminology which when understood and connected skillfully may give rise to a coherent text. However, there is more to it than only linking words or terms. The legal language must be unambiguous (which the natural language is not) and must evoke the exact meaning of the used terminology. Than it might seem that the legal document and its language “is copied directly from “form books““ (Crystal 1988, 194) and is not built-up only by a composer’s mind but rather by their knowledge and books.
Legal English contains only complete major sentences – no incomplete neither minor sentences appear in legal documents in English. Most of the sentences are statements, no questions and very few commands (Crystal 1988, 203). English legalese includes long sentences and complex text structures. The style is also typical for the use of archaic and loan words as well as collocations very often not understandable to general public (in English French and Latin phrases, terms and loan words as well as grammar of the both aforementioned languages frequently appear, for example the doublets of transitions of French or Latin forms into English such as aid and abet, or loans from Old French such as attorney).
Translators must face a number of constraints when dealing with a legal document. The first to be mentioned is the realization of what type of law is being translated by which the direction of the translation should be understood. For instance, the original source text is written in English and the translator translates into the Czech language. They are to realize the extra-linguistic origins of the text as well as the linguistic features of such text – the country (America or Britain, Australia or other English-speaking country) and its legal system (Common Law, Continental Law) with specific language (for example, the language of the Europeran Union for legal documents may use the same terms, however, naming different concepts).
In the Practical part of this thesis, the direction of translation is opposite. A franchise agreement which originated in the Czech Republic under the Czech legislation was
translated into English, and the circumstances, the translator’s decisions and solutions, including the specific issues of such translation will be mentioned and discussed.
3 HOW TO TRANSLATE
No universal method for the right way of translating a text has ever been proposed. This thesis rather aims at providing a potential translator with an overview of approaches to translating a text. From the author’s own experience, with the following steps observed, the translating process should be doable and the result successful:
• Read
• Reread
• Reproduce
• Read
• Back-translate
Read means to become familiar with the original ST to grasp the basic notion of its style, vocabulary and context. If the context is not known, a translator is obliged to do a short research of the situtation for which the text was or could have been designated. After this initial encounter with the text, the translator should reread it and once becoming familiar enough with the text, one may start reproducing it and translating into the TL. Read stands for reading the translation and testing whether it conveys the identical message with the ST, back-translation. This means spending more time on translating the translation back into the SL. The tranlation either deviates or copies (and this latter one is the desirable alternative) the original idea of the text.
As practical advice as this might seem, the theory of Xxxxxxx may underlie this above- mentioned procedure. Xxxxxxx describes a similar approach in his A Textbook of Translation.
To build on the theorems listed in the Theoretical part, the style of legal documents are dealt with in the Practical part of the thesis in greater detail. The analysis of a franchise agreement, its original text as well as translation are discussed in relation to the theory of legal language. At the same time, the characteristics of the particular field of legal documents – contracts and agreements and their language – will be discussed.
II. |
4 THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT
4.1 Translated text of the franchise agreement
The following is the text of the subject franchise agreement as assigned by the local company specializing in car-wrapping with foils and films protecting cars against external damage and/or providing special designs and effects to car bodies. The company works on the principle of franchises all around the world and is Czech-based. For this reason, there is the need for setting the relations among the management of the Czech company with its foreign offices and partners. The original agreement can be found as Appendix 1 to this thesis for possible comparison and confirmation of the translator's decisions for the lexis for the English translation.
The text of the translation:
FRANCHISE AGREEMENT
concluded on below given day, month and in below given year by and between the following parties:
WrapStyle s.r.o., a company with its seat in Brno - Zábrdovice, Příkop 843/4, the district of Brno-město, postal code 602 00, Czech Republic, IČ (identification number of a company): 293 04 849, registered in the Commercial Register kept by the Regional Court in Brno, Section C, File 72841, being the first party to the Agreement (hereinafter referred as "the Franchisor“)
and
[•], a company seated in [•], IČ (identification number of a company): [•],registered in the Commercial Register kept by [•]
[•], an entrepreneur registered in the Trade Register, with the place of business in [•], IČ (identification number of an entrepreneur): [•]
as the second party to the Agreement (hereinafter referred as "the Franchisee“)
the Parties to the Agreement also referred collectively as “Parties to the Agreement“ or individually as “a party to the Agreement“.
I. SUBJECT MATTER OF THE AGREEMENT
1.1 The basis of the Agreement is to govern the rights and obligations between the Franchisor and the Franchisee for the purpose of joint activities and presence in the market in the field of a sc. "wrapping" or also "carwrapping" (the definition given in article II of the Agreement), where the Franchisor undertakes under the below listed terms and conditions to provide the Franchisee against payment for their business activity with the right to use especially the Trade name, symbol and the know-how of the Franchisor.
1.2 The Franchisee undertakes to carry out their activities under the Agreement with professional care and in accordance with the Agreement so that the intangible assets nor the good name of the Franchisor and of the WrapStyle franchise system (hereinafter referred to as "Franchise System") would not be corrupted and do not suffer any damage.
1.3 The Parties to the Agreement undertake to mutually support and defend the Franchise System as described by the Agreement.
II. THE TERM "WRAPPING" or "CARWRAPPING"
The term "wrapping" or also "carwrapping" (hereinafter referred to under a single term "Wrapping") used in the Agreement represents mainly:
a) a special and unique way of car window tinting,
b) a special and unique way of car film-wrapping with a 3D colored foil,
c) a special and unique way of car film-wrapping with a 3D chrome foil,
d) a special and unique way of car film-wrapping with a carprotect foil,
e) a special and unique way of CarDesign film-wrapping,
f) a special and unique way of lights film-wrapping,
g) a special and unique way of aluminuim wheels film-wrapping and tinting,
in the way in which these these special and unique ways and methods (activities within Wrapping) specified in greater detail in Annex 1 of the Agreement.
III. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES TO THE AGREEMENT
3.1 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE FRANCHISOR
3.1.1 The Franchisor undertakes for the sake of the Agreement and for the period of its duration to provide the Franchisee with the following:
a) the right to use the Franchisor's Trade name and the related symbol (hereinafter referred to as "Symbol") within the area designated by Article IV of the Agreement, whereas the appearance of the Trade name and Symbol is stated in Annex No 2 of the Agreement on a scale necessary for the Franchisee's activities as per the Agreement;
b) the Franchisor's know-how through which the Franchisee will become acquainted with the working methods and processes of Wrapping;
c) a training of the Franchisee and their employees with a special emphasis on persons actually performing Wrapping in the field of the Franchisor's business activities; the scope, focus and specifications of the costs related to the training of the Franchisee to be further specified in Annex No. 3 of the Agreement;
d) against payment to supply the Franchisee with materials needed for Wrapping (foils, wrapping tools and accessories, etc.); the list of materials and other accessories including prices is stated in Annex No. 4 of the Agreement;
e) orders and questions related to the area of the Franchisee's scope of activities and orders and questions received by the Franchisor within the duration of the Agreement.
3.1.2 The Parties to the Agreement agreed that the rights cited in the previous point of this article may only be excercised by the Franchisee after:
a) The Franchisee will pay the Franchisor the entry franchise fee under Article IV of the Agreement and at the same time
b) the Franchisee will successfully undergo a training under poing 3.2.12 of the Agreement and the Franchisor will give their permission to the Franchisee to begin Wrapping activities.
The Parties to the Agreement further agreed that upon the payment of the entry franchise fee under Article IV of the Agreement, the Franchisor will provide the Franchisee with the following:
a) branding visualization of the Franchisee's Wrappingového workshop on the basis of detailed photographs and floor plans including the exact measures and sizes supplied by the Franchisee. After the visualization draft has been approved by both the parties, the Franchisee will ensure the branding realization at their own costs;
b) the web site and Facebook space for marketing purposes of the Franchisee;
c) targeted advertising on Facebook in the territorial area of the Franchisee's activities; advertising should be carried out in accordance with the style and the comprehensive marketing strategy of the Franchisor;
d) six corporate T-shirts; the Franchisee will be provided with any other T-shirt against payment of its purchase price at the cost of [•],- EUR + VAT
e) the proposal and print of 500 corporate business cards; the Franchisee will be provided with any other set of 500 business cards against payment for their purchase price of [•],- EUR + VAT;
f) promotional leaflets and materials design;
g) supply of 1000 promotional leaflets;
h) the design proposal of one vehicle of the Franchisee; wrapping of the vehicle; however, the costs for the material used to be paid by the Franchisee. If the Franchisee owns or uses more vehicles that serve for advertising purposes, the other vehicles are fully covered for by the Franchisee and carried out under the draft provided by the Franchisor;
i) a corporate e-mail address with the "xxxxxxxxx.xxx" ending;
j) a sampler of the offered materials;
k) documents, especially the custom list template, the handover report template, business and warranty terms and conditions;
l) a regular training held once a year during which the news in the field of film- wrapping or new foils;
m) consultancy related to the subject of the Agreement (technical support via Skype, telephone, e-mail, available every working day (by the Franchisor) from 8:00am to 4:00pm);
n) the general principles and procedures for dealings with clients;
o) cooperation with a professional designer while realizing orders and commissions; specific designer operations are charged and are subject to the pricelist listed in Annex No. 4 of the Agreement;
p) recommendations for the selection of the Franchisee's industrial and office premises including recommendations for their equipment and furnishing, design and layout;
r) consultancy in commercial management of the business the Franchisee's.
3.1.3 The Franchisor is entitled to continuously monitor and check on the Franchisee's activities and for this purpose the Franchisor or an authorized person thereof may at any time within the working hours enter the business premises of the Franchisee, even if without any prior notice. Any changes in the address of the business premises shall be reported to the Franchisor by the Franchisee without any unnecessary delay.
3.1.4 The Franchisor is entitled to (the Franchisor themselves and/or a person authorized to this act) check on the usage of the Franchisor's Trade name, dealing with and handling the Franchisor's know-how, procedures in dealing with the Franchisee's clients; to inspect the accounting books and other documents of the Franchisee; to make copies and listings of these, and to check on the data and information contained in these documents.
3.1.5 The Franchisor is entitled to monitor and check on the industrial and office premises of the Franchisee, their equipment and furnishing and design as presentation of the premises is a part of the marketing and belongs to maintaining the good name of the Franchisor; the Franchisor is entitled to give obligatory recommendations to the Franchisee and to set a reasonable time for a remedy, at least 30 days. If the Franchisee does not atone or arrange for a remedy, the Franchisor is entitled to withdraw from the Agreement.
3.1.6 The Franchisor is entitled to monitor and check on the premises where Wrapping takes place with a camera system (the minimum of 1 videocamera) that will be provided by the Franchisee, whereas the record will either be streamed, or will be stored on a memory medium for at least a three-month period of time since the day on which the record was made. The exact location of the camera (cameras) will be determined for the Franchisee by the Franchisor. The Franchisee undertakes to bear the costs for the installation, maintenance and operation of the camera system, particularly the costs for the consumed electrical energy. The Franchisee expressly declares to ensure the camera system installation prior to the business opening and agrees to audiovisual records to be taken within their business presmises.
3.1.7 In case the Franchisee does not have a graphic studio or a cooperating graphic designer, the Franchisor shall ensure the graphical design for the Franchisee; specific designer operations are charged and are subject to the pricelist listed in Annex No. 4 of the Agreement. However, if the Franchisee has a graphic studio or a graphic
designer, each Wrapping design designed for a client shall be in beforehand approved by the Franchisor (by their chief designer artist).
3.1.8 The Franchisor does not guarantee nor account for the Franchisee's activities and legal actions and is not responsible for products and or services provided by the Franchisee to their clients.
3.2 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE FRANCHISEE
3.2.1 The Franchisee undertakes to perform Wrapping activities at the premises address at: [•].
3.2.2 The Franchisee is entitled and at the same time obliged to use the Franchisor's Trade name and the Franchisor's Symbol within Wrapping activities, whereas they are not entitled to alter or modify at any manner the text and or the design of the Trade name and/or the Symbol without the prior written consent given by the Franchisor; they are obliged to pay a contractual fine at the amount of 2.000 EUR. This does not affect the Franchisor's right for compensation for damage.
3.2.3 The Franchisee undertakes for the period of duration of the Agreement and for the two consequent years after the termination of the Agreement, with no entitlement to any reward or other financial compensation, not to cooperate with any other company or business performing Wrapping, nor to carry out Wrapping themselves. If the Franchisee violates this condition, they are obliged to pay the contractual fine at the amount of 40.000 EUR to the Franchisor; this does not affect the Franchisor's right for compensation for damage.
3.2.4 The Franchisee undertakes to purchase at their own costs the necessary Wrapping equipment under the Franchisor's instructions. The Franchisor is entitled to determine the particular brands, types and numbers of pieces of the necessary technical equipment to the Franchisee, and the Franchisee undertakes to purchase such technical equipment at their own costs within 30 days since they received such an instruction on the part of the Franchisor.
3.2.5 The Franchisee undertakes at their own costs to adapt the appearance of the business premises, where Wrapping will be performed, to the Franchisor's instructions within the period of time determined by the Franchisor; however, this period of time shall not
be shorter than [•] days since the day on which the Franchisee became familiar with such an instruction from the Franchisor
3.2.6 The Franchisee undertakes to cooperate during the check carried out by the Franchisor, particularly to enable the Franchisor to access all the documents related to the business activities of the Franchisee, further, the Franchisor shall be enabled access to all the parts of the premises used by the Franchisee.
3.2.7 The Franchisee declares that they are conscious of the Franchisor's will expressed as well as implied in the Agreement which shall be introduced to the Franchisee during the duration of the Agreement to keep all facts and data contained secret. At the same time the Franchisee is conscious of the fact that the know-how and facts of the commercial, manufacturing or technical nature which will be accessible to the Franchisee or which the Franchisee will become familiar with during the duration of the Agreement, are of a confidential character and they undertake to ensure such information to be kept secret and confidential. If the Franchisee breaches this duty by disclosing any confidential information or fact to the third party, they are obliged to pay the contractual fine at the amount of 40.000 EUR to the Franchisor; t his does not affect the Franchisor's right for compensation for damage.
3.2.8 The Franchisee is entitled to compensation for damage towards the Franchisor in case the damage occured in causation with the Franchisor's activities under the Agreement. The Parties to the Agreement agreed that the amount of the damage is limited by the height of the monthly reward of the Franchisor as amended by Article IV. of the Agreement and which corresponds to the monthly fee of the Franchisor in a month in which the damage was caused.
3.2.9 The Franchisee is in all goings-on related to the activities under the Agreement obliged to act as an independent entity. The Franchisee is obliged to state the fact that they function as an independent entity in all correspondence, invoices, contracts and agreements, and other documents.
3.2.10 The Franchisee undertakes to keep an exact and detailed record of all their customers including the provided services and total prices. If the Franchisee violates this duty, they are oblged to pay the contractual fine at the amount of 2.000 EUR to the Franchisor; this does not affect the Franchisor's right for compensation for damage.
3.2.11 The Franchisee is obliged to a monthly, always by the 10th day of the calendar month following the month in which Wrapping service was provided, presentation of customer records to the Franchisor for the past calendar month together with the services provided and total prices in the electronic form as an e-mail to the Franchisor in an appropriate registration sheet the sample of which is the subject of Annex No. 5 of the Agreement. The Franchisee is obliged to support the facts and data included in the registration sheet with other documentary evidence (eg- invoices, orders and so on) so that there is no reasonable doubt that the information and facts in the records submitted are correct and true. Should the Franchisee violate this duty, they are obliged to pay the contractual fine at the amount of 2.000 EUR to the Franchisor for every individual violation. This does not affect the Franchisor's right for compensation for damage.
3.2.12 The Franchisee undertakes to ensure that eveny employee of the Franchisee has undergone the basic (entry) Wrapping training organized by the Franchisor. In this context, the Franchisee also agrees to ensure that Wrapping shall not be performed by persons who have not undergone a training organized and given by the Franchisor. The Franchisee undertakes not to initiate their activities under the Agreement (Wrapping) until they (their employees) have not participated in and successfully completed the inititial training organized by the Franchisor. The Parties to the Agreement unanimously declare that the Franchisor evaluated the skills and abilities of the Franchisee (the Franchisee's employees) prior to concluding of the Agreement with regards to the activities of Wrapping; in relation to the evaluation the Franchisee undertakes to ensure that their employees undergo the basic (entry) Wrapping training in the range of [•] days starting from [•]. The Franchisor reserves the right to prolong the duration of the training before this training is completed, or say that the Franchisee and their employees are obliged to perform Wrapping only when supervised by the Franchisor and/or the third person authorized by the Franchisor. For the avoidance of any doubt, it applies that the length and range of the basic training is unilaterally determined by the Franchisor in connection with the skills and abilities of the Franchisee (of their employees). After successful completion of the training, the Franchisee is issued a certificate by the Franchisor, on basis of which the Franchisee becomes entitlet to begin performing Wrapping actively.
3.2.13 The Franchisee undertakes to bear the costs related to the trainings, especially those related to the cash expenses for individual trained persons such as travel expenses, subsistence allowance, lodging expenses, and so on., and further expenses related to providing a vehicle designated for the training purposes. The details to be determined by Annex No. 3 of the Agreement.
3.2.14 The Franchisee undertakes to attend every training where the Franchisor introduces new products and services.
3.2.15 If the Franchisor finds any shortcomings in technical procedures and the quality of the work performed, the Franchisor is entitled to impose on the Franchisee the duty of re-training (at the Franchisee's expenses) of their employees in the field of the activity in question. By the time the particular technique or quality of work of the Franchisee and their employees corresponds to the Franchisor's requirements, the Franchisee is not entitled to perform Wrapping. By reason of this, the Franchisee is not allowed to ask any claim for compensation of incurred damage from the Franchisor. The Franchisee is obliged to organize such a training to take place 30 days at the latest since the incorrect technique is uncovered. Further details of the training are covered by Xxxxx Xx. 3 of the Agreement.
3.2.16 The Franchisee is entitled to advertise their Wrapping activities at their own costs. The type (nature) of advertising, regarding its content, form, colours used, amount, placing and size, as well as every graphical or audio advertisement proposal, should always be approved beforehand by the Franchiso. Only then the Franchisee becomes entitled to inititate their advertising.
3.2.17 The Franchisee is obliged to cooperate with the Franchisor on the Franchisor's marketing projects in the field of Wrapping.
3.2.18 The Franchisee underateks to produce and keep all documents necessary for the proper book-keeping. The Franchisee expressly agrees to have their accounting reviewed by an auditor selected by the Franchisor. The Franchisee is obliged to present the final accounts to the Franchisor always at the latest within 15 days of their completion.
3.2.19 The Franchisee is obliged to operate their business in accordance with all the valid legislation and regulations.
3.2.20 The Franchisee undertakes to the fact that during the duration of the Agreement, as well as after its termination, they will protect the good name and reputation of the Franchisor.
3.2.21 The Franchisee is obliged to provide the financial means from the Franchisor for a specific purpose, to use the means for the designated purpose exclusively, whereas the Franchisee is obliged to keep proper accounting about this and to keep the financial means within a single account. Once a year, the Franchisee should present the Franchisor with their accounting records, with how the finance was used and at what extent.
3.2.22 The Franchisee is obliged to make visual records (hereinafter referred to as “photographs“) of all executed commissions, whereas for every realized commission at least 5 photographs should be taken (1 photograph before the realization and 4 after the realization) with the resolution of at least 5 megapixel, a photograph must not be blurred. The Franchisee is obliged to present the photographs to the Franchisor within seven days of the completion of the commission realization at the latest. The Franchisee at the same time grants the Franchisor a temporarily and locally unlimited gratuitous right to modify these photographs and post them for the purpose of marketing support of the Franchise system.
3.2.23 The Franchisee undertakes to enable Wrapping of vehicles used by the Franchisee according to the design of the Franchisor.
3.2.24 The Franchisee is obliged at their own costs to send all the book-keeping materials and other documents requested by the Franchisor to the registered address of the Franchisor.
3.2.25 During the duration of the Agreement as well as after its termination the Franchisee undertakes not to apply for registration of the protected mark, designation, symbol and/or logo that is identical or can be mistakenly interchanged by regular customers for the Trade name, Designation and Symbol of the Franchisor / the Franchise system.
3.2.26 The Franchisee is not entitled to disconnect the camera (cameras) that were installed in the workshop and premises within the meaning of point 3.1.6 of the Agreement; to interrupt their connection, cover them or dismount. The Franchisee undertakes to ensure that the camera (cameras) installations and the consequent records making are done in accordance with all the legislation. The Franchisee at the
same time undertakes to compensate the Franchisor for any imposed penalties, damages, etc. that they would have to bear from the title of camera (cameras) installation and consequent record making.
3.2.27 The Parties to the Agreement hereby declare that the Franchisee reamins after conclusion of the Agreement legally as well as economically independent person, whereas they are not entitled to act in the place of the Franchisor, nor act as their agent. The Franchisee alone is responsible for the operations of their business. The Franchisee undertakes not to enter into any business partnership, not to enable any other person to become an open or dormant partner of their business. The Franchisee is not entitled to transfer their business operated by them under the Agreement onto the third party without prior written consent of the Franchisor.
3.2.28 The Franchisee undertakes to cooperate with other Franchisees of the franchise within the franchise network, as well as with the Franchisor.
3.2.29 The Franchisee undertakes to keep the franchise during the duration of the Agreement, even with its changes and accessories carried out by the Franchisor. The Franchisee is obliged to make the changes in the franchise immediately after they have been announced to them by the Franchisor.
3.2.30 The Franchisee is obliged to act according to and by the Agreement, instructions, orders and recommendations of the Franchisor in their activities. If these are lacking, the Franchisee is required to act with due care so that the results and consequences of their actions are in the interest of the Franchisor and the franchise network.
3.2.31 The Franchisee is obliged to maintain their business of their business activities under the Agreement in proper condition, including all the related premises. At the same time the Franchisee is required to maintain also the equipment of the business, is required to conduct regular maintenance of the exterior as well as the interior, to replace the equipment so that the franchise network reputation is enhanced.
3.2.32 The Franchisee undertakes in their business to only sell products and provide services under the Agreement.
3.2.33 The Franchisee is entitled to offer chromium foils to their clients. The application (adhesion) of the foils, however, may only be performed by the Franchisor or a person expressly authorized by the Franchisor to do so. Should the Parties to the Agreement not agree otherwise, the revenue from Wrapping with the chromium foil be divided equally between the Parties to the Agreement. Such a revenue of the Franchisee shall
not be accounted for in the total monthly turnover, from which the monthly remuneration of the Franchisor is calculated.
3.2.34 If the Agreement terminates before the compleation of one (the first) year of its effectiveness for reasons on part of the Franchisee, the Franchisee undertakes to pay all the expenses related to the preparation and material supply and also of other documents necessary for the Franchisee to start their activities under the Agreement, including the entry and other trainings; all of this under the situation when these materials, documents and trainings of the Franchisee were supplied / provided to the Franchisee at a discounted price.
3.2.35 The Franchisee is not entitled without a written consent of the Franchisor to refer to the third party any commisssion that would be established on the basis of the Agreement towards the Franchisora. The Franchisee is neither entitled to unilaterally account for any of their obligations towards the Franchisor.
IV. REMUNERATION OF THE FRANCHISOR
4.1 The Franchisee undertakes for the provision of rights under the Agreement to pay the Franchisor the initial franchise fee at the amount of 3.500 EUR per a business premise (the definition to be found below) within 15 day of the day of the conclusion of the Agreement.
4.2 The Franchisee also undertakes to pay the Franchisor a monthly remuneration per their one business premise when a business premise for the purposes of this Article of the Agreement we understand any premises with the area of 80-150m² of working area and at minimum 2 and at maximum 6 employees carrying out their activities in this one business premise). The monthly remuneration consists of two parts – the fixed part at the amount of 625 EUR and the moving one at the rate of 7% of the monthly turnover (all the total prices invoiced without VAT). The monthly remuneration is payable at the latest by the 10th day of the following calendar month.. The appropriate VAT rate will be added to this amount. The monthly remuneration is calculated in EUR.
In order to eliminate all doubts related to the subject of remuneration, the Parties to the Agreement cite the following as an example: the Franchisee bills monthly 200.000 EUR excluding VAT, 7% of the turnover will be calculated out of which, ie. 200.000
EUR x 0,07 = 14.000,- EUR, the fixed monthly fee of 625 EUR is added = 14.625,- EUR. The monthly remuneration of the Franchisor in this case is 14.625 EUR + the appropriateVAT rate.
4.3 The Franchisee is obliged to issue proper accounting documents and receipts for all of their receivables – to issue invoices numbered with consecutive numbers.
4.4 The Franchisee is obliged to require financial reward for their services at the amount corresponding to the price policy of the Franchisor; for these purposes the Franchisee is required to cooperate with the Franchisor and the Franchisor is obliged to provide the Franchisee with the necessary information.
4.5 In case of a default of the remuneration payment or of any other financial obligation under the Agreemtn on part of the Franchisee, the Franchisee is obliged to pay the contractual fine at the rate of 0,05% of the amount owed to the Franchisor. This does not affect the right for compensation for damage.
V. REMUNERATION OF THE FRANCHISOR PAYMENT METHODS AND OF OTHER PAYMENTS
V.1The Party to the Agreement is required to pay on time and properly all the financial obligations arisen between the Parties to the Agreement based on the Agreement by a bank transfer to the below stated bank account of the other Party to the Agreement.
a) Banking details of the Franchisor: Account number: [•] Bank name: [•]
Bank address: [•]
SWIFT: [•]
IBAN: [•]
b) Banking details of the Franchisee: Account number: [•] Bank name: [•]
Bank address: [•]
SWIFT: [•]
IBAN: [•]
V.2 The monetary obligation is considered settled at the moment the amount determined under the Agreement is credited to the relevant bank account.
VI. LOCATION AND DESIGNATED AREA
6.1 The Franchisee is entitled to perform the rights and obligations under the Agreement only in the area of [•]. The Franchisor grants a regional exclusivity to the Franchisee in the above mentioned area provided the demand for their Wrapping services will not far outreach the offer of the Franchisee – in such case, the Franchisor is entitled, after the matter has been discussed with the Franchisee, to let the franchise to another body with the local operation of the Franchisee.
6.2 The Franchisee is entitled to perform Wrapping in other countries also, however, provided the Franchisor has granted a previous written consent.
VII. DURATION OF THE AGREEMENT, TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT
7.1 The Agreement is concluded for an unspecified period of time. If not stated otherwise in the Agreement, the Agreement terminates:
7.1.1 by an agreement of the Parties to the Agreement;
7.1.2 by withdrawal from the Agreement;
7.1.3 by termination of the Agreement;
7.1.4 by the date a judgment of the Criminal Court comes into effect, which is condemning the Franchisee or their agent for a property crime.
7.2 The Franchisor is entitled to withdraw from the Agreement when:
7.2.1 the Franchisee breaches any duty set by the Agreement or by appropriate legislation. Should a reason for withdrawal from the Agreement arise, the Franchisor is obliged to inform the Franchisee on their intentions in writing before the Franchisor withdraws from the Agreement and to grant the Franchisee additional time of 15 days for replacing the reasons for withdrawal and for putting matters into the condition where no violation remains, by paying amounts owed or by compensation for damage or by any other suitable means. If the reason for withdrawal is eliminated during the 15-day period, the Franchisor's entitlement to withdraw for this reason terminates. If
the matter are not put in order, the Franchisor shall become entitled to withdraw from the Agreement after the expiration of the 15-day period.
7.2.2 the Franchisee stops business;
7.2.3 the Franchisee loses the permissions necessary for operation of business, or underaking;
7.2.4 the Franchisee provided false information and data on their business performances when concluding the Agreement;
7.2.5 the Franchisee during the duration of the Agreement presents false data on their business performances to the Franchisor;
7.2.6 the Franchisee goes into liquidation or when an insolvency proceeding has been inititated or any other proceedings related to property matters.
7.3 The withdrawal from the Agreement does not affect the right of the Franchisor for remunearation according to Article IV. of the Agreement and other amounts owed and arisen from this contractual relationship. The withdrawal from the Agreement does not affect compensation for damage incurred upon the breach of the Agreement, neither affects the arrangements to resolve conflicts between the Parties to the Agreement, nor does affect the duties and obligations of the Parties to the Agreement established by the Agreement.
7.4 Each Party to the Agreement is entitled to, without stating a reason, terminate the Agreement upon a written notice. The notice period is 3 months and starts on the first day of the calendar month following the month in which the notice was delivered to the other Party to the Agreement.
VIII. CONSEQUENCES OF TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT
8.1 By termination of the Agreement, the rights of the Franchisee, particularly the right to use the Trade name, Symbol, as well as the know-how of the Franchisor, are cancelled. The Franchisee is obliged to hand the catalogues, brochures, or their copies, and other materials related to the Franchise system and / or Wrapping over to the Franchisor; those materials that the Franchisee was given with the regards to the conlusion of the Agreement or which the Franchisee acquired during their business
operation, and they are obliged to do so within 5 working days of the day of the Agreement termination.
8.2 The Franchisee is not entitled to pledge or lien the property belonging to the Franchisor, and is neither entitled to pledge all the materials, leaflets, brochures and catalogues provided to them for their disposal.
8.3 The Franchisee undertakes to remove from the exterior as well as the interior equipment and furnishing of their business premises (workshhop, office, etc.) all the logos, signs and symbols, and other designations characterizing the Franchise system of the Franchisor and the Franchisee themselves within the day following the day of the Agreement termination. Should this period not be upheld, the Franchisee understands that this duty will be carried out by the Franchisor or another person authorized by the Franchisor, whereas the expenses related to the removal will be charged to the Franchisee and the Franchisee shall commit to pay the expenses within 15 days of the submission of the written statement.
8.4 After all the logos, signs and symbols, and other designations under the previous point, the Franchisee is obliged to destroy these by the manner and in the time period determined by the Franchisor.
8.5 If the duties and obligations under this Article should not be met, the Franchisee undertakes to pay the contractual fine at the amount of 40.000 EUR to the Franchisor per every single violation. The contractual fee is payable within 14 days of the day when the Franchisee receives the written notice to pay the fine. The right for compensation for damage is not affected by this.
IX. OTHER GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS
9.1 Notifications. Unless stated otherwise by the Agreement, any notification, requirement or any other communication to the Franchisor or the Franchisee shall appear in writing. Such a notification, requirement or any other communication shall be considered properly performed when delivered to the Party to the Agreement, who shall or may be delivered with a notification, requirement or any other communication in person or via registered mail to the below stated address or any other address which was announced by the Party to the Agreement to the other Party to the Agreement:
a) the Franchisor:
e-mail:
b) the Franchisee:
e-mail:
Any other notification made under the Agreement will be considered delivered:
(i) by the day of physical delivery of the notification, provided it was delivered in person or via courier services, or by the day on which the delivery of the notification was rejected; or
(ii) by the day on which the response was denied without a reason; or
(iii) by the day on which the delivery was signed on an appropriate advice of delivery if sent as registered mail; or
(iv) no later than on the third day after the notification (message) was sent via e- mail; or
(v) no later than the twentieth day after the date of submitting the document to the postal services if the document was returned to the sender as undelivered (not picked up after its depository period).
9.2 Copies of the Agreement: The Agreement is signed in two copies in the English language, each Party to the Agreement receives one copy of the Agreement, both of which have the validity of the original document.
9.3 Settlement of disputes. The Parties to the Agreement agree to pursue and strive for an amicable solution of their disuptes, discrepancies or claims under the Agreement, or of any other matter related to the Agreement. Should the Parties to the Agreement fail to reconcile any disputes or discrepancies within an appropriate period of time, not longer than thirty (30) days, these disputes or discrepancies shall be finally resolvedby three arbitrors from the Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic according to the order of this court. The place of the proceedings to be in Prague. Each Prarty of the Agreement shall appoint one arbitror from the list of arbitrors filed at the Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamberof the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic. No later than thirty (30) days after they were nominated, the two elected arbitrors will nominate the third arbitror. Should they fail to do so, the third arbitror shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Arbitration Court. The Czech language shall be the language of the proceedings.
9.4 Changes and amendments. The Agreement, including any and all annexes, represents the entire and complete agreement between the Parties to the Agreement on the subject of the Agreement, and replaces any and all previous agreements, written or oral, related to the subject of the Agreement. Any changes and amendments to the Agreement shall be executed in writing and signed by the both Parties to the Agreement.
9.5 Governing Legislation. The Agreement is governed and interpreted in accordance with the applicable legislation of the Czech law with the exclusion of the conflicts of law. The legal relationships of the Parties to the Agreement that are not expressly provided for by the Agreement, are governed by the provisions of the Commercial Code and other generally binding legal regulations of the Czech Republic.
9.6 Severability clauses. Should any provision of the Agreement be found invalid, ineffective or controversial and or should some be missing, be it in regards to the applicable law or in regards to its changes, the other provisions of the Agreement remain unaffected by this fact. Instead of the particular provision, a relevant provision of the applicable generally binding legislation comes into effect that is in its nature and purpose most relevant to the intended purpose of the Agreement, or when no such regulation appears within the legislation, the means for solution come into effect that are common in business relations. If in some cases the given solution is not possible or suitable and the Agreement might become invalid or questionable, the Parties to the Agreement undertake without any delay to conclude a new agreement which shall remove the potential ground for invalidity and the existing services shall be counted for fulfillment by the Parties to the Agreement. The terms and conditions of the new agreement shall stem from the original Agreement and shall be as close as possible to the purpose agreed on by this agreement.
9.7 Declaration of the Parties to the Agreement. The Parties to the Agreement hereby declare that they have the full legal capacity for legal acts and are authorized to enter into the Agreement, and that the Agreement was drawn up according to their true, serious and free will, for which they confirm the content of the Agreemnt with their signatures below.
9.8 Annexes to the Agreement. The following annexes are an integral part of the Agreement:
Annex No. 1 – A detailed description of theWrapping activities of the Franchisor
Annex No. 2 – The appearance of the Trade name and the Symbol Annex No. 3 – Training guidelines
Annex No. 4 – The list and pricelist of materials and other accessories Annex No. 5 – Registration sheet sample
9.9 Assumption of liability. The below signed person dealing on behalf of the Franchisee (hereinafter referred to as"the Guarantor") hereby declares that they will satisfiy the Franchisor if the Franchisee fails to fulfill the pecuniary obligation towards the Franchisor stemming from the Agreement, even when this obligation arises at any time following the day of the conclusion of the Agreement. The Franchisor is entitled to demand the fulfillment from the Guarantor in case the Franchisee does not meet the obligation payable within 30 days since the day when they were asked by the Franchisor in writing to meet the obligation. The Parties to the Agreement with assumption of libaility by the Guarantor fully agree. The arrangements undet point 9.5 of the Agreement apply also for the validity and effect of the assumption of libaility.
9.10 Validity and effectiveness. The Agreement shall enter into force upon the day of its signing by both the parties of the Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the Parties to the Agreement to the below given date signed the Agreement.
WrapStyle s.r.o. | [• Franchisee's name] | |||
First and last name: | [•] | First and last name: | [•] | |
Position of: | [•] | position of: | [•] | |
place: | [•] | place: | [•] | |
date: | [•] | date: | [•] |
WrapStyle s.r.o.
First and last name: [•] Position of: [•]
place: [•]
date: [•]
[• Guarantor's first and last name] date of birth: [•] address of residence [•]
place: [•]
date: [•]
4.2 Franchise agreement and what it is
A franchise agreement is a document issued for setting relationships between two parties – the Franchisor (a person who is the bearer and the owner of the establishing rights of a business) whose name, themes and works are transferred onto another party – the Franchisee. The two parties are legally and financially independent, however, they are bound with the concept of one business. The Franchisor provides the right to the Franchisee to conduct their own business under the guidelines of the Franchisor (the rights and duties). The common denominator in this matter is the remuneration – a certain, by the agreement bound amount of money paid by the Franchisee to the Franchisor on the regular basis for doing so – for conducting their own business with the Franchisor's know-how (Xxxxxxxxxx, 2005, 4).
4.3 Commentary on the translation of the franchise agreement
Primarily, the translator has to realize what the environment of the franchise agreement is and for which linguistic environment its translation should be designed. In this case, the original company is Czech-based so all the documents that are written and produced are primarily in the Czech language. However, with the evolving and expending market of services, there arises the need for translation of these documents (and other text materials such as marketing and promotion documents, leaflets, etc.) into languages in which the company communicates with their new partners-to-be, with new franchisees who are about to become the bearers of the company's know-how, corporate colours, logos and other features so typical for the original company. The languages in which the company deals and negotiates with the franchisees is English. Even though there may be differences among the individual foreign legal systems within the field of commercial law and despite the fact all these differences would have to be taken into account should the agreement be drafted in the languages of these individual foreign legal systems, the situation described here underlies the fact that a Czech-based company provides and passes their rights and duties to another party who functions under the Czech-based company's system of work. The Czech company names the rights and duties, as well as penalties and other provisions which are applicable to whoever enters into the business and legal relationship with the company under the Agreement.
4.3.1 Commentary on the stylistic, lexical/terminological, grammatical and syntactic aspects, translation troubles experienced and their solutions
4.3.1.1 Style of legal language
Legal style is comprised of grammatical and lexical means which are compact and thus allow the legal language to affect all legal situations and activities (Xxxxxxx 2003, 27); it is also complemented with the specific terminology with the overlap into the domain-specific terminology (according to which social, commercial and other domain is being the subject of the legal document).
The style of the franchise agreement is the administrative style. Franchise agreements are known among the legal drafters to be simpler than other commercial contracts and agreements, however, with the need for the precision of language and lexis used. The agreement is structured into paragraphs numbered in Roman as well as Arabic numbers to indicate the articles (Xxxxx xxxxxxxx) and paragraphs (Arabic numerals) of the separate provisions and points of the agreement.
4.3.1.2 Lexical analysis
The lexical level of the agreement is formed by legal terminology and the set phrases used specifically in the legal context. The terminology of the agreement is the terminology of commercial law. Nevertheless, the agreement covers a specific domain of a human activity – car wrapping – so a certain knowledge of this area is required from the addressee of the agreement – the franchisee; as well as from the translator of the document (to whom this knowledge may only be beneficial as it may ease the translation work in which they must combine their knowledge of the legal terminology as well as the high specificity of the domain for which the text was designed).
The very first highly significant decision of the translator was to name the document correctly in English. The British National Corpus offered eight entries of the phrase franchise agreement which may seem rather a small number, however, for franchise contract, no entry was found. The result of the search at the Corpus of Contemporary American English was also in the favour of franchise agreement (with 25 occurences to 5 of franchise contract). The Eur-Lex database – the database of the European legislation and its translation into individual European languages including Czech – showed a lesser difference between the contract and agreement in collocation with the attribute of franchise, however, this still in favor of the final title of the document – the franchise agreement. Chromá also proves the correctness of the choice when she says that “A contract is a binding agreement.” (2011, 275). It means that all the contracts are always agreements (which does not apply the other way round), so the equivalent of the Czech word smlouva may in English be either contract or agreement. The decision of the translator then partly relies on the custom usage in different legal systems.
The parties to the contract, here to the agreement, were the second decision. As the subject of the agreement is franchising, the parties then are the Franchisor and the Franchisee for the Czech equivalents of Poskytovatel and Nabyvatel. Even though Chromá in her dictionary of English-Czech legal terminology called Anglicko-český právnický slovník (2010, 140) states that a franchisee is the Czech “koncesionář” or “provozovatel licence”; and a franchisor (or even franchiser) is “prodejce licence/koncese”. In spite of the fact that Xxxxxx (2010, 144) says that nabyvatel is in English “assignee, assign; grantee; successor”; and poskytovatel (franšízy) will then be “franchisor” (2010, 244). Tthe decision was then made for franchisee and franchisor, for after the research of the authentic franchise agreements these were used in all the cases. “A franchisee may be an individual or a corporation or, in some cases, a partnership” (Hoffer Adler LLP April 12, 2015) – in all instances, however, the word franchisee means the umbrella legal term for any of the aforementioned. So despite the translated text is only a draft of the agreement and is not designed for one and only specific entity, the term is be specified and identified by the contractor – the franchisor when the situation arises.
The title of the document (the Franchise Agreement or the Agreement), as well as the titles of the parties to the agreement (the Franchisor and the Franchisee) are capitalized because they denote one subject that is highly obvious from the text as well as the context for which the Agreement was designed.
The titles of the articles of the Agreement
The individual articles of the Agreement are numbered in Arabic numerals and their titles are capitalized. All contracts (usually the commercial ones) and agreements must fulfill certain elements of the agreement or contract and thus rather familiar headings of the articles may be encountered also within the Franchise Agreement. The following are excerpts from the original agreeement as translated by the translator and author of the thesis but these may also serve as the general contractual articles.
I. PŘEDMĚT SMLOUVY – SUBJECT MATTER OF THE AGREEMENT
• in several commercial contracts the heading can be found saying: the Subject of the contract/agreement, however, the subject matter is the dictionary entry of Chromá's Česko-anglický právnický slovník (2010, 276).
II. POJEM "WRAPPING" nebo "CARWRAPPING" - THE TERM “WRAPPPING” or “CARWRAPPING”
• this is the only title of the contractual article which is not found in any other agreement/contract unless another agreement/contract from the field. This article describes and clarifies the area for which the agreement was established even though it could be thought that it must be clear for the parties to the agreement for what area of human activity the agreement is established. The article also represents the first extra-linguistic challenge when it demands at least the minimum knowledge of the field described from the translator.
III. PRÁVA A POVINNOSTI SMLUVNÍCH STRAN – RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES TO THE AGREEMENT
IV. ODMĚNA POSKYTOVATELE – REMUNERATION OF THE FRANCHISOR
• the choice to translate the Czech odměna as remuneration was at first quite difficult. The franchising legal sources include also the terms such as fees,
e.g. “initial franchise fee”, “royalty fee” (meaning the regular payment of the Franchisee to the Franchisor) (Hoffer Adler LLP April 12, 2015); however, franchising most frequently deals with the term of remuneration, e.g. “The developer franchisee gets a monthly or a yearly remuneration as a lump sum
amount.” (Sidhpuria 2009, 87) or “The remuneration typically consists of a portion of the interest paid by you to…” (Xxxxx 2002, 158).
V. ZPŮSOB PLATBY ODMĚN POSKYTOVATELE A OSTATNÍCH PLATEB – REMUNERATION OF THE FRANCHISOR PAYMENT METHODS AND OF OTHER PAYMENTS
VI. ÚZEMNÍ PŮSOBNOST – LOCATION AND DESIGNATED AREA
• The translation had been already submitted to the Company which had assigned the translator with the translation task and only after the submittance the translator consulted the legal dictionary by Chromá where územní působnost should be translated as local applicability. This phrase is, however, used mainly for the applicability of a law or jurisdiction, and so the location and designated area should conveniently address the subject of the article – ie. delimitation of a geographical or regional area within which the Franchisee is to become authorised to perform and conduct their business under this Agreement. The title of the article expresses clearly that a geographical area is considered and thus the translator felt the urge to avoid the use of the word applicability.
Set phrases
Contractual language is as well as general legal language full of set phrases which serve in Czech and in English as set phrases. Translators thus do not have to spend excessive time on studying of authentic materials and documents and only supply the phrases in the original document with their English equivalents. The first several set phrases may be found in the titles of the articles of the Agreement as seen above. For example:
VII. DOBA TRVÁNÍ SMLOUVY, UKONČENÍ SMLOUVY – DURATION OF THE AGREEMENT, TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT
VIII. NÁSLEDKY UKONČENÍ SMLOUVY – CONSEQUENCES OF TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT
IX. DALŠÍ OBECNÁ A ZÁVĚREČNÁ USTANOVENÍ – OTHER GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS
Set phrases may also be found in:
Article IV. PRÁVA A POVINNOSTI SMLUVNÍCH STRAN – RIGHTS AND
OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES TO THE AGREEMENT
Other set phrases may then be found within the text of the Agreement and they are for instance the following:
• (smlouva) uzavřená níže uvedeného dne, měsíce a roku mezi následujícími stranami
translated as (the Agreement) concluded on below given day, month and in below given year by and between the following parties
• Společnost se sídlem, IČ, zapsaná v obchodním rejstříku vedeném, podnikatel zapsaný v živnostenském rejstříku, místem podnikání… translated as a company seated in, IČ (identification number of a company), registered in the Commercial Register kept by, an entrepreneur registered in the Trade Register, with the place of business in, IČ (identification number of an entrepreneur)
• smluvní strany dále též společně nazývány jako „smluvní strany“ nebo jednotlivě jako „smluvní strana“
translated as the Parties to the Agreement also referred collectively as “Parties to the Agreement“ or individually as “a party to the Agreement“
• být oprávněn translated as be entitled to
• zavazovat se translated as to undertake
• Tato smlouva nabývá platnosti a účinnosti dnem jejího podpisu oběma smluvními stranami.
translated as The Agreement shall enter into force upon the day of its signing by both the parties of the Agreement.
• NA DŮKAZ ČEHOŽ smluvní strany k níže uvedeném dni podepsaly tuto smlouvu.
translated as IN WITNESS WHEREOF the Parties to the Agreement to the below given date signed the Agreement.
How to translate s.r.o. and IČ
One of the translation issues in legal translation is how to translate such abbreviations as s.r.o., a.s., but also IČ, DIČ, and the abbreviations appearing in the references to laws and jurisdiction. The translation of the franchise agreement included also such a decision.
Particularly in the case of s.r.o. and XX, as no reference to jurisdiction is included in the agreement.
The abbreviation of s.r.o. appears in the name of the company and as such must appear in the translated text in an unaltered form. The company is thus listed as WrapStyle s.r.o. The Czech concept of a s.r.o company does not represent an equivalent to what in English is called a limited liability company. The translator thus should not be using a translation equivalent of ltd to replace the s.r.o. abbreviation of the Czech original. However, the abbreviation may in some texts be explained in the brackets such as, for example, a company's form indicated as a s.r.o. in Czech in certain aspects corresponds to the limited liability company.
Another issue which was in the translation solved in the same way as the case above is the abbreviation of IČ or IČO meaning the company identification number (Chromá in Česko- anglický právnický slovník, 2010, 102). As this is an abbreviation, the tendency is to keep the Czech form of the abbreviation also in English with an explanation in the brackets (such as seen in the translated Agreement), or in the full words of the English equivalent without being abbreviated according to the initial letters of the English equivalent (into for instance CIN or such).
Pronominal adverbs: thereof, hereby, hereinafter
Pronominal adverbs are one of the most typical features of the legal style. They are to replace names and phrases and they are used so that the names and phrases are not repeated throughout the legal text. The most-known are thereof, hereby, hereinafter which also appear in the translation of the Agreement in these examples:
• Poskytovatel je oprávněn průběžně kontrolovat činnost Nabyvatele a za tímto účelem může Nabyvatel nebo jím pověřený zástupce kdykoliv v běžné pracovní době vstoupit do provozovny Nabyvatele, a to i bez předchozího upozornění. translated as The Franchisor is entitled to continuously monitor and check on the Franchisee's activities and for this purpose the Franchisor or an authorized person thereof may at any time within the working hours enter the business premises of the Franchisee, even if without any prior notice. – thereof stands for the Franchisor who authorizes a person to supervise the premises of the Franchisee.
• Níže podepsaná osoba jednající jménem Nabyvatele (dále jen "Ručitel")
prohlašuje, že uspokojí Poskytovatele, jestliže Nabyvatel vůči němu nesplní peněžitý závazek vyplývající z této smlouvy, a to i když tento závazek vznikne kdykoliv po dni uzavření této smlouvy. translated as The below signed person dealing on behalf of the Franchisee (hereinafter referred to as “the Guarantor“) hereby declares that they will satisfiy the Franchisor if the Franchisee fails to fulfill the pecuniary obligation towards the Franchisor stemming from the Agreement, even when this obligation arises at any time following the day of the conclusion of the Agreement. – hereby is often used where in Czech the phrase is „tímto prohlašuje“; it is noticeable that no tímto is used in the original paragraph of text; however, English text would with highest probability use hereby in collocation with declares and so the translator used the pronominal adverb without having the Czech counterpart expressed in the source text.
4.3.1.3 Grammar and sentence-structure of the Agreement
The grammatical apsects of the Agreement are quite simple as they often reflect the simple and clearly stated phenomena. The tenses used within the Agreement are predominantly present tense and future tense as the Agreement governs and modifies relations that are present and/or that will become applicable in the future. From this perspective, the Agreement becomes understandable in relation to fulfilling the guidelines and rules for the parties to the agreement and consequences of having breached the obligations of the parties to the agreement, particularly the Franchisee.
The person is not always reflected in number because, as was already stated above, the Franchisee does not only have to be an individual and so the universal and general solution was used as shown in the following example:
Poskytovatel neručí ani neodpovídá za činnost a právní úkony Nabyvatele a nenese
žádnou odpovědnost ani za výrobky či služby poskytované Nabyvatelem jeho zákazníkům.
translated as The Franchisor does not guarantee nor account for the Franchisee's activities and legal actions and is not responsible for products and or services provided by the Franchisee to their clients.
Concerning the voice of the Agreement, the Czech original document abounds in active voice which the translator maintained also for the translation of the Agreement. In spite of the fact that passive voice is more common in legal texts especially in the Czech language,
English has the tendency to make the information more active. The transposition of the passive into active voice and vice versa was not necessary here as the author of the Czech original document omitted the passive constructions already at the beginning of the text emergence. In other Czech legal texts and contracts, passive voice would prevail and the translator would stand before a decision to be made whether they would maintain it or transpose the passive constructions into their active counterparts of the English translation. The sentences within the Agreement are usually longer simple sentences, condensed compound or complex sentences. In comparison with the majority of legal documents and texts, the Czech original agreement is well-understandable even though it contains numerous compound and complex sentences. Most frequently, however, the sentences are long, often stretching throughout the whole paragraphs of text.
For example:
4.2 Nabyvatel se dále zavazuje platit Poskytovateli měsíční odměnu za jednu svou provozovnu, kdy provozovnou se pro účely tohoto článku smlouvy rozumí jakýkoliv prostor o výměře 80-150m² pracovní plochy a minimálně 2 a maximálně 6 pracovníků vykonávající svou činnost v této jedné provozovně). Měsíční odměna se skládá ze dvou částí a to fixní ve výši 625 EUR a pohyblivé ve výši 7% z měsíčního obratu (veškeré fakturované částky bez DPH). Měsíční odměna je splatná nejpozději do 10. dne následujícího kalendářního měsíce. K této částce bude připočtena příslušná zákonná sazba DPH. Měsíční odměna je počítána v měně EUR. Smluvní strany pro vyloučení všech pochybností týkajících se odměňování uvádějí následující příklad: Nabyvatel za měsíc vyfakturuje 200.000 EUR bez DPH, z toho se vypočte 7% z obratu, tedy 200.000 EUR x 0,07 = 14.000,- EUR, k tomu se připočte stálý měsíční poplatek 625 EUR = 14.625,- EUR. Měsíční odměna Poskytovatele v tomto případě činí 14.625 EUR + příslušná sazba DPH.
translated as
4.2 The Franchisee also undertakes to pay the Franchisor a monthly remuneration per their one business premise when a business premise for the purposes of this Article of the Agreement we understand any premises with the area of 80-150m² of working area and at minimum 2 and at maximum 6 employees carrying out their activities in this one business premise). The monthly remuneration consists of two parts – the fixed part at the amount of 625 EUR and the moving one at the rate of 7% of the monthly turnover (all the total prices invoiced without VAT). The monthly
remuneration is payable at the latest by the 10th day of the following calendar month. The appropriate VAT rate will be added to this amount. The monthly remuneration is calculated in EUR. In order to eliminate all doubts related to the subject of remuneration, the Parties to the Agreement cite the following as an example: the Franchisee bills monthly 200.000 EUR excluding VAT, 7% of the turnover will be calculated out of which, ie. 200.000 EUR x 0,07 = 14.000,- EUR, the fixed monthly fee of 625 EUR is added = 14.625,- EUR. The monthly remuneration of the Franchisor in this case is 14.625 EUR + the appropriateVAT rate.
In the excerpt longer sentence spreads through five lines of the paragraph of text. The English translation keeps the structure of the original version, however, the translator realized shortly after the translation had been submitted that segments could have been made to such paragpraphs of text with longer compound sentences.
Based on the above shown excerpt, the segmentation could have been as following:
The Franchisee also undertakes to pay the Franchisor a monthly remuneration per their one business premise.|| As a business premise for the purposes of this Article of the Agreement we understand any premises with the working area of 80-150m² and at minimum 2 and at maximum 6 employees carrying out their activities in this one business premise.
Usually the compound and complex sentences do not exceed three lines and thus there is no need to segment, shorten or divide the sentences into shorter units.
Modality in contractual language
The use of modal verbs is specific for the legal language where obligation, necessity, ability or prohibition is to be expressed. Most frequently the modals will, shall, must, should, ought to are used in legal texts whereas will and shall are used rather as auxiliaries for expressing the future tense, eg. The appropriate VAT rate will be added to this amount. or Poskytovatel zajistí grafický design pro Nabyvatele translated as the Franchisor shall ensure the graphical design for the Franchisee. Their modality may also be observed in eg. tato lhůta však nesmí být kratší než translated as this period of time shall not be shorter than.
Should often replaces must in its modality of obligation: jakož i každý každý grafický či zvukový návrh reklamy, musí Poskytovatel vždy předem schválit translated as every graphical or audio advertisement proposal, should always be approved beforehand by the Franchisor. Must is replaced also with the phrase to be obliged to as in Nabyvatel je povinen poskytovat Poskytovateli součinnost na marketingových projektech Poskytovatele v oblasti Wrappingu. Translated as The Franchisee is obliged to cooperate with the Franchisor on the Franchisor's marketing projects in the field of Wrapping. Thus it can be concluded that for the modality of obligation or necessity for the Czech musí, je povinen modal verbs must, should or a phrase to be obliged to may be used.
CONCLUSION
The bachelor thesis is based on the translation of a legal document – particularly a franchise agreement of a Czech-based company, and from the theoretical knowledge gained on this topic. Translation of legal documents requires from the translator to possess the knowledge of legal language and its terminology in the source as well as the target language.
The translator and the author of the thesis was asked to translate the agreement from the Czech language into English as her field of interest is legal translation and language of law. The subject matter of the agreement is franchising, which is a specific area of commercial law and which offers a translator to gain the basic skills and knowledge in translating legal language. Franchising agreements require the translator to know the basic theorems of both commercial law, its terminology and the general elements of the contractual language as well as the theory of translation which is domain-specific.
In the course of the work on the translation of the franchise agreement the theorems discussed in the Theoretical part of the thesis were applied and their relevancy was proved while translating – being it the styles of domain-specific texts, translation procedures and processes, text structure and equivalence of the source and target languages. The translator faced several translation troubles and tried to solve them according to what she had learned from the study of literature on translation as well as from her own translating experience. Sometimes there was the need for a personal translation decision as it was not possible to consult any authentic or reliable literature. The author also had to consult literature that did not deal with the topic of language or translation, but had to gain some essential information on car-wrapping, as this was the subject of the Franchise Agreement, as well as on franchising itself. The translator had to discuss the terminology of both aforementioned areas and to apply the findings of the literature study into her translation work.
The by-product of the thesis is not only the translation of the assigned agreement but also a brief glossary of terminology stemming from the text itself which is to serve as a study reference for the translator and the author of the thesis as well as for any translator dealing with the same type of texts.
To conclude, the thesis is aimed at the fellow-translators who consider taking up translating of legal documents, particularly contracts and agreements and at creating a user-friendly reference material to assist in decision-making processes of translation, brief overview of
grammar, syntactical, style and lexical aspects of legal translation, and last but not least as the personal study material of the author of the thesis.
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APPENDICES
P I The text of the franchise agreement in the Czech, ie. the source language P II The glossary of the terms of the franchise agreement
APPENDIX P I: THE TEXT OF THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT IN THE CZECH, IE. THE SOURCE LANGUAGE
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX SMLOUVA
uzavřená níže uvedeného dne, měsíce a roku mezi následujícími stranami:
WrapStyle s.r.o., společnost se sídlem Brno - Zábrdovice, Příkop 843/4, okres Brno-město, PSČ 602 00, Česká republika, IČ: 293 04 849, zapsaná v obchodním rejstříku vedeném Krajským soudem v Brně, oddíl C, vložka 72841, na straně jedné (dále jen "Poskytovatel“)
a
[•], společnost se sídlem [•], IČ: [•], zapsaná v obchodním rejstříku vedeném [•] [•], podnikatel zapsaný v živnostenském rejstříku, místem podnikání [•], IČ: [•] na straně druhé (dále jen "Nabyvatel“)
smluvní strany dále též společně nazývány jako „smluvní strany“ nebo jednotlivě jako
„smluvní strana“.
I. PŘEDMĚT SMLOUVY
1.1 Cílem této smlouvy je úprava práv a povinností mezi Poskytovatelem a Nabyvatelem za účelem společného působení na trhu v oblasti tzv. "wrappingu" nebo také "carwrappingu" (definice uvedena v článku II. smlouvy), přičemž Poskytovatel se zavazuje za níže uvedených podmínek poskytnout Nabyvateli za úplatu pro jeho obchodní činnost právo užívat zejména Obchodní název, symbol a know-how Poskytovatele.
1.2 Nabyvatel se zavazuje, že bude činnost dle této smlouvy vykonávat s odbornou péčí a v souladu s touto smlouvou, tak aby nedošlo k poškození nehmotných statků a dobrého jména Poskytovatele a franšízového systému WrapStyle (dále jen "Franšízový systém").
1.3 Smluvní strany se zavazují k oboustranné podpoře a obraně v této smlouvě popsaného Xxxxxxxxxxxx systému.
II. POJEM "WRAPPING" nebo "CARWRAPPING"
Pojem "wrapping" nebo "carwrapping" (dále jednotně jen "Wrapping"), kterého se v této smlouvě užívá, představuje především:
a) zvláštní a jedinečný způsob tónování autoskel,
b) zvláštní a jedinečný způsob polep vozidla 3D folií barevnou,
c) zvláštní a jedinečný způsob polep vozidla 3D folií chrom,
d) zvláštní a jedinečný způsob polep vozidla folií carprotect,
e) zvláštní a jedinečný způsob polep vozidla CarDesign,
f) zvláštní a jedinečný způsob polep světel vozidla,
g) zvláštní a jedinečný způsob polep litých disků vozidel a jejich barvení,
tak, jak jsou tyto zvláštní a jedinečné způsoby (činnosti v rámci Wrappingu) blíže popsány v Příloze č. 1 této smlouvy.
III. PRÁVA A POVINNOSTI SMLUVNÍCH STRAN
3.1 PRÁVA A POVINNOSTI POSKYTOVATELE
3.1.1 Poskytovatel se pro účely této smlouvy a po dobu jejího trvání zavazuje poskytnout Nabyvateli následující:
a) na území uvedeném v článku VI. této smlouvy právo užívat obchodní název a s tím související symbol Poskytovatele (dále jen "Symbol"), přičemž vzhled Obchodního názvu a Symbolu je uveden v Příloze č. 2 této smlouvy, a to v rozsahu potřebném pro činnost Nabyvatele dle této smlouvy;
b) know-how Poskytovatele, v rámci kterého bude Nabyvatel seznámen s pracovními postupy v rámci Wrappingu;
c) školení Nabyvatele a jeho zaměstnanců se zvláštním důrazem na osoby osobně provádějící Wrapping, a to v oblasti obchodní činnosti Poskytovatele; rozsah, zaměření a specifikace nákladů, které v souvislosti se školením Nabyvatel nese, je blíže specifikován v Příloze č. 3 této smlouvy;
d) za úplatu dodat Nabyvateli materiály potřebné k provádění Wrappingu (fólie, wrappingové potřeby a pomůcky apod.); seznam materiálů a dalšího příslušenství, včetně jejich cen, je uveden v Příloze č. 4 této smlouvy;
e) objednávky a dotazy, které se vztahují k územní působnosti Nabyvatele, a které Poskytovatel po dobu platnosti této smlouvy obdrží.
3.1.2 Smluvní strany se dohodly, že práva vyjmenovaná v předchozím bodě tohoto článku smlouvy můžou být ze strany Nabyvatele vykonávána teprve poté, co:
a) Nabyvatel uhradí Poskytovateli vstupní franšízový poplatek podle článku IV. této smlouvy; a současně
b) Nabyvatel úspěšně podstoupí školení podle bodu 3.2.12 této smlouvy a Poskytovatel vydá Nabyvateli souhlas se zahájením provádění Wrappingu.
Smluvní strany se dále dohodly na tom, že po zaplacení vstupního franšízového poplatku podle článku IV. této smlouvy Poskytovatel Nabyvateli poskytne následující:
a) vizualizace brandingu Wrappingového studia Nabyvatele (jeho provozovny) na základě podrobných fotografií a půdorysných plánů včetně přesných rozměrů dodaných Nabyvatelem. Poté, co návrh vizualizace bude smluvními stranami odsouhlasen, Nabyvatel na své vlastní náklady zajistí výrobu brandingu;
b) prostor na webových stránkách a Facebooku pro marketingové účely Nabyvatele;
c) cílená reklama na Facebooku v územní oblasti působení Nabyvatele; reklama bude prováděna v souladu se stylem a komplexní marketingovou strategii Poskytovatele;
d) firemní trička v množství 6 ks; každé další tričko bude Nabyvateli dodáno úplatně za kupní cenu ve výši [•],- EUR + DPH
e) návrh a tisk firemních vizitek v množství 500 ks; každá další série 500 ks vizitek bude Nabyvateli dodána úplatně za kupní cenu [•],- EUR + DPH;
f) design propagačních letáků a materiálů;
g) dodání 1000ks propagačních letáků;
h) návrh designu jednoho vozu Nabyvatele, provedení polep tohoto vozidla; náklady na materiál si však Nabyvatel hradí sám. V případě, že Nabyvatel vlastní nebo užívá více vozidel, které budou sloužit k reklamě, další vozy jsou již zcela v jeho režii, a to opět podle dodaného návrhu Poskytovatele;
i) firemní email s koncovkou "xxxxxxxxx.xxx";
j) vzorník nabízených materiálů;
k) dokumenty, a to zejména vzorový zakázkový list, vzorový předávací protokol, všeobecné obchodní a záruční podmínky;
l) pravidelné školení, které probíhá 1x ročně, na kterém se představují novinky v oblasti lepení či fólií;
m) poradenská činnost v souvislosti s předmětem této smlouvy (technická podpora prostřednictvím skype, telefonu, e-mailu, dostupná každý pracovní den (podle Poskytovatele) od 8:00-16:00);
n) obecné zásady a postupy při jednání s klienty;
o) spolupráce s profesionálním designérem při zpracovávání zakázek; konkrétní výkony grafika jsou však již úplatné a řídí se ceníkem uvedeným v Příloze č. 4 této smlouvy;
p) doporučení pro výběr průmyslových a kancelářských prostor Nabyvatele včetně doporučení jejich vybavení, designu a rozmístění;
r) poradenství při obchodním vedení podniku Nabyvatele.
3.1.3 Poskytovatel je oprávněn průběžně kontrolovat činnost Nabyvatele a za tímto účelem může Nabyvatel nebo jím pověřený zástupce kdykoliv v běžné pracovní době vstoupit do provozovny Nabyvatele, a to i bez předchozího upozornění. Jakékoli změny v adrese provozovny je Nabyvatel povinen Poskytovateli bez zbytečného odkladu oznámit.
3.1.4 Poskytovatel je oprávněn kontrolovat (sám a/nebo osobou k tomu zmocněnou) užívání Obchodního názvu Poskytovatele, nakládání s know-how Poskytovatele, postupy při jednání s klienty Nabyvatele, nahlížet do účetních knih a dalších dokladů Nabyvatele, činit z nich opisy a výpisy, a kontrolovat údaje tam obsažené.
3.1.5 Poskytovatel je oprávněn kontrolovat průmyslové a kancelářské prostory Nabyvatele, jejich vybavení a design, neboť i reprezentace prostor patří k marketingu a zachování dobré pověsti Poskytovatele; k tomuto je Poskytovatel oprávněn udělit Nabyvateli závazná doporučení a stanovit k nápravě přiměřenou lhůtu, nejméně však 30 dnů. V případě, že Nabyvatel v dané lhůtě nesjedná nápravu, je Poskytovatel oprávněn od této smlouvy odstoupit.
3.1.6 Poskytovatel je oprávněn kontrolovat prostory, ve kterých probíhá Wrapping
kamerovým systémem (minimum 1 kamera), jež dodá Nabyvatel, přičemž záznam bude buď streamovaný, popřípadě bude ukládán na dobu nejméně tří měsíců ode dne pořízení záznamu na paměťové médium. Přesné umístění kamery (kamer) Nabyvateli určí Poskytovatel. Nabyvatel se zavazuje nést náklady spojené s instalací, údržbou a s provozem kamerového systému, a to především náklady spotřebované elektrické energie. Nabyvatel výslovně prohlašuje, že instalací kamerového systému zajistí před samotným otevřením provozovny a s pořizování audiovizuálních záznamů v jeho provozovně souhlasí.
3.1.7 V případě, že Nabyvatel nemá grafika / grafické studio, Poskytovatel zajistí grafický design pro Nabyvatele; konkrétní výkony grafika jsou však již úplatné a řídí se ceníkem uvedeným v Příloze č. 4 této smlouvy. V případě však, že Nabyvatel svého grafika / grafické studio má k dispozici, každý Wrappingový design pro klienta musí být předem schválen Poskytovatelem (jeho hlavním designerem).
3.1.8 Poskytovatel neručí ani neodpovídá za činnost a právní úkony Nabyvatele a nenese žádnou odpovědnost ani za výrobky či služby poskytované Nabyvatelem jeho zákazníkům.
3.2 PRÁVA A POVINNOSTI NABYVATELE
3.2.1 Nabyvatel se zavazuje činnost Wrappingu provádět v provozovně na adrese: [•].
3.2.2 Nabyvatel je oprávněn a současně povinen v rámci provádění Wrappingu užívat Obchodní název.Poskytovatele a jeho Symbol, přičemž není oprávněn text a/nebo vzhled Obchodní názvu a/nebo Symbolu jakýmkoli způsobem pozměňovat či upravovat. Pokud Nabyvatel pozmění či upraví text a nebo vzhled Obchodní názeva/nebo Symbolu bez předchozího písemného souhlasu Poskytovatele, je povinen Poskytovateli uhradit smluvní pokutu ve výši 2.000 EUR; tím není dotčeno právo Poskytovatele na náhradu škody.
3.2.3 Nabyvatel se bez nároku na jakoukoliv odměnu či jiné peněžité plnění zavazuje po dobu trvání této smlouvy a 2 roky po jejím skončení, nespolupracovat s jinou společností provádějící Wrapping ani provozovat Wrapping sám. Pokud Nabyvatel tuto povinnost poruší, je povinen Poskytovateli uhradit smluvní pokutu ve výši 40.000 EUR; tím není dotčeno právo Poskytovatele na náhradu škody.
3.2.4 Nabyvatel se zavazuje na své vlastní náklady zakoupit potřebné technické vybavení k provádění Wrappingu, a to dle instrukcí Poskytovatele; Poskytovatel je v tomto směru oprávněn Nabyvateli určit přesné tovární značky, typy a počty kusů potřebného technického vybavení, a Nabyvatel se takto určené technické vybavení zavazuje na vlastní náklady obstarat, a to ve lhůtě 30 dnů ode dne, kdy byl s takovým pokynem ze strany Poskytovatele seznámen.
3.2.5 Nabyvatel se zavazuje na své vlastní náklady přizpůsobit vzhled provozovny, ve které bude provádět Wrapping, instrukcím Poskytovatele, a to ve lhůtě jím stanovené; tato lhůta však nesmí být kratší než [•] dnů ode dne, kdy byl s takovým pokynem ze strany Poskytovatele seznámen.
3.2.6 Nabyvatel se zavazuje spolupracovat při kontrole Poskytovatele, především Poskytovateli umožní přístup ke všem dokumentům souvisejících s podnikatelskou činností Nabyvatele, a dále Poskytovateli umožní přístup do veškerých prostor užívaných Nabyvatelem.
3.2.7 Nabyvatel prohlašuje, že si je vědom vůle Poskytovatele veškeré skutečnosti uvedené i výslovně neuvedené v této smlouvě, se kterými bude v průběhu trvání této smlouvy seznámen, utajit. Současně si je vědom toho, že know-how a skutečnosti obchodní, výrobní či technické povahy, ke kterým bude mít Nabyvatel přístup, či které se dozví během trvání této smlouvy, mají utajený charakter a Nabyvatel se zavazuje jejich utajení zajistit. Pokud Nabyvatel tuto povinnost poruší tím, že s utajenými skutečnostmi seznámí třetí osobu, je povinen Poskytovateli uhradit smluvní pokutu ve výši 40.000 EUR; tím není dotčeno právo Poskytovatele na náhradu škody.
3.2.8 Nabyvatel má právo na náhradu škody vůči Poskytovateli, a to v případě, že ke vzniku škodní události dojde v příčinné souvislosti s činností Poskytovatele dle této smlouvy. Smluvní strany se dohodly, že výše škody je limitována výší měsíční odměny Poskytovatele dle článku IV. této smlouvy do výše měsíční odměny, která odpovídá měsíční odměně Poskytovatele v měsíci, ve kterém předmětná škoda vznikla.
3.2.9 Nabyvatel je povinen při veškerém provozu souvisejícím s činností dle této smlouvy vystupovat jako samostatný subjekt. Nabyvatel je povinen uvádět na veškeré korespondenci, fakturách, smlouvách a jiných dokumentech, že je samostatným subjektem.
3.2.10 Nabyvatel se zavazuje vést přesnou a podrobnou evidenci svých zákazníků včetně prováděných služeb a celkové ceny. Pokud nabyvatel tuto povinnost poruší, je povinen Poskytovateli uhradit smluvní pokutu ve výši 2.000 EUR; tím není dotčeno právo Poskytovatele na náhradu škody.
3.2.11 Nabyvatel je povinen jedenkrát měsíčně, vždy nejpozději do 10. dne kalendářního měsíce následujícího po měsíci, ve kterém byla činnost Wrappingu prováděna, předkládat Poskytovateli evidenci zákazníků za uplynulý kalendářní měsíc včetně popisu poskytovaných služeb a celkové ceny, a to v elektronické podobě na e- mail Poskytovatele na příslušném evidenčním listu, jehož vzor je předmětem Přílohy č.
5 této smlouvy. Nabyvatel je povinen údaje uvedené v evidenčním listu podložit listinnými důkazy (např. faktury, objednávky apod.), tak aby bylo nade vší pochybnost zřejmé, že údaje uvedené v předkládané evidenci jsou správné a pravdivé. Pokud Nabyvatel tuto svou povinnost poruší, je povinen Poskytovateli uhradit smluvní pokutu ve výši 2.000 EUR za každé jednotlivé porušení. Tím není dotčeno právo Poskytovatele na náhradu škody.
3.2.12 Nabyvatel se zavazuje zajistit, aby každý zaměstnanec Nabyvatele podstoupil základní (vstupní) Wrappingové školení pořádané Poskytovatelem. Nabyvatel se v této souvislosti dále zavazuje zajistit, aby Wrapping neprováděly osoby, které úspěšně nepodstoupily školení Poskytovatele. Nabyvatel se zavazuje, že nezahájí svou činnost dle této smlouvy (Wrapping), dokud on (jeho zaměstnanci) se nezúčastní a úspěšně nezakončí úvodní školení pořádané Poskytovatelem. Smluvní strany shodně
prohlašují, že Poskytovatel před uzavřením této smlouvy provedl zhodnocení schopností a dovedností Nabyvatele (jeho zaměstnanců) s přihlédnutím k činnostem prováděným v rámci Wrappingu; v návaznosti na provedené zhodnocení se Nabyvatel zavazuje zajistit, aby jeho zaměstnanci podstoupili základní (vstupní) Wrappingové školení v rozsahu [•] dnů počínaje od [•]. Poskytovatel si před ukončením tohoto školení vyhrazuje právo dobu uvedeného školení prodloužit, popř. uložit, že Xxxxxxxxx a jeho zaměstnanci jsou povinni Wrapping provádět pouze pod dohledem Poskytovatele a/nebo jím pověřené třetí osoby. Pro vyloučení všech pochybností platí, že délku a rozsah základního školení jednostranně určuje Poskytovatel v návaznosti na schopnosti a dovednosti Nabyvatele (jeho zaměstnanců). Po úspěšném zakončení základního školení Poskytovatel vydá Nabyvateli certifikát, na základě kterého je Nabyvatel oprávněn začít Wrapping aktivně provádět.
3.2.13 Nabyvatel se zavazuje nést náklady spojené se školeními, zejména náklady spojené s hotovými výdaji školených osob, jako je cestovné, stravné, nocležné apod., a dále náklady spojené s poskytnutím vozidla určeného ke školení. Podrobnosti stanoví Příloha č. 3 této smlouvy.
3.2.14 Nabyvatel se zavazuje účastnit se každého školení, na kterém Poskytovatel představuje nové produkty a služby.
3.2.15 V případě, že Poskytovatel shledá nedostatky v technických postupech a kvalitě prováděných prací, Poskytovatel je oprávněn Nabyvateli uložit povinnost opětovného přeškolení (na náklady Nabyvatele) jeho zaměstnanců z problematické činnosti. Do doby, než bude příslušná technika či kvalita prací Nabyvatelem a jeho zaměstnanců odpovídat požadavkům Poskytovatele, Nabyvatel není oprávněn Wrapping provádět. Nabyvatel nemůže z tohoto titulu po Poskytovateli požadovat jakýkoliv nárok na náhradu případně vzniklé škody. Uvedené školení musí Nabyvatel zajistit tak, aby se konalo nejpozději do 30 dnů od zjištění nesprávného postupu. Další podrobnosti školení jsou upraveny v Příloze č. 3 této smlouvy.
3.2.16 Nabyvatel je oprávněn na své vlastní náklady provádět reklamu své činnosti v oblasti Wrappingu. Druh (charakter) reklamy, pokud jde o o její obsah, formu, použité barvy, množství, umístění a velikost, jakož i každý každý grafický či zvukový návrh reklamy, musí Poskytovatel vždy předem schválit. Teprve poté je Nabyvatel oprávněn vlastní reklamu zahájit.
3.2.17 Nabyvatel je povinen poskytovat Poskytovateli součinnost na marketingových projektech Poskytovatele v oblasti Wrappingu.
3.2.18 Nabyvatel se zavazuje zhotovovat a uchovávat veškeré doklady nezbytné pro řádné vedené účetnictví. Nabyvatel výslovně souhlasí s tím, aby jeho účetnictví bylo přezkoumáno auditorem, který bude vybrán Poskytovatelem. Nabyvatel je povinen předkládat Poskytovateli účetní závěrky vždy nejpozději do 15-ti dnů od jejich vyhotovení.
3.2.19 Nabyvatel je povinen provozovat svůj podnik v souladu se všemi platnými právními předpisy a nařízeními.
3.2.20 Nabyvatel se zavazuje, že po dobu platnosti této smlouvy, jakož i po jejím ukončení, bude chránit dobrou pověst Poskytovatele.
3.2.21 Nabyvatel je povinen při poskytnutí finančních prostředků od Poskytovatele pro určitý účel, užít těchto finančních prostředků výlučně pro Poskytovatelem vymíněný účel, přičemž je povinen vést o tomto řádné účetnictví a finanční prostředky uchovávat na jednom účtu. Jedenkrát ročně je Nabyvatel povinen předložit Poskytovateli vyúčtování, jakým způsobem bylo finančních prostředků užito, a v jakém rozsahu.
3.2.22 Nabyvatel je povinen pořizovat obrazové záznamy (dále jen „fotografie) veškerých provedených zakázek, přičemž o každé realizované zakázce musí být pořízeno nejméně 5 fotografií (1 fotografie před realizací a 4 po realizaci) s rozlišením nejméně
5 megapixel, fotografie nesmí být rozmazané. Fotografie je Nabyvatel povinen předložit Poskytovateli nejpozději do sedmi pracovních dnů ode dne ukončení prací na realizaci zakázky. Nabyvatel současně uděluje Poskytovateli časově a místně neomezené bezúplatné právo tyto fotografie upravovat a dále je zveřejňovat za účelem marketingové podpory Franšízového systému.
3.2.23 Nabyvatel se zavazuje umožnit Wrapping vozidel, které jsou v užívání Nabyvatele, a to dle návrhu Poskytovatele.
3.2.24 Nabyvatel je povinen na své vlastní náklady odeslat na adresu sídla Poskytovatele veškeré účetní materiály a jiné dokumenty, které si Poskytovatel vyžádá.
3.2.25 Nabyvatel se zavazuje, že nebude po dobu účinnosti smlouvy a i po jejím ukončení žádat o registraci ochranné známky, označení, symbolu a/nebo loga, které jsou shodné nebo zaměnitelné běžnými zákazníky s Obchodní název, Symbolem nebo označením nebo logem systému Poskytovatele / Franšízového systému.
3.2.26 Nabyvatel není oprávněn odpojovat kameru (kamery), které byly nainstalovány v jeho provozovně nebo provozovnách ve smyslu bodu 3.1.6 smlouvy, jejich spojení přerušovat, zakrývat je či demontovat. Nabyvatel se zavazuje zajistit, aby instalace kamery (kamer) a následné pořizování záznamů, bylo uskutečňováno v souladu se všemi právními předpisy. Nabyvatel se současně zavazuje Poskytovatele odškodnit za jakékoliv sankce, náhrady škody apod., které by musel nést z titulu instalace kamery (kamer) a následného pořizování záznamů.
3.2.27 Smluvní strany prohlašují, že Nabyvatel zůstává po uzavření této smlouvy právně i ekonomicky samostatným subjektem, přičemž není oprávněn zastupovat Poskytovatele, ani vystupovat jako jeho zprostředkovatel. Nabyvatel je sám odpovědný za provoz svého podniku. Nabyvatel se zavazuje, že nebude vstupovat do žádného obchodního partnerství, ani nepřipustí, aby jiná osoba se stala otevřeným nebo tichým společníkem jeho podniku. Nabyvatel není oprávněn převést svůj podnik, který provozuje podle této smlouvy, na třetí osobu bez předchozího písemného souhlasu Poskytovatele.
3.2.28 Nabyvatel se zavazuje v rámci franšízové sítě spolupracovat s ostatními nabyvateli franšízy, jakož i Poskytovatelem.
3.2.29 Nabyvatel se zavazuje, že po dobu účinnosti této smlouvy bude dodržovat franšízu, a to včetně jejích změn a doplňků prováděných Poskytovatelem. Změny franšízy je Nabyvatel povinen provést ihned poté, kdy mu budou sděleny Poskytovatelem.
3.2.30 Nabyvatel je povinen se při své činnosti řídit touto smlouvou, pokyny, příkazy a doporučeními Poskytovatele. Pokud tyto chybí, Nabyvatel je povinen jednat s péčí řádného hospodáře tak, aby výsledky a důsledky jeho jednání byly v zájmu Poskytovatele a franšízové sítě.
3.2.31 Nabyvatel je povinen udržovat v řádném stavu podnik, v němž vykonává svou podnikatelskou činnost dle této smlouvy, včetně všech prostor s ním souvisejících. Současně je povinen udržovat i vybavení tohoto podniku, je povinen provádět běžnou údržbu exteriéru a interiéru, obnovovat vybavení tak, aby zvyšoval dobrou pověst franšízové sítě.
3.2.32 Nabyvatel se zavazuje ve svém podniku prodávat pouze zboží a poskytovat služby dle této smlouvy.
3.2.33 Nabyvatel je oprávněn vést v nabídce pro své klienty chromové folie. Jejich aplikaci (lepení) je však oprávněn provádět pouze Poskytovatel nebo osoba jím výslovně pověřená. Nedohodnou-li se smluvní strany jinak, výnos za Wrapping s použitím chromu se mezi smluvní strany dělí rovným dílem. Tento výnos Nabyvatele pak nebude započítáván do celkového jeho měsíčního obratu, ze kterého je vypočítávána měsíční odměna Poskytovatele.
3.2.34 V případě, že smlouva bude před uplynutím jednoho (prvního) roku své platnosti ukončena z důvodů na straně Nabyvatele, Nabyvatel se zavazuje Poskytovateli uhradit veškeré náklady související s přípravou a dodáním materiálů a jiných dokumentů potřebných Nabyvateli pro zahájení činnosti dle této smlouvy, a to včetně vstupního a jiných školení, to vše za situace, kdy tyto materiály, dokumenty a školení byly Nabyvateli dodány / poskytnuty za zvýhodněné ceny.
3.2.35 Nabyvatel není bez písemného souhlasu Poskytovatele oprávněn postoupit na třetí osobu jakoukoliv pohledávku, která by mu na základě této smlouvy vůči Poskytovateli vznikla. Nabyvatel dále není oprávněn jednostranně započítat jakoukoliv svou pohledávku vůči Poskytovateli.
IV. ODMĚNA POSKYTOVATELE
4.1 Nabyvatel se zavazuje za poskytnutí práv vyplývajících z této smlouvy zaplatit Poskytovateli vstupní franšízový poplatek ve výši 3.500 EUR za jednu provozovnu (definice níže), a to do 15 dnů ode dne uzavření této smlouvy.
4.2 Nabyvatel se dále zavazuje platit Poskytovateli měsíční odměnu za jednu svou provozovnu, kdy provozovnou se pro účely tohoto článku smlouvy rozumí jakýkoliv prostor o výměře 80-150m² pracovní plochy a minimálně 2 a maximálně 6 pracovníků
vykonávající svou činnost v této jedné provozovně). Měsíční odměna se skládá ze dvou částí a to fixní ve výši 625 EUR a pohyblivé ve výši 7% z měsíčního obratu (veškeré fakturované částky bez DPH). Měsíční odměna je splatná nejpozději do 10. dne následujícího kalendářního měsíce. K této částce bude připočtena příslušná zákonná sazba DPH. Měsíční odměna je počítána v měně EUR.
Smluvní strany pro vyloučení všech pochybností týkajících se odměňování uvádějí následující příklad: Nabyvatel za měsíc vyfakturuje 200.000 EUR bez DPH, z toho se vypočte 7% z obratu, tedy 200.000 EUR x 0,07 = 14.000,- EUR, k tomu se připočte stálý měsíční poplatek 625 EUR = 14.625,- EUR. Měsíční odměna Poskytovatele v tomto případě činí 14.625 EUR + příslušná sazba DPH.
4.3 Nabyvatel je povinen na veškeré své pohledávky vystavovat řádně účetní doklady – faktury, číslované posloupnou číselnou řadou.
4.4 Nabyvatel je povinen za své služby požadovat finanční odměnu ve výši, jenž odpovídá cenové politice Poskytovatele; za tímto účelem je Nabyvatel povinen spolupracovat s Poskytovatelem a Poskytovatel je povinen poskytovat Nabyvateli potřebné informace.
4.5 V případě prodlení Nabyvatele s úhradou odměny nebo jakéhokoliv jiného peněžitého závazku vyplývajícího z této smlouvy je Nabyvatel povinen uhradit Poskytovateli smluvní pokutu ve výši 0,05% z dlužné částky za každý den prodlení. Nárok na náhradu škody tím není dotčen.
V. ZPŮSOB PLATBY ODMĚN POSKYTOVATELE A OSTATNÍCH PLATEB
V.1 Všechny peněžité závazky, vzniklé mezi smluvními stranami na základě této smlouvy, je zavázaná smluvní strana povinna uhradit včas a řádně, a to bezhotovostním převodem na níže uvedený bankovní účet druhé smluvní strany.
a) Bankovní spojení na straně Poskytovatele: číslo účtu: [•]
název banky: [•]
adresa banky: [•]
SWIFT: [•]
IBAN: [•]
b) Bankovní spojení na straně Nabyvatele: číslo účtu: [•]
název banky: [•]
adresa banky: [•]
SWIFT: [•]
IBAN: [•]
V.2 Peněžitý závazek je splněn okamžikem, kdy je částka určená dle této smlouvy připsána na příslušný bankovní účet.
VI. ÚZEMNÍ PŮSOBNOST
6.1 Nabyvatel je oprávněn plnit práva a povinnosti dle této smlouvy pouze na území [•]. Poskytovatel zaručuje regionální výlučnost Nabyvateli na výše uvedeném území za předpokladu, že poptávka po službách v oblasti Wrappingu nebude daleko převyšovat možnosti nabídky Nabyvatele - v takovém případě je Poskytovatel oprávněn, po projednání této záležitosti s Nabyvatelem, poskytnout franšízu dalšímu subjektu s územní působností shodnou s územní působností Nabyvatele.
6.2 Nabyvatel je oprávněn vykonávat Wrapping i v jiných územních oblastech, avšak pouze s předchozím písemným souhlasem Poskytovatele.
VII. DOBA TRVÁNÍ SMLOUVY, UKONČENÍ SMLOUVY
7.1 Tato smlouva se sjednává na dobu neurčitou. Pokud není v této smlouvě stanoveno jinak, tato smlouva zaniká:
7.1.1 dohodou smluvních stran;
7.1.2 odstoupením od smlouvy;
7.1.3 výpovědí smlouvy;
7.1.4 dnem, kdy nabude právní moci rozsudek trestního soudu odsuzující Nabyvatele nebo jeho jednatele pro trestní čin majetkové povahy.
7.2 Poskytovatel je oprávněn od této smlouvy odstoupit v případě, že:
7.2.1 Nabyvatel poruší jakoukoliv svou povinnost stanovenou v této smlouvě nebo v příslušném právním předpisu. Pokud nastane důvod pro odstoupení od této smlouvy a Poskytovatel se rozhodne využít svého práva na odstoupení, Poskytovatel je povinen před tím, než odstoupí od této smlouvy, písemně informovat Nabyvatele o tomto svém úmyslu a poskytnout mu dodatečnou 15 denní lhůtu, během níž Nabyvatel může činit potřebné kroky k tomu, aby důvod odstoupení byl odstraněn, a to jak uvedením záležitosti do stavu, kdy příslušné porušení nebude existovat, uhrazením dlužných částek, či nahrazením škody či jiným vhodným způsobem. Pokud v uvedené 15 denní lhůtě bude důvod odstoupení odstraněn, zanikne právo Poskytovatele z tohoto důvodu odstoupit. Pokud k tomu nedojde, bude Poskytovatel po marném uplynutí této 15 denní lhůty oprávněna od této smlouvy odstoupit.
7.2.2 Nabyvatel zastaví obchodní činnost;
7.2.3 Nabyvatel ztratí povolení nutná k provozu podniku, příp. podnikání;
7.2.4 Nabyvatel při uzavírání této smlouvy uvedl nepravdivé údaje o svém hospodaření;
7.2.5 Nabyvatel během trvání této smlouvy předloží Poskytovateli nepravdivé údaje o svém hospodaření;
7.2.6 Nabyvatel vstoupí do likvidace nebo bude zahájeno insolvenční nebo obdobné řízení týkající se jeho majetku.
7.3 Odstoupením od smlouvy není dotčeno právo Poskytovatele na odměnu dle článku
IV. této smlouvy a další pohledávky z tohoto závazkového vztahu vzniklé. Odstoupení se dále nedotýká nároku na náhradu škody vzniklé porušením této smlouvy, ani ujednání o řešení sporů mezi smluvními stranami a dále povinností, které pro smluvní strany vyplývají ze vztahu založeného touto smlouvou.
7.4 Každá smluvní strana je oprávněna bez uvedení důvodu tuto smlouvu ukončit formou písemné výpovědi. Výpovědní doba činí 3 měsíce a počíná běžet prvním dnem měsíce následujícího po měsíci, ve kterém byla výpověď druhé straně doručena.
VIII. NÁSLEDKY UKONČENÍ SMLOUVY
8.1 Ukončením smlouvy zanikají práva Nabyvatele, zejména užívat Obchodní název, Symbol a dále know-how Poskytovatele. Nabyvatel je povinen předat Poskytovateli katalogy, brožury, prospekty, popř. jejich kopie, a jiné podklady vztahující se k Xxxxxxxxxxxx systému a / nebo Wrappingu, které mu byly předány v souvislosti s uzavřením této smlouvy nebo které získal během její účinnosti, a to ve lhůtě 5 pracovních dnů ode dne ukončení smlouvy.
8.2 Nabyvatel není oprávněn uplatňovat zástavní nebo zadržovací právo k předmětům majetkové povahy patřící Poskytovateli a také na veškeré podklady, prospekty, brožury a katalogy, které mu byly dány k dispozici.
8.3 Nabyvatel se zavazuje po ukončení smlouvy odstranit z vnějšího i vnitřního vybavení jeho podniku (provozovny, kanceláře apod.) veškerá loga, znaky, nápisy a jiná označení, která charakterizují Xxxxxxxxxx systém Poskytovatele a jeho samotného, a to následující den po ukončení smlouvy. V případě, že tato lhůta nebude dodržena, Nabyvatel bere na vědomí, že tato povinnost bude splněna Poskytovatelem nebo jím pověřenou osobou, přičemž náklady na toto odstranění budou vyúčtovány Nabyvateli a ten se tyto náklady zavazuje uhradit ve lhůtě 15 dnů ode dne předložení písemného vyúčtování.
8.4 Po odstranění veškerých log, znaků, nápisů a jiných označení dle předchozího bodu je Nabyvatel povinen tyto zlikvidovat způsobem a ve lhůtě určené Poskytovatelem.
8.5 V případě porušení povinností uvedených v tomto článku smlouvy se Nabyvatel zavazuje zaplatit Poskytovateli smluvní pokutu ve výši 40.000 EUR za každé jednotlivé porušení. Smluvní pokuta je splatná ve lhůtě 14 dnů ode dne, kdy bude Nabyvatel k jejímu zaplacení písemně vyzván. Nárok na náhradu škody tím není dotčen.
IX. DALŠÍ OBECNÁ A ZÁVĚREČNÁ USTANOVENÍ
9.1 Oznámení. Není-li v této smlouvy stanoveno jinak, jakékoli oznámení, požadavek či jiné sdělení Poskytovatele nebo Nabyvatele musí mít písemnou formu. Takové oznámení, požadavek či jiné sdělení bude považováno za řádně učiněné, pokud bude doručeno straně této smlouvy, vůči níž musí či může být oznámení, požadavek či jiné sdělení učiněno, osobně nebo doporučenou poštou, na níže uvedenou adresu takové strany, nebo na jinou adresu, kterou taková strana této smlouvy určila oznámením druhé straně této smlouvy:
a) Poskytovateli:
e-mail:
b) Nabyvateli:
e-mail:
Jakékoli oznámení učiněné podle této smlouvy bude považováno za doručené:
(i) dnem fyzického doručení oznámení, pokud bylo doručeno osobně nebo kurýrní službou, případně dnem, kdy bylo jeho převzetí odmítnuto; nebo
(ii) dnem, kdy byla odpověď bezdůvodně odepřena; nebo
(iii) dnem doručení potvrzeným na příslušné doručence, pokud bylo zasláno doporučenou poštou; nebo
(iv) nejpozději třetím dnem po odeslání sdělení (zprávy) prostřednictvím e-mailu; nebo
(v) nejpozději uplynutím dvacátého dne po dni podání písemnosti k poštovní přepravě v případě, vrátí-li se písemnost odesílateli zpět jako nedoručená (nevyzvednuta v úložní době).
9.2 Vyhotovení. Tato smlouva je podepsána ve dvou vyhotoveních v anglickém jazyce, z nichž po jednom vyhotovení s platností originálu obdrží každá ze smluvních stran.
9.3 Urovnání sporů. Strany této smlouvy souhlasí, že budou usilovat o smírné řešení veškerých vzájemných sporů, nesrovnalostí, nebo nároků vzniklých na základě této smlouvy nebo jakékoli s ní související záležitosti. Pokud by Smluvní strany v přiměřené lhůtě, jež však nebude delší než třicet (30) dnů, jakékoli spory či nesrovnalosti nevyřešily smírem, budou tyto spory či nesrovnalosti s konečnou platností vyřešeny třemi rozhodci Rozhodčího soudu při Hospodářské komoře České republiky a Agrární komoře České republiky dle řádu tohoto soudu. Místem konání bude Praha. Každá Smluvní strana bude jmenovat jednoho rozhodce ze seznamu rozhodců vedeném u Rozhodčího soudu při Hospodářské komoře České republiky a
Agrární komoře České republiky. Nejpozději třicet (30) dnů po svém jmenování zvolí dva rozhodci takto jmenovaní třetího rozhodce. Pokud by tak neučinili, bude třetí rozhodce jmenovat předseda rozhodčího soudu. Jazykem rozhodčího řízení bude čeština.
9.4 Změny a dodatky. Tato smlouva včetně jakýchkoli a veškerých příloh představuje celé a úplné ujednání mezi smluvními stranami ohledně předmětu této smlouvy, a nahrazuje jakékoli a veškeré předchozí smlouvy a dohody, písemné či ústní, týkající se tohoto předmětu. Jakékoli změny a dodatky této smlouvy budou učiněny písemně a podepsány oběma smluvními stranami.
9.5 Právo smlouvy. Tato smlouva se řídí a je vykládána podle platných ustanovení českého právního řádu s vyloučením kolizních norem. Právní vztahy smluvních stran, které nejsou výslovně upraveny v této smlouvě, se řídí ustanoveními obchodního zákoníku a ostatními obecně závaznými právními předpisy České republiky.
9.6 Salvatorská klausule. V případě, že se některé ustanovení této smlouvy, ať už vzhledem k platnému právnímu řádu nebo vzhledem k jeho změnám, ukáže neplatným, neúčinným nebo sporným a nebo některé ustanovení chybí, zůstávají ostatní ustanovení této smlouvy touto skutečností nedotčena. Namísto dotyčného ustanovení nastupuje buď ustanovení příslušného obecně závazného právního předpisu, které je svou povahou a účelem nejbližší zamýšlenému účelu této smlouvy nebo není-li takového ustanovení právního předpisu, způsob řešení, jenž je v obchodním styku obvyklý. Pokud v některých případech zde uvedené řešení nebude možné nebo vhodné a smlouva by byla neplatná nebo zpochybnitelná, strany se zavazují bezodkladně po tomto zjištění uzavřít novou smlouvu, ve které případný důvod neplatnosti bude odstraněn a dosavadní přijatá plnění budou započítána na plnění stran podle této smlouvy. Podmínky této nové smlouvy vyjdou přitom z původní smlouvy a budou se co nejvíc blížit touto smlouvou sjednanému účelu.
9.7 Prohlášení stran. Účastníci této smlouvy prohlašují, že jsou plně způsobilí k právním úkonům a oprávněni k uzavření této smlouvy a že tato smlouva byla sepsána podle jejich pravé, vážné a svobodné vůle, pro což její obsah stvrzují svými níže připojenými podpisy.
9.8 Přílohy smlouvy. Nedílnou součást této smlouvy tvoří následující přílohy:
Příloha č. 1 - Podrobný popis činností Poskytovatele w rámci Wrappingu Příloha č. 2 - Vzhled Obchodní název a Symbolu
Příloha č. 3 - Pravidla školení
Příloha č. 4 - Seznam a ceník materiálů a dalšího příslušenství Příloha č. 5 - Vzor evidenčního listu
9.9 Převzetí ručení. Níže podepsaná osoba jednající jménem Nabyvatele (dále jen "Ručitel") prohlašuje, že uspokojí Poskytovatele, jestliže Nabyvatel vůči němu nesplní peněžitý závazek vyplývající z této smlouvy, a to i když tento závazek vznikne kdykoliv po dni uzavření této smlouvy. Poskytovatel je oprávněn domáhat se splnění závazku na Ručiteli jen v případě, že Nabyvatel nesplní svůj splatný závazek ve lhůtě 30 dnů ode dne, kdy byl k jeho splnění Poskytovatelem písemně vyzván. Smluvní
strany s převzetím ručení Ručitelem plně souhlasí. Ujednání bodu 9.5 smlouvy platí i pro platnost a účinky převzetí ručení.
9.10 Platnost a účinnost. Tato smlouva nabývá platnosti a účinnosti dnem jejího podpisu oběma smluvními stranami.
NA DŮKAZ ČEHOŽ smluvní strany k níže uvedeném dni podepsaly tuto smlouvu.
WrapStyle s.r.o. jméno a příjmení: | [•] | [• Název Nabyvatele] jméno a příjmení: | [•] |
funkce: | [•] | funkce: | [•] |
místo: | [•] | místo: | [•] |
datum: | [•] | datum: | [•] |
WrapStyle s.r.o. jméno a příjmení: | [•] | [• Jméno a příjmení Xxxxxxxx], datum narození: | ručitel [•] |
funkce: | [•] | adresa bydliště: | [•] |
místo: | [•] | místo: | [•] |
datum: | [•] | datum: | [•] |
APPENDIX P II: THE GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS OF THE FRANCHISE AGREEEMENT
The glossary of the terms of the Franchise Agreement contains the terminology as translated by the author of the thesis according to the appearance of the terms in the text.
The entries correspond to the general knowledge of the author or were taken from Chromá's dictionaries of legal terms (Česko-anglický právnický slovník and Anglicko-český právnický slovník, 2010).
Czech term | English equivalent |
Agrární komora České republiky | The Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic |
bez předchozího písemného souhlasu | without the prior written consent |
bezhotovostní převod | bank transfer |
bezodkladně | without any delay |
bezúplatné právo | gratuitous right |
bod článku | the point of the Article |
být oprávněn | be entitled to |
být povinen | be obliged to |
činit opisy a výpisy | make copies and listings |
Článek II. smlouvy | Article II of the Agreement |
dělit rovným dílem | divide equally |
dle této smlouvy | under the Agreement |
doba neurčitá | unspecified period of time |
dobrá pověst | good name and reputation |
dobré jméno | good name |
dohodnout se | agree on |
domáhat se splnění závazku | demand fulfilment of the obligation |
doručenka | advice of delivery |
evidenční list | registration sheet |
finanční odměna | financial reward |
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (also as franšízingová smlouva) | franchise Agreement |
franšízová síť | franchise network |
franšízový poplatek | franchise fee |
Hospodářská komora České republiky | The Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic |
IČ | maintained as IČ in the translation meaning the company registration number |
insolvenční řízení | insolvency proceeding |
jednat jménem (koho) | deal/act on behalf of |
listinné důkazy | documentary evidence |
měsíční obrat | monthly turnover |
nabýt platnosti | come into force |
nabýt právní moci | come into effect |
nabýt účinnosti | come into effect |
nabyvatel | franchisee |
nahlížet do účetních knih | inspect the accounting books |
náhrada škody | compensation for damage |
nárok na náhradu škody | the right for compensation |
nedoručený | undelivered |
neplatný | invalid |
nést náklady | bear the costs |
níže připojené podpisy | signatures below |
obecná a závěrečná ustanovení | general and final provisions |
obecně závazné předpisy | general binding legislation |
obchodní činnost | business activity |
Obchodní název | Trade name |
Obchodní rejstřík | the Commercial Register |
odepřít odpověď | deny the response |
odměna | remuneration |
odpovídat za | account for |
odstoupení od smlouvy | withdrawal from the Agreement |
odstoupit od smlouvy | withdraw from the Agreement |
odstranit důvod k odstoupení | replace the reasons for withdrawal |
oznámení | notification(s) |
peněžité plnění | financial compensation |
peněžitý závazek | financial obligation |
písemná výpověď | written notice |
platné právní předpisy a nařízení | valid legislation and regulations |
platnost | validity |
poradenství při obchodním vedení pod-niku | consultancy in commercial manage-ment of the business |
porušit povinnost | breach an obligation |
pořizovat audiovizuální záznamy | take audiovisual records |
poskytnutí práv | provision of the rights |
poskytovatel | franchisee |
postoupit pohledávku | refer a commission |
poškození hmotných statků | corruption of the intangible assets |
pověřený zástupce | authorized person |
práva a povinnosti | rights and obligations |
právní vztahy | legal relationships |
právo odstoupit | entitlement to withdraw |
právo smlouvy | governing legislation |
problematická činnost | the activity in question |
prohlášení stran | declaration of the Parties to the Agreement |
propagační letáky a materiály | promotional leaflets and materials |
provozovna | workshop |
průmyslové a kancelářské prostory | industrial and office premises |
předmět smlouvy | subject matter of the Agreement |
převzetí ručení | assumption of liability |
příloha | annex |
přiměřená lhůta | appropriate period of time |
příslušný právní předpis | appropriate legislation |
rozhodce | arbitror |
Rozhodčí soud | The Arbitration Court |
ručit | guarantee |
ručitel | guarantor |
řádně učiněné | properly performed |
řešení sporů | resolution of conflicts / to resolve con-flicts |
řídit se platným ceníkem | to be subject to the valid pricelist |
řídit se smlouvou | act according to the Agreement / act in accordance with the Agreement |
s péčí řádného hospodáře | with due care |
Salvatorská klausule | Severability clauses |
samostatný subjekt | independent entity |
sídlo společnosti | seat of the company |
sjednat nápravu | atone for a remedy |
smírné řešení | amicable solution |
smluvní pokuta | contractual fine |
smluvní strana | party to the agreement |
splatný | due |
splnit (finanční) závazek | settle an (financial) obligation |
stanovit k nápravě přiměřenou lhůtu | set a reasonable time for a remedy |
Symbol | Symbol |
trestní čin majetkové povahy | roperty crime |
třetí osoba | the Third party |
účetní doklady | accounting documents and receipts |
účetní uzávěrka | the final accounts |
účinnost | effectiveness |
účinnost smlouvy | duration of the Agreement |
Ujednání | agreement |
ukončit smlouvu | terminate the Agreement |
úložní doba | depository period |
úplatný | charged (with a fee) |
upravovat práva a povinnosti | to govern the rights and obligations |
urovnání sporů | settlement of disputes / conflicts |
ustanovení | provision |
uzavřít smlouvu | enter into an agreeement |
územní působnost | local area as used in the translation; as the title of the article of the agreement as Location and designated area |
v souladu s | in accordance with |
včas a řádně | on time and properly |
vedený Krajským soudem | kept by the Regional Court |
vést evidenci | keep the records of |
vstoupit do likvidace | go into liquidation |
vyhotovení | copy of the Agreement |
výklad (práva, smlouvy, apod.) | interpretation |
výlučnost | Exclusivity |
výpověď smlouvy | termination of the Agreement |
výpovědní doba | notice period |
vyřešit smírem | reconcile the disputes / conflicts |
výslovně prohlásit | expressly declare |
výslovně uvedená/neuvedená vůle | expressed/implied will |
výše škody | amount of the damage |
vznik škodní události | occurrence of the damage |
vzorový zakázkový list | the custom list template |
za úplatu | against payment |
zadržovací právo | right to lien |
zánik práva | cancellation of the right |
zástavní právo | right to pledge |
zavázat se k | to undertake to |
závazná doporučení | obligatory recommendations |
změny a dodatky | changes and amendments |
zpochybnitelný | questionable |
zprostředkovatel | agent |
způsobilý k právním úkonům | to have the full legal capacity for legal acts |
živnostenský rejstřík | the Trade Register |