DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL HALAMAN PENGESAHAN HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ABSTRAK`

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................... i

DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................... iii

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................. v

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................. vii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................ 1

B. Identifikasi Masalah....................................................................... 4

C. Batasan Masalah ............................................................................ 4

D. Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................... 5

E. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................... 5

1. Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................... 6

2. Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................... 7

F. Keaslian Penelitian......................................................................... 7

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

A. Landasan Teori .............................................................................. 9

1. Petani Padi ................................................................................. 9

2. Produktivitas Petani................................................................... 11

3. Kesejahteraan Petani.................................................................. 14

4. Pendidikan ................................................................................. 17

5. Perubahan Iklim......................................................................... 19

6. Sosial Ekonomi.......................................................................... 21

B. Penelitian Sebelumnya................................................................... 24

C. Kerangka Konseptual..................................................................... 27

D. Hipotesis ........................................................................................ 28

BAB III METODOLOGI PEXXXXXXXX

A. Metode Pendekatan Penelitian ...................................................... 30

B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian........................................................ 30

C. Jenis Penelitian .............................................................................. 31

D. Populasi dan Sempel...................................................................... 31

1. Populasi ..................................................................................... 31

2. Sempel ....................................................................................... 31

E. Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional................................ 32

F. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................. 34

G. Metode Analisis Data .................................................................... 36

1. Asumsi dan Persyaratan Menggunakan SEM ........................... 38

2. Konsep Dasar Laten................................................................... 39

a. Konstrak Laten ..................................................................... 39

b. Variabel Manifest.................................................................. 40

c. Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxxx dan Eror ................................... 40

d. Diagram Jalur........................................................................ 40

e. Koefisien Jalur ...................................................................... 41

f. Efek Dekomposisi.................................................................. 41

3. Prosedur SEM............................................................................ 44

a. Spesifikasi Model.................................................................. 44

b. Identifikasi Model ................................................................. 45

4. Estimasi Model .......................................................................... 45

5. Uji Kecocokan Model................................................................ 46

a. Ukuran Kecocokan Multak (absolute fit measures).............. 47

1) Uji Kecocokan Chi-square ............................................. 47

2) Goodnees-Of-Fit Index (GIF) ........................................ 47

3) Root Mean Square Error (RMSR) ................................. 48

4) Root Mean Square Error Of Approximation

(RMSE) ......................................................................... 48

5) Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) ..................... 48

6) Non-Centrality Parameter (NCP)................................... 48

b. Ukuran Kecocokan Incremental ........................................... 48

1) Adjusted Goodness-Of-Fit Index (AGFI) ...................... 49

2) Xxxxxx-Xxxxx Index (TLI) ............................................. 49

3) Normed Fit Index (NFI) ................................................. 49

4) Incremental Fit Index (IFI) ............................................ 49

5) Relative Fit Index (RFI) ................................................. 49

c. Ukuran Kecocokan Parsimoni............................................... 50

1) Parsimonious Normed Fit Index (PNFI) ........................ 50

2) Parsimonious Goodness-Of-Fit Index (PGFI) ............... 50

3) Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) .............................. 50

4) Consistent Akaike Information Criterion

(CAIC) ........................................................................... 50

5) Criteria N (CN) .............................................................. 50

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

A. Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................. 52

1. Gambaran Umum Wilayah Desa Sambirejo.............................. 52

2. Statistik Deskriptif Dan Karakteristik Responden..................... 53

a. Karakter Responden Bedasarkan Jenis Kelamin................... 53

b. Karakter Responden Bedasarkan Usia.................................. 54

c. Karakter Responden Bedasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan.......... 55

d.Karakter Responden Bedasarkan Pekerjaan .......................... 56

e. Karakter Responden Bedasarkan Tanggungan ..................... 56

f. Tabulasi Pendidikan Petani ................................................... 57

g. Tabulasi Perubahan Iklim ..................................................... 58

h. Tabulasi Sosial Ekonomi ...................................................... 60

i. Tabulasi Produktivitas Petani ................................................ 62

j. Tabulasi Kesejahteraan Petani ............................................... 63

3. Hasil Jawaban Responden ......................................................... 65

a. Xxxx Xxxxx dan Rata-rata Hasil Panen................................. 65

b. Harga Padi............................................................................. 66

c. Biaya Dalam Sekali Panen .................................................... 67

x.Xxxxx Bahan Baku dan Biaya Tenaga Kerja.......................... 75

e. Pendapatan Petani Dalam Sekali Panen ................................ 77

4. Xxxxx Xxx Xxxxxxxxx dan Uji Realibilitas ..................................... 82

a. Uji Validitas ......................................................................... 82

b.Uji Realibilitas ....................................................................... 85

5. Analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).......................... 88

a. Evaluasi Pemenuhan Asumsi Normalitas Data

Evaluasi Atas Outliers............................................................. 90

b. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) ................................... 96

c. Pengujian Kesesuaian Model (Goodness of Fit Model) ...... 101

d. Hipotesis ............................................................................... 113

B. Pembahasan ................................................................................... 116

1. Pengaruh Pendidikan Terhadap Produktivitas

Petani ........................................................................................ 116

2. Pengaruh Pendidikan Terhadap Kesejahteraan

Petani ......................................................................................... 118

1. Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Produktivitas

Petani ......................................................................................... 119

4. Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Kesejahteraan

Petani ......................................................................................... 120

5. Pengaruh Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Produktivitas

Petani ......................................................................................... 122

6. Pengaruh Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Kesejahteraan

Petani ......................................................................................... 123

7. Pengaruh Produktivitas Petani Terhadap

Kesejahteraan Petani.................................................................. 125

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

A. Kesimpulan ................................................................................ 128

B. Saran ........................................................................................... 128

DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR TABEL

1.2. Perbandingan Dengan Penelitian Sebelumnya................................. 8

2.1. Penelitian Sebelumnya ..................................................................... 23

2.2. Kerangka Konseptual Structural Equation Modelling..................... 26

3.1. Rencana Waktu Penelitian ............................................................... 28

3.2. Operasioonalisasi Variabel............................................................... 31

4.1. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ..................... 53

4.2. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia..................................... 54

4.3. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan. 55

4.4. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pekerjaan ............................ 56

4.5. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Tanggungan ........................ 56

4.6. Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Pendidikan ....................................... 57

4.7. Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Perubahan Iklim............................... 59

4.8. Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Sosial Ekonomi ................................ 61

4.9. Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Produktivitas Petani ......................... 62

4.10. Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Kesejahteraan Petani...................... 64

4.11. Hasil Jawaban Responden Luas Lahan dan

Rata-rata Panen.............................................................................. 65

4.12. Hasil Jawaban Responden Harga Padi ........................................... 66

4.13. Hasil Jawaban Responden Biaya Dalam Sekali

Panen Dengan Lahan 4 Rante........................................................ 67

4.14. Hasil Jawaban Responden Biaya Dalam Sekali

Panen Dengan Lahan 5 Rante........................................................ 69

4.15. Hasil Jawaban Responden Biaya Dalam Sekali

Panen Dengan Lahan 6 Rante........................................................ 70

4.16. Hasil Jawaban Responden Biaya Dalam Sekali

Panen Dengan Lahan 7 Rante........................................................ 72

4.17. Hasil Jawaban Responden Biaya Dalam Sekali

Panen Dengan Lahan 8 Rante........................................................ 73

4.18. Hasil Jawaban Responden Biaya Bahan Baku............................... 75

4.19. Hasil Jawaban Responden Tenaga Kerja ....................................... 76

4.20. Hasil Jawaban Responden Pendapatan Petani

Dalam Sekali Panen....................................................................... 77

4.21. Hasil Jawaban Responden Pendapatan Petani

Dengan Menjual Padi Kering ........................................................ 78

4.22. Hasil Jawaban Responden Pendapatan Bersih

Padi Basah ..................................................................................... 79

4.23. Hasil Jawaban Responden Pendapatan Bersih

Padi Kering .................................................................................... 80

4.24. Hasil Jawaban Responden Pendapatan Perbulan

Dalam Sekali Panen .......................................................................	81
4.25. Hasil Analisis Item Pendidikan......................................................	83
4.26. Hasil Analisis Item Perubahan Iklim .............................................	83
4.27. Hasil Analisis Item Sosial Ekonomi ..............................................	84
4.28. Hasil Analisis Item Produktivitas Petani........................................	84
4.29. Hasil Analisis Item Kesejahteraan Petani ......................................	85
4.30. Hasil Analisis Item Pertanyaan Pendidikan ...................................	86
4.31. Hasil Analisis Item Pertanyaan Perubahan Iklim...........................	86
4.32. Hasil Analisis Item Pertanyaan Sosial Ekonomi............................	87
4.33. Hasil Analisis Item Pertanyaan Produktivitas Petani.....................	87
4.34. Hasil Analisis Item Pertanyaan Kesejahteraan Petani ...................	88
4.35. Normalitas Data Nilai Critical Ratio .............................................	92
4.36. Normalitas Data Nilai Outlier........................................................	93
4.37. Hasil Pengujian Kelayakan Model Penelitian
Untuk Analisis SEM. .....................................................................	105
4.38. Bobot Critical Ratio .......................................................................	106
4.39. Hasil Estimasi C.R (Critical Ratio) dan P-Value ...........................	107
4.40. Standardized Direct Effects............................................................	109
4.41. Standardized Indirect Effects .........................................................	111
4.42. Standardized Total Effects .............................................................	112
4.43. Hasil Estimasi C.R (Critical Ratio) dan P-Value ...........................	11

DAFTAR GAMBAR

1.1. Peta Kecamatan Se-Kabupaten Langkat .......................................... 1

4.1. Peta Kecamatan Se-Kabupaten Langkat .......................................... 52

4.2. CFA Pendidikan ............................................................................... 97

4.3. CFA Perubahan Iklim ...................................................................... 98

4.4. CFA Sosial Ekonomi ....................................................................... 99

4.5. CFA Produktivitas Petani................................................................. 100

4.6. CFA Kesejahteraan Petani ............................................................... 101

4.7. Hasil Pengujian Kelayakan Model Penelitian

Untuk Analisis SEM ........................................................................ 102

4.8. Dirrect Effect Sosial Ekonomi ......................................................... 109

4.9. Dirrect Effect Perubahan Iklim ........................................................ 110

4.10. Dirrect Effect Pendidikan............................................................... 110

4.11. Dirrect Effect Kesejahteraan Petani dan

Produktivitas Petani ....................................................................... 110

4.12. Indirrect Effect Sosial Ekonomi, Perubahan Iklim dan

Pendidikan ..................................................................................... 111

4.13. Total Effect Sosial Ekonomi, Perubahan Iklim dan

Pendidikan ..................................................................................... 112