DAFTAR ISI
IV
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
XXXXXX PERSETUJUAN…………………………………………………. | i |
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... | ii |
KATA PENGHANTAR ……………………………………………………. | iii |
DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................... | iv |
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... | viii |
DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................ | x |
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. | 1 |
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................ | 1 |
1.2 Rumusan Masalah....................................................................... | 2 |
1.3 Tujuan ......................................................................................... | 2 |
1.4 Batasan Masalah ........................................................................ | 2 |
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................. | 2 |
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................... | 4 |
2.1 Konsep Dasar Sistem Tenaga Listrik.......................................... | 5 |
2.2 Sistem Jaringan Distribusi .......................................................... | 6 |
2.2.1 Jaringan Distribusi Primer................................................. | 6 |
2.2.2 Jaringan Distribusi Sekunder............................................. | 7 |
2.3 Gardu Distribusi.......................................................................... | 7 |
2.3.1 Gardu Portal .................................................................... | 8 |
2.3.2 Gardu Cantol ................................................................... | 9 |
2.3.3 Gardu Beton .................................................................... | 10 |
2.3.4 Gardu Kios 11
2.3.5 Gardu Pelanggan Umum 11
2.3.6 Gardu Pelanggan Khusus 12
2.3.7 Gardu Hubung 13
2.4 Transformator Distribusi 14
2.4.1 Transformator Distribusi Fase 3 15
2.4.2 Transformator Complete Self Protected 17
2.5 Perhitungan Terapan Beban Tersambung Transformator 17
2.5.1 Beban Tersambung Transformator Distribusi 17
2.5.2 Kapasitas Transformator 18
2.6 Komponen Gardu Distribusi 19
2.6.1 Lightning Arrester 19
2.6.2 Fuse Cut Out 21
2.6.3 Pemisah ( Disconnecting Switch ) 23
2.6.4 Pengaman Lebur ( Sekring ) 24
2.6.4.1 Pelebur Tabung Semi Terbuka 25
2.6.4.2 Pelebur Tabung Tertutup (tipe NH atau NT) 25
2.7 Penghantar 26
2.8 Kemampuan Hantar Arus / Kuat Hantar Arus 27
2.9 Jatuh Tegangan 28
2.10 Faktor Daya 29
2.10.1 Perbaikan Faktor Daya 30
2.11 Rugi Daya 30
2.12 Segitga Daya 32
2.13 Metode Newton Raphson… 33
2.13.1 Prosedur Xxxxxx Xxxxxx… 33
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN 35
3.1 Waktu dan Lokasi Penelitian 35
3.2 Jenis Data dan Sumber Data 35
3.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data 35
3.4 Flowchart Penyelesaian Masalah 37
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN 38
4.1 Sistem Jaringan Distribusi Pada Perumahan Paras 1
Di Samarinda 38
4.2 Single Line Distribusi Perumahan Paras 38
4.3 Data Pembebanan system Distribusi Perumahan Paras 39
4.4 Perhitungan Total Beban 42
4.5 Penginputan Data –Data Pada software Etap 42
4.5.1 Power Grid… 42
4.5.2 Transformator LBK 0954… 43
4.5.3 Transformator LBK 0955… 43
4.5.4 Input Kabel……………………………………………… 44
4.5.5 Input Beban 1… 45
4.5.5 Input Beban 1… 45
4.6 Xxxxxxx Xxxxan Daya 46
4.7 Tujuan Perbaikan Tegangan 49
4.8 Penempatan Kpasitor Pada Bus… 49
4.8.1 Penempatan Kpasitor Pada Bus 1… 49
4.8.2 Penempatan Kpasitor Pada Bus 2… 51
4.8.1 Penempatan Kpasitor Pada Bus 4… 52
4.9 Pemasangan Kapasitor… 54
4.9 Tabel Perbandingan 55
4.9.1 Tabel Kondisi Drop Tegangan… 55
4.9.2 Tabel Kondsi Faktor Daya 55
BAB V PENUTUP 56
5.1 Kesimpulan 56
5.2 Saran 56
Daftar Pustaka ..................................................................................................
Lampiran ..........................................................................................................
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 2.1 | Sistem tenaga listrik ................................................................. | 5 |
Gambar 2.2 | Gardu portal dan bagan satu garis ............................................ | 8 |
Gambar 2.3 | Bagan satu garis 𝜋 section gardu portal ................................... | 9 |
Gambar 2.4 | Gardu tipe cantol ...................................................................... | 10 |
Gambar 2.5 | Gardu beton .............................................................................. | 10 |
Gambar 2.6 | Gardu kios ................................................................................ | 11 |
Gambar 2.7 | Bagan satu garis konfigurasi 𝜋 section | |
gardu pelanggan umum ............................................................ | 12 | |
Gambar 2.8 | Bagan satu garis gardu pelanggan khusus ................................ | 13 |
Gambar 2.9 | Transformator Distribusi fasa 3 yang dibelah .......................... | 16 |
Gambar 2.10 | Transformator CSP ( completely self protected ) terlihat bagiandalamnya............................................................ | 17 |
Gambar 2.11 | Lightning arrester ..................................................................... | 20 |
Gambar 2.12 | Fuse cut out............................................................................... | 21 |
Gambar 2.13 | Disconnecting switch................................................................ | 23 |
Gambar 2.14 | Segitiga Daya……………………………………………….... | 32 |
Gambar 3.1 | Flowchart hasil analisa ............................................................. | 37 |
Gambar 4.1 | Denah lokasi…………………………………………………. | 39 |
Gambar 4.2 | Input Power Grid…………………………………………….. | 42 |
Gambar 4.3 | Input Gardu Induk…………………………………………… | 42 |
Gambar 4.4 | Input Transformator LBK 0954……………............................ | 43 |
Gambar 4.5 | Input Transformator LBK 0955………………………………. | 44 |
Gambar 4.6 | Input kabel (penghantar)……………………………………… | 44 |
Gambar 4.7 | Input Static Load Beban LBK 0954…………………………... | 45 |
Gambar 4.8 | Input Static Load Beban LBK 0955…………………………... | 46 |
Gambar 4.9 | Single Line Distribusi di ETAP……………………………….. | 47 |
Gambar 4.10 | Tampilan Setelah Running di ETAP tanpa kapasitor………...... | 48 |
Gambar 4.11 | Tampilan Alert Pada ETAP……………………………………. | 49 |
Gambar 4.12 | Penempatan Kapasitor Bus 1…………………………...…….... | 50 |
Gambar 4.13 | Alert Penempatan Kapasitor Bus1…………………………...... | 50 |
Gambar 4.14 | Penempatan Kapasitor Bus 2…………………………...…….... | 51 |
Gambar 4.15 | Alert Penempatan Kapasitor Bus 2…………………………...... | 52 |
Gambar 4.16 | Penempatan Kapasitor Bus 4…………………………...…….... | 53 |
Gambar 4.17 | Alert Penempatan Kapasitor Bus 4…………………………...... | 53 |
Gambar 4.18 | Tampilan Setelah Running Di ETAP pasang kapasitor……........ | 54 |
Gambar 4.19 | Tampilan Alert Pada ETAP………………..…………………… | 55 |
DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman
Tabel 2.1 | Vektor grup dan daya transformator......................................... | 16 |
Tabel 2.2 | Faktor kebersamaan.................................................................. | 18 |
Tabel 2.3 | Persentasi (%) impedansi transformator fasa-3 dan fasa-1 ...... | 19 |
Tabel 2.4 | Spesifikasi fuse cut-out dan fuse link (expulsion type) tegangan menengah (Publikasi IEC No.282-2 – NEMA.......... | 22 |
Tabel 2.5 | Jenis pelebur dan pembatas arus transformator distribusi........ | 24 |
Tabel 2.6 | Spesifikasi pengaman lebur (NH-fuse) tegangan rendah ......... | 26 |
Tabel 2.7 | KHA kabel pilin tegangan rendah berinti aluminium berisolasi XLPE atau PVC pada suhu keliling 30 ̊................... | 28 |
Tabel 2.8 | Variasi tegangan pelayanan ...................................................... | 29 |
Tabel 2.9 | Resistansi dan reaktansi penghantar twisted cable ................... | 29 |
Tabel 4.1 | Perbandingan hasil analisa ...................................................... | 55 |