Contract
TRAC T A TENBLAD
VAN HET
K O N I N K R I J K D E R N E D E R L A N D E N
JAARGANG 2010 Nr. 254
A. TITEL
Verdrag tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en de Republiek Seychellen inzake de uitwisseling van informatie betreffende belastingzaken;
(met Protocol) Victoria, 4 augustus 2010
B. TEKST
Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Seychelles on the exchange of information relating to tax matters
The Kingdom of the Netherlands and
the Republic of Seychelles
(hereinafter referred to as “the Contracting Parties”),
Desiring to facilitate the exchange of information with respect to taxes,
Have agreed as follows:
Article 1
Object and scope of the Agreement
The competent authorities of the Contracting Parties shall provide assistance through exchange of information that is foreseeably relevant to the administration and enforcement of the domestic laws of the Con- tracting Parties concerning taxes covered by this Agreement. Such infor-
xxxxxx shall include information that is foreseeably relevant to the deter- mination, assessment and collection of such taxes, the recovery and enforcement of tax claims, or the investigation or prosecution of tax matters. Information shall be exchanged in accordance with the provi- sions of this Agreement and shall be treated as confidential in the man- ner provided in Article 8. The rights and safeguards secured to persons by the laws or administrative practice of the requested Party remain applicable to the extent that they do not unduly prevent or delay effec- tive exchange of information.
Article 2
Jurisdiction
A requested Party is not obligated to provide information which is nei- ther held by its authorities nor in the possession or control of persons who are within its territorial jurisdiction.
Article 3
Taxes covered
1. The taxes which are the subject of this Agreement are taxes of every kind and description imposed by the Contracting Parties at the date of signature of the Agreement.
2. This Agreement shall also apply to any identical taxes imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to or in place of the existing taxes. This Agreement shall also apply to any substantially similar taxes imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to or in place of the existing taxes if the competent authorities of the Contracting Parties so agree. Furthermore, the taxes covered may be expanded or modified by mutual agreement of the Contracting Par- ties in the form of an exchange of letters. The competent authorities of the Contracting Parties shall notify each other of any substantial changes to the taxation and related information gathering measures covered by the Agreement.
Article 4
Definitions
1. For the purposes of this Agreement, unless otherwise defined:
a) the term “Contracting Party” means the Kingdom of the Nether- lands in respect of the Netherlands or the Republic of Seychelles as the context requires;
b) the term “the Netherlands” means the part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands that is situated in Europe, including its territorial seas, and any area beyond the territorial sea within which the Netherlands, in accordance with international law, exercises jurisdiction or sovereign rights with respect to the sea bed, its subsoil and its superjacent waters, and their natural resources;
c) the term “the Seychelles” means the territory of the Republic of Seychelles including its exclusive economic zone and continental shelf where Seychelles exercises sovereign rights and jurisdiction in conform- ity with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
d) the term “competent authority” means
i) in the case of the Netherlands, the Minister of Finance or his authorised representative;
ii) in the case of the Seychelles, the Minister of Finance or an auth- orised representative of the Minister of Finance;
e) the term “person” includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;
f) the term “company” means anybody corporate or any entity that is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
g) the term “publicly traded company” means any company whose principal class of shares is listed on a recognised stock exchange provid- ed its listed shares can be readily purchased or sold by the public. Shares can be purchased or sold “by the public” if the purchase or sale of shares is not implicitly or explicitly restricted to a limited group of investors;
h) the term “principal class of shares” means the class or classes of shares representing a majority of the voting power and value of the com- pany;
i) the term “recognised stock exchange” means any stock exchange agreed upon by the competent authorities of the Contracting Parties;
j) the term “collective investment fund or scheme” means any pooled investment vehicle, irrespective of legal form. The term “public collec- tive investment fund or scheme” means any collective investment fund or scheme provided the units, shares or other interests in the fund or scheme can be readily purchased, sold or redeemed by the public. Units, shares or other interests in the fund or scheme can be readily purchased, sold or redeemed “by the public” if the purchase, sale or redemption is not implicitly or explicitly restricted to a limited group of investors;
k) the term “tax” means any tax to which the Agreement applies;
l) the term “applicant Party” means the Contracting Party requesting information;
m) the term “requested Party” means the Contracting Party requested to provide information;
n) the term “information gathering measures” means laws and admin- istrative or judicial procedures that enable a Contracting Party to obtain and provide the requested information;
o) the term “information” means any fact, statement or record in any form whatever;
p) the term “criminal tax matters” means tax matters involving inten- tional conduct which is liable to prosecution under the criminal laws of the applicant Party;
q) the term “ criminal laws” means all criminal laws designated as such under domestic law irrespective of whether contained in the tax laws, the criminal code or other statutes.
2. As regards the application of this Agreement at any time by a Con- tracting Party, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context oth- erwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that Party, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that Party prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that Party.
Article 5
Exchange of information upon request
1. The competent authority of the requested Party shall provide upon request information for the purposes referred to in Article 1. Such infor- mation shall be exchanged without regard to whether the conduct being investigated would constitute a crime under the laws of the requested Party if such conduct occurred in the requested Party.
2. If the information in the possession of the competent authority of the requested Party is not sufficient to enable it to comply with the request for information, that Party shall use all relevant information gathering measures to provide the applicant Party with the information requested, notwithstanding that the requested Party may not need such information for its own tax purposes.
3. If specifically requested by the competent authority of an applicant Party, the competent authority of the requested Party shall provide infor- mation under this Article, to the extent allowable under its domestic laws, in the form of depositions of witnesses and authenticated copies of original records.
4. Each Contracting Party shall ensure that its competent authorities for the purposes specified in Article 1 of the Agreement, have the author- ity to obtain and provide upon request:
a) information held by banks, other financial institutions, and any per- son acting in an agency or fiduciary capacity including nominees and trustees;
b) information regarding the ownership of companies, partnerships, trusts, foundations, “Anstalten” and other persons, including, within the
constraints of Article 2, ownership information on all such persons in an ownership chain; in the case of trusts, information on settlors, trustees and beneficiaries; and in the case of foundations, information on found- ers, members of the foundation council and beneficiaries. Further, this Agreement does not create an obligation on the Contracting Parties to obtain or provide ownership information with respect to publicly traded companies or public collective investment funds or schemes unless such information can be obtained without giving rise to disproportionate dif- ficulties.
5. The competent authority of the applicant Party shall provide the following information to the competent authority of the requested Party when making a request for information under the Agreement to demon- strate the foreseeable relevance of the information to the request:
a) the identity of the person under examination or investigation;
b) a statement of the information sought including its nature and the form in which the applicant Party wishes to receive the information from the requested Party;
c) the tax purpose for which the information is sought;
d) grounds for believing that the information requested is held in the requested Party or is in the possession or control of a person within the jurisdiction of the requested Party;
e) to the extent known, the name and address of any person believed to be in possession of the requested information;
f) a statement that the request is in conformity with the law and administrative practices of the applicant Party, that if the requested infor- mation was within the jurisdiction of the applicant Party then the com- petent authority of the applicant Party would be able to obtain the infor- mation under the laws of the applicant Party or in the normal course of administrative practice and that it is in conformity with this Agreement;
g) a statement that the applicant Party has pursued all means avail- able in its own territory to obtain the information, except those that would give rise to disproportionate difficulties.
6. The competent authority of the requested Party shall forward the requested information as promptly as possible to the applicant Party. To ensure a prompt response, the competent authority of the requested Party shall:
a) Confirm receipt of a request in writing to the competent authority of the applicant Party and shall notify the competent authority of the applicant Party of deficiencies in the request, if any, within 60 days of the receipt of the request.
b) If the competent authority of the requested Party has been unable to obtain and provide the information within 90 days of receipt of the request, including if it encounters obstacles in furnishing the informa- tion or it refuses to furnish the information, immediately inform the
applicant Party, explaining the reason for its inability, the nature of the obstacles or the reasons for its refusal.
Article 6
Tax examinations abroad
1. A requested Party may allow representatives of the competent authority of the applicant Party to enter the territory of the requested Party to interview individuals and examine records with the written con- sent of the persons concerned. The competent authority of the requested Party shall notify the competent authority of the applicant Party of the time and place of the meeting with the individuals concerned.
2. At the request of the competent authority of one Contracting Party, the competent authority of the requested Party may allow representatives of the competent authority of the applicant Party to be present at the appropriate part of a tax examination in the requested Party.
3. If the request referred to in paragraph 2 is acceded to, the compe- tent authority of the Contracting Party conducting the examination shall, as soon as possible, notify the competent authority of the applicant Party about the time and place of the examination, the authority or official designated to carry out the examination and the procedures and condi- tions required by the requested Party for the conduct of the examination. All decisions with respect to the conduct of the tax examination shall be made by the Party conducting the examination.
Article 7
Possibility of declining a request
1. The requested Party shall not be required to obtain or provide information that the applicant Party would not be able to obtain under its own laws for purposes of the administration or enforcement of its own tax laws. The competent authority of the requested Party may decline to assist where the request is not made in conformity with this Agreement.
2. The provisions of this Agreement shall not impose on a Contract- ing Party the obligation to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process. Notwithstanding the foregoing, information of the type referred to in Article 5, paragraph 4 shall not be treated as such a secret or trade process merely because it meets the criteria in that paragraph.
3. The provisions of this Agreement shall not impose on a Contract- ing Party the obligation to obtain or provide information, which would reveal confidential communications between a client and an attorney, solicitor or other admitted legal representative where such communica- tions are:
a) produced for the purposes of seeking or providing legal advice, or
b) produced for the purposes of use in existing or contemplated legal proceedings.
4. The requested Party may decline a request for information if the disclosure of the information would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).
5. A request for information shall not be refused on the ground that the tax claim giving rise to the request is disputed.
6. The requested Party may decline a request for information if the information is requested by the applicant Party to administer or enforce a provision of the tax law of the applicant Party, or any requirement con- nected therewith, which discriminates against a national of the requested Party as compared with a national of the applicant Party in the same cir- cumstances.
Article 8
Confidentiality
Any information received by a Contracting Party under this Agree- ment shall be treated as confidential and may be disclosed only to per- sons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) in the jurisdiction of the Contracting Party concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the deter- mination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by this Agreement. Such persons or authorities shall use such information only for such pur- poses. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions. The information may not be disclosed to any other person or entity or authority or any other jurisdiction without the express written consent of the competent authority of the requested Party.
Article 9
Costs
Incidence of costs incurred in providing assistance shall be agreed by the Contracting Parties.
Implementation legislation
The Contracting Parties shall enact any legislation necessary to com- ply with, and give effect to, the terms of the Agreement.
Article 11
Mutual agreement procedure
1. Where difficulties or doubts arise between the Contracting Parties regarding the implementation or interpretation of the Agreement, the competent authorities shall endeavour to resolve the matter by mutual agreement.
2. In addition to the agreements referred to in paragraph 1, the com- petent authorities of the Contracting Parties may mutually agree on the procedures to be used under Articles 5 and 6.
3. The competent authorities of the Contracting Parties may commu- nicate with each other directly for purposes of reaching agreement under this Article.
4. The Contracting Parties may also agree on other forms of dispute resolution.
Article 12
Entry into force
This Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the second month after receipt of the later of the notifications of the Contracting Parties, in which they inform each other in writing of the completion of their internal procedures required for the entry into force.
Upon entry into force, it shall have effect:
a) for criminal tax matters on that date; and
b) for all other matters covered in Article 1 on that date, but only in respect of taxable periods beginning on or after January 1st, 2010, or where there is no taxable period, all charges to tax arising on or after that date.
Termination
1. Either Contracting Party may terminate the Agreement by serving a notice of termination through diplomatic channels to the other Con- tracting Party.
2. Such termination shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of six months after the date of receipt of the notice of termination by the other Contracting Party.
3. Following termination of the Agreement the Contracting Parties shall remain bound by the provisions of Article 8 with respect to any information obtained under the Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Agreement.
DONE at Victoria this 4th day of August 2010, in duplicate, in the English language.
For the Kingdom of the Netherlands:
M. L. A. C. XXX XXX XXXXX Nairobi, 13 July 2010
For the Republic of Seychelles:
XXXXX XXXX
Protocol between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Seychelles concerning the interpretation and application of the Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Seychelles on the exchange of information relating to tax matters
The Kingdom of the Netherlands and
the Republic of Seychelles,
(hereinafter referred to as “the Contracting Parties”),
Desiring to facilitate the exchange of information relating to taxes,
Have further agreed as follows:
Article 1
If personal data are exchanged under the Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Seychelles for the exchange of information relating to tax matters (the Agreement), the fol- lowing additional provisions shall apply:
a) The receiving authority may use such data only for the stated pur- pose and shall be subject to the conditions prescribed by the supplying authority; such use is also permitted, subject to the written consent required under Article 8, for the prevention and prosecution of serious crimes and for the purpose of addressing serious threats to public secur- ity;
b) The receiving authority shall on request inform the supplying authority about the use of the supplied data and the results achieved thereby;
c) Personal data may be supplied only to the responsible agencies. Any subsequent supply to other agencies may be effected only with the prior approval of the supplying authority;
d) The supplying authority shall be obliged to take all reasonable care to ensure that the data to be supplied are accurate and that they are nec- xxxxxx for and proportionate to the purpose for which they are supplied. Any bans on data supply prescribed under applicable domestic law shall be observed. If it emerges that inaccurate data or data which should not have been supplied have been supplied, the receiving authority shall be informed of this without delay. That authority shall be obliged to correct or erase such data without delay;
e) Upon application the person concerned shall be informed of the supplied data relating to him and of the use to which such data are to be put. There shall be no obligation to furnish this information if on bal- ance it turns out that the public interest in withholding it outweighs the interest of the person concerned in receiving it. In all other respects, the right of the person concerned to be informed of the existing data relat- ing to him shall be governed by the domestic law of the Contracting Party in whose sovereign territory the application for the information is made;
f) The receiving authority shall bear liability in accordance with its domestic laws in relation to any person suffering unlawful damage as a result of supply of data pursuant to this Agreement. In relation to the damaged person, the receiving authority may not plead in its defence that the damage had been caused by the supplying agency;
g) If the domestic law of the supplying authority provides, with respect to the personal data supplied, for erasure within a certain period of time that authority shall inform the receiving authority accordingly. Irrespective of such periods, supplied personal data shall be erased once they are no longer required for the purpose for which they were sup- plied;
h) The supplying and the receiving authority shall be obliged to keep official records of the supply and receipt of personal data;
i) The supplying and the receiving authority shall be obliged to take effective measures to protect the personal data supplied against unau- thorised access, unauthorised alteration and unauthorised disclosure.
Article 2
In light of the experience of the operation of the Agreement, or to reflect changing circumstances, either Contracting Party may wish to propose an amendment to the terms of this Agreement. If so, it is under- stood that the other Contracting Party will agree to hold timely discus- sions with a view to revising the terms of the Agreement.
a) The competent authorities may initiate discussions in case:
(i) the Kingdom of the Netherlands enters into an agreement with another jurisdiction comparable to the Republic of Seychelles which provides for other forms of exchange of information;
(ii) the Republic of Seychelles enters into an agreement with an- other jurisdiction which provides for other forms of exchange of information;
(iii) the Republic of Seychelles introduces new legislation which enables other forms of exchange of information.
b) If the Kingdom of the Netherlands enters into arrangements with another jurisdiction comparable to the Republic of Seychelles for the provision of information with respect to taxes that are less burdensome in any material respect than the provisions of the Agreement, the Repub- lic of Seychelles may initiate discussions with the Netherlands with a view to modifying the Agreement to have similar effect.
Article 3
This Protocol shall form an integral part of the Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Seychelles on the exchange of information relating to tax matters, and shall enter into force on the same date as the Agreement.
The Contracting Parties may by mutual arrangement amend this Pro- tocol at any time in writing. Such amendment shall enter into force on the first day of the second month after the Contracting Parties have noti- fied each other in writing that the constitutional or internal requirements for the entry into force of the amendment have been complied with.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Protocol.
DONE at Victoria this 4th day of August 2010, in duplicate, in the English language.
For the Kingdom of the Netherlands:
M.L.A.C. XXX XXX XXXXX Nairobi, 13 July 2010
For the Republic of Seychelles:
XXXXX XXXX
D. PARLEMENT
Het Verdrag, met Protocol, behoeft ingevolge artikel 91 van de Grond- wet de goedkeuring van de Staten-Generaal, alvorens het Koninkrijk aan het Verdrag, met Protocol, xxx xxxxxx gebonden.
G. INWERKINGTREDING
De bepalingen van het Verdrag, met Protocol, zullen ingevolge artikel 12 van het Verdrag juncto artikel 3 van het Protocol, in xxxxxxx xxxxxx op de eerste dag van de tweede maand na ontvangst van de laatste xxx- nisgeving waarin de verdragspartijen elkaar er schriftelijk van in kennis hebben gesteld dat de vereiste interne procedures voor de inwerkingtre- ding zijn voltooid.
J. VERWIJZINGEN
Titel : Verdrag xxxxxx de Organisatie voor Economische Sa- menwerking en Ontwikkeling;
Parijs, 14 december 1960
Tekst : Trb. 1961, 42 (Frans en Xxxxxx)
Trb. 1961, 60 (vertaling)
Laatste Trb. : Trb. 1994, 193
Uitgegeven de zevende oktober 2010.
De Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken,
M. J. M. VERHAGEN
TRB5408
ISSN 0920 - 2218
’s-Gravenhage 2010