EPD Environmental Product Declaration
EPD Environmental Product Declaration
STYROFOAM™ A-N och PERIMATE™ A-N, extruderad polystyren (XPS).
Denna EPD är utarbetad för EXIBA, som är en branschförening för producenter av extruderad polystyren (XPS) i Europa. DOW® Chemical som producerar STYROFOAM™ och PERIMATE™ är medlem av EXIBA.
Denna EPD gäller för följande produkter:
STYROFOAM™ 200 SL-A-N
STYROFOAM™ 250 SL-A-N
STYROFOAM™ 250 BE-A-N
STYROFOAM™ 300 SL-A-N
STYROFOAM™ 300 BE-A-N
STYROFOAM™ 400 SL-A-N
STYROFOAM™ 500 SL-A-N
STYROFOAM™ 700 SL-A-N PERIMATE™ DI-A-N
I delar av Europa används flamskyddsmedel i polystyren på grund av krav avseende produkternas brandreaktion. Produkterna Saint-Gobain Sweden AB, ISOVER säljer från DOW® Chemical är producerade på deras fabrik i Norrköping i Sverige, och här produceras all XPS - STYROFOAM™ och PERIMATE™ utan innehåll av flamskyddsmedel, HBCD eller TBBPA. Gemensamt för dessa produkter är att de är märkta med bokstäverna «A-N». Detta bekräftas av DOW® Chemical i bifogat brev som följer direkt efter denna försidan. Breven och EPDn är på engelska.
SAINT-GOBAIN SWEDEN AB ISOVER
SE-267 82 Billesholm • Sweden • Tel x00 00 000 00 • xxx.xxxxxx.xx
Bankgiro: 863-7035 • VAT: 556241259201 • Xxx.xx: 556241-2592
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION as per ISO 14025 and EN 15804 | |
Owner of the Declaration | EXIBA - European Extruded Polystyrene Insulation Board |
Association | |
Programme holder | Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU) |
Publisher | Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU) |
Declaration number | EPD-EXI-20140155-IBE1-EN |
Issue date | 12.11.2014 |
Valid to | 11.11.2019 |
Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Foam Insulation with alternative flame retardant
EXIBA - European Extruded Polystyrene Insulation Board Association
xxx.xxx-xxxxxx.xxx / xxxxx://xxx-xxxxxx.xxx
1. General Information
EXIBA - European Extruded Polystyrene Insulation Board Association
Programme holder
IBU - Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. Panoramastr. 1
10178 Berlin Germany
Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Foam Insulation
Owner of the Declaration
EXIBA - European Extruded Polystyrene Insulation Board Association
Avenue E. xxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx, 0 0000 Xxxxxxxx
Belgium
Declaration number Declared product / Declared unit
EPD-EXI-20140155-IBE1-EN XPS (extruded polystyrene foam) boards produced by the EXIBA members. The EPD applies to 1 m2 of 100 mm thick XPS board, i.e. 0.1 m3, with an average density of 33.7 kg/m3.
This Declaration is based on the Product Scope:
Category Rules:
Insulating materials made of foam plastics, 07.2014 (PCR tested and approved by the independent expert committee)
Issue date
12.11.2014
Valid to
11.11.2019
The companies contributing to the data collection produce more than 90% of the extruded polystyrene foam boards containing alternative flame retardant sold by the members of the EXIBA association in Europe. The data have been provided by 19 factories out of six companies (BASF, Dow Building Solutions, Fibran, Jackon Insulation, Knauf Insulation and Ursa) for the year 2012.
The owner of the declaration shall be liable for the underlying information and evidence; the IBU shall not be liable with respect to manufacturer information, life cycle assessment data and evidences.
Verification
The CEN Norm EN 15804 serves as the core PCR
Independent verification of the declaration according to ISO 14025
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Xxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxxx (President of Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.)
internally
x externally
Dr. Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx (Managing Director IBU)
Prof. Dr. Xxxxxx Xxxxx
(Independent tester appointed by XXX)
2. Product
2.1 Product description
Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) is a thermoplastic insulation foam produced according to /EN 13164/ and available in board shape with a density range from 20 to 50 kg/m3. The boards can be delivered in various compressive strength values from 150 to 700 kPa. To meet the need of various applications the boards are produced with different surfaces: with the extrusion skin, planed, grooved or with thermal embossing. XPS boards are supplied with different edge treatments such as butt edge, ship lap and tongue and groove.
The EPD is related to unlaminated XPS products only; lamination and additional product treatment are not considered.
The declared product reflects the European average of the association members.
2.2 Application
The variety of the performance properties of XPS thermal insulation foams make them suitable for use in a large number of applications such as: perimeter
insulation, inverted insulation for terrace roofs, insulation of pitched roofs, floor insulation including insulation of highly loaded industrial floors, insulation of thermal bridges for exterior walls, ETICS, insulation of cavity walls, agricultural building ceiling insulation, prefabricated elements e.g. building sandwich panels, insulation for building equipment and industrial installations (pipe sections, …).
2.3 Technical Data
Acoustic properties are not relevant for XPS. For fire performance these products except in Scandinavia achieve the fire classification Euroclass E according to
/EN 13501-1/.
Constructional data
Name | Value | Unit |
Gross density | 20 - 50 | kg/m3 |
Calculation value for thermal conductivity acc. to /EN 12667/ and /EN 13164/ Annex C | 0.03 - 0.041 | W/(mK) |
2.4 Placing on the market / Application rules XPS foams are labeled with the CE-mark according to EN 13164. These products are additionally approved for use in specific applications under mandatory or voluntary agreement or certification schemes at the national level. These products are controlled and certified by Notified Bodies. A large number of the manufacturing plants are certified according to ISO 9001 and/or ISO 14001.
2.5 Delivery status
Length: 1000-3000 mm; Width: 600-1200 mm; Thickness: 20-200 mm (320 mm multilayer product) For the LCA a thickness of 100 mm was considered.
2.6 Base materials / Ancillary materials
XPS foams are mostly made of Polystyrene (90 to 95% by weight – CAS 9003-53-6), blown with carbon dioxide (CAS 124-38-9) and halogen-free co-blowing agents altogether up to 8% by weight.
Basic material Mass portion
Polystyrene 90 - 95 %
Blowing agents 5 - 8 %
Carbon Dioxide 40 - 80 %
Co-blowing Agents 20 - 60 %
Flame retardant 0.5 - 3 % Additives (e.g. pigments) Less than 1%
The alternative flame retardant is used to enable the foam to meet fire performance standards. The foam no longer contains HBCD nor any other /REACH/ SVHC. Other additives are used, e.g. color pigments and processing aids in minor quantity.
Polystyrene is produced from oil and gas therefore it is linked to the availability of these raw materials.
Polystyrene is mostly transported by road or sometimes produced on the same site.
2.7 Manufacture
XPS is produced by a continuous extrusion process using electricity as the main power source: polystyrene granules are melted in an extruder and a blowing agent is injected into the extruder under high pressure. The drop in pressure at the exit die causes the polystyrene to foam into a board with homogeneous and closed cell structure.
Then the boards’ edges are trimmed, and the product is cut to dimensions. The smooth foam skin resulting
from the extrusion process remains on the boards or is removed mechanically for particular board types
Water vapour diffusion resistance factor acc. to /EN 12086/ | 50 - 250 | - |
Water absorption after diffusion acc. to /EN 12088/ | 3 - 5 | Vol.-% |
Deformation under compressive load and temperature acc. to /EN 1605/ | ≤ 5 | % |
Compressive stress or strength at 10% deflection acc. to /EN 826/ | 150 - 700 | kPa |
Compressive modulus of elasticity acc. to /EN 826/ | 10000 - 40000 | kPa |
Tensile strength perpendicular to faces acc. to /EN 826/ | 100 - 400 | kPa |
Compressive creep/long-term comppressive strength acc. to /EN 1606/ | < 250 | kPa |
Freeze-thaw resistance acc. to /EN 12091/ | ≤ 2 | Vol.-% |
Dimensional stability acc. to /EN 1604/ | ≤ 5 | % |
to achieve better adhesive strength in combination with
e.g. concrete, mortar, or construction adhesives. Some boards receive special surface patterns or grooves. Most of XPS foams off-grade material or scrap from production is recycled in the production process of XPS.
A large number of the manufacturing plants are certified according to /ISO 9001/.
2.8 Environment and health during manufacturing
No further health protection measures beyond the regulated measures for manufacturing firms are necessary during all production steps. A large number of the manufacturing plants are certified according to
/ISO 14001/.
2.9 Product processing/Installation
Handling recommendations for XPS foams can be found in product and application literature, brochures and data sheets provided directly by suppliers or available from the internet. There are no special required instructions regarding personal precautions and environmental protection during the product handling and installation.
2.10 Packaging
The polyethylene-based packaging film is recyclable and actually recycled in those countries having a return system.
2.11 Condition of use
Water pick-up by capillarity does generally not occur with XPS foams due to their closed cell structure. The thermal insulation performance of XPS is practically not affected by exposure to water or water vapour.
Usually maintenance will not be required, if the XPS boards are installed according to handling installation requirements (see: Installation description).
2.12 Environment and health during use
XPS product is in most applications not in direct contact with the environment nor with the indoor air. There is no significant release of substances from the product as installed during its service life, as confirmed by the best possible ratings obtained in existing VOC emission schemes; e. g. /AgBB/.
2.13 Reference service life
The durability of XPS foam is normally at least as long as the lifetime of the building in which it is used. This is explained by the superior mechanical and water resistance properties of these products.
2.14 Extraordinary effects Fire
XPS products except in Scandinavia achieve the fire classification Euroclass E according to EN 13501-1. If the contact with the external flame stops, neither further burning nor smouldering can be observed.
Ignition of the foam can only be observed after longer small flame exposures.
Fire performance
Name | Value |
Building material class | E |
Burning droplets | - |
Smoke gas development | - |
Water
Water pick-up by capillarity does generally not occur with XPS foams due to their closed cell structure. The thermal insulation performance of XPS is practically not affected by exposure to water or water vapour.
Mechanical destruction
Not relevant for XPS products that have superior mechanical properties.
2.15 Re-use phase
In order to maximize the potential to re-use XPS boards, one must avoid that they are damaged or glued. Instead separation layers between the insulation and the concrete should be used or mechanical fixation should be applied.
In the inverted roof application XPS boards are installed loose laid and therefore can be easily removed and reused on another roof. For existing conventional flat-roofs the XPS boards can stay in place when for example the existing roof construction is thermally upgraded as a plus-roof. Recovered XPS boards from mechanically fixed applications can be
reused for insulation of basement walls and foundations.
Due to the high calorific value of polystyrene, energy embedded in XPS boards can be recovered in municipal waste incinerators equipped with energy recovery units for steam and electricity generation and district heating.
2.16 Disposal
XPS boards that cannot be easily retrieved from the building are usually landfilled. The material is assigned to the waste category: 17 06 04 insulation materials
other than those mentioned in 17 06 01 (insulation
materials containing asbestos) and 17 06 03 (other insulation materials consisting of or containing dangerous substances).
2.17 Further information
Additional information can be found at the following Webpages:
xxx.xxxxx.xxx xxx.xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/xx xxx.xxxxxxxx.xx xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xx xxx.xxxxxx.xxx
xxx.xxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx.xxx/xx xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx xxx.xxxxxxx.xxx xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx xxx.xxxx.xx
3. LCA: Calculation rules
3.1 Declared Unit
The declared unit is 1 m² with a thickness of 100 mm,
e.g. 0.1 m³. The declared product reflects the European average of the association members weighted for market share.
Corresponding conversion factors are listed in the table below.
Declared unit
Name | Value | Unit |
Declared unit with thickness 100 mm | 1 | m2 |
Conversion factor to 1 kg | 0.3 | - |
Gross density | 33.7 | kg/m3 |
Declared unit | 0.1 | m3 |
For XPS products with densities or thickness different from the reference density of 33.7 kg/m3 the environmental impacts may be calculated using the following equation:
Iadap – adapted LCIA indicator or LCI parameter Iref – LCIA indicator or LCI parameter for reference density of 33.7kg/m3
ρradap – adapted density
ρref – reference density 33.7 kg/m3
dadap – adapted board thickness
dref – thickness of reference board (100 mm)
Exceptions are categories, which are not mainly driven by raw material consumption respective mass. That applies to acidification potential and ozone depletion potential. These two categories do not correlate with
the mass of the product and cannot be evaluated that way.
3.2 System boundary
Type of EPD: cradle-to-gate (A1 - A3) – with options The following modules are considered in the Life Cycle Assessment:
• Raw material supply (A1),
• Transport to manufacturer (A2),
• Manufacturing (A3),
• Transport to construction site (A4)
• Transport to EoL (C2),
• Disposal (C4) with two scenarios (landfill (sc. 1) and thermal treatment (sc. 2)
• Reuse, recovery or recycling potential (D) - beyond system boundary.
3.3 Estimates and assumptions
The environmental profile of the flame retardant is based on valid estimations, based on literature data, basically /Xxxxxxxx/.
3.4 Cut-off criteria
In the assessment, all available data from production process are considered, i.e. all raw materials used, utilised thermal energy, and electric power consumption using best available LCI datasets.
A few additives with low mass ratio were not addressed in the questionnaire. These filler materials and pigments underrun a ratio of 5 mass-% of total material input. Used fillers are e. g. talc and citric acid, which do not have relevant impacts in regard to the considered categories. Pigments, which are generally used in all XPS products are included in the declared mass of polystyrene already. The PS granulate is often already coloured. Only environmentally non-hazardous
pigments are applied. The missing filler amount is calculative filled up by polystyrene; thus an under- counting is avoided.
3.5 Background data
Background data is taken from the GaBi software
/GaBi 2013/, see xxx.xxxx-xxxxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxxxxx.
3.6 Data quality
The foreground data, mainly the raw material and energy consumption during the production process is measured data.
Most of the necessary life cycle inventories are available in the GaBi database. The last update of the database was 2013.
3.7 Period under review
The foreground data collected by the manufacturers are based on yearly production amounts and extrapolations of measurements on specific machines and plants. The production data refer to an average of the year 2012.
3.8 Allocation
There are no co-products generated during the XPS- production. Allocations in the foreground system are done for waste respective recycling materials only.
Allocation for waste materials:
Post-industrial XPS waste from extrusion lines, which does not get reused in the process, is sent to a waste incineration plant.
All applied incineration processes are displayed via a partial stream consideration for the combustion process, according to the specific composition of the incinerated material. For the waste incineration plant an R1-value of 0.6 is assumed.
Resulting electrical and thermal energy is looped inside module A1-A3. The quality of the recovered energy is assumed to be the same as that of the input energy.
In the software model the environmental burdens of the supply chain are displayed via aggregated datasets. Due to this fact thermal energy resulting from incineration processes are credited with a GaBi- process of thermal energy from natural gas (EU-27), integrated in module A1-A3.
Environmental burden of the incineration the product in the EoL-scenario are assigned to the system (C4); resulting benefits for thermal and electrical energy are declared in module D.
Benefits are given according European average data for electrical and thermal energy generated from natural gas.
Allocation for upstream data
For all refinery products, allocation by mass and net calorific value has been applied. The manufacturing route of every refinery product is modelled and the product-specific effort associated with their production is calculated.
For other materials' inventory used in the production process calculation the most suitable allocation rules are applied. Information on single LCIs is documented on xxxx://xxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxxx- xxxxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxxx/xxxx/.
3.9 Comparability
Basically, a comparison or an evaluation of EPD data is only possible if all the data sets to be compared were created according to /EN 15804/ and the building context, respectively the product-specific characteristics of performance, are taken into account.
4. LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information
The following technical information is a basis for the declared modules or can be used for developing specific scenarios in the context of a building assessment if modules are not declared (MND).
The values refer to the declared unit of 1 m² XPS.
Transport to the building site (A4)
Name | Value | Unit |
Payload of truck | 5 | t |
Litres of fuel diesel with maximum load | 0.018 | l/100km |
Transport distance (market-weighted average) | 528 | km |
Capacity utilisation (including empty runs) | 70 | % |
Gross density of products transported | 33.7 | kg/m3 |
Capacity utilisation volume factor | 1 | - |
End of life (C1-C4; C2 and C4)
For the End of Life stage two different scenarios are considered. One scenario with 100% landfill (sc. 1) and one scenario with 100% incineration (sc. 2) are calculated. The incineration of XPS results in benefits, beyond the system boundary, for thermal energy and electricity under European conditions.
Recycling | 0 | kg |
Landfilling Scenario 1 | 3.37 | kg |
Energy recovery Scenario 2 | 3.37 | kg |
Reuse, recovery and/or recycling potentials (D), relevant scenario information
Module D includes the credits of the incineration process C4 (incineration of XPS boards). A waste incineration plant with R1-value < 0.6 is assumed.
Name | Value | Unit |
Collected separately XPS | 3.37 | kg |
Collected as mixed construction waste | 0 | kg |
Reuse | 0 | kg |
5. LCA: Results
The following tables display the environmental relevant results according to EN 15804 for 1 m² XPS board. The two EoL Scenarios are represented in modules C4 and D. C4/1 and D1 reflect the landfilling of XPS, C4/2 and D2 shows the environmental results in case of thermal treatment of XPS-boards.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BOUNDARY (X = INCLUDED IN LCA; MND = MODULE NOT DECLARED)
PRODUCT STAGE | CONSTRUCTI ON PROCESS STAGE | USE STAGE | END OF LIFE STAGE | BENEFITS AND LOADS BEYOND THE SYSTEM BOUNDARYS | ||||||||||||
Raw material supply | Transport | Manufacturing | Transport from the gate to the site | Assembly | Use | Maintenance | Repair | Replacement1) | Refurbishment1) | Operational energy use | Operational water use | De-construction demolition | Transport | Waste processing | Disposal | Reuse- Recovery- Recycling- potential |
A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
X | X | X | X | MND | MND | MND | MND | MND | MND | MND | MND | MND | X | MND | X | X |
RESULTS OF THE LCA - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: 1 m² XPS board with thickness of 100 mm
Param eter | Unit | A1 - A3 | A4 | C2 | C4/1 | C4/2 | D/1 | D/2 |
GWP | [kg CO2-Eq.] | 9.444 | 0.283 | 0.026 | 0.241 | 11.190 | 0.000 | -5.292 |
ODP | [kg CFC11-Eq.] | 1.250E-9 | 1.350E-12 | 1.259E-13 | 9.398E-12 | 2.913E-11 | 0.000E+0 | -1.678E-9 |
AP | [kg SO2-Eq.] | 2.661E-2 | 7.779E-4 | 7.235E-5 | 7.488E-4 | 6.857E-4 | 0.000E+0 | -1.376E-2 |
EP | [kg (PO4)3-- Eq.] | 2.068E-3 | 1.605E-4 | 1.493E-5 | 8.977E-4 | 1.358E-4 | 0.000E+0 | -9.336E-4 |
POCP | [kg Ethen Eq.] | 2.294E-2 | -2.000E-4 | -1.860E-5 | 9.332E-5 | 8.089E-5 | 0.000E+0 | -1.109E-3 |
ADPE | [kg Sb Eq.] | 4.290E-6 | 1.066E-8 | 9.913E-10 | 4.817E-8 | 1.502E-7 | 0.000E+0 | -4.359E-7 |
ADPF | [MJ] | 274.000 | 3.902 | 0.363 | 3.480 | 1.226 | 0.000 | -74.120 |
Caption | GWP = Global warming potential; ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential of land and water; EP = Eutrophication potential; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone photochemical oxidants; ADPE = Abiotic depletion potential for non fossil resources; ADPF = Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources | |||||||
RESULTS OF THE LCA - RESOURCE USE: 1 m² XPS board with thickness of 100 mm
Parameter | Unit | A1 - A3 | A4 | C2 | C4/1 | C4/2 | D/1 | D/2 |
XXXX | [MJ] | 7.218 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
PERM | [MJ] | 0.000 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
PERT | [MJ] | 7.218 | 0.154 | 0.014 | 0.182 | 0.141 | 0.000 | -7.977 |
PENRE | [MJ] | 152.200 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
PENRM | [MJ] | 134.600 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
PENRT | [MJ] | 286.800 | 3.915 | 0.364 | 3.643 | 1.427 | 0.000 | -89.900 |
SM | [kg] | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
RSF | [MJ] | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
NRSF | [MJ] | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
FW | [m³] | 4.395E-2 | 1.085E-4 | 1.009E-5 | -3.226E-3 | 2.157E-2 | 0.000E+0 | -1.980E-2 |
Caption | PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non renewable primary energy excluding non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non renewable primary energy resources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water | |||||||
RESULTS OF THE LCA – OUTPUT FLOWS AND WASTE CATEGORIES: 1 m² XPS board with thickness of 100 mm | ||||||||
Parameter | Unit | A1 - A3 | A4 | C2 | C4/1 | C4/2 | D/1 | D/2 |
HWD | [kg] | 7.332E-3 | 8.918E-6 | 8.294E-7 | 1.209E-4 | 4.385E-6 | 0.000E+0 | -6.047E-3 |
NHWD | [kg] | 3.771E-2 | 4.923E-4 | 4.579E-5 | 3.357E+0 | 7.718E-2 | 0.000E+0 | -1.982E-2 |
RWD | [kg] | 5.062E-3 | 5.126E-6 | 4.767E-7 | 6.441E-5 | 8.320E-5 | 0.000E+0 | -6.285E-3 |
CRU | [kg] | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | - | - |
MFR | [kg] | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | - | - |
MER | [kg] | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | - | - |
EEE | [MJ] | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | - | - |
EET | [MJ] | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | - | - |
Caption | HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed; CRU = Components for re-use; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EEE = Exported electrical energy; EEE = Exported thermal energy | |||||||
6. LCA: Interpretation
Overall most of the impact categories and LCI parameters are dominated by the polystyrene (PS) production.
Another very important driver is the electricity consumption during XPS production with 25%
contributing to the acidification potential (AP) and even more than 50% to the ozone depletion potential (ODP). Reasons for the acidification potential are the combustion of fossil fuels for power generation with emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxide. The
ozone depletion is determined by the used cooling agents during nuclear electricity generation.
Emissions of blowing agents during the manufacturing process are of relevant influence within the photochemical ozone creation potential with 85% share rate. In general the transports, the production of blowing agents and flame retardant have low relevance regarding the considered impact categories. The chosen EoL scenario has a high influence on the results.
Moreover the Eutrophication (EP) is driven to one third by the end of life in case of scenario landfill. But it must be stated that in total the nutrient contamination during XPS production is on a low level. That is one reason for the dominance of the landfill process, another one is rooted in limitations of the LCA landfill model. The deposit of plastics is a very extreme situation, due to the fact, that actually there is no release or depletion within a period of 100 years. This conflicts with background standard values, which consider leakage from a municipal waste landfill body.
The landfill process seems to “generate” fresh water; a negative fresh water use is detectable regarding the fresh water use (FW) in module C4/1 . This is a flow characterization issue due to the fact that the rain water input in contrast to river water output is not considered in regard to fresh water use.
There is a difference detectable regarding primary energy renewable between A1-A3 and the benefit in D/2 (plus 10%). In this study renewable energy is only consumed via the electricity grid mix. Due to the high heating value of XPS the benefit of electricity generated in the waste incineration plant is higher than the requested electricity during manufacturing.
Moreover the additional benefit is caused by the use of
different electricity datasets on input and output side. In A1-A3 country-specific electricity data sets are used on base of the market share. In D the model refers to an average EU electricity dataset with higher renewable energy content.
The following figures reflect the global warming potential (GWP) and the primary energy consumption (PENRT) with its contribution to the life cycle
stages.
7. Requisite evidence
7.1 VOC Emissions
XPS products can be used indoor however they are generally not exposed to the indoor air but covered by a finishing element or system.
The emissions of 14 samples of XPS products from 9 different EXIBA members have been tested by Eurofins Product Testing A/S, Denmark in July 2011. The emission testing meets the requirements of the AgBB/DIBt method.
The tested products all comply with the requirements of DIBt (October 2008) and AgBB (May 2010) for the use in the indoor environment.
VOC Emissions
Name | Value | Unit |
Overview of Results (28 days) | - | μg/m3 |
TVOC (C6 - C16) | 0 - 1000 | μg/m3 |
Sum SVOC (C16 - C22) | 0 - 100 | μg/m3 |
R (dimensionless) | 0 - 1 | - |
VOC without NIK | 0 - 100 | μg/m3 |
Carcinogenic Substances | not detected | μg/m3 |
7.2 Leaching performance
Leaching behaviour is not relevant for extruded polystyrene foam products.
8. References
Institut Bauen und Umwelt
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., Berlin (pub.): Generation of Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs);
ISO 14025
DIN EN ISO 14025:2011-10: Environmental labels and declarations — Type III environmental declarations — Principles and procedures
EN 15804
EN 15804:2012-04+A1 2013: Sustainability of construction works — Environmental Product Declarations — Core rules for the product category of construction products
AgBB
German Committee for Health-Related Evaluation of Building Products, Berlin
DIBt
German Institute for Construction Technology, Berlin
PCR 2013, Part A
PCR - Part A: Calculation rules for the Life Cycle Assessment and Requirements on the Background Report, Version 1.2, Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., 2013
PCR 2013, Part B
Product category rules for construction products Part B: Requirements of the EPD for foam plastic insulation materials, version 1.5, 2013
ISO 9001
Quality management systems - Requirements
ISO 14001
Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use
EN 15804
EN 15804:2012-04: Sustainability of construction works — Environmental Product Declarations — Core rules for the product category of construction products
EN 1604
EN 1604:2013-05: Thermal insulating products for building applications – Determination of dimensional stability under specified temperature and humidity conditions
EN 1605
EN 1605:2013-05: Thermal insulating products for building applications – Determination of deformation under specified compressive load and temperature conditions
EN 1606
2013-05: Thermal insulating products for building applications – Determination of compressive creep
EN 1607
2013-05 Thermal insulating products for building applications – Determination of tensile strength perpendicular to face
EN 12086
2013-06: Thermal insulation products for building applications – Determination of water vapour trans- mission properties
EN 12088
2013-06: Thermal insulation products for building applications – Determination of long-term water absorption by diffusion
EN 12091
2013-06: Thermal insulation products for building applications – Determination of freeze-thaw resistance
EN 826
2013-05: Thermal insulation products for building applications – Determination of compression behaviour
EN 13501-1
2010-01: Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests
EN 12667
2001-05: Thermal performance of buildings materials and products – Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Products of high and medium thermal resistance
EN 13164
2013-03, Thermal insulation products for buildings – Factory-made extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) products – Specification
AVV
Ordinance concerning the European Waste Directory (Waste Directory Ordinance - AVV): Waste Directory Ordinance dated 10th December 2011 (Federal Legal Gazette I p. 3379), which has been modified by Article 5 Paragraph 22 of the law dated 24th February 2012 (Federal Legal Gazette. I p. 212).
GaBi 2013
GaBi 6 Software and Documentation: Database for integrated balancing. LBP, University of Stuttgart and PE International, Documentation of GaBi 6 data sets xxxx://xxx.xxxx-xxxxxxxx.xxx/xxxxxxxxx, 2013
REACH
Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Hazards, 2007
Xxxxxxxx
Xxxx Xxxxx & Sons, Inc., ULLMANN'S Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Hoboken / USA, 2014
Publisher | ||
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. | Tel | +49 (0)00 0000000- 0 |
Panoramastr. 1 | Fax | +49 (0)00 0000000- 00 |
10178 Berlin | ||
Germany | Web | |
Programme holder | ||
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. | Tel | +49 (0)30 - 3087748- 0 |
Panoramastr 1 | Fax | +49 (0)30 – 0000000 - 29 |
10178 Berlin | ||
Germany | Web | |
Author of the Life Cycle Assessment
PE INTERNATIONAL AG
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70771 Leinfelden-Echterdingen Germany
Owner of the Declaration EXIBA - European Extruded Polystyrene Insulation Board Association
Avenue E. van Xxxxxxxxxxxx 0 0000 Xxxxxxxx
Belgium
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