GUIDELINES FOR SURVEILLANCE
食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施協定叢書（十三）
國際植物防疫檢疫措施標準第六號，一九九七年
GUIDELINES FOR SURVEILLANCE
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES
農委會動植物防疫檢疫局 印行
序
食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫(Sanitary and Phytosanitary，SPS)是國際間通行的重要措施，目的在避免或減少因農產品貿易流通而導致外來動植物疫病蟲害之入侵、立足或蔓延，及防範食品、飲料或飼料中之添加物、污染物等的潛在風險，以保護境內國民及動植物的生命或健康，及維護自然生態環境。
為避免 SPS 措施對國際農產品貿易造成限制性的影響，世界貿易組織(WTO)在商品貿易理事會下設有
「食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施委員會」，依據
「食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施協定」鼓勵會員採用包括國際食品標準委員會(Codex)、世界動物衛生組織(OIE)及國際植物保護公約(IPPC)等三個國際組織所制訂之國際標準、準則或建議，以達到調和措施減少非關稅貿易障礙之目標。
本局為使我國政府機關、相關機構、產學各界及全國的農友瞭解此一重要協定及相關國際規範，特規劃出版中文譯本之「食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施協定叢書」，繼九十年 十二月出版「食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施協定」及「國際植物保護公約」二單行本後，接續出版國際植物保護公約秘書處編定之「國際
植物防疫檢疫措施標準」系列（International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures，ISPM），期使相關人員充分認識植物防疫檢疫措施之國際標準，俾運用有利之協定條文及國際標準，維護國內之農業生產安全，並在與貿易對手國家諮商中保障我國應有的權益。
出版本叢書系列由本局同仁策劃編譯工作，並邀請國立台灣大學昆蟲系教授xxx及相關領域專家參與譯稿作業。舉凡名詞翻譯、xxxx、譯詞統一及語氣之流暢等，均係參與人員字斟句酌、集思廣益的成果，而叢書之設計與編印，亦蒙相關人員之辛勤付出，始得出版問世，在此一併致謝。
本局施政目標之一為建立符合國際規範之動植物防疫檢疫及農產品衛生安全之檢驗體系，本叢書之出版，期能增進與提昇相關工作之效能及水準，促進目標之達成。
農委會動植物防疫檢疫局 局長
Endorsement 8
Review and amendment 10
Distribution 12
SCOPE… 14
REFERENCES 14
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS… 16
OUTLINE OF REQUIREMENTS… 22
1. General Surveillance… 26
1.1 Sources… 26
1.2 Collection, storage and retrieval of information 26
1.3 Use of information… 28
2. Specific Surveys… 30
2.1 Pest surveys… 32
2.2 Commodity or host surveys… 36
2.3 Targeted and random sampling… 38
3. Good Surveillance Practice… 38
4. Technical Requirements for Diagnostic Services… 40
5. Record Keeping 42
6. Transparency 44
目 錄
批 准 9
審查及修訂 11
分 發 13
序言
範圍 15
參考文獻 15
定義及縮寫 17
要件綱要 23
要件
1. 一般監視 27
1.1 來源 27
1.2 資料之蒐集、保存及取得 27
1.3 資料的利用 29
2 特別調查 31
2.1 有害生物調查 33
2.2 商品或寄主的調查 37
2.3 標的與隨機取樣 39
3. 良好的監視作業 39
4. 診斷服務的技術需求 41
5. 紀錄的保管 43
6. 透明化 45
Endorsement
International standards for phytosanitary measures are prepared by the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention as part of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization’s global programme of policy and technical assistance in plant quarantine. This programme makes available to FAO Members and other interested parties these standards, guidelines and recommendations to achieve international harmonization of phytosanitary measures, with the aim to facilitate trade and avoid the use of unjustifiable measures as barriers to trade.
This standard was endorsed by the 29th Session of the FAO Conference in November 1997.
Xxxxxxx Xxxxx Director-General
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
批准
國際植物防疫檢疫措施標準為國際植物保護公約秘書處所編定，作為聯合國糧農組織的全球性植物防疫檢疫政策及技術援助計畫之一部分。該計畫提供糧農組織會員及其它有關團體這些標準、準則及建議，以達到植物防疫檢疫措施的國際性調和，俾促進貿易及避免採用無理措施作為貿易障礙。
本標準已於 1997 年 11 月由糧農組織大會第二十九屆會議批准。
Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
秘書長
聯合國糧農組織
Review and amendment
International standards for phytosanitary measures are subject to periodic review and amendment. The next review date for this standard is 2002, or such other date as may be agreed upon by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures.
Standards will be updated and republished as necessary. Standard holders should ensure that the current edition of this standard is being used.
審查及修訂
國際植物防疫檢疫措施標準接受定期審查和修訂。本標準下次審查日期為 2002 年，或經植物防疫檢疫措施委員會同意之其他日期。
本標準於必要時將再更新或再版。本標準之持有者應確定係使用標準的現行版本。
Distribution
International standards for phytosanitary measures are distributed by the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention to all FAO Members, plus the Executive/Technical Secretariats of the Regional Plant Protection Organizations:
- Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission
- Caribbean Plant Protection Commission
- Comité Regional de Sanidad Vegetal para el Cono Sur
- Comunidad Andina
- European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
- Inter-African Phytosanitary Council
- North American Plant Protection Organization
- Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria
- Pacific Plant Protection Organization.
分發
國際植物防疫檢疫措施標準由國際植物保護公約秘書處分發給糧農組織所有成員，及下列區域性植物保護組織的執行／技術秘書處：
－ 亞洲及太平洋區域植物保護委員會
－ 加勒比海區域植物保護委員會
－ 南錐體區域植物保護委員會
－ 安第斯共同體
－ 歐洲及地中海區域植物保護組織
－ 非洲植物檢疫理事會
－ 北美洲植物保護組織
－ 區域國際農業衛生組織
－ 太平洋植物保護組織
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
This standard describes the components of survey and monitoring systems for the purpose of pest detection and the supply of information for use in pest risk analyses, the establishment of pest free areas and, where appropriate, the preparation of pest lists.
REFERENCES
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, 1994. World Trade Organization, Geneva.
Bayer coding system, 1996. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, Paris.
Glossary of phytosanitary terms, 1997. ISPM Pub. No. 5, FAO, Rome.
International Plant Protection Convention, 1992. FAO, Rome.
Principles of plant quarantine as related to international trade, 1995. ISPM Pub. No. 1, FAO, Rome.
Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas, 1996. ISPM Pub. No. 4, FAO, Rome.
序言
範圍
本準則說明調查(Survey)和監測(Monitoring)系統的組成，俾利有害生物之偵察，並提供資料供有害生物風險分析、非疫區之建立及於適當時製備有害生物名單等。
參考文獻
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, 1994. World Trade Organization, Geneva.
Bayer coding system, 1996. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, Paris.
Glossary of phytosanitsary terms, 1997. ISPM Pub. No. 5, FAO, Rome.
International Plant Protection Convention, 1992. FAO, Rome. Principles of plant quarantine as related to international trade, 1995. ISPM Pub. No. 1, FAO, Rome.
Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas, 1996. ISPM Pub. No. 4, FAO, Rome.
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Are | a An officially defined country, part of a country or all orparts of several countries. |
Commodity | A type of plant, plant product or other regulated articlebeing moved for trade or other purpose. |
Commodity pest list | A list of pests occurring in an area which may be associatedwith a specific commodity. |
Delimiting survey | Survey conducted to establish the oundaries of an areaconsidered to be infested by or free from a pest. |
Detection survey | Survey conducted in an area to determine if pests arepresent. |
Host range | Species of plants capable, under natural conditions, of sustaining a specific pest. |
Host pest list | A list of pests that infest a plant species. |
定義及縮寫
地區 | 官方界定的一個國家的全部、一個國家的部分或數個國家之全部或部分。 |
商品 | 為貿易或其他用途而被運送之某種植物、植物產品或其他管制物品。 |
商品有害生物清單 | 發生在某一地區內而可能與某一特定商品有關的有害生物清單。 |
定界調查 | 建立一地區被視為是某一有害生物侵害或無此有害生物之界線而進行的調查。 |
偵察調查 | 為確定某一地區內是否存在有害生物而進行的調查。 |
寄主範圍 | 在自然條件下能維持某特定有害生物生存的植物種類。 |
寄主有害生物清單 | 侵染某一植物品種的有害生物名單。 |
IPPC | International Plant Protection Convention, as deposited in 1951 with FAO in Rome and as subsequently amended. |
Monitoring | An official ongoing process to verify phytosanitary situations. |
Monitoring survey | Ongoing survey to verify the characteristics of a pest population. |
National Plant Protection | Official service established by a government to discharge Organization (NPPO) the functions specified by the IPPC. |
Occurrence | The presence in an area of a pest officially reported to be indigenous or introduced and/or not officially reported to have been eradicated. |
Official | Established, authorized or performed by a National Plant Protection Organization. |
Pathway | Any means that allows the entry or spread of a pest. |
IPPC | 係指 1951 年存檔位於於xx的糧農組織及其後修正的國際植物保護公約。 |
監測 | 為查證植物防疫檢疫狀況所進行的官方程序。 |
監測調查 | 為查證一有害生物族群之特性所進行的調查。 |
國家植物保護機關 | 政府為執行國際植物保護公約規定的職責所設立的官方機關。 |
發生 | 官方報告為當地原產或係傳入且 ／或未有官方報告其已被撲滅之有害生物在一地區之存在。 |
官方的 | 由國家植物保護機關建立、授權或執行的。 |
途徑 | 任何可使有害生物進入或傳播的方式。 |
Pest | Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal, or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products. |
Pest free area | An area in which a specific pest does not occur as demonstrated by scientific evidence and in which, where appropriate, this condition is being officially maintained. |
Pest risk analysis | The process of evaluating biological or other scientific and economic evidence to determine whether a pest should be regulated and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken against it. |
Surveillance | An official process which collects and records data on pest occurrence or absence by survey, monitoring or other procedures. |
Survey | An official procedure conducted over a defined period of time to determine the characteristics of a pest population or to determine which pest species occur in an area. |
有害生物 | 任何對植物或植物產品有害的任何植物、動物或病原體之種、品系或生物型。 |
非疫區 | 經科學證據證明無某一特定有害生物發生，且此種狀況適當的由官方維持的地區。 |
有害生物風險分析 | 評價生物的或其他科學與經濟的證據，俾決定某一有害生物是否應予以管制及將為此採取的任何植物防疫檢疫措施之強度的過程。 |
監視 | 以調查、監測或其他程序來收集及記錄有害生物發生或不存在的數據之官方過程。 |
調查 | 在一地區內為確定某一有害生物族群之特性，或確定那一種有害生物發生，而在一定時 期內所採取的官方程序。 |
OUTLINE OF REQUIREMENTS
Under the international standard for phytosanitary measures: Principles of plant quarantine as related to international trade, countries are required to justify their phytosanitary measures on the basis of pest risk analysis. These principles also endorse the concept of “pest free areas”, a description of which is provided in the standard: Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas. These concepts are also referred to in the World Trade Organization’s “Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures”. The collecting and recording of pest information is fundamental to all these concepts. The implication is that National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPOs) should be in a position to validate declarations of the absence or limited distribution of quarantine pests.
要件綱要
在國際植物防疫檢疫措施標準之國際貿易有關的植物檢疫原則下，所有國家均須依據有害生物風險分析，來證明其植物檢疫措施是正當的。這些原則也為另一標準建立非疫區之要件中所敘述的有害生物“非疫區”的觀念背書。這些觀念亦參見世界貿易組織之“食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施協定 ”。有害生物資訊的蒐集和記錄是這些觀念的基礎。此意謂國家植物保護機關應本於職責確認有關檢疫有害生物不存在或侷限分布的聲明。
There are two major types of surveillance systems:
- general surveillance
- specific surveys.
General surveillance is a process whereby information on particular pests which are of concern for an area is gathered from many sources, wherever it is available and provided for use by the NPPO.
Specific surveys are procedures by which NPPOs obtain information on pests of concern on specific sites in an area over a defined period of time.
The verified information acquired may be used to determine the presence or distribution of pests in an area, or on a host or commodity, or their absence from an area (in the establishment and maintenance of pest free areas).
監視系統有兩大類別：
－一般監視
－特別調查
一般監視係指從可能的許多來源，蒐集某一地區所關切的特殊有害生物之資訊，並提供給國家植物保護機關利用的過程。
特別調查係指國家植物保護機關，對於一地區之幾個特定地點所關切的有害生物，在一段確定的時間內，獲得其有關資訊的步驟。
所得資料經確認後，可用來確定有害生物在某一地區內或在某一寄主或商品上之存在或分布，或不存在某一地區（用於非疫區的建立及維持）。
REQUIREMENTS
1. General Surveillance
1.1 Sources
Within countries there are many sources of pest information. These sources may include: NPPOs, other national and local government agencies, research institutions, universities, scientific societies (including amateur specialists), producers, consultants, museums, the general public, scientific and trade journals, unpublished data and contemporary observations. In addition, the NPPO may obtain information from international sources such as FAO, Regional Plant Protection Organizations (RPPOs), etc.
1.2 Collection, storage and retrieval of information
To utilize data from these sources, it is recommended that NPPOs develop a system whereby appropriate information on the particular pest(s) of concern is collected, verified and compiled.
Components of such a system should include:
- the NPPO or another institution designated by the NPPO acting as the national repository for plant pest records
要件
1. 一般監視
1.1 來源
在各國中有許多有害生物資料來源。這些來源可能包含：各國國家植物保護機關、其他中央的或地方政府機構、研究機構、大學、科學社團（包括業餘專家）、生產者、顧問、博物館、一般大眾、科學和貿易期刊、未發表資料及當代之觀察。此外，國家植物保護機關也可從國際資料來源，如聯合國糧農組織、區域性植物保護組織等取得資料。
1.2 資料之蒐集、保存及取得
為利用由這些來源取得的資料，建議各國的國家植物保護機關發展一套系統，俾對其所關切的特殊有害生物的適當資料加以蒐集、查證及彙整。
這個系統的組成應包含：
－國家植物保護機關或由國家植物保護機關指定作為植物有害生物紀錄的國家檔案庫的其他機構。
- a record keeping and retrieval system
- data verification procedures
- communication channels to transfer information from the sources to the NPPO.
Components of such a system may also include:
- incentives to report such as:
- legislative obligations (for the general public or specific agencies)
- cooperative agreements (between the NPPO and specific agencies)
- use of contact personnel to enhance communication channels to and from NPPOs
- public education/awareness programmes.
1.3 Use of information
Information gathered through such general surveillance will most often be used:
- to support NPPO declarations of pest freedom
- to aid early detection of new pests
－紀錄的保存和取得系統。
－資料查證程序。
－由資料來源處傳送資料到國家植物保護機關的聯絡管道。
這個系統的組成亦可包括：
－報告的動機，如：
－法律上的義務（對一般大眾或特定機關）
－合作協定（國家植物保護機關和特定機關之間）。
－藉聯絡人員來增進各國國家植物保護機關間來往的聯絡管道。
－大眾教育／覺知的方案。
1.3 資料的利用
由一般監視所獲得的資料，通常被用於：
－支持國家植物保護機關之非疫區宣告。
－協助及早偵測新的有害生物。
- for reporting to other organizations such as RPPOs and FAO
- in the compilation of host and commodity pest lists and distribution records.
2. Specific Surveys
Specific surveys may be detection, delimiting or monitoring surveys. These are official surveys and should follow a plan which is approved by the NPPO.
The survey plan should include:
- definition of the purpose (e.g. early detection, assurances for pest free areas, information for a commodity pest list) and the specification of the phytosanitary requirements to be met
- identification of the target pest(s)
- identification of scope (e.g. geographical area, production system, season)
- identification of timing (dates, frequency, duration)
- in the case of commodity pest lists, the target commodity
－對其他組織如區域性植物保護組織和聯合國糧農組織等提出報告。
－彙編植物寄主和商品有害生物名單及分布紀錄。
2. 特別調查
特別調查可以是偵察、定界或監測調查。這些都屬於官方的調查，且應該要遵照國家植物保護機關所通過的計畫來進行。
調查計畫應包括：
－目的之界定(早期偵察，有害生物非疫區的保證，商品有害生物名單之資料)及須符合之植物防疫檢疫要求的說明。
－標的有害生物的艦定。
－範圍（如地理區域，生產系統，季節）的認定。
－時機（日期，頻率，期間）的認定。
－就商品有害生物名單而言，其標的商品。
- indication of the statistical basis, (e.g. level of confidence, number of samples, selection and number of sites, frequency of sampling, assumptions)
- description of survey methodology and quality management including an explanation of:
- sampling procedures (e.g. attractant trapping, whole plant sampling, visual inspection, sample collection and laboratory analysis); the procedure would be determined by the biology of pest and/or purpose of survey
- diagnostic procedures
- reporting procedures.
2.1 Pest surveys
Surveys for specific pests will provide information to be used mainly:
- to support NPPO declarations of pest freedom but also:
- to aid early detection of new pests
- for reporting to other organizations such as RPPOs and FAO.
－統計學依據之指明（如信賴水準、樣本數、地點的選擇和數量、採樣頻率、假設）。
－調查方法與品質管理的說明，包括下面的說明：
－取樣步驟（如誘引劑捕捉、整株取樣、目視檢查、樣本採集、實驗室分析），這些步驟將由有害生物的生物學及／或調查的目的來確定。
－診斷的步驟
－報告的步驟
2.1 有害生物調查
對特定有害生物之調查主要在將提供資料用於：
－支持國家植物保護機關對非疫區的宣告。但亦可用於：
－協助早期偵察新的有害生物。
－向其他組織如區域性植物保護組織及聯合國糧農組織報告。
The selection of suitable survey sites may be determined by the:
- previously reported presence and distribution of the pest
- biology of the pest
- distribution of host plants of the pest and especially of their areas of commercial production
- climatic suitability of sites for the pest.
The timing of survey procedures may be determined by:
- the life cycle of the pest
- the phenology of the pest and its hosts
- the timing of pest management programmes
- whether the pest is best detected on crops in active growth or in the harvested crop.
For pests which are only likely to be present as a result of recent introduction, the selection of suitable survey sites may in addition relate, for example, to points of possible entry, possible pathways of spread, sites where imported commodities are marketed, and sites where imported commodities are used as planting material.
The selection of survey procedures may be determined by the type of sign or symptom by which the pest can be recognized, and by the accuracy or sensitivity of techniques used to test for the pest.
選擇適合的調查地點可由以下確定：
－以前有關有害生物存在及分布的報導。
－有害生物的生物學。
－有害生物之寄主分布，尤其是其商業生產地區。
－氣候上適合有害生物生存的地點。調查步驟之時機可由以下確定：
－有害生物的生活史。
－有害生物與其寄主的生物氣象學。
－有害生物管理計畫的時程。
－有害生物之偵察最好是在作物積極生長時期，或是在收穫後的作物上。
對於那些可能僅係最近傳入的有害生物，其適當調查點之選擇，尚可進一步關聯到如可能的進入點、可能的傳播途徑、進口商品銷售地點及進口商品用來當栽植材料的地點。
調查步驟的選擇，可由有害生物可辨識的病灶或病徵的型式，及由用來檢驗該有害生物的技術之正確性和敏感度來確定。
2.2 Commodity or host surveys
Specific commodity surveys can provide useful information for pest lists of commodities produced under specific cultural practices. Surveys could also be used for the preparation of host pest lists where data from general surveillance is lacking.
The selection of suitable survey sites may be determined by:
- geographical distribution of production areas and/or their size
- pest management programmes (commercial and non-commercial sites)
- cultivars present
- points of consolidation of the harvested commodity.
Survey procedures will be timed in relation to crop harvesting and will depend on the selection of a sampling technique appropriate to the type of harvested commodity.
2.2 商品或寄主的調查
特別的商品調查可以對特殊耕作方式所生產商品之有害生物名單提供有用的資訊。這些調查也可用於製備寄主有害生物名單，而該資料是一般監視所缺少者。
選擇適當的調查地點可由以下確定：
－生產地區之地理分布及／或其大小。
－有害生物管理計畫（商業的或非商業地點）。
－有栽培品種。
－收穫商品著生點。
調查步驟要配合作物收成的時間，同時也需視適合收穫商品型式的採樣技術之選擇而定。
2.3 Targeted and random sampling
Surveys should normally be designed to favour detection of specific pests concerned. However, the survey plan should also include some random sampling to detect unexpected events. It should be noted that if a quantitative indication of the prevalence of a pest in an area is required, the results from targeted surveys will be biased and may not provide an accurate assessment.
3. Good Surveillance Practice
Personnel involved in general surveillance should be adequately trained in appropriate fields of plant protection and data management. Personnel involved in surveys should be adequately trained, and where appropriate audited, in sampling methods, preservation and transportation of samples for identification and record keeping associated with samples.
Appropriate equipment and supplies should be used and maintained adequately. The methodology used should be technically valid.
2.3 標的與隨機取樣
調查之設計通常應有利於所關切的特定有害生物之偵察。然而，調查計畫中仍然應包括某種隨機取樣以便偵察意外的事件。應要注意的是，若需某一區域內有害生物盛行數量指標，則從標的調查獲得的結果將會有所偏差，可能無法提供正確的評估。
3. 良好的監視作業
參與一般監視之人員，應有植物保護與資料管理領域之適當訓練。參與特別調查人員，應有取樣方法、提供樣本鑑定時之保存和運送，及與樣品有關之紀錄保管之充分訓練，和適當之稽核。應使用適當的設備和補給品且需妥當維護。所使用的方法則須為技術上有效者。
4. Technical Requirements for Diagnostic Services
The NPPO should provide appropriate diagnostic services to support general surveillance and specific survey activities, or ensure access to such services. Characteristics of the diagnostic services include:
- expertise in disciplines relevant to pest (and host) identification
- adequate facilities and equipment
- access to specialists for verification where necessary
- facilities for record keeping
- facilities for processing and storing of voucher specimens
- use of standard operating procedures, where appropriate and available.
Verification of diagnoses by other recognized authorities will provide increased confidence in the survey results.
4. 診斷服務的技術需求
國家植物保護機關應提供適當的診斷服務，以支持一般監視和特別調查活動，或保證能得到這類服務。這類診斷服務之特色包括：
－具有關於有害生物（及寄主）鑑定相關訓練的專業技術。
－適當的設施及設備。
－必要時能夠得到專家之確認。
－紀錄保管之設施。
－處理與保存證明用標本的設施。
－若有且適當，則使用標準的作業程序。
其他公認之權威對診斷之確認將可增加調查結果的可信度。
5. Record Keeping
The NPPO should keep appropriate records derived from general surveillance and specific surveys. Information kept should be appropriate for the intended purpose, for example support of specific pest risk analyses, establishment of pest free areas and preparation of pest lists. Voucher specimens should be deposited, where appropriate.
Information in the records should include to the extent possible:
- scientific name of pest and Bayer code if available
- family/order
- scientific name of host and Bayer code if available, and plant part affected or means of collection (e.g. attractant trap, soil sample, sweep net)
- locality, e.g. location codes, addresses, coordinates
- date of collection and name of collector
- date of identification and name of identifier
- date of verification and name of verifier
5. 紀錄的保管
國家植物保護機關應保管得自一般監視和特別調查的適當紀錄。保管的資料應合乎原來的目的，如支持特定有害生物風險分析、建立有害生物非疫區及製備有害生物名單。適當時，證明用的標本應予交存。
紀錄中的資訊應儘可能包括下列：
－有害生物的科學名稱和，有的話，拜耳代碼。
－科／目。
－寄主的科學名稱和，有的話，拜耳代碼，和植物受害部分或採集方法（如誘引劑捕捉、土壤樣本、掃網）。
－地點，如位置代碼、地址、座標等。
－採集日期和採集者名字。
－鑑定日期和鑑定者名字。
－查驗日期和查驗者名字。
- references, if any
- additional information, e.g. nature of host relationship, infestation status, growth stage of plant affected, or found only in greenhouses.
Reports of pest occurrence on commodities need not be so specific on locality or verification, but should refer precisely to the exact type of commodity, the collector and the date, and if appropriate the means of collection.
Reports of new occurrences of pests should also include information on any measures taken, and such reports made available on request.
6. Transparency
The NPPO should on request, distribute reports of pest presence, distribution, or absence derived from general surveillance and specific surveys. Reports should be adequately referenced in relation to pest occurrences.
－若有的話，參考文獻。
－附加的資訊，如寄主關係之性質、為害狀況、受害植物的生長期，或是僅在溫室中發現等。
商品上有害生物發生的報告，其地點與查證不必如此明確，但須正確的說明商品的形式、採集者與採集日期，適當時，採集方法。
有害生物新發生的報告，亦應包括任何採行之措施的資料，且這類報告應要求時可以提供。
6.透明化
國家植物保護機關被要求時，應依據一般監視和特別調查所得資料，分發有關有害生物的存在、分布、或是不存在的報告。報告須適當的列出和有害生物發生有關的的參考文獻。
For further information on international standards, guidelines and recommendations concerning phytosanitary measures, and the complete list of current publications, please contact the:
Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention By mail: IPPC Secretariat
Plant Protection Service
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla
00100 Rome, Italy
Fax: + (39) (00) 00000000
Or visit our WEB site at:
xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx/XXXXXXX/XxxXxxx/Xxxxxxxx/XXX/XXXX/XX/Xx fault.htm
若需更多有關植物防疫檢疫措施之國際標準、準則及建議或現有刊物之全部目錄請洽下列單位：
國際植物保護公約秘書處信件寄往下列住址：
IPPC Secretariat
Plant Protection Service
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy
FAX: +(39)(00)00000000
Email: xxxx@xxx.xxx WEB site:
xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx/XXXXXXX/XxxXxxx/Xxxxxxxx/XXX/XXXX/ PQ/Default.htm
食品安全檢驗與動植物防疫檢疫措施協定叢書(十三)
國際植物防疫檢疫措施標準第六號（ISPM6）
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