理律法律事務所 L E E A N D L I ATTO RNE YS - AT- LAW

契約的撰擬與談判

xxx律師理律法律事務所

中華民國102年10月17日

目

錄

一、契約的基本概念

二、契約撰擬基本內容三、契約談判的共通重點

一、契約的基本概念-1

1.

法律有規定，為何還要訂契約？

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➢ 私法自治原則

➢ 契約自由原則

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一、契約的基本概念-2

一定要簽書面，契約才成立嗎？

➢ 民法§153

「當事人互相表示意思一致者，無論其為明示或默示，契約即為成立。

當事人對於必要之點，意思一致，而對於非必要之點，未經表示意思者，推定其契約為成立，關於該非必要之點，當事人意思不一致時，法院應依其事件之性質定之。」

一、契約的基本概念-3

➢ 例外：要式契約

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例如民法§422：期限逾一年之定期不動產租賃契約，應訂立書面契約。未訂立書面契約者，視為不定期租賃。

一、契約的基本概念-4

3. Agreement vs. Contract

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➢ Agreement

■ a broader term than contract

■ include promises without legal obligation

■ some authorities narrow it to mean only mutual assent

一、契約的基本概念-5

➢ Contract

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■ parties competent to contract

■ a proper subject matter

■ consideration

■ mutuality of agreement

■ mutuality of obligation

一、契約的基本概念-6

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4. Letter of Intent (LOI) vs. Contract Or

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) vs. Contract

➢ 不因其名稱為LOI, MOU或Contract而定其性質

➢ 仍視其約定內容是否已涉及契約之必要之點，及對雙方有無拘束力而定

一、契約的基本概念-7

5.

預約 VS. 本約

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➢ 預約

■ 僅係預為訂立本約之約定

■ 內容不涉及本約之必要內容，否則即為本約而非預約

■ 違反預約之救濟為請求訂立本約，而非直接請求本約內容之履行

一、契約的基本概念-8

6.

主契約VS. 從契約

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➢ 從契約係從屬於主契約，故如主契約已不存在，從契約即無所附麗

➢ 例如：抵押權契約

一、契約的基本概念-9

7.

你不可不知的契約專有名詞

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➢ Force Majeure

➢ Bona Fide

➢ Right of First Refusal

➢ Indemnity (Indemnification)

一、契約的基本概念-10

➢ Liquidated Damages

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➢ Back-to-back

➢ Condition Precedent

➢ Termination vs. Rescission (Cancellation)

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二、契約撰擬基本內容-1

1.

合約簽署人(Parties to the Contract)

e.g. "THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into on this [ ] day of [ ] 2011 by and between A & B…"

2. 前言(Preamble)

e.g. "Whereas,…"

3. 名詞定義(Definition)

e.g. "'Affiliates shall mean…."

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二、契約撰擬基本內容-2

4.

聲明與保證(Representation and

Warranties)

e.g. "Each Party represents and warrants to the other Party that:

Such Party is a company duly incorporated

and validly existing in all respects under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation"

二、契約撰擬基本內容-3

5.

合約欲達成目的[依個案而異]

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e.g. 合資契約通常包含以下約定

➢ 股權比例

➢ 管理權分配

➢ 股權轉讓限制

二、契約撰擬基本內容-4

6.

競業禁止(Non-competition)

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e.g. "Beginning on , no Party will engage in activities in Taiwan which in any manner compete with those of the Company as set forth above."

二、契約撰擬基本內容-5

7.

保密(Confidentiality)

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e.g. "Each Party shall keep in strict confidence all information, data and written materials of a confidential nature disclosed to such Party by the other Party and marked as

confidential at the time of such disclosure."

二、契約撰擬基本內容-6

8.

違約(Default)

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e.g. "The following events shall constitute an event of default of a Party:…“

"In case of occurrence of an event of default

as specified above, the non-defaulting Parties shall have the right to terminate this Agreement."

二、契約撰擬基本內容-7

9.

終止(Termination)

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e.g. "This Agreement shall continue in full force and effect from the date first written above until…"

二、契約撰擬基本內容-8

10. 補償(Indemnity)

e.g. "Either Party shall defend, indemnify, and

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hold harmless the other Party and their respective officers, directors, shareholders, employees, agents, independent contractors, representatives, and Affiliates from and against any loss, damage, liability, cost or expense, including attorneys' fees and disbursements, arising in connection with…"

二、契約撰擬基本內容-9

11. 不可抗力(Force Majeure)

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12. 準據法(Governing Law)

13. 管轄/仲裁(Jurisdiction/Arbitration)

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二、契約撰擬基本內容-10

14. 一般條款(Miscellaneous)

➢ Non-waiver

➢ Severability

➢ Non-assignment

➢ Survival

e.g. "The provisions of Articles xx, xx, xx, and xx shall survive expiration or termination of this Agreement for any reason."

二、契約撰擬基本內容-11

➢ No Partnership or Agency

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➢ No amendment Without Parties' Agreement

➢ Governing Language

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二、契約撰擬基本內容-12

➢ Entire Agreement

e.g. "This Agreement sets out the entire agreement and understanding between the Parties regarding the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all previous agreements, arrangements and understandings between the Parties regarding such matters, including without limitation that Memorandum of Understanding dated as of [Date] between the Parties, and that such Party is not entering into this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby in reliance upon any representation or warranty not expressly set out herein."

三、契約談判的共通重點-1

1.

準據法(Governing Law)

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➢ 當雙方當事人為不同國籍時，準據法應如何約定？

三、契約談判的共通重點-2

2.

管轄法院（Jurisdiction）

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➢ 當雙方當事人為不同國籍時，如何約定管轄法院？

■ (外國)判決在各該當事人國家效力之承認與執行問題

三、契約談判的共通重點-3

3.

仲裁條款（Arbitration）

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➢ 當雙方當事人為不同國籍時，仲裁條款應如何約定？

■ 仲裁地

■ 仲裁規則

■ (外國)仲裁判斷在各該當事人國家效力之承認與執行問題

三、契約談判的共通重點-4

4.

責任限額約款(Limited Liability)

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➢ 民法§222：故意或重大過失之責任，不得預先免除

■ 故意或重大過失之責任，可否事先予以限制？

三、契約談判的共通重點-5

5.

損害賠償預定額違約金 vs. 懲罰性違約

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x (Liquidated Damage vs. Penalty)

三、契約談判的共通重點-6

6.

合約準據版本(Governing Language)

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➢ 當雙方當事人為不同國籍時，將涉及以何語言之版本為準之問題

➢ 須注意翻譯之正確性

e.g. - "Any dispute arising out of this Agreement shall be settled by arbitration."

－錯譯為「任何本合約以外之爭議應以仲裁解決」

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理 律 法 律 事 務 所 L E E A N D L I ATTO RNE YS - AT- LAW

1.

3. Agreement vs. Contract

4. Letter of Intent (LOI) vs. Contract Or

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) vs. Contract

5.

6.

7.

1.

2. 前言(Preamble)

3. 名詞定義(Definition)

4.

Warranties)

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

11. 不可抗力(Force Majeure)

12. 準據法(Governing Law)

13. 管轄/仲裁(Jurisdiction/Arbitration)

14. 一般條款(Miscellaneous)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Q&A

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理律法律事務所 L E E A N D L I ATTO RNE YS - AT- LAW