Term/Approval/Amendments 15.1. This Agreement shall become effective with respect to a Fund as of the date of commencement of operations of the Fund if approved by (i) the Board, including a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of such party (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval (or in another manner permitted by the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom); and (ii) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund (to the extent required under the 1940 Act). It shall continue in effect with respect to the Fund for an initial period of two years thereafter, and may be renewed annually thereafter only so long as such renewal and continuance is specifically approved as required by the 1940 Act (currently, at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund and only if the terms and the renewal hereof have been approved by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, or in another manner permitted by the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom).