Citizen Science Clause Samples
Citizen Science. Citizen Science (CS) has long been recognised as an inexpensive way of gathering large amount of environmental data in many locations, potentially also at high frequency. Studies have evaluated how this data can be used complementarily in environmental research and agency monitoring (▇▇▇▇- ▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2017; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2017) as well as for achieving specific monitoring and assessment goals e.g. the United Nations sustainable development goal SDG 6.3.2 (▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2020a; ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al. 2020b). In this chapter we review the challenges and benefits of using CS data for monitoring of water quality in general, and specifically related to those water quality parameters considered the greatest relevance to the calibration and validation of EO products i.e. chlorophyll-a, algal blooms, water colour, dissolved organic carbon and water clarity / turbidity. We also review CS data on nutrients which are highly complementary to satellite EO data on water quality, particularly as a driver of chlorophyll-a and cyanobacterial blooms. Where available, we sought any CS data explicitly gathered in relation to water quality monitoring by satellite Earth Observation (EO). The chapter includes a data review of existing CS schemes and projects used in monitoring of the key EO-sensed water quality parameters listed above. This review of existing schemes is used to identify potential sources of data for calibration and validation of EO water quality monitoring services, or potentially schemes that could be encouraged to collect data to support development of EO water quality products. This overview of challenges, benefits and data availability concludes with final recommendations related to the use of CS data to validate, calibrate and complement EO services for water quality monitoring. An initial literature review was carried out using Web of Science (WoS Advanced Search) with the following scope: English language, all documents, Dates: 1970-2021, all collections. The search string was for titles (TS) with the following terms: TS = (“citizen Science” or “community science” or “volunteer monitoring” or “crowd-source” or “public engagement”) AND TS = (nutrients or turbidity or “water clarity” or DOC or Chlorophyll-a or chlorophyll-a or cyanobacteria or “trophic state index” or “surface reflectance” or DOC or CDOM or “optical properties” or “suspended sediments”) The number of relevant papers identified in the WoS search (dated 21/07/2021) are summarised in Error! Ref...
Citizen Science. The citizen science monitoring programme is aimed at making the information obtained by volunteers in the multiple activities on beaches and shallow bottoms carried out along the Spanish coasts more valuable and making it useful in management by incorporating it, as additional data, into the monitoring of marine strategies. Finally, in order to address the monitoring of marine litter in biota, the INDICIT project was launched in February 2017, with funding from the European Commission, with special emphasis on sea turtles as indicators. Once the project has been completed, taking into account its recommendations in relation to indicators of ingestion and entanglement, work is underway to develop a standardised methodology with the Autonomous Regions, as the data will come from the stranding network. The current program of measures of the Marine Strategies includes 31 measures on Marine Litter, which address land and sea sources, removal of litter from the sea and awareness-raising. These measures have different responsible administrations, depending on the distribution of powers. Among the measures implemented by this Directorate-General are: It is an initiative of the DGCM in collaboration with the Zero Discharges Association within the framework of the LIFE INTEMARES project (MITECO Biodiversity Foundation) whose main objective is to promote the effective management of the marine areas of the Natura 2000 Network with the participation of the sectors involved. To this end, general criteria for passive fishing of garbage are proposed and a national database on waste unintentionally caught in such activities is developed. This measure has been put into practice together with the fishermen of Fuengirola and Camariñas to assess its effectiveness.
Citizen Science. Amber/John Carmichael
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Citizen Science. We need your email address and username to enable you to use our app and to ensure that you can always identify yourself as the person using the app (Art. 6 (1b) GDPR).
Citizen Science. All First-Year students are required to complete this program. Through 10.5 days of intensive study during January intersession, students develop a core understanding of both the conduct and the content of science. This foundation allows them as citizens to grapple with the ever-increasing number of national and global issues influenced by science.