Common use of Description of Goniometer Clause in Contracts

Description of Goniometer. A goniometer as defined in paragraph 2.4. of this Regulation, which can be used in making retro-reflection measurements in the CIE geometry is illustrated in Figure A4-V. In this illustration, the photometer head (O) is arbitrarily shown to be vertically above the source (I). The first axis is shown to be fixed and horizontal and is situated perpendicular to the observation half-plane. Any arrangement of the components which is equivalent to the one shown can be used. Figure A4-I Figure A4-I shows the CIE angular system for specifying and measuring retro-reflective device and marking materials. The first axis is perpendicular to the plane containing the observation axis and the illumination axis. The second axis is perpendicular both to the first axis and to the reference axis. Figure A4-II 1: First Axis I: Illumination Axis α: Observation angle 2: Second Axis O: Observation Axis ß1, ß2: Entrance angles R: Reference Axis ε: Rotation angle P: Retro-reflective material Figure A4-II represents a Goniometer mechanism embodying the CIE angular system for specifying and measuring retro-reflective device and marking materials. All axes, angles, and directions of rotation are shown positive. Notes: (a) The principle fixed axis is the illumination axis; (b) The first axis is fixed perpendicular to the plane containing the observation and illumination axis; (c) The reference axis is fixed in the retro-reflective device and moveable with ß1 and ß2. Figure A4-III Figure A4-IV For the purpose of this Regulation, the following limits are set up: 10' 10' 80' Figure A4-V Elevation Symbols and units A = Area of the illuminating surface of the retro-reflective device (cm2) C = Centre of reference NC = Axis of reference Rr = Receiver, observer or measuring device Cr = Centre of receiver Ør = Diameter of receiver Rr if circular (cm) Se = Source of illumination Cs = Centre of source of illumination Øs = Diameter of source of illumination (cm) De = Distance from centre Cs to centre C (m) D’e = Distance from centre Cr to centre C (m) Note: In general, De and D’e are very nearly the same and under normal conditions of observation it may be assumed that De = D’e. D = Observation distance from and from beyond which the illuminating surface appears to be continuous  = Angle of divergence β = Illumination angle. With respect to the line CsC which is always considered to be horizontal, this angle is prefixed by the signs – (left), + (right), + (up) or – (down), according to the position of the source Se in relation to the axis NC, as seen when looking towards the retro-reflective device. For any direction defined by two angles, vertical and horizontal, the vertical angle is always given first. Γ = Angular diameter of the measuring device Rr as seen from point C δ = Angular diameter of the source Se as seen from point C ε = Angle of rotation. This angle is positive when the rotation is clockwise as seen when looking towards the illuminating surface. If the retro-reflective device is marked “TOP”, the position thus indicated is taken as the origin. E = Illumination of the retro-reflective device (lux) CIL = Coefficient of luminous intensity (millicandelas/lux) Angles are expressed in degrees and minutes. 1. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Class IA or IB 1.1. The shape of the illuminating surfaces must be simple, and not easily confused at normal observation distances, with a letter, a digit or a triangle. 1.2. The preceding paragraph 1.1. notwithstanding, a shape resembling the letters or digits of simple form O, I, U or 8 is permissible. 2. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB (see appendix to this annex) 2.1. The illuminating surfaces of retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB must have the shape or an equilateral triangle. If the word “TOP” is inscribed in one corner, the apex of that corner must be directed upwards. 2.2. The illuminating surface may or may not have at its centre a triangular, non-retro-reflecting area, with sides parallel to those of the outer triangle. 2.3. The illuminating surface may or may not be continuous. In any case, the shortest distance between two adjacent retro-reflecting optical units must not exceed 15 mm. 2.4. The illuminating surface of a retro-reflective device shall be considered to be continuous if the edges of the illuminating surfaces of adjacent separate optical units are parallel and if the said optical units are evenly distributed over the whole solid surface of the triangle. 2.5. If the illuminated surface is not continuous, the number of separate retro-reflecting optical units including the corner units shall not be less than four on each side of the triangle. 2.5.1. The separate retro-reflecting optical units shall not be replaceable unless they consist of approved retro-reflective devices in Class IA. 2.6. The outside edges of the illuminating surfaces of triangular retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB shall be between 150 and 200 mm long. In the case of devices of hollow-triangle type, the width of the sides, measured at right angles to the latter, shall be equal to at least 20 per cent of the effective length between the extremities of the illuminating surface. 3. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Class IVA 3.1. The shape of the light emitting surfaces must be simple and not easily confused at normal observation distances with a letter, a digit or a triangle. However, a shape resembling the letters and digits of simple form, O, I, U and 8 is permissible. 3.2. The light emitting surface of the retro-reflective device must be at least 25 cm2. 3.3. Compliance with the above specifications shall be verified by visual inspection. Figure A5-I Note: These sketches are for illustration purposes only. 4. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective side and rear marking with strips

Description of Goniometer. A goniometer as defined in paragraph 2.42.4 2.3. of this Regulation, which can be used in making retro-reflection measurements in the CIE geometry is illustrated in Figure A4-V. V A4-II. In this illustration, the photometer head (O) is arbitrarily shown to be vertically above the source (I). The first axis is shown to be fixed and horizontal and is situated perpendicular to the observation half-plane. Any arrangement of the components which is equivalent to the one shown can be used. Figure A4-I Figure A4-I shows the CIE angular system for specifying and measuring retro-reflective device and marking materials. The first axis is perpendicular to the plane containing the observation axis and the illumination axis. The second axis is perpendicular both to the first axis and to the reference axis. Figure A4-II 1: First Axis I: Illumination Axis α: Observation angle 2: Second Axis O: Observation Axis ß1, ß2: Entrance angles R: Reference Axis ε: Rotation angle P: Retro-reflective material Figure A4-II represents a Goniometer mechanism embodying the CIE angular system for specifying and measuring retro-reflective device and marking materials. All axes, angles, and directions of rotation are shown positive. Notes: (a) The principle fixed axis is the illumination axis; (b) The first axis is fixed perpendicular to the plane containing the observation and illumination axis; (c) The reference axis is fixed in the retro-reflective device and moveable with ß1 and ß2. Figure A4-III Figure A4-IV For the purpose of this Regulation, the following limits are set up: 10' 10' 80' Figure A4-V Elevation Symbols and units A = Area of the illuminating surface of the retro-reflective device (cm2) C = Centre of reference NC = Axis of reference Rr = Receiver, observer or measuring device Cr = Centre of receiver Ør = Diameter of receiver Rr if circular (cm) Se = Source of illumination Cs = Centre of source of illumination Øs = Diameter of source of illumination (cm) De = Distance from centre Cs to centre C (m) D’e = Distance from centre Cr to centre C (m) Note: In general, De and D’e are very nearly the same and under normal conditions of observation it may be assumed that De = D’e. D = Observation distance from and from beyond which the illuminating surface appears to be continuous  = Angle of divergence β = Illumination angle. With respect to the line CsC which is always considered to be horizontal, this angle is prefixed by the signs – (left), + (right), + (up) or – (down), according to the position of the source Se in relation to the axis NC, as seen when looking towards the retro-reflective device. For any direction defined by two angles, vertical and horizontal, the vertical angle is always given first. Γ = Angular diameter of the measuring device Rr as seen from point C δ = Angular diameter of the source Se as seen from point C ε = Angle of rotation. This angle is positive when the rotation is clockwise as seen when looking towards the illuminating surface. If the retro-reflective device is marked “TOP”, the position thus indicated is taken as the origin. E = Illumination of the retro-reflective device (lux) CIL = Coefficient of luminous intensity (millicandelas/lux) Angles are expressed in degrees and minutes. 1. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Class IA or IB 1.1. The shape of the illuminating surfaces must be simple, and not easily confused at normal observation distances, with a letter, a digit or a triangle. 1.2. The preceding paragraph 1.1. notwithstanding, a shape resembling the letters or digits of simple form O, I, U or 8 is permissible. 2. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB (see appendix to this annex) 2.1. The illuminating surfaces of retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB must have the shape or an equilateral triangle. If the word “TOP” is inscribed in one corner, the apex of that corner must be directed upwards. 2.2. The illuminating surface may or may not have at its centre a triangular, non-retro-reflecting area, with sides parallel to those of the outer triangle. 2.3. The illuminating surface may or may not be continuous. In any case, the shortest distance between two adjacent retro-reflecting optical units must not exceed 15 mm. 2.4. The illuminating surface of a retro-reflective device shall be considered to be continuous if the edges of the illuminating surfaces of adjacent separate optical units are parallel and if the said optical units are evenly distributed over the whole solid surface of the triangle. 2.5. If the illuminated surface is not continuous, the number of separate retro-reflecting optical units including the corner units shall not be less than four on each side of the triangle. 2.5.1. The separate retro-reflecting optical units shall not be replaceable unless they consist of approved retro-reflective devices in Class IA. 2.6. The outside edges of the illuminating surfaces of triangular retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB shall be between 150 and 200 mm long. In the case of devices of hollow-triangle type, the width of the sides, measured at right angles to the latter, shall be equal to at least 20 per cent of the effective length between the extremities of the illuminating surface. 3. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Class IVA 3.1. The shape of the light emitting surfaces must be simple and not easily confused at normal observation distances with a letter, a digit or a triangle. However, a shape resembling the letters and digits of simple form, O, I, U and 8 is permissible. 3.2. The light emitting surface of the retro-reflective device must be at least 25 cm2. 3.3. Compliance with the above specifications shall be verified by visual inspection. Figure A5-I Note: These sketches are for illustration purposes only. 4. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective side and rear marking with strips

Description of Goniometer. A goniometer as defined in paragraph 2.4. of this Regulation, which can be used in making retro-reflection measurements in the CIE geometry is illustrated in Figure A4-V. In this illustration, the photometer head (O) is arbitrarily shown to be vertically above the source (I). The first axis is shown to be fixed and horizontal and is situated perpendicular to the observation half-half- plane. Any arrangement of the components which is equivalent to the one shown can be used. Figure A4-I Figure A4-I shows the CIE angular system for specifying and measuring retro-retro- reflective device and marking materials. The first axis is perpendicular to the plane containing the observation axis and the illumination axis. The second axis is perpendicular both to the first axis and to the reference axis. Figure A4-II 1: First Axis I: Illumination Axis α: Observation angle 2: Second Axis O: Observation Axis ß1, ß2: Entrance angles R: Reference Axis ε: Rotation angle P: Retro-reflective material Figure A4-II represents a Goniometer mechanism embodying the CIE angular system for specifying and measuring retro-reflective device and marking materials. All axes, angles, and directions of rotation are shown positive. Notes:. (a) The principle fixed axis is the illumination axis; (b) The first axis is fixed perpendicular to the plane containing the observation and illumination axis; (c) The reference axis is fixed in the retro-reflective device and moveable with ß1 and ß2. Figure A4-III Figure A4-IV For the purpose of this Regulation, the following limits are set up: 10δ ≤ 10' 10γ ≤ 10' 80η ≤ 80' Figure A4-V Elevation Symbols and units A = Area of the illuminating surface of the retro-reflective device (cm2) C = Centre of reference NC = Axis of reference Rr = Receiver, observer or measuring device Cr = Centre of receiver Ør = Diameter of receiver Rr if circular (cm) Se = Source of illumination Cs = Centre of source of illumination Øs = Diameter of source of illumination (cm) De = Distance from centre Cs to centre C (m) D’e = Distance from centre Cr to centre C (m) Note: In general, De and D’e are very nearly the same and under normal conditions of observation it may be assumed that De = D’e. D = Observation distance from and from beyond which the illuminating surface appears to be continuous  α = Angle of divergence β = Illumination angle. With respect to the line CsC which is always considered to be horizontal, this angle is prefixed by the signs – (left), + (right), + (up) or – (down), according to the position of the source Se in relation to the axis NC, as seen when looking towards the retro-reflective device. For any Elevation Symbols and units 54 direction defined by two angles, vertical and horizontal, the vertical angle is always given first. Γ = Angular diameter of the measuring device Rr as seen from point C δ = Angular diameter of the source Se as seen from point C ε = Angle of rotation. This angle is positive when the rotation is clockwise as seen when looking towards the illuminating surface. If the retro-reflective device is marked “TOP”, the position thus indicated is taken as the origin. E = Illumination of the retro-reflective device (lux) CIL = Coefficient of luminous intensity (millicandelas/lux) Angles are expressed in degrees and minutes. 1. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Class IA or IB 1.1. The shape of the illuminating surfaces must be simple, and not easily confused at normal observation distances, with a letter, a digit or a triangle. 1.2. The preceding paragraph 1.1. notwithstanding, a shape resembling the letters or digits of simple form O, I, U or 8 is permissible. 2. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB (see appendix to this annex) 2.1. The illuminating surfaces of retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB must have the shape or an equilateral triangle. If the word “TOP” is inscribed in one corner, the apex of that corner must be directed upwards. 2.2. The illuminating surface may or may not have at its centre a triangular, non-non- retro-reflecting area, with sides parallel to those of the outer triangle. 2.3. The illuminating surface may or may not be continuous. In any case, the shortest distance between two adjacent retro-reflecting optical units must not exceed 15 mm. 2.4. The illuminating surface of a retro-reflective device shall be considered to be continuous if the edges of the illuminating surfaces of adjacent separate optical units are parallel and if the said optical units are evenly distributed over the whole solid surface of the triangle. 2.5. If the illuminated surface is not continuous, the number of separate retro-retro- reflecting optical units including the corner units shall not be less than four on each side of the triangle. 2.5.1. The separate retro-reflecting optical units shall not be replaceable unless they consist of approved retro-reflective devices in Class IA. 2.6. The outside edges of the illuminating surfaces of triangular retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB shall be between 150 and 200 mm long. In the case of devices of hollow-triangle type, the width of the sides, measured at right angles to the latter, shall be equal to at least 20 per cent of the effective length between the extremities of the illuminating surface. 3. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Class IVA 3.1. The shape of the light emitting surfaces must be simple and not easily confused at normal observation distances with a letter, a digit or a triangle. However, a shape resembling the letters and digits of simple form, O, I, U and 8 is permissible. 3.2. The light emitting surface of the retro-reflective device must be at least 25 cm2. 3.3. Compliance with the above specifications shall be verified by visual inspection. Figure A5-I Note: These sketches are for illustration purposes only.A A B A C 150 mm ≤ A ≤ 200 mm B ≥ C ≤ 15 mm 4. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective side and rear marking with strips

Description of Goniometer. A goniometer as defined in paragraph 2.4. of this Regulation, which can be used in making retro-reflection measurements in the CIE geometry is illustrated in Figure A4-V. In this illustration, the photometer head (O) is arbitrarily shown to be vertically above the source (I). The first axis is shown to be fixed and horizontal and is situated perpendicular to the observation half-half- plane. Any arrangement of the components which is equivalent to the one shown can be used. Figure A4-I Figure A4-I shows the CIE angular system for specifying and measuring retro-retro- reflective device and marking materials. The first axis is perpendicular to the plane containing the observation axis and the illumination axis. The second axis is perpendicular both to the first axis and to the reference axis. Figure A4-II 1: First Axis I: Illumination Axis α: Observation angle 2: Second Axis O: Observation Axis ß1, ß2: Entrance angles R: Reference Axis ε: Rotation angle P: Retro-reflective material Figure A4-II represents a Goniometer mechanism embodying the CIE angular system for specifying and measuring retro-reflective device and marking materials. All axes, angles, and directions of rotation are shown positive. Notes:. (a) The principle fixed axis is the illumination axis; (b) The first axis is fixed perpendicular to the plane containing the observation and illumination axis; (c) The reference axis is fixed in the retro-reflective device and moveable with ß1 and ß2. Figure A4-III Figure A4-IV For the purpose of this Regulation, the following limits are set up: 10' 10' 80' Figure A4-V Elevation Symbols and units A = Area of the illuminating surface of the retro-reflective device (cm2) C = Centre of reference NC = Axis of reference Rr = Receiver, observer or measuring device Cr = Centre of receiver Ør = Diameter of receiver Rr if circular (cm) Se = Source of illumination Cs = Centre of source of illumination Øs = Diameter of source of illumination (cm) De = Distance from centre Cs to centre C (m) D’e = Distance from centre Cr to centre C (m) Note: In general, De and D’e are very nearly the same and under normal conditions of observation it may be assumed that De = D’e. D = Observation distance from and from beyond which the illuminating surface appears to be continuous  = Angle of divergence β = Illumination angle. With respect to the line CsC which is always considered to be horizontal, this angle is prefixed by the signs – (left), + (right), + (up) or – (down), according to the position of the source Se in relation to the axis NC, as seen when looking towards the retro-reflective device. For any direction defined by two angles, vertical and horizontal, the vertical angle is always given first. Γ = Angular diameter of the measuring device Rr as seen from point C δ = Angular diameter of the source Se as seen from point C ε = Angle of rotation. This angle is positive when the rotation is clockwise as seen when looking towards the illuminating surface. If the retro-reflective device is marked “TOP”, the position thus indicated is taken as the origin. E = Illumination of the retro-reflective device (lux) CIL = Coefficient of luminous intensity (millicandelas/lux) Angles are expressed in degrees and minutes. 1. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Class IA or IB 1.1. The shape of the illuminating surfaces must be simple, and not easily confused at normal observation distances, with a letter, a digit or a triangle. 1.2. The preceding paragraph 1.1. notwithstanding, a shape resembling the letters or digits of simple form O, I, U or 8 is permissible. 2. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB (see appendix to this annex) 2.1. The illuminating surfaces of retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB must have the shape or an equilateral triangle. If the word “TOP” is inscribed in one corner, the apex of that corner must be directed upwards. 2.2. The illuminating surface may or may not have at its centre a triangular, non-retro-reflecting area, with sides parallel to those of the outer triangle. 2.3. The illuminating surface may or may not be continuous. In any case, the shortest distance between two adjacent retro-reflecting optical units must not exceed 15 mm. 2.4. The illuminating surface of a retro-reflective device shall be considered to be continuous if the edges of the illuminating surfaces of adjacent separate optical units are parallel and if the said optical units are evenly distributed over the whole solid surface of the triangle. 2.5. If the illuminated surface is not continuous, the number of separate retro-reflecting optical units including the corner units shall not be less than four on each side of the triangle. 2.5.1. The separate retro-reflecting optical units shall not be replaceable unless they consist of approved retro-reflective devices in Class IA. 2.6. The outside edges of the illuminating surfaces of triangular retro-reflective devices in Classes IIIA and IIIB shall be between 150 and 200 mm long. In the case of devices of hollow-triangle type, the width of the sides, measured at right angles to the latter, shall be equal to at least 20 per cent of the effective length between the extremities of the illuminating surface. 3. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective devices in Class IVA 3.1. The shape of the light emitting surfaces must be simple and not easily confused at normal observation distances with a letter, a digit or a triangle. However, a shape resembling the letters and digits of simple form, O, I, U and 8 is permissible. 3.2. The light emitting surface of the retro-reflective device must be at least 25 cm2. 3.3. Compliance with the above specifications shall be verified by visual inspection. Figure A5-I Note: These sketches are for illustration purposes only. 4. Shape and dimensions of retro-reflective side and rear marking with strips: