Effect of polydispersity Sample Clauses

Effect of polydispersity. According to the EU definition, to identify nanomaterials, particle size distribution based on the number concentration is proposed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is primarily used to determine such a distribution, but it requires more reliability on counting a large number of particles for example with poly-modal or broad size- distribution. Therefore, use of VSSA as a screening method for known materials would be of benefit.  Mono-modal particle size distribution If the particle-number-size distribution is known, it is possible to calculate the diameter or the smallest characteristic size of the particles (i.e. diameter of fibers or thickness of platelets) corresponding to the 50% number concentration when the distribution is of the normal or lognormal type. For a normal distribution characterized by the parameters (the median µ and the variance σ²), the 50% number concentration corresponds to the median µ expressed in nm. For a lognormal distribution, characterized by the parameters µ and σ², the 50% number concentration corresponds to the median “exp (µ)” where µ is expressed in nm. For any other type of distribution, the 50% number concentration corresponds to the median that can be calculated from experimental data by using an appropriate statistical program. If the median of the distribution based on the number concentration corresponds to a characteristic size less than or equal to 100 nm, then the sample is considered as a nanomaterial according to the EU definition. If the median of the distribution is larger than 100 nm, and less than 50% of the particles are in the 1-100 nm range, consequently, the sample is not a nanomaterial according to the EU definition. The question is: “how would the VSSA concept, apply to polydisperse non-spherical particle size distributions?” In other words will the criterion based on the number particle size distribution and the criterion based on the VSSA concept be compatible to identify nano-materials? It is interesting to link both approaches by developing models to calculate VSSA starting from the particle size distribution. This theoretical modelling approach is presented hereafter. As a result of the discussion on the effect of the particle shape, it is indeed possible to consider that the VSSA value, for a mono-dispersed particle size distribution, can be, whatever its shape, expressed as: VSSA = a. f(D) = a/D D is the characteristic size of the particles and “a” is a positive numerical constant 700 ...
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