Common use of Foam Types & Volumes Clause in Contracts

Foam Types & Volumes. In California insulation foams occur in a wide range of building products. For example, they occur as the core material of panels in cold stores or refrigerated warehouses, or as the primary insulation materials contained within brickwork or steel, or spray- applied in retrofit internal and external insulation. The use of these foams began in the 1960s and became commonplace in the 1970s and 1980s, largely in response to the energy crises of that period. A variety of foam types are used in building insulation, including Polyisocyanurate, and Extruded Polystyrene board stock, Polyurethane Panels, and Polyurethane Spray Foam. The relative market shares of these foams in California building insulation have altered over the years, driven by building code changes as well as wider supply, demand and cost factors. The figure below shows a Caleb estimate of the average percent share of total insulation foam consumption for the period 1960 to 2009 for new building and refurbishment efforts in California: Figure 3-3 CALIFORNIA FOAM CONSUMPTION - BY TYPE (1960-2009) % Foam Consumption in California - by Type (1960 - 2009) 10% 6% 29% XPS Polyiso PU Panel Pu Spray 55% Board stock is prominently used in roof and wall insulation in commercial buildings. Sandwich panels, where the foam is sandwiched between facing materials such as steel and aluminum, are used for insulating cold stores, cold rooms and doors. Spray foams are made at the point of use and are literally sprayed into place. They are highly suitable for the insulation of uneven or inaccessible surfaces and are used in pipe work and roof spaces. Increasingly, companies are using pentane --a hydrocarbon-- as an alternative blowing agent for both board stock and sandwich panels. Pentane has a relatively low GWP value of 17, and hydrocarbon foam blowing agents typically have GWP values of 25 or less, a GWP reduction of 98 percent compared to common HFC foam blowing agents. In order to determine the flow of total foam through the Building Stock in any given year, Xxxxx calculated the foam content (in m3) in the existing stock (Foam in Buildings). By adding the volume of new foams and refurbishment foams and then subtracting the decommissioned foam, Xxxxx could estimate a revised volume for the total foam banked in buildings for the following year (Revised Foam in Buildings). In the table below the calculation shows the volume change between 2007 and 2008. Table 3-4 2008 - CALEB ESTIMATES OF FOAM VOLUME IN BUILDINGS (m3) Building Use Foam in Buildings New Foam Refurbishment Foam Decommissioned Foam Foam in Buildings - Revised Single Family Homes 9,802,172 513,816 20,982 162,726 10,499,696 Multi Family Homes 12,763,393 905,673 23,240 161,976 13,854,282 Commercial 12,338,548 985,537 30,488 120,298 13,474,871 Total 34,904,113 2,405,026 74,710 445,000 37,828,849 Caleb estimates that, in 2008, the proportion of California newly built and refurbished buildings that use insulation foam ranges from around 16% for Multi-Family Homes to 78% for Structural Cold Stores. This proportion has grown substantially in the last few decades and will continue to grow as energy codes are strengthened.

Foam Types & Volumes. In California insulation foams occur in a wide range of building products. For example, they occur as the core material of panels in cold stores or refrigerated warehouses, or as the primary insulation materials contained within brickwork or steel, or spray- applied in retrofit internal and external insulation. The use of these foams began in the 1960s and became commonplace in the 1970s and 1980s, largely in response to the energy crises crisis of that period. A variety of foam types are used in building insulation, including Polyisocyanurate, and & Extruded Polystyrene board stock, Polyurethane Panels, Panels and Polyurethane Spray Foam. The relative market shares of these foams in California building insulation have altered over the years, driven by building code changes as well as wider supply, demand and cost factors. The figure below shows a Caleb estimate of the average percent share of total insulation foam consumption for the period 1960 to 2009 for new building and refurbishment efforts in CaliforniaCalifornia:- 15 2001 California Non-Residential Energy Standards, Task 1 Report: Measure Identification of Analysis Plan; California Energy Commission; 2000 16 Survey on actual service lives for North American buildings; X. X’Xxxxxx, Forintek Canada Corp. ; 2004 Figure 3-3 CALIFORNIA FOAM CONSUMPTION - BY TYPE 3California Consumption by Type of Foam (1960-2009) % Foam Consumption in California - by Type (1960 - 2009) 10% 6% 29% XPS Polyiso PU Panel Pu Spray 55% Board stock is prominently used in roof and wall insulation in commercial buildings. Sandwich panels, where the foam is sandwiched between facing materials such as steel and aluminum, are used for insulating cold stores, cold rooms and doors. Spray foams are made at the point of use and are literally sprayed into place. They are highly suitable for the insulation of uneven or inaccessible surfaces and are used in pipe work and roof spaces. Increasingly, companies are using pentane --a hydrocarbon-- as an alternative blowing agent for both board stock and sandwich panels. Pentane has a relatively low GWP value of 17, and hydrocarbon foam blowing agents typically have GWP values of 25 or less, a GWP reduction of 98 percent compared to common HFC foam blowing agents. In order to determine the flow of total foam through the Building Stock in any given year, Xxxxx calculated the foam content (in m3) in the existing stock (Foam in Buildings). By adding the volume of new foams and refurbishment foams and then subtracting the decommissioned foam, Xxxxx could estimate a revised volume for the total foam banked in buildings for the following year (Revised Foam in Buildings). In the table below the calculation shows the volume change between 2007 and 2008. Table 3-4 5 2008 - CALEB ESTIMATES OF FOAM VOLUME IN BUILDINGS (m3) Building Use Foam in Buildings New Foam Refurbishment Foam Decommissioned Foam Foam in Buildings - Revised Single Family Homes 9,802,172 513,816 20,982 162,726 10,499,696 Multi Family Homes 12,763,393 905,673 23,240 161,976 13,854,282 Commercial 12,338,548 985,537 30,488 120,298 13,474,871 Total 34,904,113 2,405,026 74,710 445,000 37,828,849 Caleb estimates that, in 2008, the proportion of California newly built and refurbished buildings that use insulation foam ranges from around 16% for Multi-Family Homes to 78% for Structural Cold Stores. This proportion has grown substantially in the last few decades and will continue to grow as energy codes are strengthened.

Foam Types & Volumes. In California insulation foams occur in a wide range of building products. For example, they occur as the core material of panels in cold stores or refrigerated warehouses, or as the primary insulation materials contained within brickwork or steel, or spray- applied in retrofit internal and external insulation. The use of these foams began in the 1960s and became commonplace in the 1970s and 1980s, largely in response to the energy crises of that period. A variety of foam types are used in building insulation, including Polyisocyanurate, and Extruded Polystyrene board stock, Polyurethane Panels, and Polyurethane Spray Foam. The relative market shares of these foams in California building insulation have altered over the years, driven by building code changes as well as wider supply, demand and cost factors. The figure below shows a Caleb estimate of the average percent share of total insulation foam consumption for the period 1960 to 2009 for new building and refurbishment efforts in California: Figure 3-3 CALIFORNIA FOAM CONSUMPTION - BY TYPE (1960-2009) % Foam Consumption in California - by Type (1960 - 2009) 10% 6% 29% 55% XPS Polyiso PU Panel Pu Spray 55% Board stock is prominently used in roof and wall insulation in commercial buildings. Sandwich panels, where the foam is sandwiched between facing materials such as steel and aluminum, are used for insulating cold stores, cold rooms and doors. Spray foams are made at the point of use and are literally sprayed into place. They are highly suitable for the insulation of uneven or inaccessible surfaces and are used in pipe work and roof spaces. Increasingly, companies are using pentane --a hydrocarbon-- as an alternative blowing agent for both board stock and sandwich panels. Pentane has a relatively low GWP value of 17, and hydrocarbon foam blowing agents typically have GWP values of 25 or less, a GWP reduction of 98 percent compared to common HFC foam blowing agents. In order to determine the flow of total foam through the Building Stock in any given year, Xxxxx calculated the foam content (in m3) in the existing stock (Foam in Buildings). By adding the volume of new foams and refurbishment foams and then subtracting the decommissioned foam, Xxxxx could estimate a revised volume for the total foam banked in buildings for the following year (Revised Foam in Buildings). In the table below the calculation shows the volume change between 2007 and 2008. Table 3-4 2008 - CALEB ESTIMATES OF FOAM VOLUME IN BUILDINGS (m3) Building Use Foam in Buildings New Foam Refurbishment Foam Decommissioned Foam Foam in Buildings - Revised Single Family Homes 9,802,172 513,816 20,982 162,726 10,499,696 Multi Family Homes 12,763,393 905,673 23,240 161,976 13,854,282 Commercial 12,338,548 985,537 30,488 120,298 13,474,871 Total 34,904,113 2,405,026 74,710 445,000 37,828,849 Caleb estimates that, in 2008, the proportion of California newly built and refurbished buildings that use insulation foam ranges from around 16% for Multi-Family Homes to 78% for Structural Cold Stores. This proportion has grown substantially in the last few decades and will continue to grow as energy codes are strengthened.