Information-Theoretic Secret Key Agreement Sample Clauses

Information-Theoretic Secret Key Agreement. Another fundamental result of information theory is the necessary condition for the so-called perfect secrecy. Before we introduce the definition of perfect secrecy and its necessary condition, Xxxxxxx’x classical model of secrecy systems is described. Suppose that there are two legitimate users, namely Xxxxx and Xxx, who want to communicate with each other secretly. They are able to use an insecure channel, and Xxx can see every message transmitted over the channel. A secret key K is shared between Xxxxx and Xxx, and Xxx knows nothing about K. Let M be the plaintext that Xxxxx wants to transmit to Bob over the insecure channel. Using K, Xxxxx first encrypts M to a ciphertext C, then sends it to Bob over the insecure channel. After Bob gets C, he decrypts it using K to get M. A cryptosystem is called perfectly-secret, if I(M ; C) = 0, i.e., M and C are statistically independent. In other words, Xxx gains no extra information about M after she gets C. A cryptosystem is called uniquely decodable, if a unique plaintext M can be determined from the ciphertext C and the key K, i.e., H(M|CK) = 0.
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