Intersections and Interchanges Sample Clauses
Intersections and Interchanges. (1) General considerations
a. Planning fundamentals and principles should be consistent for all the intersections on a given road;
b. The number of intersecting roads should be kept to a minimum by changing the patterns of some of the traffic streams crossing the international road. The distance between interchanges should be no less than 3 km;
c. The basic number of lanes should be maintained constant over appropriate distances. The number of lanes may be greater than that required to accommodate a particular volume of traffic with a view to avoiding repeated changes in the number of lanes over short stretches;
d. At junctions, entrances to and exits from the international road should be on the right of the through traffic;
e. Traffic on the international road shall have priority except in special cases (e.g., an intersection with another international road or other road having a heavy volume of traffic);
f. All intersections with first-class freeways shall be grade- separated;
g. Intersections with dual- and single-carriageway highways should preferably be grade-separated. If there are obstacles to this, they may be of the at-grade type;
h. The use of roundabouts is not recommended except in special cases (such as transition zones, suburbs, etc.);
i. Signalized intersections should be used minimally and only on condition that they are characterized by high operating efficiency, visibility and safety for all users;
j. All intersections with railway trac ks should be grade- separated; if, however, this is not possible and at-grade crossings are used, it is essential to observe the following:
i. The angle of intersection should be a right angle in so far as possible;
ii. The crossing should not be on a horizontal curve on either the road or the railway line;
iii. The crossing should be on a horizontal level in so far as possible. Under difficult topographic conditions there should be an intersection width whose level is horizontal and which measures no less than 1.00 on the side of each rail;
iv. The highway should be provided with markings, warning signs, warning devices and mechanical gates;
v. In the event that illuminated warning devices and gates are not provided, care should be taken to ensure for the vehicle driver a sight distance of no less than 400 m on the highway and 1000 m on the railway.