Common use of Management Approaches Clause in Contracts

Management Approaches. The Partnership will work together to carry out the following approaches to make progress toward the Toxic Contaminants research outcome. These approaches seek to address the factors affecting our ability to meet the goal and the gaps identified above. The management approach addresses each of the major issues identified at the beginning of the strategy. The management approach builds from existing research and monitoring efforts to address the research gaps and factors influencing our ability to meet the toxic contaminant goal. Since resources are limited, some guiding principles for the management approach are to: • Focus studies on areas where fish and wildlife have been degraded and/or there are human health concerns. • Better understand and identify the multiple stressors and mixtures of contaminant groups contributing to degraded fish and wildlife. • Improve the understanding between sources of these contaminants (and mixtures), their pathways to the environment, and exposures to receptor organisms. • Develop information so decision makers can consider an integrated approach to reduce toxic contaminants by taking advantage of practices being implemented for the Bay TMDL (reduction of nutrients and sediment). This approach will help address the factors (1) communicating the potential impacts of consuming contaminated fish and addressing their causes (2) resource constraints, and (3) synthesis. The resource constraints will be addressed through collaboration with additional partners. An effort will be undertaken to synthesize findings from different studies on selected topics, and communicate findings so decisionmakers can further reduce PCBs and associated fish consumption advisories. The current toxic contaminants prevention and policy management strategy is focused on reducing the impacts of PCBs since they are the leading cause for fish consumption advisories in tidal waters. Additional science will be generated to help address several research needs about PCB including: (1) identifying sources, (2) status and change in the environment, and (3) BMP effectiveness. Identify sources: Improve understanding of sources and fate of PCBs in the environment to inform mitigation options. The activities would range from summarizing best practices for PCB track down studies, informing stakeholders of results of atmospheric deposition studies, WWTP biosolids and effluent loads as well as reporting of other potential sources such as demolition/construction, dredged sediments. BMPs, assessing of the feasibility of incorporating the results into CBP decision tools, (such as CAST), and working interacting with the WQ GIT to apply the findings.

Management Approaches. The Partnership will work together to carry out the following approaches to make progress toward the Toxic Contaminants research outcome. These approaches seek to address the factors affecting our ability to meet the goal and the gaps identified above. The management approach addresses approaches address each of the major issues issues, and associated factors, identified at the beginning of the strategy. The management approach builds approaches build from existing research and monitoring efforts to address the research gaps and factors influencing our ability to meet the toxic contaminant goal. Since resources are limited, some guiding principles for the management approach are The factor of resource constraints applies to: • Focus studies on areas where fish and wildlife have been degraded and/or there are human health concerns. • Better understand and identify the multiple stressors and mixtures of contaminant groups contributing to degraded fish and wildlife. • Improve the understanding between sources of these contaminants (and mixtures), their pathways to the environment, and exposures to receptor organismsare discussed, for each management approach. • Develop information so decision makers can consider an integrated approach to reduce toxic contaminants by taking advantage The factor of practices being implemented for the Bay TMDL (reduction of nutrients and sediment)synthesis is discussed in several management approaches. This approach will help address the factors and gaps associated with (1) communicating summarizing information on the potential impacts occurrence of consuming contaminated fish consumption advisories and addressing their causes the sources of contamination, (2) resource constraints, and (3) synthesis. The resource constraints will be addressed through collaboration with additional partners. An effort will be undertaken to synthesize findings from different studies This management approach is focused on selected topics, and communicate findings so decisionmakers can further reduce PCBs and associated mercury since they are the primary contaminants causing fish consumption advisories. It addresses the factor “Understanding and defining sources of contamination leading to fish consumption advisories”. The approach for PCBs includes actions ranging from: • Refining PCB sources and methods for source identification through both literature and field study communication • Compare and identify science-based commonalities and differences of source tracking and PMP guidance documents from jurisdictions and the new EPA TMDL Vision 2.0 document; • Leveraging existing studies to enhance information on the sources of PCBs in environment. Examples include the Baltimore Areas study and several studies in the Anacostia and DC.. • Working toward a hierarchy of PCB monitoring and analytical methods for desired use to promote comparison of data across the watershed for similar needs and begin to assess feasibility, design, and funding of enhanced monitoring for PCBs to evaluate recovery of surface water/fish in areas where management for PCBs is occurring or planned. • Stay informed on progress of models in Xxxxx River, Anacostia, upper Potomac, any others as they may inform adaptive management decisions/areas of focus for others in the watershed. These results will inform the current toxic contaminants prevention and policy management strategy strategy, which is focused on reducing the impacts of PCBs since they are PCBs. The research efforts will provide a better understanding of the leading cause for factors affecting health of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, with a focus on fisheries. The states in the watershed (as well as DC) have active projects, many in cooperation with USGS, FWS, state and academic partners, attempting to discern causes of declining fish consumption advisories health, and fish mortality, in their respective drainage areas of the Bay watershed. Collectively, these efforts will help address the factor “Multiple factors affecting the health and Several efforts will help improve understanding over the next two years, including: • Assess the effects of contaminants on fish and shellfish in tidal waters. Additional science There will be generated a focus on Anacostia River sediment contaminants effects on fish health by USFWS, and also continue study and evaluate findings from condition of Yellow Perch in urban areas by USFWS, USGS, and UMCP. • The USGS will continue to help generate information to document fish health conditions in the Bay watershed. One effort will initiate studies designed to address several research needs about PCB including: temporal and spatial changes in fish health in mixed use watersheds in the freshwater portion of the watershed. • State DELT data has been compiled and will be assessed to determine if the data are robust enough to conduct spatial and temporal analysis to understand regional shifts in DELT. Attempts to examine visible fish health responses to management, land-use and land-change will be conducted. • Document impacts of PFAS compounds on the health of fish (1CB Watershed and elsewhere), including PFAS in fish plasma from some long-term Chesapeake Bay monitoring sites. • Document impacts of PFAS compounds on wildlife (e.g., tree swallows and terrapins) identifying sourcesin the watershed. • Interface with the Sustainable Fisheries GIT to consider toxic contaminants in tidal and freshwater fish-habitat assessments. NOAA and USGS, (2) through the Fish Habitat work group, are collaborating on fish-habitat assessments. The TCW will provide an overview to the Fish Habitat WG of available toxic contaminant data that could be considered for the freshwater and estuary fish habitat assessments. This management approach will address the factor, “Lack of data on the occurrence and trends of toxic contaminants.” This approach is focused on the settings where the sources of the contaminants are expected to have the maximum impact on fish and their opportunities to collectively address contaminants, nutrients, and sediment. These settings include urban and suburban areas, and agricultural lands. In agricultural lands, some of the primary sources to address animal manure, crops where pesticides are applied, and spreading of biosolids. In urban and suburban areas, some of the primary sources to address include aging sewer infrastructure, septic systems, urban runoff, and WWTPs. Data inventories revealed conducting regional assessments of trends of contaminants was not possible. Therefore, the approach will evolve to focus on selected geographic areas where data can be used to look at status and change in for selected contaminants. Some of actions to support this approach during the environmentnext two years include: • • The USGS will continue to explore the occurrence and concentrations of PCBs, PFAS, and (3) BMP effectivenesscomplex mixtures of toxic contaminants in wastewater effluent and its impact on receiving waters. Identify sources: Improve understanding A study is ongoing exploring the occurrence and concentrations of sources PCBs and fate PFAS in stormwater runoff, associations with different land use, and the source of sediment bound PCBs in the environment runoff. • Due to inform mitigation options. The activities would range from summarizing best practices for PCB track down studiesthe increasing need to address PFAS occurrence and concentration, informing stakeholders of results of atmospheric deposition studies, WWTP biosolids and effluent loads as well as reporting of other potential sources such as demolition/construction, dredged sediments. BMPs, assessing nearly all of the feasibility of incorporating efforts in this management approach include PFAS. At this time, these are disparate studies without coordination for field and analytical methods and data interpretation. This management approach will provide science to help the results into CBP decision tools, (such as CAST)TCW, and working interacting other partners including those on the WQ GIT, to identify and prioritize mitigation options to help mitigate contaminants directly and through potential co-benefits with nutrient and sediment reductions. There will a close interaction between the TCW and Water-Quality Goal Team and their workgroups to apply findings from various studies. This approach addresses the factor “Limited information of the practices to mitigate contaminants, and their potential direct and co-benefits with nutrients and sediment reductions”. Some of the actions over the next two years for this approach include: ▪Ongoing implementation of CBP recommendations to the STAC workshop report. These have been reviewed and approved by the TCW, the WQ GIT to apply and the findings.Management Board. Select priority actions include:

Management Approaches. The Partnership will work together to carry out the following approaches to make progress toward the Toxic Contaminants research outcome. These approaches seek to address the factors affecting our ability to meet the goal and the gaps identified above. The management approach addresses each of the major issues identified at the beginning of the strategy. The management approach builds from existing research and monitoring efforts to address the research gaps and factors influencing our ability to meet the toxic contaminant goal. Since resources are limited, some guiding principles for the management approach are to: • The management approach addresses each of the major issues identified at the beginning of the strategy. ◼ Focus studies on areas where fish and wildlife have been degraded and/or there are human health concerns. • ◼ Better understand and identify the multiple stressors and mixtures of contaminant groups contributing to degraded fish and wildlife. • ◼ Improve the understanding between sources of these contaminants (and mixtures), their pathways to the environment, and exposures to receptor organisms. • ◼ Develop information so decision makers can consider an integrated approach to reduce toxic contaminants by taking advantage of practices being implemented for the Bay TMDL (reduction of nutrients and sediment). This approach will help address the factors (1) communicating the potential impacts of consuming contaminated fish and addressing their causes (2) resource constraints, and (3) synthesis. The resource constraints will be addressed through collaboration with additional partners. An effort will be undertaken to synthesize findings from different studies on selected topics, and communicate findings so decisionmakers can further reduce PCBs and associated fish consumption advisories. The current toxic contaminants prevention and policy management strategy is focused on reducing the impacts of PCBs since they are the leading cause for fish consumption advisories in tidal waters. Additional science will be generated to help address several research needs about PCB including: (1) identifying sources, (2) status and change in the environment, and (3) BMP effectiveness. Identify sources: Improve understanding of sources and fate of PCBs in the environment to inform mitigation options. The activities would range from summarizing best practices for PCB track down studies, informing stakeholders of results of atmospheric deposition studies, WWTP biosolids and effluent loads as well as reporting of other potential sources such as demolition/construction, dredged sediments. BMPs, assessing of the feasibility of incorporating the results into CBP decision tools, (such as CAST), and working interacting with the WQ GIT to apply the findings.

Management Approaches. The Partnership will work together to carry out the following approaches to make progress toward the Toxic Contaminants research outcome. These approaches seek to address the factors affecting our ability to meet the goal and the gaps identified above. The management approach addresses approaches address each of the major issues issues, and associated factors, identified at the beginning of the strategy. The management approach builds approaches build from existing research and monitoring efforts to address the research gaps and factors influencing our ability to meet the toxic contaminant goal. Since resources The factor of resource constraints applies to, and are limiteddiscussed, some guiding principles for the each management approach are toapproach. The factor of synthesis is discussed in several management approaches. Approach: • Focus studies on areas where Synthesize information to make fish and wildlife have been degraded and/or there are shellfish safe for human health concerns. • Better understand and identify the multiple stressors and mixtures of contaminant groups contributing to degraded fish and wildlife. • Improve the understanding between sources of these contaminants (and mixtures), their pathways to the environment, and exposures to receptor organisms. • Develop information so decision makers can consider an integrated approach to reduce toxic contaminants by taking advantage of practices being implemented for the Bay TMDL (reduction of nutrients and sediment). consumption This approach will help address the factors and gaps associated with (1) communicating summarizing information on the potential impacts occurrence of consuming contaminated fish consumption advisories and addressing their causes the sources of contamination, (2) resource constraints, and (3) synthesis. The resource constraints will be addressed through collaboration with additional partners. An effort will be undertaken to synthesize findings from different studies This management approach is focused on selected topics, and communicate findings so decisionmakers can further reduce PCBs and associated mercury since they are the primary contaminants causing fish consumption advisories. It addresses the factor “Understanding and defining sources of contamination leading to fish consumption advisories”. The approach for PCBs includes actions ranging from: • Refining PCB sources and methods for source identification through both literature and field study communication; • Taking advantage of existing studies to enhance information on the sources of PCBs in environment. Examples include the Baltimore Areas study (UMBC-USGS) and several studies in the Anacostia and DC. These projects are also looking at sources of PCBs and relation to potential stormwater controls or stream remediation. • Working toward a hierarchy of PCB monitoring and analytical methods for desired use to promote comparison of data across the watershed for similar needs • Stay informed on progress of models in Xxxxx River, Anacostia, upper Potomac, any others as they may inform adaptive management decisions/areas of focus for others in the watershed. The results will inform the current toxic contaminants prevention and policy management strategy strategy, which is focused on reducing the impacts of PCBs since they are PCBs. The research efforts will provide a better understanding of the leading cause for factors affecting health of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, with a focus on fisheries. The states in the watershed (as well as DC) have active projects, many in cooperation with USGS, FWS and academic partners, attempting to discern causes of declining fish consumption advisories health, and fish mortality, in their respective drainage areas of the Bay watershed. These efforts will help address the factor “Multiple factors affecting the health and mortality of fish and wildlife.” Several efforts will help improve understanding over the next two years, including: • Assess the effects of contaminants on fish and shellfish in tidal waters. Additional science There will be generated a focus on Anacostia River sediment contaminants effects on fish health by USFWS, and also continue study and evaluate findings from condition of Yellow Perch in urban areas by USFWS, USGS, and UMCP. • The USGS will continue to generate information to document fish health conditions in the Bay watershed. One effort will initiate studies designed to address temporal and spatial changes in fish health in mixed use watersheds in the freshwater portion of the watershed. The other effort is designed to determine if state collected DELT data can be used to assess how various fish health indicators respond to BMPs and other management actions. • The USGS will be summarizing and releasing results from its Chesapeake EDC study. Results of fisheries effects will help inform this approach with other results on the sources and pathways will help inform the next management approach. This management approach will address several research needs about PCB includingthe factor, “Lack of data on the occurrence and trends of toxic contaminants.” This approach is focused on the settings where the sources of the contaminants are expected to have the maximum impact on fish and their opportunities to collectively address contaminants, nutrients, and sediment. These settings include urban and suburban areas, and agricultural lands. In agricultural lands, some of the primary sources to address animal manure, crops where pesticides are applied, and spreading of biosolids. In urban and suburban areas, some of the primary sources to address include aging sewer infrastructure, septic systems, urban runoff, and WWTPs. We will also look at the co-occurrence of contaminants with nutrients and sediment to find opportunities for mitigation options (next approach). Data inventories revealed conducting regional assessments of trends of contaminants was not possible. Therefore, the approach will evolve to focus on selected geographic areas where data can be used to look at status and change for selected contaminants. Some of actions to support this approach during the next two years include: • Multiple partners will be working to better define the sources and occurrence of EDCs and other toxic contaminant groups in different landscape settings. Actions will range from (1) identifying sourcescontinuing Pennsylvania studies on occurrence of pesticides and hormones and other toxic contaminants in surface water (PADEP and USGS), (2) status and change in the environmentmonitoring of sediment, water, and bivalves as part of the regional Mussel Watch program (3NOAA), evaluating the relationship between the amount of impervious surface and the impact on fish conditions (MD DNR), (4) BMP effectiveness. Identify sources: Improve understanding of sources and fate of PCBs in the environment publications to inform presence of select UV filters, hormones, and antibiotics in eastern oysters and hooked mussels (UMBC, USFS, USDA). • The USGS will be summarizing and releasing results from its Chesapeake EDC study on the sources, pathways and effects of these compounds on fish in selected agricultural areas. With the EDC study completed, the USGS is evolving to focus on the relation the occurrence of contaminants in urban areas, including stormwater runoff and WWTPs. • Have an increased emphasis on PFAS. Work with partners to coordinate PFAS studies of surface water and potential effects on fish and wildlife. This management approach will provide science to help the TCW, and other partners including those on the WQ Goal Team, to identify and prioritize mitigation optionsoptions to help mitigate contaminants and the potential co-benefits with nutrient and sediment reductions. Over the next two years will be focused on generating information on the co-benefits of urban and wastewater practices to remove PCBs and other associated contaminants. There will also be closer interaction between the TCW and Water-Quality Goal Team and their workgroups to apply the results. This approach addresses the factor “Limited information of the practices to mitigate contaminants, and their potential co-benefits with nutrients and sediment reductions”. Some of the actions over the next two years for this approach include: ▪ Initiate a GIT funded project to explore approaches for including removal effectives for PCBs and similar contaminants in decision tools. The activities would range from summarizing best practices project will develop methods and provide improved information on the removal efficiencies for PCB track down studies, informing stakeholders of results of atmospheric deposition studies, WWTP biosolids and effluent loads as well as reporting of other potential sources such as demolition/construction, dredged sediments. select urban contaminant Best Management Practices (BMPs, assessing of the feasibility of incorporating the results into CBP decision tools, (such as CAST), and working interacting contaminant reductions associated with wastewater discharge related to treatment plant and system maintenance improvements, into Chesapeake Assessment Scenario Tool (CAST) and other appropriate management tools in order to better quantify toxic contaminant reduction. ▪ Implement CBP recommendations to the STAC workshop report. These have been reviewed and approved by the TCW, the WQ GIT to apply and the findings.Management Board. The actions include: