Common use of Moth Trapping Clause in Contracts

Moth Trapping. Despite the use of Bt-transgenic cotton on about 95% of the acreage in Tennessee, bollworm and tobacco budworm compose an important pest complex. Bollworms may cause significant economic damage to Bt cotton fields, and the bollworm/budworm can be even more damaging to non-Bt cotton. More importantly, the threat of tobacco budworm infestations result in high adoption of Bt cotton. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in tobacco budworm populations makes distinguishing between budworm and bollworm infestations very critical in non-Bt cotton. Using a pyrethroid insecticide on a “worm” infestation which contains a significant percentage of tobacco budworms often results in serious economic losses. Area-wide monitoring remains a valuable tool in predicting the occurrence and size of pest populations. Pheromone trapping programs for bollworm, tobacco budworm, and beet armyworm provide insight into the timing and intensity of moth flights. For example, unusually high trap catches for a particular species can alert consultants and producers to the potential for impending outbreaks. When performed on a regional level and over a number of years, moth trapping can indicate historical and geographical patterns in the distribution of pest populations. Moth monitoring improves the decision making process, helping crop managers in the selection of insecticides and to indicate the need for intensified sampling efforts. This ultimately helps to minimize control costs and/or yield losses incurred by producers. Traps can also be used to collect moths used in assays for resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Pheromone moth traps for corn earworm (CEW or bollworm), tobacco budworm (TBW), and beet armyworm (BAW) were run on a weekly basis from early May through August. Traps were located in cotton growing areas of each county and were usually placed on the borders of cotton fields. All pheromone lures were obtained from Great Lakes IPM (Vestaburg, MI) and were changed at two week intervals. At least one, and usually two, sets of bollworm and tobacco budworm traps were run in each of the following 12 counties in West Tennessee: Carroll, Crockett, Dyer, Fayette, Gibson, Hardeman, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Tipton, Lake, Lauderdale, and Madison. One beet armyworm trap was located in each of the above counties.

Moth Trapping. Despite the use of Bt-transgenic cotton on about over 95% of the acreage in Tennessee, bollworm and tobacco budworm still compose an important pest complex. Bollworms may cause significant economic damage to Bt cotton fields, and the bollworm/budworm can be even more damaging to non-Bt cotton. More importantly, the threat of tobacco budworm infestations result results in high adoption of Bt cotton. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in tobacco budworm populations makes distinguishing between budworm and bollworm infestations very critical in non-Bt cotton. Using a pyrethroid insecticide on a “worm” infestation which contains a significant percentage of tobacco budworms often results in serious economic losses. Area-wide monitoring remains a valuable tool in predicting the occurrence and size of pest populations. Pheromone trapping programs for bollworm, tobacco budworm, and beet armyworm provide insight into the timing and intensity of moth flights. For example, unusually high trap catches for a particular species can alert consultants and producers to the potential for impending outbreaks. When performed on a regional level and over a number of years, moth trapping can indicate historical and geographical patterns in the distribution of pest populations. Moth monitoring improves the decision making process, helping crop managers in the selection of insecticides and to indicate the need for intensified sampling efforts. This ultimately helps to minimize control costs and/or yield losses incurred by producers. Traps can also be used to collect moths used in assays for resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Pheromone moth traps for corn earworm (CEW or bollworm), tobacco budworm (TBW), and beet armyworm (BAW) were run on a weekly basis from early May through August. Traps were located in cotton growing areas of each county and were usually placed on the borders of cotton fields. All pheromone lures were obtained from Great Lakes IPM (Vestaburg, MI) and were changed at two week intervals. At least one, and usually two, sets of bollworm and tobacco budworm traps were run in each of the following 12 counties in West Tennessee: Carroll, Crockett, Dyer, Fayette, Gibson, Hardeman, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Tipton, Lake, Lauderdale, and Madison. One beet armyworm trap was located in each of the above counties. Outcomes: Moth catches for each trap were reported weekly in the Tennessee IPM Newsletter. The newsletter is distributed to agents, cotton producers, consultants and other agricultural professionals and is also posted on the internet at xxx.xxxxxxx.xxx. Tobacco budworm moth catches were low and similar to previous years with a small, early June peak reflecting emergence from alternate hosts. Most tobacco budworm moths were caught in Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxx, Madison and Xxxxxx Counties. It is not surprising that few if any fields of cotton were treated for tobacco budworm considering the low acreage of non-Bt cotton and the low populations of tobacco budworm. The highest single-trap capture was recorded in xxxx Xxxxxxx County where 17 moths were caught the week preceding May 27. Catches of corn earworm (i.e., bollworm) moths in pheromone traps were relatively low and remarkably similar to 2008, although they were about twice as high as those observed in 2007. The bollworm is Tennessee’s most significant caterpillar pest in cotton because this species is able to cause economic injury to Bt cotton which composes the vast majority of the acreage. Peak trap catches during 2009 occurred in mid to late August, about two weeks later than usual and when most fields were too mature to be at significant risk. The unusually late corn crop caused by heavy spring rains also resulted in a delayed emergence of corn earworm from corn. More corn earworm moths were caught in Madison, Dyer, Lake and Xxxxxxx Counties than other areas. The highest single trap catches were observed in Xxxxxx County (151, Kenton area, July 29) and Madison County (152, WTREC, August 8). Few beet armyworm moths were caught in 2009 with an average peak in trap catches in August of less than five moths per trap per week. Trapping did not necessarily reflect all local variations in pest densities observed in cotton fields, in part because trap density was not high and because other factors influence oviposition and survival of these pests in cotton. However, the pheromone trapping program did an excellent job of predicting the relatively late occurrence of corn earworm populations observed in 2009. This correlated well with relatively low xxxx damage observed in many areas (see below). 40 30 20 15 10 5 0 TBW CEW BAW Moths per trap Date Average number of tobacco budworm (TBW), corn earworm (CEW), and beet armyworm (BAW) moths caught per trap in pheromone traps across West Tennessee (2009). 2 1 1 0 County Moths per Week Seasonal average number of tobacco budworm moths caught per trap per week in 2009. 30 20 15 10 5 0 Moths per Week County Seasonal average number of corn earworm moths caught per trap per week in 2009.

Moth Trapping. Despite the use of Bt-transgenic cotton on about over 95% of the acreage in Tennessee, bollworm and tobacco budworm still compose an important pest complex. Bollworms may cause significant economic damage to Bt cotton fields, and the bollworm/budworm can be even more damaging to non-Bt cotton. More importantly, the threat of tobacco budworm infestations result results in high adoption of Bt cotton. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in tobacco budworm populations makes distinguishing between budworm and bollworm infestations very critical in non-Bt cotton. Using a pyrethroid insecticide on a “worm” infestation which contains a significant percentage of tobacco budworms often results in serious economic losses. Area-wide monitoring remains a valuable tool in predicting the occurrence and size of pest populations. Pheromone trapping programs for bollworm, tobacco budworm, and beet armyworm provide insight into the timing and intensity of moth flights. For example, unusually high trap catches for a particular species can alert consultants and producers to the potential for impending outbreaks. When performed on a regional level and over a number of years, moth trapping can indicate historical and geographical patterns in the distribution of pest populations. Moth monitoring improves the decision making process, helping crop managers in the selection of insecticides and to indicate the need for intensified sampling efforts. This ultimately helps to minimize control costs and/or yield losses incurred by producers. Traps can also be used to collect moths used in assays for resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Pheromone moth traps for corn earworm (CEW or bollworm), tobacco budworm (TBW), and beet armyworm (BAW) were run on a weekly basis from early May through mid August. Traps were located in cotton growing areas of each county and were usually placed on the borders of cotton fields. All pheromone lures were obtained from Great Lakes IPM (Vestaburg, MI) and were changed at two week intervals. At least one, and usually two, sets of bollworm and tobacco budworm traps were run in each of the following 12 counties in West Tennessee: Carroll, Crockett, Dyer, Fayette, Gibson, Hardeman, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Tipton, Lake, Lauderdale, and Madison. One beet armyworm trap was located in each of the above counties. Outcomes: Moth catches for each trap were reported weekly on the UTcrops News Blog (xxxx://xxxx.xxxxxxx.xxx/) which was distributed to agents, cotton producers, consultants and other agricultural professionals. The UTcrops News Blog was launched in February of 2011 and has successfully replaced the IPM newsletter format that was used previously. Tobacco budworm moth catches were high compared to previous years. Most tobacco budworm moths were caught in Lake County, and to a lesser extent, Shelby County during late June and early July (Figs. 1 and 2). Few if any fields of cotton were treated for tobacco budworm considering the low acreage of non-Bt cotton. It is believed that these moths originated from non-cotton hosts, and moth catches were relatively low for the remainder of the season. The highest single-trap capture was recorded in Lake County (Xxxxxxx area) where 300 moths were caught the week preceding June 30.

Moth Trapping. Despite the use of Bt-transgenic cotton on about over 95% of the acreage in Tennessee, bollworm and tobacco budworm still compose an important pest complex. Bollworms may cause significant economic damage to Bt cotton fields, and the bollworm/budworm can be even more damaging to non-Bt cotton. More importantly, the threat of tobacco budworm infestations result results in high adoption of Bt cotton. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in tobacco budworm populations makes distinguishing between budworm and bollworm infestations very critical in non-Bt cotton. Using a pyrethroid insecticide on a “worm” infestation which contains a significant percentage of tobacco budworms often results in serious economic losses. Area-wide monitoring remains a valuable tool in predicting the occurrence and size of pest populations. Pheromone trapping programs for bollworm, tobacco budworm, and beet armyworm provide insight into the timing and intensity of moth flights. For example, unusually high trap catches for a particular species can alert consultants and producers to the potential for impending outbreaks. When performed on a regional level and over a number of years, moth trapping can indicate historical and geographical patterns in the distribution of pest populations. Moth monitoring improves the decision making process, helping crop managers in the selection of insecticides and to indicate the need for intensified sampling efforts. This ultimately helps to minimize control costs and/or yield losses incurred by producers. Traps can also be used to collect moths used in assays for resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Pheromone moth traps for corn earworm (CEW or bollworm), tobacco budworm (TBW), and beet armyworm (BAW) were run on a weekly basis from early May through mid August. Traps were located in cotton growing areas of each county and were usually placed on the borders of cotton fields. All pheromone lures were obtained from Great Lakes IPM (Vestaburg, MI) and were changed at two week intervals. At least one, and usually two, sets of bollworm and tobacco budworm traps were run in each of the following 12 counties in West Tennessee: Carroll, Crockett, Dyer, Fayette, Gibson, Hardeman, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Tipton, Lake, Lauderdale, and Madison. One beet armyworm trap was located in each of the above counties. Outcomes: Moth catches for each trap were reported weekly on the UTcrops News Blog (xxxx://xxxx.xxxxxxx.xxx/) which was distributed to agents, cotton producers, consultants and other agricultural professionals. The UTcrops News Blog was launched in February of 2011 and has successfully replaced the IPM newsletter format that was used previously. Tobacco budworm moth catches were low compared to previous years. Most tobacco budworm moths were caught in Madison, Dyer, Xxxxxx and Lake counties (Figs. 1 and 2). Few if any fields of cotton were treated for tobacco budworm considering the low acreage of non-Bt cotton. It is believed that these moths originated from non-cotton hosts, and moth catches were relatively low for the remainder of the season. The highest single-trap capture was recorded in Xxxx County (Newbern area) where 35 moths were caught the week preceding May 10. These moths likely originated from wild host plants.

Moth Trapping. Despite the use of Bt-transgenic cotton on about over 95% of the acreage in Tennessee, bollworm and tobacco budworm still compose an important pest complex. Bollworms may cause significant economic damage to Bt cotton fields, and the bollworm/budworm can be even more damaging to non-Bt cotton. More importantly, the threat of tobacco budworm infestations result results in high adoption of Bt cotton. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in tobacco budworm populations makes distinguishing between budworm and bollworm infestations very critical in non-Bt cotton. Using a pyrethroid insecticide on a “worm” infestation which contains a significant percentage of tobacco budworms often results in serious economic losses. Area-wide monitoring remains a valuable tool in predicting the occurrence and size of pest populations. Pheromone trapping programs for bollworm, tobacco budworm, and beet armyworm provide insight into the timing and intensity of moth flights. For example, unusually high trap catches for a particular species can alert consultants and producers to the potential for impending outbreaks. When performed on a regional level and over a number of years, moth trapping can indicate historical and geographical patterns in the distribution of pest populations. Moth monitoring improves the decision making process, helping crop managers in the selection of insecticides and to indicate the need for intensified sampling efforts. This ultimately helps to minimize control costs and/or yield losses incurred by producers. Traps can also be used to collect moths used in assays for resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Pheromone moth traps for corn earworm (CEW or bollworm), tobacco budworm (TBW), and beet armyworm (BAW) were run on a weekly basis from early May through August. Traps were located in cotton growing areas of each county and were usually placed on the borders of cotton fields. All pheromone lures were obtained from Great Lakes IPM (Vestaburg, MI) and were changed at two week intervals. At least one, and usually two, sets of bollworm and tobacco budworm traps were run in each of the following 12 counties in West Tennessee: Carroll, Crockett, Dyer, Fayette, Gibson, Hardeman, Xxxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Tipton, Lake, Lauderdale, and Madison. One beet armyworm trap was located in each of the above counties. Outcomes: Moth catches for each trap were reported weekly in the Tennessee IPM Newsletter. The newsletter is distributed to agents, cotton producers, consultants and other agricultural professionals and is also posted on the internet at xxx.xxxxxxx.xxx. Tobacco budworm moth catches were low and similar to previous years (Figs. 1, 4). Most tobacco budworm moths were caught in Xxxxxx and Xxxxxx Counties. It is not surprising that few if any fields of cotton were treated for tobacco budworm considering the low acreage of non- Bt cotton and the low populations of tobacco budworm. The highest single-trap capture was recorded in west Fayette County where 36 moths were caught the week preceding August 18.