Common use of Nations Clause in Contracts

Nations. The results are summarized in Table 3 and Figures 4-6. Furthermore, if Z ≥ 4 is an even number, the second-best stable formation is characterized by the equations (A.5) for i = 1,, Z , which implies that each nation forms Z − 2 bilateral coalitions and hence the total number of links is Z (Z − 2) 2 in the second-best coalitional structure. For an odd number: Z ≥ 5 , it is impossible that each nation links up with an identical number of nations. In this case, the second-best stable formation becomes hub-and-spoke structure; i.e., one country is a hub, linking with Z −1 nations, and each spoke nation forms Z − 2 bilateral agreements. The corresponding equilibria can be characterized by the equations (A.4) for the hub nation and (A,5) for the other Z −1 members. In this case, the total number of links is (Z −1)2

Nations. The results are summarized in Table 3 and Figures 4-6. Furthermore, if Z ≥  4 is an even number, the second-best stable formation is characterized by the equations (A.5) for i =  1,, Z , which implies that each nation forms Z − 2 bilateral coalitions and hence the total number of links is Z (Z − 2) Z  2 2 in the second-best coalitional structure. For an odd number: Z ≥  5 , it is impossible that each nation links up with an identical number of nations. In this case, the second-best stable formation becomes hub-and-spoke structure; i.e., one country is a hub, linking with Z −1 1 nations, and each spoke nation forms Z −  2 bilateral agreements. The corresponding equilibria can be characterized by the equations (A.4) for the hub nation and (A,5) for the other Z −1 1 members. In this case, the total number of links is (Z −1)2Z 12

Nations. The results are summarized in Table 3 and Figures 4-6. Furthermore, if Z ≥ 4 is an even number, the second-best stable formation is characterized by the equations (A.5) for i = 1,, Z , which implies that each nation forms Z − 2 Z−2 bilateral coalitions and hence the total number of links is Z (Z − 2) 2 in the second-best coalitional structure. For an odd number: Z ≥ 5 , it is impossible that each nation links up with an identical number of nations. In this case, the second-best stable formation becomes hub-and-spoke structure; i.e., one country is a hub, linking with Z −1 nations, and each spoke nation forms Z − 2 Z−2 bilateral agreements. The corresponding equilibria can be characterized by the equations (A.4) for the hub nation and (A,5) for the other Z −1 members. In this case, the total number of links is (Z −1)2− 1)2