Reduction of Underwritten Offering If the managing Underwriter or Underwriters in an Underwritten Registration pursuant to a Demand Registration, in good faith, advises the Company, the Demanding Holders and the Requesting Holders (if any) in writing that the dollar amount or number of Registrable Securities that the Demanding Holders and the Requesting Holders (if any) desire to sell, taken together with all other Common Stock or other equity securities that the Company desires to sell and the Common Stock, if any, as to which a Registration has been requested pursuant to separate written contractual piggy-back registration rights held by any other stockholders who desire to sell, exceeds the maximum dollar amount or maximum number of equity securities that can be sold in the Underwritten Offering without adversely affecting the proposed offering price, the timing, the distribution method, or the probability of success of such offering (such maximum dollar amount or maximum number of such securities, as applicable, the “Maximum Number of Securities”), then the Company shall include in such Underwritten Offering, as follows: (i) first, the Registrable Securities of the Demanding Holders and the Requesting Holders (if any) (pro rata based on the respective number of Registrable Securities that each Demanding Holder and Requesting Holder (if any) has requested be included in such Underwritten Registration and the aggregate number of Registrable Securities that the Demanding Holders and Requesting Holders have requested be included in such Underwritten Registration (such proportion is referred to herein as “Pro Rata”)) that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (ii) second, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clause (i), the Registrable Securities of Holders (Pro Rata, based on the respective number of Registrable Securities that each Holder has so requested) exercising their rights to register their Registrable Securities pursuant to subsection 2.2.1 hereof, without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; and (iii) third, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), the Common Stock or other equity securities that the Company desires to sell, which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; and (iv) fourth, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), the Common Stock or other equity securities of other persons or entities that the Company is obligated to register in a Registration pursuant to separate written contractual arrangements with such persons and that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities.
Requested Underwritten Offerings If the Initiating Holders request an underwritten offering pursuant to a registration under Section 2.1 (pursuant to a request for a registration statement to be filed in connection with a specific underwritten offering or a request for a shelf takedown in the form of an underwritten offering), the Company shall enter into a customary underwriting agreement with the underwriters. Such underwriting agreement shall (i) be satisfactory in form and substance to the Majority Participating Holders, (ii) contain terms not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement and (iii) contain such representations and warranties by, and such other agreements on the part of, the Company and such other terms as are generally prevailing in agreements of that type, including, without limitation, indemnities and contribution agreements on substantially the same terms as those contained herein (it being understood that an underwriting agreement in substantially the form of the underwriting agreement for the IPO shall be deemed to satisfy the foregoing requirements). Any Participating Holder shall be a party to such underwriting agreement and may, at its option, require that any or all of the representations and warranties by, and the other agreements on the part of, the Company to and for the benefit of such underwriters shall also be made to and for the benefit of such Participating Holder and that any or all of the conditions precedent to the obligations of such underwriters under such underwriting agreement be conditions precedent to the obligations of such Participating Holder; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to make any representations or warranties with respect to written information specifically provided by a Participating Holder for inclusion in the registration statement. Each such Participating Holder shall not be required to make any representations or warranties to or agreements with the Company or the underwriters other than representations, warranties or agreements regarding such Participating Holder, its ownership of and title to the Registrable Securities, any written information specifically provided by such Participating Holder for inclusion in the registration statement and its intended method of distribution; and any liability of such Participating Holder to any underwriter or other Person under such underwriting agreement shall be limited to the amount of the net proceeds received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities pursuant to the registration statement and shall be limited to liability for written information specifically provided by such Participating Holder.
Underwritten Offering Subject to the provisions of subsection 2.1.4 and Section 2.4 hereof, if a majority-in-interest of the Demanding Holders so advise the Company as part of their Demand Registration that the offering of the Registrable Securities pursuant to such Demand Registration shall be in the form of an Underwritten Offering, then the right of such Demanding Holder or Requesting Holder (if any) to include its Registrable Securities in such Registration shall be conditioned upon such Holder’s participation in such Underwritten Offering and the inclusion of such Holder’s Registrable Securities in such Underwritten Offering to the extent provided herein. All such Holders proposing to distribute their Registrable Securities through an Underwritten Offering under this subsection 2.1.3 shall enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with the Underwriter(s) selected for such Underwritten Offering by the majority-in-interest of the Demanding Holders initiating the Demand Registration.
Piggyback Underwritten Offerings In the case of a registration pursuant to Section 2.2 which involves an underwritten offering, the Company shall enter into an underwriting agreement in connection therewith and all of the Participating Holders’ Registrable Securities to be included in such registration shall be subject to such underwriting agreement. Any Participating Holder may, at its option, require that any or all of the representations and warranties by, and the other agreements on the part of, the Company to and for the benefit of such underwriters shall also be made to and for the benefit of such Participating Holder and that any or all of the conditions precedent to the obligations of such underwriters under such underwriting agreement be conditions precedent to the obligations of such Participating Holder; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to make any representations or warranties with respect to written information specifically provided by a Participating Holder for inclusion in the registration statement. Each such Participating Holder shall not be required to make any representations or warranties to or agreements with the Company or the underwriters other than representations, warranties or agreements regarding such Participating Holder, its ownership of and title to the Registrable Securities, any written information specifically provided by such Participating Holder for inclusion in the registration statement and its intended method of distribution; and any liability of such Participating Holder to any underwriter or other Person under such underwriting agreement shall be limited to the amount of the net proceeds received by such Participating Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities pursuant to the registration statement and shall be limited to liability for written information specifically provided by such Participating Holder.
Underwritten Offerings (a) The Initiating Holder shall have the right to select the book-running managers and the co-managers (collectively, the “managing underwriter”) in connection with any underwritten offering pursuant to Section 2 or Section 3; provided, that the selection of the managing underwriter by the Initiating Holder shall be subject to the reasonable approval of the Board. In connection with such underwritten offering, the Company and the Initiating Holder shall enter into an underwriting agreement with the underwriter or underwriters selected for such underwriting, provided, that such underwriting agreement is in customary form, provides for customary compensation, expense reimbursement and indemnification, and otherwise is reasonably acceptable to the Initiating Holder and the Company.
(b) Upon the receipt by the Company of an Underwritten Demand Notice or a Shelf Underwritten Demand Notice, the Company shall give prompt written notice to all Holders of Registrable Securities (other than the Initiating Holder) that an underwritten offering pursuant to Section 2 or Section 3, as applicable is being effected. In the event that any such Holder delivers to the Company, within fifteen (15) days after the delivery of such written notice to the Holder by the Company, a written request to include in such underwritten offering any Registrable Securities of the Holder, the Company shall include such Registrable Securities in the registration statement; provided that the Company need not include in an underwritten offering pursuant to Section 3 any Registrable Securities that are not then included in the applicable Shelf Registration Statement (unless the Company is then a WKSI). The right of any Holder to include Registrable Securities in any underwritten offering shall be conditioned upon such Holder’s willingness to enter into an underwriting agreement with the underwriter or underwriters selected for such offering (in each case, unless otherwise mutually agreed by such Holder, the Initiating Holders and the Company).
(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the managing underwriter of an underwritten offering in connection with any registration pursuant to Section 2 or Section 3 advises the Company and the Holders of Registrable Securities participating in such offering in writing that in its good faith judgment the number of Registrable Securities requested to be included in such offering exceeds the number of Registrable Securities which can be sold in such offering at a price acceptable to the applicable Initiating Holder, then (i) the number of Registrable Securities so requested to be included in such offering shall be reduced to that number of shares which in the good faith judgment of the managing underwriter can be sold in such offering at such price and (ii) this reduced number of Registrable Securities shall be allocated among all Holders of Registrable Securities in proportion, as nearly as practicable, to the respective number of shares of Registrable Securities then held by such Holders.
(d) Those Registrable Securities which are excluded from an underwriting in connection with any registration pursuant to Section 2 or Section 3 hereof by reason of the managing underwriter’s marketing limitation and all other Registrable Securities not originally requested to be so included shall not be included in such offering and shall be withheld from the market by the Holders thereof for a period (not to exceed ninety (90) days) which the managing underwriter reasonably determines is necessary to effect the underwritten offering.
(e) If the managing underwriter has not limited the number of Registrable Securities to be included in an underwritten offering pursuant to Section 2 or Section 3, the Company and, subject to the requirements of Section 8 hereof, the other holders of the Company’s securities may include securities for its (or their) own account in such registration if the managing underwriter so agrees and if the number of Registrable Securities which would otherwise have been included in such offering will not thereby be limited.
Limitations on Requested Registration The Company shall not be obligated to effect, or to take any action to effect, any such registration pursuant to this Section 2.1:
(i) Prior to the earlier of (A) the four (4) year anniversary of the date of this Agreement or (B) six (6) months following the effective date of the Company’s Initial Public Offering;
(ii) In any particular jurisdiction in which the Company would be required to execute a general consent to service of process in effecting such registration, qualification, or compliance, unless the Company is already subject to service in such jurisdiction and except as may be required by the Securities Act;
(iii) After the Company has initiated two (2) such registrations pursuant to this Section 2.1 (counting for these purposes only (1) registrations where at least 75% of the Registrable Securities requested to be registered are in fact registered and which have been declared or ordered effective and pursuant to which securities have been sold, and (2) registrations that closed, or were withdrawn at the request of the Holders (other than as a result of a material adverse change to the Company)); or
(iv) During the period starting with the date sixty (60) days prior to the Company’s good faith estimate of the date of filing of, and ending on a date ninety (90) days (or in the case of the Company’s Initial Public Offering, one hundred eighty (180) days) after the effective date of, a Company-initiated registration (other than a registration relating solely to employee benefit plans); provided that (A) the Company is actively employing in good faith best efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective and, (B) with respect to any request for registration pursuant to Section 2.1(a) received prior the date of filing of such Company-initiated registration, the Company shall have delivered written notice to the holders of Registrable Securities of its intent to file such registration within thirty (30) days after its receipt of such request.
Underwritten Registration or Underwritten Offering A registration in which securities of the Company are sold to an underwriter for reoffering to the public.
Registrations on Form S-3 The Holders of Registrable Securities may at any time, and from time to time, request in writing that the Company, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act (or any successor rule promulgated thereafter by the Commission), register the resale of any or all of their Registrable Securities on Form S-3 or any similar short form registration statement that may be available at such time (“Form S-3”); provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to effect such request through an Underwritten Offering. Within five (5) days of the Company’s receipt of a written request from a Holder or Holders of Registrable Securities for a Registration on Form S-3, the Company shall promptly give written notice of the proposed Registration on Form S-3 to all other Holders of Registrable Securities, and each Holder of Registrable Securities who thereafter wishes to include all or a portion of such Holder’s Registrable Securities in such Registration on Form S-3 shall so notify the Company, in writing, within ten (10) days after the receipt by the Holder of the notice from the Company. As soon as practicable thereafter, but not more than twelve (12) days after the Company’s initial receipt of such written request for a Registration on Form S-3, the Company shall register all or such portion of such Holder’s Registrable Securities as are specified in such written request, together with all or such portion of Registrable Securities of any other Holder or Holders joining in such request as are specified in the written notification given by such Holder or Holders; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to effect any such Registration pursuant to Section 2.3 hereof if (i) a Form S-3 is not available for such offering; or (ii) the Holders of Registrable Securities, together with the Holders of any other equity securities of the Company entitled to inclusion in such Registration, propose to sell the Registrable Securities and such other equity securities (if any) at any aggregate price to the public of less than $10,000,000.
Registration Procedures (a) If and whenever the Company is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to effect the registration of any Registrable Securities under the Securities Act as provided in Section 2.1, 2.2 or 2.4, the Company shall as promptly as practicable (in each case, to the extent applicable):
(i) prepare and file with the Commission a registration statement to effect such registration, cause such registration statement to become effective at the earliest possible date permitted under the rules and regulations of the Commission, and thereafter use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to remain effective pursuant to the terms of this Agreement; provided, however, that the Company may discontinue any registration of its securities that are not Registrable Securities at any time prior to the effective date of the registration statement relating to such securities; provided further that before filing such registration statement or any amendments thereto, the Company will furnish to the counsel selected by the Selling Holders copies of all such documents proposed to be filed, which documents will be subject to the review of and comment by such counsel (it being understood that counsel to the Selling Holders will conduct its review and provide any comments promptly);
(ii) prepare and file with the Commission such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registration statement and the prospectus used in connection therewith and any Exchange Act reports incorporated by reference therein as may be necessary to keep such registration statement effective and to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by such registration statement until the earlier of such time as all of such securities have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the Selling Holder(s) set forth in such registration statement or (i) in the case of a Demand Registration pursuant to Section 2.1, the expiration of 60 days after such registration statement becomes effective or (ii) in the case of a Piggy-Back Registration pursuant to Section 2.2, the expiration of 60 days after such registration statement becomes effective;
(iii) furnish to each Selling Holder and each underwriter, if any, of the securities being sold by such Selling Holder such number of conformed copies of such registration statement and of each amendment and supplement thereto (in each case including all exhibits), such number of copies of the prospectus contained in such registration statement (including each preliminary prospectus and any summary prospectus) and any other prospectus filed under Rule 424 under the Securities Act, in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, and such number of copies of any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and such other documents as such Selling Holder and underwriter, if any, may reasonably request in order to facilitate the public sale or other disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such Selling Holder; provided, however, that no reports or documents need to be furnished to the extent they have been filed with the Commission and are publicly available on the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system or any successor system.
(iv) use commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify such Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement under such other securities laws or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as any Selling Holder and any underwriter of the securities being sold by such Selling Holder shall reasonably request, and take any other action which may be reasonably necessary or advisable to enable such Selling Holder and underwriter to consummate the disposition in such jurisdictions of the Registrable Securities owned by such Selling Holder, except that the Company shall not for any such purpose be required to qualify generally to do business as a foreign corporation in any jurisdiction wherein it would not but for the requirements of this clause (iv) be obligated to be so qualified, to subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction or to file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction;
(v) use best efforts to cause such Registrable Securities to be listed on each securities exchange on which similar securities issued by the Company are then listed and, if no such securities are so listed, use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registrable Securities to be listed on the NYSE or the Nasdaq Stock Market;
(vi) use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement to be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to enable the Selling Holder(s) thereof to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Securities;
(vii) in connection with an underwritten offering, obtain for each underwriter:
(1) an opinion of counsel for the Company, covering the matters customarily covered in opinions requested in underwritten offerings and such other matters as may be reasonably requested by such underwriters, and
(2) a “comfort” letter signed by the independent registered public accountants who have certified the Company’s financial statements included in such registration statement (and, if necessary, any other independent registered public accountant of any subsidiary of the Company or any business acquired by the Company from which financial statements and financial data are, or are required to be, included in the registration statement);
(viii) promptly make available for inspection by any Selling Holder, any underwriter participating in any disposition pursuant to any registration statement, and any attorney, accountant or other agent or representative retained by any Selling Holder or underwriter (collectively, the “Inspectors”), all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company (collectively, the “Records”), as shall be reasonably necessary to enable such Selling Holder or underwriter to exercise their due diligence responsibility, and cause the Company’s officers, directors and employees to supply all information requested by any such Inspector in connection with such registration statement promptly; provided, however, that, unless the disclosure of such Records is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in the registration statement or the release of such Records is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other order from a court of competent jurisdiction, the Company shall not be required to provide any information under this clause (viii) if (i) the Company believes, after consultation with counsel for the Company, that to do so would cause the Company to forfeit an attorney-client privilege that was applicable to such information or (ii) if either (A) the Company has requested and been granted from the Commission confidential treatment of such information contained in any filing with the Commission or documents provided supplementally or otherwise or (B) the Company reasonably determines in good faith that such Records are confidential and so notifies the Inspectors in writing unless prior to furnishing any such information with respect to (i) or (ii) such Selling Holder agrees, and causes each of the Inspectors to agree, to enter into a confidentiality agreement on terms reasonably acceptable to the Company; and provided further that each of the Selling Holders agree that it will, upon learning that disclosure of such Records is sought in a court of competent jurisdiction, give notice to the Company and allow the Company, at its expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of the Records deemed confidential;
(ix) promptly notify in writing each Selling Holder and the underwriters, if any, of the following events:
(1) the filing of the registration statement, the prospectus or any prospectus supplement related thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or post-effective amendment to the registration statement, and, with respect to the registration statement or any post-effective amendment thereto, when the same has become effective;
(2) any request by the Commission for amendments or supplements to the registration statement or the prospectus or for additional information;
(3) the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the registration statement or the initiation of any proceedings by any Person for that purpose;
(4) when any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus includes information that may conflict with the information contained in the registration statement; and
(5) the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of any Registrable Securities for sale under the securities or blue sky laws of any jurisdiction or the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such purpose;
(x) notify each Selling Holder, at any time when a prospectus relating thereto is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, upon discovery that, or upon the happening of any event as a result of which, the prospectus included in such registration statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and, at the request of any Selling Holder, promptly prepare and furnish to such Selling Holder a reasonable number of copies of a supplement to or an amendment of such prospectus as may be necessary so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of such Registrable Securities, such prospectus shall not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
(xi) use every reasonable best effort to obtain the withdrawal of any order suspending the effectiveness of such registration statement;
(xii) use commercially reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the Commission, and make available to the Selling Holders, as promptly as practicable, an earnings statement covering the period of at least 12 months, but not more than 18 months, beginning with the first day of the Company’s first full quarter after the effective date of such registration statement, which earnings statement shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of the Commission promulgated thereunder (or any successor rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission);
(xiii) cooperate with the Selling Holders and any underwriter to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates (which shall not bear any restrictive legends unless required under applicable law), if necessary or appropriate, representing securities sold under any registration statement, and enable such securities to be in such denominations and registered in such names as the managing underwriter or such Selling Holder may request and keep available and make available to the Company’s transfer agent prior to the effectiveness of such registration statement a supply of such certificates as necessary or appropriate;
(xiv) have appropriate officers of the Company prepare and participate in customary “road shows” as requested by the managing underwriter(s);
(xv) have appropriate officers of the Company, and cause representatives of the Company’s independent registered public accountants to, participate in any due diligence discussions reasonably requested by any Selling Holder or any underwriter;
(xvi) if requested by any underwriter, agree, and cause the Company, any directors or officers of the Company to agree, to be bound by customary “lock-up” agreements restricting the ability to dispose of Company securities;
(xvii) if requested by any Selling Holders or any underwriter, promptly incorporate in the registration statement or any prospectus, pursuant to a supplement or post-effective amendment if necessary, such information as such Selling Holders may reasonably request to have included therein, including, without limitation, information relating to the “Plan of Distribution” of the Registrable Securities;
(xviii) cooperate and assist in any filings required to be made with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and in the performance of any due diligence investigation by any underwriter that is required to be undertaken in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA;
(xix) otherwise use commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate as reasonably requested by the Selling Holders and the underwriters in the offering, marketing or selling of the Registrable Securities;
(xx) otherwise use commercially reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the Commission and all reporting requirements under the rules and regulations of the Exchange Act; and
(xxi) use commercially reasonable efforts to take any action requested by the Selling Holders, including any action described in clauses (i) through (xx) above to prepare for and facilitate any “over-night deal” or other proposed sale of Registrable Securities over a limited time frame. The Company may require each Selling Holder and each underwriter, if any, to furnish the Company in writing such information regarding each Selling Holder or underwriter and the distribution of such Registrable Securities as the Company may from time to time reasonably request to complete or amend the information required by such registration statement.
(b) Without limiting any of the foregoing, in the event that the offering of Registrable Securities is to be made by or through an underwriter, the Company shall enter into an underwriting agreement with a managing underwriter or underwriters containing representations, warranties, indemnities and agreements customarily included (but not inconsistent with the covenants and agreements of the Company contained herein) by an issuer of common stock in underwriting agreements with respect to offerings of common stock for the account of, or on behalf of, such issuers. In connection with any offering of Registrable Securities registered pursuant to this Agreement, the Company shall furnish to the underwriter, if any (or, if no underwriter, the Selling Holder), unlegended certificates representing ownership of the Registrable Securities being sold (unless, in the Company’s sole discretion, such Registrable Securities are to be issued in uncertificated form pursuant to the customary arrangements for issuing shares in such form), in such denominations as requested, and instruct any transfer agent and registrar of the Registrable Securities to release any stop transfer order with respect thereto. Each Selling Holder agrees that upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 2.7(a)(x), such Selling Holder shall forthwith discontinue such Selling Holder’s disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to the applicable registration statement and prospectus relating thereto until such Selling Holder’s receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus contemplated by Section 2.7(a)(ix) and, if so directed by the Company, deliver to the Company, at the Company’s expense, all copies, other than permanent file copies, then in such Selling Holder’s possession of the prospectus current at the time of receipt of such notice relating to such Registrable Securities. In the event the Company shall give such notice, any applicable 60 day period during which such registration statement must remain effective pursuant to this Agreement shall be extended by the number of days during the period from the date of giving of a notice regarding the happening of an event of the kind described in Section 2.7(a)(ix) to the date when all such Selling Holders shall receive such a supplemented or amended prospectus and such prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission.
Incidental Underwritten Offerings If the Company at any time proposes to register any of its securities under the Securities Act as contemplated by Article II of this Agreement and such securities are to be distributed by or through one or more underwriters, the Company will, if requested by any holder of Registrable Securities as provided in Article II of this Agreement, arrange for such underwriters to include all the Registrable Securities to be offered and sold by such holder, subject to the limitations set forth in Article II hereof, among the securities to be distributed by such underwriters. The holders of Registrable Securities to be distributed by such underwriters shall be parties to the underwriting agreement between the Company and such underwriters, and may, at their option, require that any or all of the representations and warranties by, and the other agreements on the part of, the Company to and for the benefit of such underwriters shall also be made to and for the benefit of such holders of Registrable Securities and that any or all of the conditions precedent to the obligations of such underwriters under such underwriting agreement be conditions precedent to the obligations of such holders of Registrable Securities. The Company shall cooperate with any such holder of Registrable Securities in order to limit any representations or warranties to, or agreements with, the Company or the underwriters to be made by such holder only to those representations, warranties or agreements regarding such holder, such holder's Registrable Securities and such holder's intended method of distribution and any other representation required by law.
