Spectral Efficiency Clause Samples

The Spectral Efficiency clause defines the minimum required efficiency with which a system or device utilizes the available frequency spectrum to transmit data. In practice, this clause sets specific benchmarks or ratios, such as bits per second per hertz (bps/Hz), that equipment or services must meet to ensure optimal use of bandwidth. By establishing these standards, the clause helps maximize data throughput while minimizing wasted spectrum, thereby addressing the need for efficient and fair allocation of limited frequency resources.
Spectral Efficiency. ‌ The physical path design of the Ethernet twisted-pair copper media standard 10GBASE-T (802.3an) represents one of the most advanced constellations in common use at very high symbol rates. As shown below in Figure 22, each of the four channels uses an 800 Mbaud symbol rate with 3.125 bits per DSQ-128 dimension, giving 2.5 Gb/s/copper pair. This is derived using 16-▇▇▇ at 4 bit/dim, which is reduced to 3.125 bit/dim by 2-D alphabet partitioning and coding. The cable transmission matrix is high cross-linked, suggesting that MIMO-OFDM could be used. However, latency issues make this a poor choice; a factor often overlooked in the use of OFDM signaling. The use of intrinsic echo and cross-talk cancellation offers a strong (and essential) advantage in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Overall a BER of 10-12 is achieved with a SNR of 23.32 dB. A low-density, parity check code (LDPC [2048,1723]) offers 8 dB coding gain. Figure 22: DSQ-128 Modulation. For microwave mobile backhaul, over the last ten years, state of the art spectral efficiency has increased from a modest 1.2 b/s/Hz to a record value of 35 b/s/Hz demonstrated by Ericsson at the Mobile World Congress 2011 in Barcelona. Enabling technologies for such an increase in spectral efficiency are MIMO technologies such as polarization multiplexing and spatial multiplexing, and high order modulation where 512QAM is commercially available and 1024QAM and higher are to be introduced to the market [31]. Recent records in spectral efficiencies achieved in optical communications e.g. over multi-mode fibres, rely all on off-line processing after sampling the signals in a high-speed oscilloscope.
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Related to Spectral Efficiency

  • Energy Efficiency The contractor shall comply with all mandatory standards and policies relating to energy efficiency which are contained in the energy conservation plan issued in compliance with the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (Pub.L. 94-163) for the State in which the work under this contract is performed.

  • PRODUCTIVITY The Union shall place no limitations upon the amount of work which an Employee shall perform during the working day and there shall be no restrictions imposed against the use of any type of machinery, tools or labour saving devices.

  • Maintenance of Profitability Seller shall not permit, for any Test Period, Net Income for such Test Period, before income taxes for such Test Period and distributions made during such Test Period, to be less than $1.00.

  • Quality All products will be new and unused. All products provided by the Contractor must meet all federal, state, and local standards for quality and safety requirements. Products not meeting the requirements of this section will be deemed unacceptable and returned to the Contractor for credit at no charge to the State.

  • Reliability Reliability targets (Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)) are defined in the technical specifications as set out in the Contract. Notwithstanding any possible application of penalties relating to reliability defined in the Contract, Goods shall remain covered by the warranty defined in this Article 16 as long as the reliability commitments have not been reached.