Supercapacitor Electrical Storage System. A supercapacitor can be considered as being built of a number of capacitors placed in parallel stacks, as shown in Figure 64. The normal output voltage can developed by considering the capacitors as being in series. Cell 1:1 Rs ESR ESR C Rl C RL ESR ESR ESR C RL ESR ESR Cell Ns:Np ESR C RL Figure 64: Circuit diagram of a supercapacitor module Ns is the number of cells in series and NP is the number of parallel cells. C is the capacity and Rl is the leakage resistance in each cell A supercapacitor module can be considered as a single series resistance and a capacitance in parallel with a resistance (leakage) for modelling, as a shown in Figure 65. ESR CB RLB Figure 65: A simplified supercapacitor module circuit diagram The functions that can be used describe the supercapacitor are; Where; ESR is the equivalent series resistance and is; CB is the module capacity; RLB is the model equivalent leakage resistance Table 41 gives some capacitance and resistance value characteristics for a typical supercapacitor. Table 41: Characteristic values of a supercapacitor Figure 66 shows the supercapacitor model block, which was created in GES Figure 66: Supercapacitor model block in GES The internal parameters that were set in the supercapacitor GES model are shown in Figure 67. Figure 67: List of parameter for supercapacitor model Table 42 gives the input and output parameters needed in the model to define a supercapacitor. Type Name Gates Paramet ers CAP_SuperCapacitor 1 5 Version INOMAN.1 Help Storage, Large cells Created from 650 Farad 600 Fuel type 0 3000 Farad TNO SWBS 0 1-11-2013 gate # Index Power [In,Out] effort cal unit flow cal unit parameter # name value unit Table 42: The definition of the inputs and outputs parameters of the GES supercapacitor model The parameters listed in the above table were used to define the functions in the supercapacitor model IB = gate_energy(0)*f_value(0)/Np; //current of one cell as function of the load current IC = IB-GCL*Uc; //capacity current of one cell //GCL is 1/RLB Uc = integral(U0/Ns, IC/C); //capacity voltage of one cell //Uo/Ns start voltage of one cell UB = Ns*(Uc+IB*Rs); //output voltage of the module e_gate(0) = UB; Beyond the operation of a supercapacitor, a number of additional parameters needed to describe a specific supercapacitor’s physical attributions. Table 43 shows the working life expectancy of a typical supercapacitor, while, Table 44 gives the sizing and weight values of supercapacitors, based on their capa...
