EVOLUTION INVESTMENT TRUST AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST Dated as of September 8, 2008
EVOLUTION INVESTMENT TRUST
AGREEMENT AND
DECLARATION OF TRUST
Dated as of September 8,
2008
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Page
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ARTICLE I
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The Trust
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1.1
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Name
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1
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1.2
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Definitions
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1
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ARTICLE II
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Trustees
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2.1
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Number and
Qualifications
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2
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2.2
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Term and
Election
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3
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2.3
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Resignation and
Removal
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3
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2.4
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Vacancies
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3
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2.5
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Meetings
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3
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2.6
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Trustee Action by Written
Consent
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4
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2.7
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Officers
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4
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ARTICLE III
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Powers and Duties of
Trustees
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3.1
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General
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4
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3.2
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Investments
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4
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3.3
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Legal Title
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5
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3.4
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Issuance, Repurchase and
Redemption of Shares
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5
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3.5
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Borrow Money or Utilize
Leverage
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5
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3.6
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Delegation;
Committees
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5
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3.7
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Collection and
Payment
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5
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3.8
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Expenses
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5
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3.9
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By-Laws
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6
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3.10
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Miscellaneous
Powers
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6
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3.11
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Further
Powers
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6
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ARTICLE IV
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Advisory, Management and
Distribution Arrangements and other Contracts
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4.1
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Advisory and Management
Arrangements
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6
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4.2
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Distribution
Arrangements
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6
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4.3
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Other Service
Providers
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7
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4.4
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Parties to
Contract
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7
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ARTICLE V
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Limitations of Liability and
Indemnification
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5.1
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No Personal Liability of
Shareholders, Trustees, etc.
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7
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5.2
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Mandatory
Indemnification
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7
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5.3
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No Bond Required of
Trustees
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8
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5.4
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No Duty of Investigation; No
Notice in Trust Instruments, etc.
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8
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5.5
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Reliance on Experts,
etc.
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9
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- i -
Page
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ARTICLE
VI
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Shares of Beneficial
Interest
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6.1
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Beneficial
Interest
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9
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6.2
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Establishment of Series and
Classes
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9
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6.3
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Rights of
Shareholders
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9
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6.4
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Trust Only
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9
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6.5
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Issuance of
Shares
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9
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6.6
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Register of
Shares
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10
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6.7
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Transfer Agent and
Xxxxxxxxx
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00
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6.8
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Transfer of
Shares
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10
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6.9
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Notices
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10
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ARTICLE
VII
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Custodians
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7.1
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Appointment and
Duties
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10
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7.2
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Central Certificate
System
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11
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ARTICLE
VIII
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Redemptions and
Repurchases
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11
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8.1
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Redemptions and Repurchases of
Shares
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11
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8.2
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Manner of
Payment
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11
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8.3
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Disclosure of
Holding
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11
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ARTICLE
IX
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Determination of Net Asset Value,
Net Income and Distributions
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9.1
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Net Asset
Value
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12
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9.2
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Distributions to
Shareholders
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12
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9.3
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Power to Modify Foregoing
Procedures
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12
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ARTICLE
X
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Shareholders
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1 10.1
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Meetings of
Shareholders
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12
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1 10.2
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Voting
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13
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1 10.3
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Quorum and Required
Vote
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13
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1 10.4
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Proxies,
etc.
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13
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10.5
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Inspection of
Records
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13
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10.6
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Shareholder Action by Written
Consent
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13
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ARTICLE
XI
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Duration; Termination of Trust;
Amendment; Reorganizations, Etc.
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11.1
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Duration
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14
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11.2
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Termination
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14
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11.3
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Amendment
Procedure
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14
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11.4
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Reorganizations
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15
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11.5
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Subsidiaries
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16
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11.6
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Conversion
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16
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11.7
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Certain
Transactions
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16
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Page
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ARTICLE
XII
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Miscellaneous
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12.1
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Filing
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17
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12.2
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Resident
Agent
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17
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12.3
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Applicable
Law
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17
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12.4
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Counterparts
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18
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12.5
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Reliance by Third
Parties
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18
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12.6
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Provisions in Conflict with Law or
Regulation
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18
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- iii -
EVOLUTION
INVESTMENT TRUST
AGREEMENT
AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST made
as of September 8,
2008 by the Trustees
hereunder, and by the holders of shares of beneficial interest issued hereunder
as hereinafter provided.
WHEREAS, this Trust has been formed to
carry on business as set forth more particularly
hereinafter;
WHEREAS, this Trust is authorized to
issue an unlimited number of its shares of beneficial interest all in accordance
with the provisions hereinafter set forth;
WHEREAS, the Trustees have agreed to
manage all property coming into their hands as Trustees of a Delaware statutory
trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;
and
WHEREAS, the parties hereto intend that
the Trust created by this Declaration (as defined below) and the Certificate of
Trust filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on September 8, 2008 shall constitute a statutory trust
under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and that this Declaration shall
constitute the governing instrument of such statutory trust.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby
declare that they will hold all cash, securities, and other assets which they
may from time to time acquire in any manner as Trustees hereunder IN TRUST to
manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms and conditions for the
benefit of the holders from time to time of shares of beneficial interest in
this Trust as hereinafter set forth.
ARTICLE I
THE
TRUST
1.1 Name. This Trust shall be known as the
“Evolution Investment
Trust” and the Trustees shall conduct the
business of the Trust under that name or any other name or names as they may
from time to time determine.
1.2 Definitions. As used in this Declaration, the
following terms shall have the following meanings:
“1940
Act” shall mean the
Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder and exemptions granted
therefrom, as amended from time to time.
“Affiliated
Person” shall have the
meaning given to it in the
1940 Act.
“Assignment” shall have the meaning given to it in the 1940
Act.
“By-Laws” shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as
amended from time to time
by the Trustees.
“Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated
thereunder.
“Commission” shall mean the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
“Continuing
Trustee” shall mean any
member of the Board of Trustees who either (a) has been a member of the
Board of Trustees for a period of at least thirty-six months (or since the
commencement of the Trust’s operations, if less than thirty-six months) or
(b) was nominated to serve as a member of the Board of Trustees by a
majority of the then Continuing Trustees.
“Declaration” shall mean this Agreement and
Declaration of Trust, as amended, supplemented or amended and restated from time
to time.
“Delaware
Statutory Trust Act” shall
mean the provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del. C. §3801, et seq., as such Act may be amended from time
to time.
- 1
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“Delaware
General Corporation Law”
shall mean the Delaware General Corporation Law, 8 Del. C. §101, et seq., as amended from time to
time.
“Fundamental
Policies” shall mean the
investment policies and restrictions as set forth from time to time in any
prospectus or any current Registration Statement of the Trust filed with the
Commission and designated as fundamental policies therein, as they may be
amended from time to time in accordance with the requirements of the 1940
Act.
“Interested
Person” shall have the
meaning given to it in the 1940 Act.
“Majority
Shareholder Vote” shall
mean a vote of “a majority of the
outstanding voting securities” (as such term is defined in the 0000
Xxx) of the Trust with each series and class of Shares voting together as a
single class, except to the extent otherwise required by the 1940 Act or this
Declaration with respect to any one or more series or classes of Shares, in
which case the applicable proportion of such series or classes of Shares voting
as a separate series or class, as the case may be, also will be
required.
“Person” shall mean and include individuals,
corporations, partnerships, trusts, limited liability companies, associations,
joint ventures and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and
governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof.
“Principal
Underwriter” shall have the
meaning given to it in the 1940 Act.
“Prospectus” shall mean the current Prospectus as
in effect from time to time under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or
offering memorandum of securities, of the Trust or of any series or class, as
applicable.
“Shareholders” shall mean as of any particular time
the holders of record of outstanding Shares of the Trust or any series or class
of the Trust, as the case may be, at such time.
“Shares” shall mean the transferable units of
beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be
divided from time to time and includes fractions of Shares as well as whole
Shares. In addition, Shares also means any preferred shares or preferred units
of beneficial interest that may be issued from time to time, as described
herein. All references to Shares shall be deemed to be Shares of any or all
series or classes as the context may require.
“Trust” shall mean the trust established by
this Declaration, as amended from time to time, inclusive of each such
amendment.
“Trust
Property” shall mean as of
any particular time any and all property, real or personal, tangible or
intangible, which at such time is owned or held by or for the account of the
Trust or the Trustees in such capacity.
“Trustees” shall mean the signatory to this
Declaration, so long as such signatory shall continue in office in accordance
with the terms hereof, and all other persons who at the time in question have
been duly elected or appointed and have qualified as trustees in accordance with
the provisions hereof and are then in office.
ARTICLE II
TRUSTEES
2.1 Number and
Qualifications. Prior to
the offering of Shares to investors pursuant to the Trust’s registration
statement on Form N-2, there may be a sole Trustee. Thereafter, the number of
Trustees shall be determined by a written instrument signed by a majority of the
Trustees then in office or by a resolution of the Trustees then in office, duly
adopted and recorded in the records of the Trust, provided that the number of
Trustees shall be no less than three or more than six.. No reduction in the number of Trustees
shall have the effect of removing any Trustee from office prior to the
expiration of his term. An individual nominated as a Trustee shall be at least
21 years of age and not older than 80 years of age at the time of
nomination and not under legal disability. Trustees need not own
Shares.
- 2
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2.2 Term and
Election. Each Trustee
shall hold office for the lifetime of the Trust or until the next meeting of
Shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees or consent of
Shareholders in lieu thereof for the election of Trustees, and until the
election and qualification of his or her successor. Only the term of office of a
Trustee designated for election will terminate at the next meeting of
Shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees or consent of
Shareholders in lieu thereof for the election of Trustees, and the term of
office of a Trustee not designated for election will not terminate. The term of
office of a Trustee shall also terminate and a vacancy shall occur in the event
of the death, resignation, removal, bankruptcy, adjudicated incompetence or
other incapacity to perform the duties of the office of a
Trustee.
2.3 Resignation
and Removal. Any of the
Trustees may resign his or her trust (without need for prior or subsequent
accounting) by an instrument in writing signed by such Trustee and delivered or
mailed to the Trustees or the Chairman, if any, the President or the Secretary
and such resignation shall be effective upon such delivery, or at a later date
according to the terms of the instrument. Any of the Trustees may be removed
(provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such removal shall not be less
than the minimum number required by Section 2.1 hereof) for cause only, and
not without cause, and only by action taken by a majority of the remaining
Trustees followed by the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the
Shares then entitled to vote in an election of such Trustee. Upon the
resignation or removal of a Trustee, each such resigning or removed Trustee
shall execute and deliver such documents as the remaining Trustees shall require
for the purpose of conveying to the Trust or the remaining Trustees any Trust
Property held in the name of such resigning or removed Trustee. Upon the
incapacity or death of any Trustee, such Trustee’s legal representative shall
execute and deliver on such Trustee’s behalf such documents as the remaining
Trustees shall require as provided in the preceding
sentence.
2.4 Vacancies. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of
Trustees shall occur, the remaining Trustees may fill such vacancy by appointing
an individual having the qualifications described in this ARTICLE II by a
written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees then in office or by a
resolution of the Trustees then in office, duly adopted and recorded in the
records of the Trust, specifying the effective date of the appointment or may
leave such vacancy unfilled or may reduce the number of Trustees; provided the
aggregate number of Trustees after such reduction shall not be less than the
minimum number required by Section 2.1 hereof; provided, further, that if
the Shareholders of any series or class of Shares are entitled separately to
elect one or more Trustees, a majority of the remaining Trustees or the sole
remaining Trustee elected by that series or class may fill any vacancy among the
number of Trustees elected by that series or class. Any vacancy created by an
increase in Trustees may be filled by the appointment of an individual having
the qualifications described in this ARTICLE II made by a written instrument
signed by a majority of the Trustees then in office or by a resolution of the
Trustees then in office, duly adopted and recorded in the records of the Trust,
specifying the effective date of the appointment. No vacancy shall operate to
annul this Declaration or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the
terms of this Declaration. Whenever a vacancy in the number of Trustees shall
occur, until such vacancy is filled as provided herein, the Trustees in office,
regardless of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees
and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this
Declaration.
2.5 Meetings. Meetings of the Trustees shall be held
from time to time upon the call of the Chairman, if any, or the President or any
two Trustees. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without call or
notice at a time and place fixed by the By-Laws or by resolution of the
Trustees. Notice of any other meeting shall be given by the Secretary and shall
be delivered to the Trustees orally not less than 24 hours, or in writing not
less than 72 hours, before the meeting, but may be waived in writing by any
Trustee either before or after such meeting. The attendance of a Trustee at a
meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting except where a
Trustee attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the
transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been properly
called or convened. Any time there is more than one Trustee, a quorum for all
meetings of the Trustees shall be one-third, but not less than two, of the
Trustees. Unless provided otherwise in this Declaration and except as required
under the 1940 Act, any action of the Trustees may be taken at a meeting by vote
of a majority of the Trustees present (a quorum being present) or without a
meeting by written consent
of a majority of the Trustees.
Any committee of the Trustees, including
an executive committee, if any, may act with or without a meeting. A quorum for
all meetings of any such committee shall be one-third, but not less than two, of
the members thereof. Unless provided otherwise in this
Declaration, any action of any such committee may be taken at a meeting by vote
of a majority of the members present (a quorum being present) or without a
meeting by written consent of the members.
- 3
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With respect to actions of the Trustees
and any committee of the Trustees, Trustees who are Interested Persons in any
action to be taken may be counted for quorum purposes under this Section and
shall be entitled to vote to the extent not prohibited by the 1940
Act.
All or any one or more Trustees may
participate in a meeting of the Trustees or any committee thereof by means of a
conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all
persons participating in the meeting can hear each other; participation in a
meeting pursuant to any such communications system shall constitute
presence in person at such
meeting.
2.6 Trustee
Action by Written Consent.
Any action that may be taken by Trustees by vote may be taken without a meeting
if that number of the Trustees, or members of a committee, as the case may be,
required for approval of such action at a meeting of the Trustees or of such
committee consent to the action in writing and the written consents are filed
with the records of the meetings of Trustees. Such consent shall be treated for
all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of
Trustees.
2.7 Officers. The Trustees shall elect a President,
a Secretary and a Treasurer and may elect a Chairman who shall serve at the
pleasure of the Trustees or until their successors are elected. The Trustees may
elect or appoint or may authorize the Chairman, if any, or President to appoint
such other officers or agents with such powers as the Trustees may deem to be
advisable. A Chairman shall, and the President, Secretary and Treasurer may, but
need not, be a Trustee.
ARTICLE III
POWERS AND
DUTIES OF TRUSTEES
3.1 General. The Trustees shall owe to the Trust
and its Shareholders the same fiduciary duties as owed by directors of
corporations to such corporations and their stockholders under the Delaware
General Corporation Law. The Trustees shall have exclusive and absolute control
over the Trust Property and over the business of the Trust to the same extent as
if the Trustees were the sole owners of the Trust Property and business in their
own right, but with such powers of delegation as may be permitted by this
Declaration. The Trustees may perform such acts as in their sole discretion are
proper for conducting the business of the Trust. Any action by one or more of
the Trustees in their capacity as such hereunder shall be deemed an action on
behalf of the Trust and not an action in an individual capacity. The enumeration
of any specific power herein shall not be construed as limiting the aforesaid
power. Such powers of the Trustees may be exercised without order of or resort to any
court.
3.2 Investments. The Trustees shall have power, subject
to the Fundamental Policies in effect from time to time with respect to the
Trust, to:
(a)
|
manage, conduct, operate and carry
on the business of an investment company; and
|
(b) | subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in, purchase or otherwise acquire, hold, pledge, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, distribute or otherwise deal in or dispose of any and all sorts of property, tangible or intangible, including but not limited to securities or investments of any type whatsoever, whether equity or non-equity, of any issuer, evidences of indebtedness of any person and any other rights, interests, instruments or property of any sort and to exercise any and all rights, powers and privileges of ownership or interest in respect of any and all such investments of every kind and description, including, without limitation, the right to consent and otherwise act with respect thereto, with power to designate one or more Persons to exercise any of said rights, powers and privileges in respect of any of said investments. |
The foregoing clauses shall be construed
both as objects and powers, and shall not be held to limit or restrict in any
manner the general or plenary powers of the Trustees.
3.3 Legal
Title. Legal title to all
the Trust Property shall be vested in the Trustees as joint tenants except that
the Trustees shall have power to cause legal title to any Trust Property to be
held by or in the name of one or more of the Trustees, or in the name of the
Trust, or in the name of any other Person as nominee, custodian or pledgee, on such terms as the Trustees
may determine, provided that the interest of the Trust therein is appropriately
protected.
- 4
-
The right, title and interest of the
Trustees in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in each person who may
hereafter become a Trustee upon his due election and qualification. Upon the
ceasing of any person to be a Trustee for any reason, such person shall
automatically cease to have any right, title or interest in any of the Trust
Property, and the right, title and interest of such Trustee in the Trust
Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. Such vesting and
cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have
been executed and delivered.
3.4 Issuance,
Repurchase and Redemption of Shares. The Trustees shall have the power to
issue, sell, repurchase, redeem, retire, cancel, acquire, hold, resell, reissue,
dispose of, transfer, and otherwise deal in, Shares, including Shares in
fractional denominations, and, subject to the more detailed provisions set forth
in ARTICLE VIII and ARTICLE IX, to apply to any such repurchase, redemption,
retirement, cancellation or acquisition of Shares any funds or property whether
capital or surplus or otherwise, to the full extent now or hereafter permitted
corporations formed under the Delaware General Corporation
Law.
3.5 Borrow Money
or Utilize Leverage.
Subject to the Fundamental Policies in effect from time to time with respect to
the Trust, the Trustees shall have the power to borrow money or otherwise obtain
credit or utilize leverage to the maximum extent permitted by law or regulation
as such may be needed from time to time and to secure the same by mortgaging,
pledging or otherwise subjecting as security the assets of the Trust, including
the lending of portfolio securities, and to endorse, guarantee, or undertake the
performance of any obligation, contract or engagement of any other person, firm,
association or corporation.
3.6 Delegation;
Committees. The Trustees
shall have the power, consistent with their continuing exclusive authority over
the management of the Trust and the Trust Property, to delegate from time to
time to such of their number or to officers, employees or agents of the Trust
the doing of such things, including any matters set forth in this Declaration,
and the execution of such instruments either in the name of the Trust or the
names of the Trustees or otherwise as the Trustees may deem expedient. The
Trustees may designate one or more committees which shall have all or such
lesser portion of the authority of the entire Board of Trustees as the Trustees
shall determine from time to time except to the extent action by the entire
Board of Trustees or particular Trustees is required by the 0000
Xxx.
3.7 Collection
and Payment. The Trustees
shall have power to collect all property due to the Trust; to pay all claims,
including taxes, against the Trust Property or the Trust, the Trustees or any
officer, employee or agent of the Trust; to prosecute, defend, compromise or
abandon any claims relating to the Trust Property or the Trust, or the Trustees
or any officer, employee or agent of the Trust; to foreclose any security
interest securing any obligations, by virtue of which any property is owed to
the Trust; and to enter into releases, agreements and other instruments. Except
to the extent required for a corporation formed under the Delaware General
Corporation Law, the Shareholders shall have no power to vote as to whether or
not a court action, legal proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or
maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or the
Shareholders.
3.8 Expenses. The Trustees shall have power to incur
and pay out of the assets and/or income of the Trust any expenses which in the
opinion of the Trustees are necessary, appropriate, desirable or incidental to
carry out any of the purposes of this Declaration, and the business of the
Trust, and to pay reasonable compensation from the funds of the Trust to
themselves as Trustees. The Trustees may pay themselves such compensation for
special services, including legal, underwriting, syndicating and brokerage
services, as they in good faith may deem reasonable and reimbursement for
expenses reasonably incurred by themselves on behalf of the Trust. The Trustees
shall also fix the compensation payable by the Trust to its officers and its
employees, if any.
3.9 By-Laws. The Trustees shall have the exclusive
authority to adopt and from time to time amend or repeal By-Laws for the conduct
of the business of the Trust.
3.10 Miscellaneous
Powers. The Trustees shall
have the power to: (a) employ or contract with such Persons as the Trustees
may deem desirable for the transaction of the business of the Trust;
(b) enter into joint ventures, partnerships and any other combinations or
associations; (c) purchase, and pay for out of Trust Property, insurance
policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees, agents,
investment advisors, distributors, selected dealers or independent contractors
of the Trust against all claims arising by reason of holding any such position
or by reason of any action taken or omitted by any such Person in such capacity,
whether or not constituting negligence, or whether or not the Trust would have
the power to indemnify such Person against such liability; (d) establish
pension, profit-sharing, share purchase, and other retirement, incentive and
benefit plans for any Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust;
(e) make donations, irrespective of benefit to the Trust, for charitable,
religious, educational, scientific, civic or similar purposes; (f) to the
extent permitted by law, indemnify any Person with whom the Trust has dealings,
including without limitation any advisor, administrator, manager, transfer
agent, custodian, distributor or selected dealer, or any other person as the
Trustees may see fit to such extent as the Trustees shall determine;
(g) guarantee indebtedness or contractual obligations of others;
(h) determine and change the fiscal year of the Trust and the method in
which its accounts shall be kept; (i) notwithstanding the Fundamental
Policies of the Trust, convert the Trust to a master-feeder structure; provided,
however, the Trust obtains the approval of shareholders holding at least a
majority of the Trust’s Shares present at a meeting of Shareholders at which a
quorum is present; and (j) adopt a seal for the Trust, but the absence of
such seal shall not impair the validity of any instrument executed on behalf of
the Trust.
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3.11 Further
Powers. The Trustees shall
have the power to conduct the business of the Trust and carry on its operations
in any and all of its branches and maintain offices both within and without the
State of Delaware, in any and all states of the United States of America, in the
District of Columbia, and in any and all commonwealths, territories,
dependencies, colonies, possessions, agencies or instrumentalities of the United
States of America and of foreign governments, and to do all such other things
and execute all such instruments as they deem necessary, proper or desirable in
order to promote the interests of the Trust although such things are not herein
specifically mentioned. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the
Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the
provisions of this Declaration, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of
power to the Trustees. The enumeration of any specific power in this Declaration
shall not be construed as limiting the Trustees’ powers. The Trustees will not
be required to obtain any court order to deal with the Trust
Property.
ARTICLE IV
ADVISORY,
MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS AND OTHER CONTRACTS
4.1 Advisory and
Management Arrangements.
Subject to the requirements of applicable law as in effect from time to time,
the Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into advisory,
administration or management contracts (including, in each case, one or more
sub-advisory, sub-administration or sub-management contracts) whereby the other
party to any such contract shall undertake to furnish such advisory,
administrative and management services with respect to the Trust as the Trustees
shall from time to time consider desirable and all upon such terms and
conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine. Notwithstanding
any provisions of this Declaration, the Trustees may authorize any
adviser, administrator or manager (subject to
such general or specific instructions as the Trustees may from time to time
adopt) to exercise any of the powers of the Trustees, including to effect
investment transactions with respect to the assets on behalf of the Trust to the
full extent of the power of the Trustees to effect such transactions or may
authorize any officer, employee or Trustee to effect such transactions pursuant
to recommendations of any such advisor, administrator or manager (and all
without further action by the Trustees). Any such investment transaction shall
be deemed to have been authorized by all of the Trustees.
4.2 Distribution
Arrangements. Subject to
compliance with the 1940 Act, the Trustees may retain underwriters and/or
placement agents to sell Shares and other securities of the Trust. The Trustees
may in their discretion from time to time enter into one or more contracts,
providing for the sale of securities of the Trust, whereby the Trust may either
agree to sell such securities to the other party to the contract or appoint such
other party its sales agent for such securities. In either case, the contract
shall be on such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion
determine not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article IV or any
other provision of this Declaration or the By-Laws; and such contract may also
provide for the repurchase or sale of securities of the Trust by such other
party as principal or as agent of the Trust and may provide that such other
party may enter into selected dealer agreements with registered securities
dealers and brokers and servicing and similar agreements with persons who are
not registered securities dealers to further the purposes of the distribution or
repurchase of the securities of the Trust.
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4.3 Other
Service Providers. The
Trustees may in their discretion from time to time authorize the Trust to enter
into one or more agreements whereby the other Person or Persons to any such
agreements will undertake to provide to the Trust, any series or class, or
Shareholders such services as the Trustees consider desirable and all upon such
terms and conditions as the Trustees in their discretion may
determine.
4.4 Parties to
Contract. Any contract of
the character described in Sections 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 of this
Article IV or in Article VI hereof or elsewhere in this Declaration
may be entered into with any Person, although one or more of the Trustees,
officers or employees of the Trust may be an officer, partner, director,
trustee, shareholder, or member of such other party to the contract, and no such
contract shall be invalidated or rendered voidable by reason of the existence of
any such relationship, nor shall any Person holding such relationship be liable
merely by reason of such relationship for any loss or expense to the Trust under
or by reason of said contract or accountable for any profit realized directly or
indirectly therefrom, provided that the contract when entered into was
reasonable and fair and not inconsistent with the provisions of this Declaration
or the By-Laws. The same Person may be the other party to contracts entered into
pursuant to this Declaration, and any individual may be financially interested
or otherwise affiliated with Persons who are parties to any or all of the
contracts mentioned in those sections or articles.
ARTICLE V
LIMITATIONS
OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
5.1 No Personal
Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc. No Shareholder of the Trust shall be
subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person in
connection with Trust Property or the acts, obligations or affairs of the Trust.
Shareholders shall have the same limitation of personal liability as is extended
to stockholders of a private corporation for profit incorporated under the
Delaware General Corporation Law. No Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be
subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person,
save only liability to the Trust or its Shareholders arising from bad faith,
willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard for his duty to such
Person; and, subject to the foregoing exception, all such Persons shall look
solely to the Trust Property for satisfaction of claims of any nature arising in
connection with the affairs of the Trust. If any Shareholder, Trustee or
officer, as such, of the Trust, is made a party to any suit or proceeding to
enforce any such liability, subject to the foregoing exception, he shall not, on
account thereof, be held to any personal liability. Any repeal or modification
of this Section 5.1 shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a
Trustee or officer of the Trust existing at the time of such repeal or
modification with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such repeal or
modification.
5.2 Mandatory
Indemnification.
(a) The Trust hereby agrees to indemnify each person who at any time serves
as a Trustee or officer of the Trust (each such person being an “indemnitee”) against any liabilities and expenses,
including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines
and penalties, and reasonable counsel fees reasonably incurred by such
indemnitee in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or
other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative
or investigative body in which he may be or may have been involved as a party or
otherwise or with which he may be or may have been threatened, while acting in
any capacity set forth in this Article V or by reason of his having acted
in any such capacity, except with respect to any matter as to which he shall not
have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the
best interest of the Trust or, in the case of any criminal proceeding, as to
which he shall have had reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was
unlawful, provided, however, that no indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder
against any liability to any person or any expense of such indemnitee arising by
reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross
negligence, or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his position (the conduct referred to in such clauses (i) through
(iv) being sometimes referred to herein as “disabling
conduct”). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, with respect to any action, suit or other proceeding voluntarily
prosecuted by any indemnitee as plaintiff, indemnification shall be mandatory
only if the prosecution of such action, suit or other proceeding by such
indemnitee (1) was authorized by a majority of the Trustees or (2) was instituted by
the indemnitee to enforce
his or her rights to indemnification hereunder in a case in which the indemnitee
is found to be entitled to such indemnification. The rights to indemnification
set forth in this Declaration shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be
a Trustee or officer of the Trust and shall inure to the benefit of his or her
heirs, executors and personal and legal representatives. No amendment or
restatement of this Declaration or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit
or eliminate any of the benefits provided to any person who at any time is or
was a Trustee or officer of the Trust or otherwise entitled to indemnification
hereunder in respect of any act or omission that occurred prior to such
amendment, restatement or repeal.
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(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing,
no indemnification shall be made hereunder unless there has been a determination
(i) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other body of competent
jurisdiction before whom the issue of entitlement to indemnification hereunder
was brought that such indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder or,
(ii) in the absence of such a decision, by (1) a majority vote of a
quorum of those Trustees who are neither “interested
persons” of the Trust (as
defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 0000 Xxx) nor parties to the proceeding
(“Disinterested
Non-Party Trustees”), that
the indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder, or (2) if such
quorum is not obtainable or even if obtainable, if such majority so directs,
independent legal counsel in a written opinion concludes that the indemnitee
should be entitled to indemnification hereunder. All determinations to make
advance payments in connection with the expense of defending any proceeding
shall be authorized and made in accordance with the immediately succeeding
paragraph (c) below.
(c) The Trust shall make advance
payments in connection with the expenses of defending any action with respect to
which indemnification might be sought hereunder if the Trust receives a written
affirmation by the indemnitee of the indemnitee’s good faith belief that the
standards of conduct necessary for indemnification have been met and a written
undertaking to reimburse the Trust unless it is subsequently determined that the
indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification and if a majority of the Trustees
determine that the applicable standards of conduct necessary for indemnification
appear to have been met. In addition, at least one of the following conditions
must be met: (i) the indemnitee shall provide adequate security for his
undertaking, (ii) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by
reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of the
Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, or if a majority vote of such quorum so
direct, independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall conclude, based on
a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry),
that there is substantial reason to believe that the indemnitee ultimately will
be found entitled to indemnification.
(d) The rights accruing to any
indemnitee under these provisions shall not exclude any other right that any
person may have or hereafter acquire under this Declaration, the By-Laws of the
Trust, any statute, agreement, vote of stockholders or Trustees who are
“disinterested
persons” (as defined in
Section 2(a)(19) of the 0000 Xxx) or any other right to which he or she may
be lawfully entitled.
(e) Subject to any limitations
provided by the 1940 Act and this Declaration, the Trust shall have the power
and authority to indemnify and provide for the advance payment of expenses to
employees, agents and other Persons providing services to the Trust or serving
in any capacity at the request of the Trust to the full extent corporations
organized under the Delaware General Corporation Law may indemnify or provide
for the advance payment of expenses for such Persons, provided that such
indemnification has been approved by a majority of the
Trustees.
5.3 No Bond
Required of Trustees. No
Trustee shall, as such, be obligated to give any bond or other security for the
performance of any of his duties hereunder.
5.4 No Duty of
Investigation; No Notice in Trust Instruments, etc. No purchaser, lender, transfer agent or
other person dealing with the Trustees or with any officer, employee or agent of
the Trust shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any
transaction purporting to be made by the Trustees or by said officer, employee
or agent or be liable for the application of money or property paid, loaned, or
delivered to or on the order of the Trustees or of said officer, employee or
agent. Every obligation, contract, undertaking, instrument, certificate, Share,
other security of the Trust, and every other act or thing whatsoever executed in
connection with the Trust shall be conclusively taken to have been executed or
done by the executors thereof only in their capacity as Trustees under this
Declaration or in their capacity as officers, employees or agents of the Trust.
The Trustees may maintain insurance for the protection of the Trust Property,
the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents in such amount as the
Trustees shall deem adequate to cover possible tort liability, and such other
insurance as the Trustees in their sole judgment shall deem advisable or is
required by the 1940 Act.
5.5 Reliance on
Experts, etc. Each Trustee
and officer or employee of the Trust shall, in the performance of its duties, be
fully and completely justified and protected with regard to any act or any
failure to act resulting from reliance in good faith upon the books of account
or other records of the Trust, upon an opinion of counsel, or upon reports made
to the Trust by any of the Trust’s officers or employees or by any advisor,
administrator, manager, distributor, selected dealer, accountant, appraiser or
other expert or consultant selected with reasonable care by the Trustees,
officers or employees of the Trust, regardless of whether such counsel or expert
may also be a Trustee.
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ARTICLE VI
SHARES OF
BENEFICIAL INTEREST
6.1 Beneficial
Interest. The interest of
the Shareholders hereunder shall be divided into an unlimited number of
transferable shares of beneficial interest, par value $.001 per share. All
Shares issued in accordance with the terms hereof, including, without
limitation, Shares issued in connection with a dividend payable in Shares or a
split of Shares, shall be fully paid and nonassessable when the consideration
determined by the Trustees (if any) therefore shall have been received by the
Trust.
6.2 Establishment
of Series and Classes. To
the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and any
other applicable law, the Trustees may divide, all without the approval of
Shareholders, the Shares into any number of series or classes representing
interests in the assets belonging to the Trust, each Share of each such series
and class having an equal beneficial interest as each other Share of such series
or class in such assets and identical voting, dividend, liquidation and other
rights and subject to the same terms and conditions, except that
(a) expenses allocated to a series or class may be borne solely by that
series or class as determined by the Trustees and (b) each series and class
may have exclusive voting rights with respect to matters affecting only that
series or class. The establishment and designation of each additional series or
class of Shares of the Trust shall be effective upon the adoption by a majority
of the then Trustees of a resolution that sets forth such establishment and
designation and the relative rights and preferences of such series or class of
the Trust, whether directly in such resolution or by reference to another
document including, without limitation, any Prospectus or registration statement
of the Trust, or as otherwise provided in such resolution. The Trustees may
change the name of any series or class in their sole discretion. The Trustees
may, subject to the Fundamental Policies and the requirements of the 1940 Act
and the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, authorize and issue such other securities,
including preferred shares, debt securities or other senior securities. To the
extent that the Trustees authorize and issue shares of any series or class
pursuant to this Section 6.2, they are hereby authorized and empowered to
amend or supplement this Declaration or the Trust’s Certificate of Trust as they
deem necessary or appropriate, including to comply with the requirements of the
1940 Act, the Delaware Statutory Trust Act or requirements imposed by the rating
agencies or other Persons, all without the approval of Shareholders. Any such
supplement or amendment shall be filed with the Commission as is necessary. The
Trustees are also authorized to take such actions and retain such persons as
they see fit to offer and sell such securities.
6.3 Rights of
Shareholders. The Shares
shall be personal property giving only the rights in this Declaration
specifically set forth. The ownership of the Trust Property of every description
and the right to conduct any business herein before described are vested
exclusively in the Trustees, and the Shareholders shall have no interest therein
other than the beneficial interest conferred by their Shares, and they shall
have no right to call for any partition or division of any property, profits,
rights or interests of the Trust or of any series or class nor can they be
called upon to share or assume any losses of the Trust or of any series or class
or suffer an assessment of any kind by virtue of their ownership of Shares. The
Shares shall not entitle the holder to preference, preemptive, appraisal,
conversion or exchange rights, except as the Trustees may specifically determine
with respect to any series
or class.
6.4 Trust
Only. It is the intention
of the Trustees to create only the relationship of Trustee and beneficiary
between the Trustees and each Shareholder from time to time. It is not the
intention of the Trustees to create a general partnership, limited partnership,
joint stock association, corporation, bailment or any form of legal relationship
other than a Delaware statutory trust. Nothing in this Declaration shall be
construed to make the Shareholders, either by themselves or with the Trustees,
partners or members of a
joint stock association.
6.5 Issuance of
Shares. The Trustees, in
their discretion, may from time to time without vote of the Shareholders issue
Shares, including preferred shares, that may have been established pursuant to
Section 6.2, in addition to the then issued and outstanding Shares and
Shares held in the treasury, to such party or parties and for such amount and
type of consideration, including cash or property, at such time or times, and on
such terms as the Trustees may determine, and may in such manner acquire other
assets (including the acquisition of assets subject to, and in connection with
the assumption of, liabilities) and businesses. The Trustees may from time to
time divide or combine the Shares into a greater or lesser number without
thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in such Shares.
Issuances, repurchases and redemptions of Shares may be made in whole Shares
and/or l/l,000ths of a Share or multiples thereof and/or in any other fraction
as the Trustees may determine.
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6.6 Register of
Shares. A register shall be
kept at the offices of the Trust or any transfer agent duly appointed by the
Trustees under the direction of the Trustees which shall contain the names and
addresses of the Shareholders and the number of Shares held by them respectively
and a record of all transfers thereof. Separate registers shall be established
and maintained for each series or class of Shares. Each such register shall be
conclusive as to who are the holders of the Shares of the applicable series or
class of Shares and who shall be entitled to receive dividends or distributions
or otherwise to exercise or enjoy the rights of Shareholders. No Shareholder
shall be entitled to receive payment of any dividend or distribution, nor to
have notice given to him as herein provided, until he has given his address to a
transfer agent or such other officer or agent of the Trustees as shall keep the
register for entry thereon. It is not contemplated that certificates will be
issued for the Shares; however, the Trustees, in their discretion, may authorize
the issuance of share certificates and promulgate appropriate fees therefor and
rules and regulations as to
their use.
6.7 Transfer
Agent and Registrar. The
Trustees shall have power to employ a transfer agent or transfer agents, and a
registrar or registrars, with respect to the Shares. The transfer agent or
transfer agents may keep the applicable register and record therein, the
original issues and transfers, if any, of the said Shares. Any such transfer
agents and/or registrars shall perform the duties usually performed by transfer
agents and registrars of certificates of stock in a corporation, as modified by the
Trustees.
6.8 Transfer of
Shares. Shares shall be
transferable on the records of the Trust only by the record holder thereof or by
its agent thereto duly authorized in writing, upon delivery to the Trustees or a
transfer agent of the Trust of a duly executed instrument of transfer, together
with such evidence of the genuineness of each such execution and authorization
and of other matters (including compliance with any securities laws and
contractual restrictions) as may reasonably be required. Upon such delivery the
transfer shall be recorded on the applicable register of the Trust. Until such
record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be the holder of
such Shares for all purposes hereof and neither the Trustees nor any transfer
agent or registrar nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be
affected by any notice of
the proposed transfer.
Any person becoming entitled to any
Shares in consequence of the death, bankruptcy, or incompetence of any
Shareholder, or otherwise by operation of law, shall be recorded on the
applicable register of Shares as the holder of such Shares upon production of
the proper evidence thereof to the Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust,
but until such record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be
the holder of such for all purposes hereof, and neither the Trustees nor any
transfer agent or registrar nor any officer or agent of the Trust shall be
affected by any notice of such death, bankruptcy or incompetence, or other operation of
law.
6.9 Notices. Any and all notices to which any
Shareholder hereunder may be entitled and any and all communications shall be
deemed duly served or given if mailed, postage prepaid, addressed to any
Shareholder of record at his last known address as recorded on the applicable
register of the Trust.
ARTICLE VII
CUSTODIANS
7.1 Appointment
and Duties. The Trustees
shall at all times employ a custodian or custodians, meeting the qualifications
for custodians for portfolio securities of registered management companies
contained in the 1940 Act, as custodian with respect to the assets of the Trust.
Any custodian shall have authority as agent of the Trust as determined by the
custodian agreement or agreements, but subject to such restrictions, limitations
and other requirements, if any, as may be contained in the By-Laws of the Trust
and the 1940 Act, including without limitation authority:
(1) to hold the securities owned by
the Trust and deliver the same upon written order;
(2) to receive any receipt for any
moneys due to the Trust and deposit the same in its own banking department (if a
bank) or elsewhere as the Trustees may direct;
(3) to disburse such funds upon
orders or vouchers;
(4) if authorized by the Trustees,
to keep the books and accounts of the Trust and furnish clerical and accounting
services; and
(5) if authorized to do so by the
Trustees, to compute the net income or net asset value of the
Trust;
all upon such basis of compensation as
may be agreed upon between the Trustees and the custodian.
The Trustees may also authorize each
custodian to employ one or more sub-custodians from time to time to perform such
of the acts and services of the custodian and upon such terms and conditions, as
may be agreed upon between the custodian and such sub-custodian and approved by
the Trustees, provided that in every case such sub-custodian shall meet the
qualifications for custodians contained in the 1940 Act.
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7.2 Central
Certificate System. Subject
to such rules, regulations and orders as the Commission may adopt, the Trustees
may direct the custodian to deposit all or any part of the securities
owned by the Trust in a system for the
central handling of securities established by a national securities exchange or
a national securities association registered with the Commission under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or such other Person as may be permitted by the
Commission, or otherwise in accordance with the 1940 Act, pursuant to which
system all securities of any particular class of any issuer deposited within the
system are treated as fungible and may be transferred or pledged by bookkeeping
entry without physical delivery of such securities, provided that all such
deposits shall be subject to withdrawal only upon the order of the
Trust.
ARTICLE VIII
REDEMPTIONS
AND REPURCHASES
8.1 Redemptions
and Repurchases of Shares.
Unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act, from time to time the Trust may
redeem or repurchase its Shares, all upon such terms and conditions as may be
determined by the Trustees and subject to any applicable provisions of the 1940
Act. The Trust may require Shareholders to pay a withdrawal charge, a sales
charge, or any other form of charge to the Trust, to the underwriter or to any
other person designated by the Trustees upon redemption or repurchase of Shares
in such amount as shall be determined from time to time by the Trustees. The
Trust may also charge a redemption or repurchase fee in such amount as may be
determined from time to
time by the Trustees.
8.2 Manner of
Payment. Payment of Shares
redeemed or repurchased may at the option of the Trustees or such officer or
officers as they may duly authorize for the purpose, in their complete
discretion, be made in cash, or in kind, or partially in cash and partially in
kind. In case of payment in kind the Trustees, or their delegate, shall have
absolute discretion as to what security or securities shall be distributed in
kind and the amount of same, and the securities shall be valued for purposes of
distribution at the figure at which they were appraised in computing the net
asset value of the Shares, provided that any Shareholder who cannot legally
acquire securities so distributed in kind by reason of the prohibitions of
the 1940 Act shall receive
cash.
8.3 Disclosure
of Holding. Shareholders
shall upon demand disclose to the Trustees in writing such information with
respect to direct and indirect ownership of Shares of the Trust as the Trustees
deem necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code, the 1940 Act or other
applicable laws or regulations, or to comply with the requirements of any other
taxing or regulatory authority.
ARTICLE IX
DETERMINATION
OF NET ASSET VALUE, NET INCOME AND DISTRIBUTIONS
9.1 Net Asset
Value. The net asset value
of each outstanding Share of the Trust shall be determined at such time or times
on such days as the Trustees may determine, in accordance with the 1940 Act. The
method of determination of net asset value shall be determined by the Trustees
and shall be as set forth in the Prospectus or as may otherwise be determined by
the Trustees. The power and duty to make the net asset value calculations may be
delegated by the Trustees and shall be as generally set forth in the Prospectus
or as may otherwise be
determined by the Trustees.
9.2 Distributions
to Shareholders.
(a) The Trustees shall from time to time distribute ratably among the
Shareholders of any series or class of Shares in accordance with the number of
outstanding full and fractional Shares of such series or class such proportion
of the net profits, surplus (including paid-in surplus), capital, or assets held
by the Trustees as they may deem proper or as may otherwise be determined in
accordance with this Declaration. Any such distribution may be made in cash or
property (including without limitation any type of obligations of the Trust or
any assets thereof) or Shares of any series or class and the Trustees may
distribute ratably among the Shareholders of any series or class of shares in
accordance with the number of outstanding full and fractional Shares of such
series or class additional Shares of any series or class in such manner, at such
times, and on such terms as the Trustees may deem proper or as may otherwise be
determined in accordance
with this Declaration.
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(b) Distributions pursuant to this
Section 9.2 may be among the Shareholders of record of the applicable
series or class of Shares at the time of declaring a distribution or among the
Shareholders of record at such later date as the Trustees shall determine and
specify.
(c) The Trustees may always retain
from the net profits such amount as they may deem necessary to pay the debts or
expenses of the Trust or to meet obligations of the Trust, or as they otherwise
may deem desirable to use in the conduct of its affairs or to retain for future
requirements or extensions of the business.
(d) Inasmuch as the computation of
net income and gains for federal income tax purposes may vary from the
computation thereof on the Trust’s books, the above provisions shall be
interpreted to give the Trustees the power in their discretion to distribute for
any fiscal year as ordinary dividends and as capital gain distributions,
respectively, additional amounts sufficient to enable the Trust to avoid or
reduce liability for
taxes.
9.3 Power to
Modify Foregoing Procedures. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing
provisions of this Article IX, the Trustees may prescribe, in their
absolute discretion except as may be required by the 1940 Act, such other bases
and times for determining the per share net asset value of the Trust’s Shares
and/or net income, and/or the declaration and payment of dividends and other
distributions as they may deem necessary or desirable for any reason, including
to enable the Trust to comply with any provision of the 1940 Act, or any
securities exchange or association registered under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, or any order of exemption issued by the Commission, all as in effect
now or hereafter amended or modified.
ARTICLE X
SHAREHOLDERS
10.1 Meetings of
Shareholders. The Trust
shall not be required to hold meetings annually, unless required by law.
Meetings of Shareholders may be called at any time by the Trustees, by the
Secretary whenever ordered by a majority of the Trustees or by the President and
shall be called by any Trustee or by the Secretary for any proper purpose upon
written request of Shareholders of the Trust holding in the aggregate not less
than 51% of the outstanding Shares of the Trust or series or class of Shares
having voting rights on the matter, such request specifying the purpose or
purposes for which such meeting is to be called. Any Shareholder meeting shall
be held within or without the State of Delaware on such day and at such time as
the Trustees shall designate. Any Shareholder meeting shall be called and notice
thereof and record dates therefore shall be given and set as provided in
the By-Laws.
10.2 Voting. Shareholders shall have no power to
vote on any matter except matters on which a vote of Shareholders is required by
applicable law, this Declaration or resolution of the Trustees. This Declaration
expressly provides that no matter for which voting is required by the Delaware
Statutory Trust Act in the absence of the contrary provision in the Declaration
shall require any vote. Except as otherwise provided herein, any matter required
to be submitted to Shareholders and affecting one or more series or classes of
Shares shall require approval by the required vote of all the affected series or
classes of Shares voting together as a single class; provided, however, that as
to any matter with respect to which a separate vote of any series or class of
Shares is required by the 1940 Act, such requirement as to a separate vote by
that series or class of Shares shall apply in addition to a vote of all the
affected series or classes voting together as a single class. Shareholders of a
particular series or class of Shares shall not be entitled to vote on any matter
that affects only one or more other series or classes of Shares. There shall be
no cumulative voting in the election or removal of
Trustees.
10.3 Quorum and
Required Vote. (a) The
holders of thirty percent (30%) of the Shares entitled to vote on any matter at
a meeting present in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum at such
meeting of the Shareholders for purposes of conducting business on such matter.
The absence from any meeting, in person or by proxy, of a quorum of Shareholders
for action upon any given matter shall not prevent action at such meeting upon
any other matter or matters which may properly come before the meeting, if there
shall be present thereat, in person or by proxy, a quorum of Shareholders
in respect of such other
matters.
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(b) Subject to any provision of
applicable law, this Declaration or a resolution of the Trustees specifying a
greater or a lesser vote requirement for the transaction of any item of business
at any meeting of Shareholders, (i) the affirmative vote of a majority of
the Shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the
subject matter shall be the act of the Shareholders with respect to such matter,
and (ii) where a separate vote of one or more series or classes of Shares
is required on any matter, the affirmative vote of a majority of the Shares of
such series or class of Shares present in person or represented by proxy at the
meeting shall be the act of the Shareholders of such series or class with
respect to such matter. For the election of Trustees, a plurality of the Shares
present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the election
of Trustees at the meeting
will elect Trustees.
10.4 Proxies,
etc. At any meeting of
Shareholders, any Shareholder entitled to vote thereat may vote by properly
executed proxy, provided that no proxy shall be voted at any meeting unless it
shall have been placed on file with the Secretary, or with such other officer or
agent of the Trust as the Secretary may direct, for verification prior to the
time at which such vote shall be taken. Pursuant to a resolution of a majority
of the Trustees, proxies may be solicited in the name of one or more Trustees or
one or more of the officers or employees of the Trust. No proxy shall be valid
after the expiration of 11 months from the date thereof, unless otherwise
provided in the proxy. Only Shareholders of record shall be entitled to vote.
Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is
entitled to vote, and each fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate
fractional vote on any such matter on which it is entitled to vote. When any
Share is held jointly by several persons, any one of them may vote at any
meeting in person or by proxy in respect of such Share, but if more than one of them
shall be present at such meeting in person or by proxy, and such joint owners or
their proxies so present disagree as to any vote to be cast, such vote shall not
be received in respect of such Share. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on
behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to
its exercise, and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger.
If the holder of any such Share is a minor or a person of unsound mind, and
subject to guardianship or to the legal control of any other person regarding
the charge or management of such Share, he may vote by his guardian or such
other person appointed or having such control, and such vote may be given in
person or by proxy.
10.5 Inspection
of Records. The records of
the Trust shall be open to inspection by Shareholders to the same extent as is
permitted shareholders of a corporation formed under the Delaware General
Corporation Law.
10.6 Shareholder
Action by Written Consent.
Any action that may be taken by Shareholders by vote may be taken without a
meeting if the holders entitled to vote thereon of the proportion of Shares
required for approval of such action at a meeting of Shareholders pursuant to
Section 10.3 consent to the action in writing and the written consents are
filed with the records of the meetings of Shareholders. Such consent shall be
treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of
Shareholders.
ARTICLE XI
DURATION;
TERMINATION OF TRUST; AMENDMENT; REORGANIZATIONS, ETC.
11.1 Duration. Subject to possible termination in
accordance with the provisions of Section 11.2 hereof, the Trust created
hereby shall have perpetual
existence.
11.2 Termination. (a) The Trust may be terminated,
only upon approval of not less than 80% of the Trustees and 80% of the
Continuing Trustees. Upon
the termination of the Trust:
(i) The Trust shall carry on no
business except for the purpose of winding up its
affairs.
(ii) The Trustees shall proceed to
wind up the affairs of the Trust and all of the powers of the Trustees under
this Declaration shall continue until the affairs of the Trust shall have been
wound up, including the power to fulfill or discharge the contracts of the
Trust, collect its assets, sell, convey, assign, exchange, merge where the Trust
is not the survivor, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the
remaining Trust Property to one or more Persons at public or private sale for
consideration which may consist in whole or in part in cash, securities or other
property of any kind, discharge or pay its liabilities, and do all other acts
appropriate to liquidate its business; provided that any sale, conveyance,
assignment, exchange, merger in which the Trust is not the survivor, transfer or
other disposition of all or substantially all the Trust Property of the Trust
shall require approval of the principal terms of the transaction and the nature
and amount of the consideration by Shareholders with the same vote as required
to open-end the Trust.
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(iii) After paying or adequately
providing for the payment of all liabilities, and upon receipt of such releases,
indemnities and refunding agreements, as they deem necessary for their
protection, the Trustees may distribute the remaining Trust Property, in cash or
in kind or partly each, among the Shareholders according to their respective
rights.
(b) After the winding up and
termination of the Trust and distribution to the Shareholders as herein
provided, a majority of the Trustees shall execute and lodge among the records
of the Trust an instrument in writing setting forth the fact of such termination
and shall execute and file a certificate of cancellation with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware. Upon termination of the Trust, the Trustees
shall thereupon be discharged from all further liabilities and duties hereunder,
and the rights and interests of all Shareholders shall thereupon
cease.
11.3 Amendment
Procedure. (a) The
Trustees may, without any Shareholder vote, amend or otherwise supplement this
Declaration by making an amendment, a Declaration supplemental hereto or an
amended and restated declaration; provided, that Shareholders shall have the
right to vote on any amendment (i) that would affect the voting rights of
Shareholders granted in Section 10.2, (ii) to this Section 11.3,
(iii) as set forth in Section 11.6 or Section 11.7,
(iv) required to be approved by Shareholders by law or by the Trust’s
registration statement(s) filed with the Commission and (v) that is
submitted to them by the Trustees in their sole discretion. Any amendment
submitted to Shareholders that the Trustees determine would affect the
Shareholders of any series or class shall be authorized by vote of the
Shareholders of such series or class, and no vote shall be required of
Shareholders of a series or class not affected. Notwithstanding anything else
herein, any amendment to Article V that would have the effect of reducing
the indemnification and other rights provided thereby to any indemnitee of the
Trust or to Shareholders or former Shareholders, and any repeal or amendment of`
this sentence, shall each require the affirmative vote of the holders of
two-thirds of the outstanding Shares of the Trust entitled to vote
thereon.
(b) An amendment duly adopted by
the requisite vote of the Board of Trustees and, if required, the Shareholders
as aforesaid, shall become effective at the time of such adoption or at such
other time as may be designated by the Board of Trustees or Shareholders, as the
case may be. A certification in recordable form signed by a majority of the
Trustees setting forth an amendment and reciting that it was duly adopted by the
Trustees and, if required, the Shareholders as aforesaid, or a copy of the
Declaration, as amended, in recordable form, and executed by a majority of the
Trustees, shall be conclusive evidence of such amendment when lodged among the
records of the Trust or at such other time designated by the
Board.
Notwithstanding any other provision
hereof, until such time as a Registration Statement under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, covering the first offering of Shares of the Trust shall have
become effective, this Declaration may be terminated or amended in any respect
by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees or by an instrument
signed by a majority of the
Trustees.
11.4 Reorganizations. (a) Notwithstanding anything else
contained herein but subject to applicable federal and state law and except as
provided in Section 11.7, the Trustees may, without any Shareholder vote or
approval, only upon approval of not less than 80% of the Trustees and
80% of the Continuing
Trustees:
(i) sell and convey all or
substantially all of the assets of the Trust (or a segregated portfolio of
assets thereof) to another entity that is a closed-end management company as
defined in the 1940 Act for adequate consideration, which may include the
assumption of all outstanding taxes and other liabilities, accrued or
contingent, of the Trust and which may include shares of or interests in such
entity;
(ii) at any time sell and convert
into money all or substantially all of the assets of the
Trust;
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(iii) cause the Trust to merge or
consolidate with or into, or be reorganized as, another trust, or a corporation,
partnership, limited liability company, association or other organization,
organized under the laws of Delaware or any other jurisdiction or a segregated
portfolio of assets of any of the foregoing (each an “Entity”), if the surviving or resulting Entity
is the Trust or another registered closed-end management company as defined in
the 1940 Act (or a segregated portfolio of assets of such other management
company);
(iv) cause the Trust to merge or
consolidate with or into, or be reorganized as, a newly organized Entity in a
transaction or series of transactions intended to qualify as a reorganization
under Section 368(a)(1)(F) of the Code, or a successor
provision;
(v) cause the Trust to incorporate
under the laws of Delaware or any other jurisdiction;
and/or
(vi) cause to be organized, or
assist in organizing, an Entity to acquire all or part of the Trust Property or
to carry on any business in which the Trust directly or indirectly has any
interest and to sell, convey and transfer all or part of the Trust Property to
any such Entity in exchange for shares or other equity securities thereof or
otherwise and to lend money to, subscribe for the shares or other equity
securities of and enter into any contracts with any such
Entity.
The Trustees shall provide written
notice to affected Shareholders of any transaction described in this
Section 11.4. The transactions described in this Section 11.4 may be
effected through share-for-share exchanges, transfers or sales of assets,
shareholder in-kind redemptions and purchases, exchange offers or any other
method the Trustees approve.
(b) Upon making reasonable
provision for the payment of all known liabilities of the Trust as described in
either subparagraph (i) or (ii) of Section 11.4(a), by such
assumption or otherwise, the Trustees shall distribute the remaining proceeds or
assets (as the case may be) ratably among the Shareholders of the Trust;
however, the payment to any particular series or class may be reduced by any
fees, expenses or charges allocated to that class. Upon completion of the
distribution of the remaining proceeds or assets pursuant to subparagraph
(i) or (ii) above, the Trust shall terminate as set forth in
Section 11.2 and the Trustees and the Trust shall be discharged of any and
all further liabilities and duties hereunder with respect thereto and the right,
title and interest of all parties therein shall be canceled and discharged. Upon
termination of the Trust as set forth in Section 11.2, following completion
of winding up of its business, the Trustees shall cause a certificate of
cancellation of the Trust’s certificate of trust to be filed in accordance with
the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, which certificate of cancellation
may be signed by any one
Trustee.
(c) Any agreement of merger or
consolidation or certificate of merger may be signed by a majority of Trustees,
and facsimile signatures conveyed by electronic or telecommunication means shall
be valid. Pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Section 3815(f)
of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, an agreement of merger, consolidation or
sale of assets approved by the Trustees in accordance with this Section 11.4 may effect any
amendment to the
Declaration or effect the adoption of a new declaration of the Trust if it is
the surviving or resulting trust in the merger or consolidation.
11.5 Subsidiaries. Without approval by Shareholders, the
Trustees may cause to be organized or assist in organizing one or more
corporations, trusts, limited liability companies, partnerships, associations or
other organizations to take over all of the Trust Property or to carry on any
business in which the Trust shall directly or indirectly have any interest, and
to sell, convey and transfer all or a portion of the Trust Property to any such
corporation, trust, limited liability company, partnership, association or
organization in exchange for the shares or securities thereof, or otherwise, and
to lend money to, subscribe for the shares or securities of, and enter into any
contracts with any such corporation, trust, limited liability company,
partnership, association or organization, or any corporation, trust, limited
liability company, partnership, association or organization in which the Trust
holds or is about to acquire shares or any other
interests.
11.6 Conversion. Notwithstanding any other provisions
of this Declaration or the By-Laws of the Trust, a favorable vote of a majority
of the Trustees then in office followed by the favorable vote of the holders of
not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the Shares of each affected series
or class outstanding, voting as separate series or classes, shall be required to
approve, adopt or authorize an amendment to this Declaration that makes the
Shares a “redeemable
security” as that term is
defined in the 1940 Act, unless such amendment has been approved by 80% of the
Trustees and 80% of the Continuing Trustees, in which case approval by a
Majority Shareholder Vote shall be required. Upon the adoption of a proposal to
convert the Trust from a “closed-end
company” to an “open-end
company” as those terms are
defined by the 1940 Act and the necessary amendments to this Declaration to
permit such a conversion of the Trust’s outstanding Shares entitled to vote, the
Trust shall, upon complying with any requirements of the 1940 Act and state law,
become an “open-end” investment company. Such affirmative
vote or consent shall be in addition to the vote or consent of the holders of
the Shares otherwise required by law, or any agreement between the Trust and any
national securities exchange.
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11.7 Certain
Transactions.
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Declaration and subject to
the exceptions provided in paragraph (d) of this Section 11.7, the
types of transactions described in paragraph (c) of this Section 11.7
shall require the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the Trustees then
in office followed by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than
seventy-five percent (75%) of the Shares of each affected series or class
outstanding, voting as separate series or classes, when a Principal Shareholder
(as defined in paragraph (b) of this Section 11.7) is a party to the
transaction. Such affirmative vote or consent shall be in addition to the vote
or consent of the holders of Shares otherwise required by law or by the terms of
any series or class of preferred shares, whether now or hereafter authorized, or
any agreement between the Trust and any national securities
exchange.
(b) The term “Principal
Shareholder” shall mean any
corporation, Person or other entity that is the beneficial owner, directly or
indirectly, of five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding Shares of all
outstanding classes and shall include any “affiliate” or “associate” as those terms are defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, of a Principal Shareholder. For the purposes of this
Section 11.7, in addition to the Shares that a corporation, Person or other
entity beneficially owns directly, (a) any corporation, Person or other
entity shall be deemed to be the beneficial owner of any Shares (i) that it
has the right to acquire pursuant to any agreement or upon exercise of
conversion rights or warrants, or otherwise (but excluding share options granted
by the Trust) or (ii) that are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly
(including Shares deemed owned through application of clause (i) above), by
any other corporation, Person or entity with which its “affiliate” or “associate” has any agreement, arrangement or
understanding for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of
Shares, or that is its “affiliate” or “associate,” and (b) the outstanding Shares
shall include Shares deemed owned through application of clauses (i) and
(ii) above but shall not include any other Shares that may be issuable
pursuant to any agreement, or upon exercise of conversion rights or warrants, or
otherwise.
(c) This Section 11.7 shall
apply to the following
transactions:
(i) The merger or consolidation of
the Trust or any subsidiary of the Trust with or into any Principal
Shareholder.
(ii) The issuance of any securities
of the Trust to any Principal Shareholder for cash (other than pursuant to any
automatic dividend reinvestment plan).
(iii) The sale, lease or exchange
of all or any substantial part of the assets of the Trust to any Principal
Shareholder (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than 2%
of the total assets of the Trust, aggregating for the purpose of such
computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar
transactions within a twelve-month period.)
(iv) The sale, lease or exchange to
the Trust or any subsidiary thereof, in exchange for securities of the Trust, of
any assets of any Principal Shareholder (except assets having an aggregate fair
market value of less than 2% of the total assets of the Trust, aggregating for
the purposes of such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any
series of similar transactions within a twelve-month
period).
(d) The provisions of this
Section 11.7 shall not be applicable to (i) any of the transactions
described in paragraph (c) of this Section 11.7 if 80% of the Trustees
and 80% of the Continuing Trustees shall by resolution have approved a
memorandum of understanding with such Principal Shareholder with respect to and
substantially consistent with such transaction, in which case approval by a
Majority Shareholder Vote shall be the only vote of Shareholders required by
this Section 11.7, or (ii) any such transaction with any entity of
which a majority of the outstanding shares of all series and classes of a stock
normally entitled to vote in elections of directors is owned of record or
beneficially by the Trust and its subsidiaries.
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(e) The Board of Trustees shall
have the power and duty to determine for the purposes of this Section 11.7
on the basis of information known to the Trust whether (i) a corporation,
person or entity beneficially owns five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding
Shares of any series or class, (ii) a corporation, person or entity is an
“affiliate” or “associate” (as defined above) of another,
(iii) the assets being acquired or leased to or by the Trust or any
subsidiary thereof constitute a substantial part of the assets of the Trust and
have an aggregate fair market value of less than 2% of the total assets of the
Trust, and (iv) the memorandum of understanding referred to in paragraph
(d) hereof is substantially consistent with the transaction covered
thereby. Any such determination shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes
of this Section 11.7.
ARTICLE XII
MISCELLANEOUS
12.1 Filing. (a) This Declaration and any
amendment or supplement hereto shall be filed in such places as may be required
or as the Trustees deem appropriate. Each amendment or supplement, other than an
amendment or supplement adopted pursuant to Section 6.2, shall be
accompanied by a certificate signed and acknowledged by a Trustee stating that
such action was duly taken in a manner provided herein, and each amendment or
supplement to the Declaration shall, upon insertion in the Trust’s minute book,
be conclusive evidence of all amendments contained therein. A restated
Declaration, containing the original Declaration and all amendments and
supplements theretofore made, may be executed from time to time by a majority of
the Trustees and shall, upon insertion in the Trust’s minute book, be conclusive
evidence of all amendments and supplements contained therein and may thereafter
be referred to in lieu of the original Declaration and the various
amendments and supplements
thereto.
(b) The Trustees hereby authorize
and direct a Certificate of Trust, in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit A, to be executed and filed with the Office of the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware in accordance with the Delaware Statutory Trust
Act.
12.2 Resident
Agent. The Trust shall
maintain a resident agent in the State of Delaware, which agent shall initially
be PARASEC, 00
Xxxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, 00000. The Trustees may designate a successor
resident agent, provided, however, that such appointment shall not become
effective until written notice thereof is delivered to the Office of the
Secretary of the State.
12.3 Applicable
Law. This Declaration and
the Trust created hereunder are governed by and administered according to the
Delaware Statutory Trust Act and the applicable laws of the State of Delaware;
provided, however, that there shall not be applicable to the Trust, the Trustees
or this Declaration (a) the provisions of Section 3540 of Title 12 of
the Delaware Code, or (b) any provision of the laws (statutory or common)
of the State of Delaware (other than the Delaware Statutory Trust Act)
pertaining to trusts that relates to or regulates (i) the filing with any
court or governmental body
or agency of trustee accounts or schedules of trustee fees and charges,
(ii) affirmative requirements to post bonds for trustees, officers, agents
or employees of a trust, (iii) the necessity for obtaining court or other
governmental approval concerning the acquisition, holding or disposition of real
or personal property, (iv) fees or other sums payable to trustees,
officers, agents or employees of a trust, (v) the allocation of receipts
and expenditures to income or principal, (vi) restrictions or limitations
on the permissible nature, amount or concentration of trust investments or
requirements relating to the titling, storage or other manner of holding of
trust assets, or (vii) the establishment of fiduciary or other standards of
responsibilities or limitations on the acts or powers of trustees, which are
inconsistent with the limitations or liabilities or authorities and powers of
the Trustees set forth or referenced in this Declaration. Without limiting the
provisions hereof, the Trust and the Trustees may exercise all powers that are
ordinarily exercised by a trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act. The
Trust specifically reserves the right to exercise any of the powers or
privileges afforded to trusts or actions that may be engaged in by trusts under
the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, and the absence of a specific reference herein
to any such power, privilege or action shall not imply that the Trust or the
Trustees may not exercise such power or privilege or take such actions.
Additionally, reference shall be specifically made to the Delaware General
Corporation Law as to the construction of matters not specifically covered
herein or in the Delaware Statutory Trust Act or as to which an ambiguity
exists, although such law shall not be viewed as limiting the powers otherwise
granted to the Trustees hereunder and any ambiguity shall be viewed in favor of
such powers.
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12.4 Counterparts. This Declaration may be simultaneously
executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an
original, and such counterparts, together, shall constitute one and the same
instrument, which shall be sufficiently evidenced by any such original
counterpart.
12.5 Reliance by
Third Parties. Any
certificate executed by an individual who, according to the records of the
Trust, or of any recording office in which this Declaration may be recorded,
appears to be a Trustee hereunder, certifying to: (a) the number or
identity of Trustees or Shareholders, (b) the name of the Trust,
(c) the due authorization of the execution of any instrument or writing,
(d) the form of any vote passed at a meeting of Trustees or Shareholders,
(e) the fact that the number of Trustees or Shareholders present at any
meeting or executing any written instrument satisfies the requirements of this
Declaration, (f) the form of any By-Laws adopted by or the identity of any
officers elected by the Trustees, or (g) the existence of any fact or facts
that in any manner relate to the affairs of the Trust shall be conclusive
evidence as to the matters so certified in favor of any person dealing with
the Trustees and their
successors.
12.6 Provisions
in Conflict with Law or Regulation. (a) The provisions of this
Declaration are severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice
of counsel, that any of such provisions is in conflict with the 1940 Act, the
regulated investment company provisions of the Code or with other applicable
laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have
constituted a part of this Declaration; provided, however, that such
determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of this
Declaration or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to
such determination.
(b) If any provision of this
Declaration shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such
invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such
jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other
jurisdiction or any other provision of this Declaration in any
jurisdiction.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has
caused this Agreement and Declaration of Trust to be executed as of the date
first written above.
Damian
Xxxx Xxxxxx,
Trustee
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EVOLUTION INVESTMENT
TRUST
BY-LAWS
Dated as of September 10, 2008
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Page
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ARTICLE I Shareholder
Meetings
|
1
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1.1
Chairman
|
1
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1.2 Proxies;
Voting
|
1
|
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1.3 Notice of Meeting and Record
Date
|
1
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|||
1.4 Inspectors of
Election
|
1
|
|||
1.5 Records at Shareholder
Meetings
|
1
|
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1.6
Nominations
|
2
|
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1.7 Shareholder
Proposals
|
2
|
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ARTICLE II
Trustees
|
2
|
|||
2.1
Meetings
|
2
|
|||
2.2 Chairman;
Records
|
2
|
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ARTICLE III
Officers
|
3
|
|||
3.1 Officers of the
Trust
|
3
|
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3.2 Election and
Tenure
|
3
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3.3 Removal of
Officers
|
3
|
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3.4 Bonds and
Surety
|
3
|
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3.5 President and Vice
Presidents
|
3
|
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3.6
Secretary
|
3
|
|||
3.7
Treasurer
|
3
|
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3.8 Other Officers and
Duties
|
4
|
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ARTICLE IV
Miscellaneous
|
4
|
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4.1
Depositories
|
4
|
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4.2
Signatures
|
4
|
|||
4.3 Seal
|
4
|
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4.4 Reports
|
4
|
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ARTICLE V Stock
Transfers
|
4
|
|||
5.1 Transfer Agents, Registrars
and the Like
|
4
|
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5.2 Transfer of
Shares
|
4
|
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5.3 Registered
Shareholders
|
5
|
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ARTICLE VI Amendment and Repeal of
By-Laws
|
5
|
EVOLUTION
INVESTMENT TRUS
BY-LAWS
These By-Laws are made and adopted
pursuant to Section 3.9 of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust
establishing Evolution
Investment
Trust dated as
of the date hereof, as from time to time amended (hereinafter called the
“Declaration”). All words and terms capitalized in
these By-Laws shall have the meaning or meanings set forth for such words or
terms in the Declaration.
ARTICLE I
Shareholder
Meetings
1.1
Chairman of
the Meeting. The chairman
of the Board, if any, shall act as chairman at all meetings of the Shareholders;
in the chairman’s absence, the Trustee or Trustees present at each meeting shall
elect a temporary chairman for the meeting, who may be one of themselves (any
such individual presiding at shareholder meetings hereinafter referred to as the
“Chairman of the
Meeting”).
1.2 Proxies;
Voting. Shareholders may
vote either in person or by duly executed proxy and each full share represented
at the meeting shall have one vote, all as provided in Article 10 of the
Declaration.
1.3
Notice of
Meeting and Record Date.
Notice of all meetings of Shareholders, stating the time, place and purposes of
the meeting, shall be given by the Trustees by mail to each Shareholder of
record entitled to vote thereat at its registered address, mailed at least
10 days and not more than 120 days before the meeting or otherwise in
compliance with applicable law. Any adjourned meeting may be held as adjourned
one or more times without further notice, but not later than 120 days after
the record date. For the purposes of determining the Shareholders who are
entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting the Trustees may, without
closing the transfer books, fix a date not more than 120 nor less than
10 days prior to the date of such meeting of Shareholders as a record date
for the determination of the Persons to be treated as Shareholders of record for such
purposes.
For the purpose of determining the
Shareholders who are entitled to participate in any dividends, or for any other
proper purpose, the Trustees may from time to time, without closing the transfer
books, fix a record date in the manner provided in Section 1.3 hereunder.
If the Trustees do not prior to any meeting of Shareholders so fix a record date
or close the transfer books, then the date of mailing notice of the meeting or
the date upon which the dividend resolution is adopted, as the case
may be, shall be the record
date.
1.4 Inspectors
of Election. In advance of
any meeting of Shareholders, the Trustees may appoint Inspectors of Election to
act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. If Inspectors of Election are not
so appointed, the Chairman of the Meeting, if any, of any meeting of
Shareholders may, and on the request of any Shareholder or Shareholder proxy
shall, appoint Inspectors of Election of the meeting. The number of Inspectors
of Election shall be either one or three. If appointed at the meeting on the
request of one or more Shareholders or proxies, a majority of Shares present
shall determine whether one or three Inspectors of Election are to be appointed,
but failure to allow such determination by the Shareholders shall not affect the
validity of the appointment of Inspectors of Election. In case any person
appointed as Inspector of Election fails to appear or fails or refuses to act,
the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the Trustees in advance of the
convening of the meeting or at the meeting by the Chairman of the Meeting. The
Inspectors of Election shall determine the number of Shares outstanding, the
Shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the authenticity,
validity and effect of proxies, shall receive votes, ballots or consents, shall
hear and determine all challenges and questions in any way arising in connection
with the right to vote, shall count and tabulate all votes or consents,
determine the results, and do such other acts as may be proper to conduct the
election or vote with fairness to all Shareholders. If there are three
Inspectors of Election, the decision, act or certificate of a majority is
effective in all respects as the decision, act or certificate of all. On request
of the Chairman of the Meeting, or of any Shareholder or Shareholder proxy, the
Inspectors of Election shall make a report in writing of any challenge or
question or matter determined by them and shall execute a certificate of any
facts found by them.
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1.5
Records at
Shareholder Meetings. At
each meeting of the Shareholders, there shall be made available for inspection
at a convenient time and place during normal business hours, if requested by
Shareholders, the minutes of the last meeting of Shareholders of the Trust and a
list of the Shareholders of
the Trust, as of the record date of the meeting or the date of
closing of transfer books, as the case may be. Such list of Shareholders shall
contain the name and the address of each Shareholder in alphabetical order and
the number of Shares owned by such Shareholder. Shareholders shall have such
other rights and procedures of inspection of the books and records of the Trust
as are granted to shareholders of a Delaware business
corporation.
1.6. Nominations. Subject to the rights of Shareholders
of any class or series of share having a preference over the Trust’s common
shares as to dividends or upon liquidation who will be the only Shareholders
entitled to nominate trustees elected by such class or series, nominations for
the election of trustees may be made by the Board of Trustees or a committee
appointed by the Board of Trustees or by any Shareholder entitled to vote in the
election of trustees. However, any Shareholder entitled to vote in the election
of trustees at a meeting may nominate a trustee in accordance with procedures
set by the Board of Trustees or if there are none, then by notice in writing
delivered or mailed by first class United States mail, postage prepaid, to the
Secretary of the Trust, and received by the Secretary no later than the close of
business on the seventh day following the date on which notice of a meeting is
first given to Shareholders. Each such notice shall set forth: (a) the name
and address of the Shareholder who intends to make the nomination and of the
person or persons to be nominated; (b) a representation that the
Shareholder is a holder of record or beneficial owner of shares of the Trust
entitled to vote at such meeting (together with such proof thereof as would meet
the requirements for proposals that are to be included in the Trust’s proxy
statements pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, or any successor to such Rule) and intends to appear in person
or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the
notice; (c) the class and number of shares held of record, owned
beneficially and represented by proxy by such Shareholder as of the record date
for the meeting (if such date shall then have been made publicly available) and
as of the date of such notice. The Chairman of the Meeting may refuse to
acknowledge a nomination by any Shareholder that is not made in
compliance with the
foregoing procedure.
1.7
Shareholder
Proposals. Any Shareholder
who is entitled to vote in the election of trustees and who meets the
requirements of the proxy rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, may submit to the Board of Trustees proposals to be considered for
submission to the Shareholders of the Trust for their vote. The introduction of
any Shareholder proposal that the Board of Trustees decides should be voted on
by the Shareholders of the Trust, shall be made by notice in writing delivered
or mailed by first class United States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary
of the Trust, and received by the Secretary no later than the close of business
on the seventh day following the date on which notice of a meeting is first
given to Shareholders. Each such notice shall set forth: (a) the proposal
to be introduced; (b) the name and address of the Shareholder who intends
to make the proposal; (c) a representation that the Shareholder is a holder
of record or beneficial owner of Shares of the Trust entitled to vote at such
meeting (together with such proof thereof as would meet the requirements for
proposals that are to be included in the Trust’s proxy statements pursuant to
Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any
successor to such Rule) and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the
meeting to introduce the proposal or proposals, specified in the notice; and
(d) the class and number of Shares held of record, owned beneficially and
represented by proxy by such Shareholder as of the record date for the meeting
(if such date shall then have been made publicly available) and as of the date
of such notice. The Chairman of the Meeting may refuse to acknowledge the
introduction of any Shareholder proposal not made in compliance with the
foregoing procedure.
ARTICLE II
TRUSTEES
2.1
Meetings. Meetings of the Trustees shall be held
from time to time upon the call of the Chairman, if any, the President, the
Secretary or any two Trustees. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held
without call or notice and shall generally be held quarterly. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the Board of
Trustees need be stated in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting, and
no notice need be given of action proposed to be taken by written
consent.
2.2
Chairman;
Records. The Chairman, if
any, shall act as chairman at all meetings of the Trustees; in absence of a
chairman, the Trustees present shall elect one of their number to act as
temporary chairman. The results of all actions taken at a meeting of the
Trustees, or by written consent of the Trustees, shall be recorded by the person
appointed by the Board of Trustees as the meeting
secretary.
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ARTICLE III
OFFICERS
3.1
Officers of
the Trust. The officers of
the Trust shall consist of a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other
officers or assistant officers as may be elected or authorized by the Trustees.
Any two or more of the offices may be held by the same Person, except that the
same person may not be both President and Secretary. No officer of the Trust need be a
Trustee.
3.2
Election and
Tenure. At the initial
organization meeting or by written consent in lieu thereof, the Trustee(s) shall
elect the Chairman, if any, President, Secretary, Treasurer and such other
officers as the Trustees shall deem necessary or appropriate in order to carry
out the business of the Trust. Such officers shall serve at the pleasure of the
Trustees or until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. The
Trustees may fill any vacancy in office or add any additional officers at any
time.
3.3
Removal of
Officers. Any officer may
be removed at any time, with or without cause, by action of a majority of the
Trustees. This provision shall not prevent the making of a contract of
employment for a definite term with any officer and shall have no effect upon
any cause of action that any officer may have as a result of removal in breach
of a contract of employment. Any officer may resign at any time by notice in
writing signed by such officer and delivered or mailed to the Chairman, if any,
President, or Secretary, and such resignation shall take effect immediately upon
receipt by the Chairman, if any, President, or Secretary, or at a later date
according to the terms of
such notice in writing.
3.4
Bonds
and Surety. Any officer may
be required by the Trustees to be bonded for the faithful performance of such
officer’s duties in such amount and with such sureties as the Trustees may
determine.
3.5
President
and Vice Presidents. The
President shall be the chief executive officer of the Trust and, subject to the
control of the Trustees, shall have general supervision, direction and control
of the business of the Trust and of its employees and shall exercise such
general powers of management as are usually vested in the office of President of
a corporation. Subject to direction of the Trustees, the President shall have
power in the name and on behalf of the Trust to execute any and all loans,
documents, contracts, agreements, deeds, mortgages, registration statements,
applications, requests, filings and other instruments in writing, and to employ
and discharge employees and agents of the Trust. Unless otherwise directed by
the Trustees, the President shall have full authority and power, on behalf of
all of the Trustees, to attend and to act and to vote, on behalf of the Trust at
any meetings of business organizations in which the Trust holds an interest, or
to confer such powers upon any other persons, by executing any proxies duly
authorizing such persons. The President shall have such further authorities and
duties as the Trustees shall from time to time determine. In the absence or
disability of the President, the Vice-Presidents in order of their rank as fixed
by the Trustees or, if more than one and not ranked, the Vice-President
designated by the Trustees, shall perform all of the duties of the President,
and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all of the
restrictions upon the President. Subject to the direction of the Trustees, and
of the President, each Vice-President shall have the power in the name and on
behalf of the Trust to execute any and all instruments in writing, and, in
addition, shall have such other duties and powers as shall be designated from
time to time by the
Trustees or by the President.
3.6
Secretary. The Secretary shall maintain the
minutes of all meetings of, and record all votes of, Shareholders, Trustees and
the Executive Committee, if any. The Secretary shall be custodian of the seal of
the Trust, if any, and the Secretary (and any other person so authorized by the
Trustees) shall affix the seal, or if permitted, facsimile thereof, to any
instrument executed by the Trust that would be sealed by a Delaware business
corporation executing the same or a similar instrument and shall attest the seal
and the signature or signatures of the officer or officers executing such
instrument on behalf of the Trust. The Secretary shall also perform any other
duties commonly incident to such office in a Delaware business corporation and
shall have such other authorities and duties as the Trustees shall from time to time
determine.
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3.7
Treasurer. Except as otherwise directed by the
Trustees, the Treasurer shall have the general supervision of the monies, funds,
securities, notes receivable and other valuable papers and documents of the
Trust, and shall have and exercise under the supervision of the Trustees and of
the President all powers and duties normally incident to the office. The
Treasurer may endorse for deposit or collection all notes, checks and other instruments
payable to the Trust or to
its order. The Treasurer shall deposit all funds of the Trust in such
depositories as the Trustees shall designate. The Treasurer shall be responsible
for such disbursement of the funds of the Trust as may be ordered by the
Trustees or the President. The Treasurer shall keep accurate account of the
books of the Trust’s transactions, which shall be the property of the Trust and
which together with all other property of the Trust in the Treasurer’s
possession, shall be subject at all times to the inspection and control of the
Trustees. Unless the Trustees shall otherwise determine, the Treasurer shall be
the principal accounting officer of the Trust and shall also be the principal
financial officer of the Trust. The Treasurer shall have such other duties and
authorities as the Trustees shall from time to time determine. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein contained, the Trustees may authorize any
adviser, administrator, manager or transfer agent to maintain bank accounts and
deposit and disburse funds of the Trust (or series or class thereof) on behalf
of the Trust (or series or
class thereof).
3.8
Other
Officers and Duties. The
Trustees may elect such other officers and assistant officers as they shall from
time to time determine to be necessary or desirable in order to conduct the
business of the Trust. Assistant officers shall act generally in the absence of
the officer whom they assist and shall assist that officer in the duties of the
office. Each officer, employee and agent of the Trust shall have such other
duties and authority as may be conferred upon such person by the Trustees or
delegated to such person by the President.
ARTICLE IV
MISCELLANEOUS
4.1
Depositories. In accordance with Section 7.1 of
the Declaration, the funds of the Trust shall be deposited with such custodians
as the Trustees shall designate and shall be drawn out on checks, drafts or
other orders signed by such officer, officers, agent or agents (including the
adviser, administrator or manager), as the Trustees may from time to time
authorize.
4.2
Signatures. All contracts and other instruments
shall be executed on behalf of the Trust by its properly authorized officers,
agent or agents, as provided in the Declaration or By-Laws or as the Trustees
may from time to time by
resolution provide.
4.3
Seal. The Trust is not required to have any
seal, and the adoption or use of a seal shall be purely ornamental and be of no
legal effect. The seal, if any, of the Trust may be affixed to any instrument,
and the seal and its attestation may be lithographed, engraved or otherwise
printed on any document with the same force and effect as if it had been
imprinted and affixed manually in the same manner and with the same force and
effect as if done by a Delaware business corporation. The presence or absence of
a seal shall have no effect on the validity, enforceability or binding nature of
any document or instrument that is otherwise duly authorized, executed and
delivered.
4.4
Reports. The Trustees shall cause financial
statements to be prepared at least annually and more frequently to the extent
and in the form required by law, regulation or any exchange on which Trust
Shares are listed. Copies of such statements shall be mailed to all Shareholders
of record within the time required by the 1940 Act.
ARTICLE V
STOCK
TRANSFERS
5.1
Transfer
Agents, Registrars and the Like. As provided in Section 6.7 of the
Declaration, the Trustees shall have authority to employ and compensate such
transfer agents and registrars with respect to the Shares of the Trust as the
Trustees shall deem necessary or desirable. In addition, the Trustees shall have
power to employ and compensate such dividend disbursing agents, warrant agents
and agents for the reinvestment of dividends as they shall deem necessary or
desirable. Any of such agents shall have such power and authority as is
delegated to any of them by the Trustees.
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5.2
Transfer of
Shares. The Shares of the
Trust shall be transferable on the books of the Trust only upon delivery to the
Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust of proper documentation as provided in Section 6.8 of the
Declaration. The Trust, or
its transfer agents, shall be authorized to refuse any transfer unless and until
presentation of such evidence as may be reasonably required to show that
the requested transfer is
proper.
5.3
Registered
Shareholders. The Trust may
deem and treat the holder of record of any Shares as the absolute owner thereof
for all purposes and shall not be required to take any notice of any right or
claim of right of any other person.
ARTICLE VI
AMENDMENT
AND REPEAL OF BY-LAWS
In accordance with
Section 3.9 of the Declaration, the Trustees shall have the exclusive power
to amend or repeal the By-Laws or adopt new By-Laws at any time. Action by the
Trustees with respect to the By-Laws shall be taken by an affirmative vote of a
majority of the Trustees. The Trustees shall in no event adopt By-Laws that are
in conflict with the Declaration, and any apparent inconsistency shall be
construed in favor of the related provisions in the Declaration.
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