-7-
BY-LAWS
OF
GENERAL NEW YORK MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND
ARTICLE 1
Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Principal Office
1.1. Agreement and Declaration of Trust. These By-Laws shall be
subject to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as from time to time in
effect (the "Declaration of Trust"), of the above-captioned Massachusetts
business trust established by the Declaration of Trust (the "Trust").
1.2. Principal Office of the Trust. The principal office of the
Trust shall be located in New York, New York. Its resident agent in
Massachusetts shall be CT Corporation System, 0 Xxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx,
Xxxxxxxxxxxxx 00000, or such other person as the Trustees from time to time
may select.
ARTICLE 2
Meetings of Trustees
2.1. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be
held without call or notice at such places and at such times as the Trustees
from time to time may determine, provided that notice of the first regular
meeting following any such determination shall be given to absent Trustees.
2.2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Trustees may be
held at any time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting when
called by the President or the Treasurer or by two or more Trustees,
sufficient notice thereof being given to each Trustee by the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary or by the officer or the Trustees calling the meeting.
2.3. Notice of Special Meetings. It shall be sufficient notice to
a Trustee of a special meeting to send notice by mail at least forty-eight
hours or by telegram at least twenty-four hours before the meeting addressed
to the Trustee at his or her usual or last known business or residence
address or to give notice to him or her in person or by telephone at least
twenty-four hours before the meeting. Notice of a meeting need not be given
to any Trustee if a written waiver of notice, executed by him or her before
or after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting, or to any
Trustee who attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its
commencement the lack of notice to him or her. Neither notice of a meeting
nor a waiver of a notice need specify the purposes of the meeting.
2.4. Notice of Certain Actions by Consent. If in accordance with
the provisions of the Declaration of Trust any action is taken by the
Trustees by a written consent of less than all of the Trustees, then prompt
notice of any such action shall be furnished to each Trustee who did not
execute such written consent, provided that the effectiveness of such action
shall not be impaired by any delay or failure to furnish such notice.
ARTICLE 3
Officers
3.1. Enumeration; Qualification. The officers of the Trust shall
be a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and such other officers, if any, as
the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion elect. The Trust also
may have such agents as the Trustees from time to time may in their
discretion appoint. An officer may be but need not be a Trustee or
shareholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.
3.2. Election. The President, the Treasurer and the Secretary
shall be elected by the Trustees upon the occurrence of any vacancy in any
such office. Other officers, if any, may be elected or appointed by the
Trustees at any time. Vacancies in any such other office may be filled at
any time.
3.3. Tenure. The President, Treasurer and Secretary shall hold
office in each case until he or she sooner dies, resigns, is removed or
becomes disqualified. Each other officer shall hold office and each agent
shall retain authority at the pleasure of the Trustees.
3.4. Powers. Subject to the other provisions of these By-Laws,
each officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers herein and in
the Declaration of Trust set forth, such duties and powers as commonly are
incident to the office occupied by him or her as if the Trust were organized
as a Massachusetts business corporation or such other duties and powers as
the Trustees may from time to time designate.
3.5. President. Unless the Trustees otherwise provide, the
President shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the
Trustees. Unless the Trustees otherwise provide, the President shall be the
chief executive officer.
3.6. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall be the chief financial and
accounting officer of the Trust, and, subject to the provisions of the
Declaration of Trust and to any arrangement made by the Trustees with a
custodian, investment adviser or manager, or transfer, shareholder servicing
or similar agent, shall be in charge of the valuable papers, books of account
and accounting records of the Trust, and shall have such other duties and
powers as may be designated from time to time by the Trustees or by the
President.
3.7. Secretary. The Secretary shall record all proceedings of the
shareholders and the Trustees in books to be kept therefor, which books or a
copy thereof shall be kept at the principal office of the Trust. In the
absence of the Secretary from any meeting of the shareholders or Trustees, an
Assistant Secretary, or if there be none or if he or she is absent, a
temporary Secretary chosen at such meeting shall record the proceedings
thereof in the aforesaid books.
3.8. Resignations and Removals. Any Trustee or officer may resign
at any time by written instrument signed by him or her and delivered to the
President or Secretary or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation
shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some
other time. The Trustees may remove any officer elected by them with or
without cause. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written
agreement with the Trust, no Trustee or officer resigning and no officer
removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his
or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such
removal.
ARTICLE 4
Committees
4.1. Appointment. The Trustees may appoint from their number an
executive committee and other committees. Except as the Trustees otherwise
may determine, any such committee may make rules for conduct of its business.
4.2. Quorum; Voting. A majority of the members of any Committee
of the Trustees shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business,
and any action of such a Committee may be taken at a meeting by a vote of a
majority of the members present (a quorum being present).
ARTICLE 5
Reports
The Trustees and officers shall render reports at the time and in
the manner required by the Declaration of Trust or any applicable law.
Officers and Committees shall render such additional reports as they may deem
desirable or as may from time to time be required by the Trustees.
ARTICLE 6
Fiscal Year
The fiscal year of the Trust shall be fixed, and shall be subject
to change, by the Board of Trustees.
ARTICLE 7
Seal
The seal of the Trust shall consist of a flat-faced die with the
word "Massachusetts," together with the name of the Trust and the year of its
organization cut or engraved thereon but, unless otherwise required by the
Trustees, the seal shall not be necessary to be placed on, and in its absence
shall not impair the validity of, any document, instrument or other paper
executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Trust.
ARTICLE 8
Execution of Papers
Except as the Trustees generally or in particular cases may
authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, all deeds, leases,
contracts, notes and other obligations made by the Trustees shall be signed
by the President, any Vice President, or by the Treasurer and need not bear
the seal of the Trust.
ARTICLE 9
Issuance of Share Certificates
9.1. Sale of Shares. Except as otherwise determined by the
Trustees, the Trust will issue and sell for cash or securities from time to
time, full and fractional shares of its shares of beneficial interest, such
shares to be issued and sold at a price of not less than net asset value per
share, as from time to time determined in accordance with the Declaration of
Trust and these By-Laws and, in the case of fractional shares, at a
proportionate reduction in such price. In the case of shares sold for
securities, such securities shall be valued in accordance with the provisions
for determining value of assets of the Trust as stated in the Declaration of
Trust and these By-Laws. The officers of the Trust are severally authorized
to take all such actions as may be necessary or desirable to carry out this
Section 9.1.
9.2. Share Certificates. In lieu of issuing certificates for
shares, the Trustees or the transfer agent either may issue receipts therefor
or may keep accounts upon the books of the Trust for the record holders of
such shares, who shall in either case, for all purposes hereunder, be deemed
to be the holders of certificates for such shares as if they had accepted
such certificates and shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to
the terms hereof.
The Trustees at any time may authorize the issuance of share
certificates. In that event, each shareholder shall be entitled to a
certificate stating the number of shares owned by him or her, in such form as
shall be prescribed from time to time by the Trustees. Such certificate
shall be signed by the President or Vice President and by the Treasurer or
Assistant Treasurer. Such signatures may be facsimile if the certificate is
signed by a transfer agent, or by a registrar, other than a Trustee, officer
or employee of the Trust. In case any officer who has signed or whose
facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall cease to be
such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Trust
with the same effect as if he or she were such officer at the time of its
issue.
9.3. Loss of Certificates. The Trust, or if any transfer agent is
appointed for the Trust, the transfer agent with the approval of any two
officers of the Trust, is authorized to issue and countersign replacement
certificates for the shares of the Trust which have been lost, stolen or
destroyed subject to the deposit of a bond or other indemnity in such form
and with such security, if any, as the Trustees may require.
9.4. Discontinuance of Issuance of Certificates. The Trustees at
any time may discontinue the issuance of share certificates and by written
notice to each shareholder, may require the surrender of share certificates
to the Trust for cancellation. Such surrender and cancellation shall not
affect the ownership of shares in the Trust.
ARTICLE 10
Indemnification
10.1. Trustees, Officers, etc. The Trust shall indemnify each of
its Trustees and officers (including persons who serve at the Trust's request
as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust
has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) (hereinafter
referred to as a "Covered Person") against all liabilities and expenses,
including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in
compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees reasonably incurred by
any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any
action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court
or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or
may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such person may
be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of
being or having been such a Trustee or officer, except with respect to any
matter as to which such Covered Person shall have been finally adjudicated in
a decision on the merits in any such action, suit or other proceeding not to
have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person's
action was in the best interests of the Trust and except that no Covered
Person shall be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or its
Shareholders to which such Covered Person would otherwise be subject by
reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless
disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person's
office. Expenses, including counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered
Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in
compromise or as fines or penalties), may be paid from time to time by the
Trust in advance of the final disposition or any such action, suit or
proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered
Person to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately determined
that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article,
provided that (a) such Covered Person shall provide security for his or her
undertaking, (b) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason
of such Covered Person's failure to fulfill his or her undertaking, or (c) a
majority of the Trustees who are disinterested persons and who are not
Interested Persons (as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of
1940) (provided that a majority of such Trustees then in office act on the
matter), or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall determine,
based on a review of readily available facts (but not a full trial-type
inquiry), that there is reason to believe such Covered Person ultimately will
be entitled to indemnification.
10.2. Compromise Payment. As to any matter disposed of (whether
by a compromise payment, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise) without
an adjudication in a decision on the merits by a court, or by any other body
before which the proceeding was brought, that such Covered Person either (a)
did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person's
action was in the best interests of the Trust or (b) is liable to the Trust
or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of
such Covered Person's office, indemnification shall be provided if (a)
approved as in the best interest of the Trust, after notice that it involves
such indemnification, by at least a majority of the Trustees who are
disinterested persons and are not Interested Persons (provided that a
majority of such Trustees then in office act on the matter), upon a
determination, based upon a review of readily available facts (but not a full
trial-type inquiry) that such Covered Person acted in good faith in the
reasonable belief that such Covered Person's action was in the best interests
of the Trust and is not liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of
willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the
duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person's office, or (b) there
has been obtained an opinion in writing of independent legal counsel, based
upon a review of readily available facts (but not a full trial-type inquiry)
to the effect that such Covered Person appears to have acted in good faith in
the reasonable belief that such Covered Person's action was in the best
interests of the Trust and that such indemnification would not protect such
Covered Person against any liability to the Trust to which such Covered
Person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his office. Any approval pursuant to this Section shall not
prevent the recovery from any Covered Person of any amount paid to such
Covered Person in accordance with this Section as indemnification if such
Covered Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of competent
jurisdiction not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that
such Covered Person's action was in the best interests of the Trust or to
have been liable to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in the conduct of such Covered Person's office.
10.3. Indemnification Not Exclusive. The right of indemnification
hereby provided shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which
any such Covered Person may be entitled. As used in this Article 10, the
term "Covered Person" shall include such person's heirs, executors and
administrators, and a "disinterested person" is a person against whom none of
the actions, suits or other proceedings in question or another action, suit,
or other proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then or has been
pending. Nothing contained in this Article shall affect any rights to
indemnification to which personnel of the Trust, other than Trustees and
officers, and other persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under
law, nor the power of the Trust to purchase and maintain liability insurance
on behalf of such person.
10.4. Limitation. Notwithstanding any provisions in the
Declaration of Trust and these By-Laws pertaining to indemnification, all
such provisions are limited by the following undertaking set forth in the
rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission:
In the event that a claim for indemnification
is asserted by a Trustee, officer or controlling
person of the Trust in connection with the
registered securities of the Trust, the Trust will
not make such indemnification unless (i) the Trust
has submitted, before a court or other body, the
question of whether the person to be indemnified
was liable by reason of willful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of
duties, and has obtained a final decision on the
merits that such person was not liable by reason of
such conduct or (ii) in the absence of such
decision, the Trust shall have obtained a
reasonable determination, based upon a review of
the facts, that such person was not liable by
virtue of such conduct, by (a) the vote of a
majority of Trustees who are neither interested
persons as such term is defined in the Investment
Company Act of 1940, nor parties to the proceeding
or (b) an independent legal counsel in a written
opinion.
The Trust will not advance attorneys' fees or
other expenses incurred by the person to be
indemnified unless (i) the Trust shall have
received an undertaking by or on behalf of such
person to repay the advance unless it is ultimately
determined that such person is entitled to
indemnification and (ii) one of the following
conditions shall have occurred: (x) such person
shall provide security for his undertaking, (y) the
Trust shall be insured against losses arising by
reason of any lawful advances or (z) a majority of
the disinterested, non-party Trustees of the Trust,
or an independent legal counsel in a written
opinion, shall have determined that based on a
review of readily available facts there is reason
to believe that such person ultimately will be
found entitled to indemnification.
ARTICLE 11
Shareholders
11.1. Meetings. A meeting of the shareholders shall be called by
the Secretary whenever ordered by the Trustees, or requested in writing by
the holder or holders of at least 10% of the outstanding shares entitled to
vote at such meeting. If the meeting is a meeting of the shareholders of one
or more series or class of shares, but not a meeting of all shareholders of
the Trust, then only the shareholders of such one or more series or classes
shall be entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting. If the Secretary,
when so ordered or requested, refuses or neglects for more than five days to
call such meeting, the Trustees, or the shareholders so requesting may, in
the name of the Secretary, call the meeting by giving notice thereof in the
manner required when notice is given by the Secretary.
11.2. Access to Shareholder List. Shareholders of record may
apply to the Trustees for assistance in communicating with other shareholders
for the purpose of calling a meeting in order to vote upon the question of
removal of a Trustee. When ten or more shareholders of record who have been
such for at least six months preceding the date of application and who hold
in the aggregate shares having a net asset value of at least $25,000 or at
least 1% of the outstanding shares, whichever is less, so apply, the Trustees
shall within five business days either:
(i) afford to such applicants access to a list of names and
addresses of all shareholders as recorded on the books of the Trust; or
(ii) inform such applicants of the approximate number of
shareholders of record and the approximate cost of mailing material to them
and, within a reasonable time thereafter, mail materials submitted by the
applicants to all such shareholders of record. The Trustees shall not be
obligated to mail materials which they believe to be misleading or in
violation of applicable law.
11.3. Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the
shareholders of any series or class who are entitled to vote or act at any
meeting or any adjournment thereof, or who are entitled to receive payment of
any dividend or of any other distribution, the Trustees from time to time may
fix a time, which shall be not more than 90 days before the date of any
meeting of shareholders or the date of payment of any dividend or of any
other distribution, as the record date for determining the shareholders of
such series or class having the right to notice of and to vote at such
meeting and any adjournment thereof or the right to receive such dividend or
distribution, and in such case only shareholders of record on such record
date shall have such right notwithstanding any transfer of shares on the
books of the Trust after the record date; or without fixing such record date
the Trustees may for any such purposes close the register or transfer books
for all or part of such period.
11.4. Place of Meetings. All meetings of the shareholders shall
be held at the principal office of the Trust or at such other place within
the United States as shall be designated by the Trustees or the President of
the Trust.
11.5. Notice of Meetings. A written notice of each meeting of
shareholders, stating the place, date and hour and the purposes of the
meeting, shall be given at least ten days before the meeting to each
shareholder entitled to vote thereat by leaving such notice with him or at
his residence or usual place of business or by mailing it, postage prepaid,
and addressed to such shareholder at his address as it appears in the records
of the Trust. Such notice shall be given by the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary or by an officer designated by the Trustees. No notice of any
meeting of shareholders need be given to a shareholder if a written waiver of
notice, executed before or after the meeting by such shareholder or his
attorney thereunto duly authorized, is filed with the records of the meeting.
11.6. Ballots. No ballot shall be required for any election
unless requested by a shareholder present or represented at the meeting and
entitled to vote in the election.
11.7. Proxies. Shareholders entitled to vote may vote either in
person or by proxy in writing dated not more than six months before the
meeting named therein, which proxies shall be filed with the Secretary or
other person responsible to record the proceedings of the meeting before
being voted. Unless otherwise specifically limited by their terms, such
proxies shall entitle the holders thereof to vote at any adjournment of such
meeting but shall not be valid after the final adjournment of such meeting.
The placing of a shareholder's name on a proxy pursuant to telephonic or
electronically transmitted instructions obtained pursuant to procedures
reasonably designed to verify that such instructions have been authorized by
such shareholder shall constitute execution of such proxy by or on behalf of
such shareholder.
ARTICLE 12
Amendments to the By-Laws
These By-Laws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part, by a
majority of the Trustees then in office at any meeting of the Trustees, or by
one or more writings signed by such a majority.
Dated: October 15, 1986
Amended: December 31, 1999
