Exhibit (b)
BY-LAWS
OF
THE PACIFIC CORPORATE GROUP PRIVATE EQUITY FUND
ARTICLE I
Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Principal Office
1.1. Agreement and Declaration of Trust. These By-Laws shall be
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subject to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as from time to time in
effect (the "Declaration of Trust"), of the above-captioned Delaware business
trust established by the Declaration of Trust (the "Trust").
1.2. Principal Office of the Trust. The principal office of the Trust
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shall be located in La Jolla, California.
ARTICLE II
Meetings of Trustees
2.1. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held
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without call or notice at such places and at such times as the Trustees from
time to time may determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting
following any such determination shall be given to absent Trustees.
2.2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Trustees may be held at
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any time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting when called by
the President or the Treasurer or by two or more Trustees, sufficient notice
thereof being given to each Trustee by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary
or by the officer or the Trustees calling the meeting.
2.3. Notice of Special Meetings. It shall be sufficient notice to a
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Trustee of a special meeting to send notice by mail at least forty-eight hours
or by telegram at least twenty-four hours before the meeting addressed to the
Trustee at his or her usual or last known business or residence address or to
give notice to him or her in person or by telephone at least twenty-four hours
before the meeting. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any Trustee if a
written waiver of notice, executed by him or her before or after the meeting, is
filed with the records of the meeting, or to any Trustee who attends the meeting
without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice to
him or her. Neither notice of a meeting nor a waiver of a notice need specify
the purposes of the meeting.
2.4. Notice of Certain Actions by Consent. If in accordance with the
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provisions of the Declaration of Trust any action is taken by the Trustees by a
written consent of less than all of the Trustees, then prompt notice of any such
action shall be furnished to each Trustee who did not execute such written
consent, provided that the effectiveness of such action shall not be impaired by
any delay or failure to furnish such notice.
ARTICLE III
Officers
3.1. Enumeration; Qualification. The officers of the Trust shall be a
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President, one or more Vice Presidents, if any, that may be Executive Vice
Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents or Vice Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary,
and such other officers, if any, as the Trustees from time to time may in their
discretion elect. The Trust also may have such agents as the Trustees from time
to time may in their discretion appoint. Officers may be but need not be a
Trustee or shareholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.
3.2. Election. The President, the Treasurer and the Secretary shall be
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elected by the Trustees upon the occurrence of any vacancy in any such office.
Other officers, if any, may be elected or appointed by the Trustees at any time.
Vacancies in any such other office may be filled at any time.
3.3. Tenure. The President, Treasurer and Secretary shall hold office
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in each case until he or she sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes
disqualified. Each other officer shall hold office and each agent shall retain
authority at the pleasure of the Trustees.
3.4. Powers. Subject to the other provisions of these By-Laws, each
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officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers herein and in the
Declaration of Trust set forth, such duties and powers as commonly are incident
to the office occupied by him or her as if the Trust were organized as a
Delaware corporation or such other duties and powers as the Trustees may from
time to time designate.
3.5. President. Unless the Trustees otherwise provide, the President
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shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the Trustees. Unless
the Trustees otherwise provide, the President shall be the chief executive
officer.
3.6. Vice President. Each Vice President shall have such powers and
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perform such duties as the Board of Trustees or the President may from time to
time prescribe.
3.7. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall be the chief financial and
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accounting officer of the Trust, and, subject to the provisions of the
Declaration of Trust and to any arrangement made by the Trustees with a
custodian, investment adviser or manager, or transfer, shareholder servicing or
similar agent, shall be in charge of the valuable papers, books of account and
accounting records of the Trust, and shall have such other duties and powers as
may be designated from time to time by the Trustees or by the President.
3.8. Secretary. The Secretary shall record all proceedings of the
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shareholders and the Trustees in books to be kept therefor, which books or a
copy thereof shall be kept at the principal office of the Trust. In the absence
of the secretary from any meeting of the shareholders or Trustees, an Assistant
Secretary, or if there be none or if he or she is absent, a temporary Secretary
chosen at such meeting shall record the proceedings thereof in the aforesaid
books.
3.9. Resignations and Removals. Any Trustee or officer may resign at
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any time by written instrument signed by him or her and delivered to the
President or Secretary or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall
be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time.
The Trustees may remove any officer elected by them with or without cause.
Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust,
no Trustee or officer ------------------------- resigning and no officer removed
shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his or her
resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal.
ARTICLE IV
Committees
4.1. Appointment. The Trustees may appoint from their number an
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executive committee and other committees. Except as the Trustees otherwise may
determine, any such committee may make rules for conduct of its business.
4.2. Quorum; Voting. A majority of the members of any Committee of the
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Trustees shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and any
action of such a Committee may be taken at a meeting by a vote of a majority of
the members present (a quorum being present).
ARTICLE V
Reports
The Trustees and officers shall render reports at the time and in the
manner required by the Declaration of Trust or any applicable law. Officers and
Committees shall render such additional reports as they may deem desirable or as
may from time to time be required by the Trustees.
ARTICLE VI
Fiscal Year
The fiscal year of the Trust shall be fixed, and shall be subject to
change, by the Board of Trustees.
ARTICLE VII
Seal
The seal of the Trust shall consist of a flat-faced die with the word
"Delaware," together with the name of the Trust and the year of its organization
cut or engraved thereon but, unless otherwise required by the Trustees, the seal
shall not be necessary to be placed on, and in its absence shall not impair the
validity of any document, instrument or other paper executed and delivered by or
on behalf of the Trust.
ARTICLE VIII
Execution of Papers
Except as the Trustees generally or in particular cases may authorize
the execution thereof in some other manner, all deeds, leases, contracts, notes
and other obligations made by the Trustees shall be signed by the President, any
Vice President, or by the Treasurer and need not bear the seal of the Trust.
ARTICLE IX
Issuance of Share Certificates
9.1. Sale of Shares. Except as otherwise determined by the Trustees,
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the Trust will issue and sell for cash or securities from time to time, full and
fractional shares of its shares of beneficial interest, such shares to be issued
and sold at a price of not less than net asset value per share as from time to
time determined in accordance with the Declaration of Trust and these By-Laws
and, in the case of fractional shares, at a proportionate reduction in such
price. In the case of shares sold for securities, such securities shall be
valued in accordance with the provisions for determining value of assets of the
Trust as stated in the Declaration of Trust and these By-Laws. The officers of
the Trust are severally authorized to take all such actions as may be necessary
or desirable to carry out this Section 9.1.
9.2. Share Certificates. In lieu of issuing certificates for shares,
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the Trustees or the transfer agent either may issue receipts therefor or may
keep accounts upon the books of the Trust for the record holders of such shares,
who shall in either case, for all purposes hereunder, be deemed to be the
holders of certificates for such shares as if they had accepted such
certificates and shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the
terms hereof.
The Trustees at any time may authorize the issuance of share
certificates. In that event, each shareholder shall be entitled to a certificate
stating the number of shares owned by him, in such form as shall be prescribed
from time to time by the Trustees. Such certificates shall be signed by the
President or Vice President and by the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer. Such
signatures may be facsimile if the certificate is signed by a transfer agent, or
by a registrar, other than a Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust. In case
any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such
certificate shall cease to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it
may be issued by the Trust with the same effect as if he or she were such
officer at the time of its issue.
9.3. Loss of Certificates. The Trust, or if any transfer agent is
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appointed for the Trust, the transfer agent with the approval of any two
officers of the Trust, is authorized to issue and countersign replacement
certificates for the shares of the Trust which have been lost, stolen or
destroyed subject to the deposit of a bond or other indemnity in such form and
with such security, if any, as the Trustees may require.
9.4. Discontinuance of Issuance of Certificates. The Trustees at any
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time may discontinue the issuance of share certificates and by written notice to
each shareholder, may require the surrender of share certificates to the Trust
for cancellation. Such surrender and cancellation shall not affect the ownership
of shares in the Trust.
ARTICLE X
Indemnification
10.1. Trustees, Officers, etc. To the fullest extent permitted by law,
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the Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees and officers (including the
directors, officers or employees of any Trustee that is not a natural person and
persons who serve at the Trust's request as directors, officers or trustees of
another person in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or
otherwise) (hereinafter referred to as a "Covered Person") against all
liabilities and expenses, including but not limited to amounts paid in
satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel
fees reasonably incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or
disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative, before any court or administrative or
legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved
as a party or otherwise or with which such person may be or may have been
threatened, while in office or thereafter, in any way relating to the Trust or
by reason of being or having been such a Trustee or officer, except with respect
to any matter as to which such Covered Person shall have been finally
adjudicated in a decision on the merits in any such action, suit or other
proceeding not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such
Covered Person's action was in the best interests of the Trust and except that
no Covered Person shall be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or its
Shareholders to which such Covered Person would otherwise be subject by reason
of wilful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the
duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person's office. Expenses,
including counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding
amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or
penalties), shall be paid from time to time by the Trust in advance of the final
disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person to repay amounts so paid by
the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses
is not authorized under this Article, provided that (a) such Covered Person
shall provide security for his undertaking, (b) the Trust shall be insured
against losses arising by reason of such Covered Person's failure to fulfill his
undertaking, or (c) a majority of the Trustees who are disinterested persons and
who are not Interested Persons (as that term is defined in the Investment
Company Act of 1940) (provided that a majority of such Trustees then in office
act on the matter), or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall
determine, based on a review of readily available facts (but not a full
trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe such Covered Person
ultimately will be entitled to indemnification.
10.2. Compromise Payment. As to any matter disposed of (whether by a
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compromise payment, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise) without an
adjudication in a decision on the merits by a court, or by any other body before
which the proceeding was brought, that such Covered Person either (a) did not
act in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person's action was
in the best interests of the Trust or (b) is liable to the Trust or its
Shareholders by reason of wilful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered
Person's office, indemnification shall be provided if (a) approved as in the
best interest of the Trust, after notice that it involves such indemnification,
by at least a majority of the Trustees who are disinterested persons and are not
Interested Persons (provided that a majority of such Trustees then in office act
on the matter), upon a determination, based upon a review of readily available
facts (but not a full trial-type inquiry) that such Covered Person acted in good
faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person's action was in the best
interests of the Trust and is not liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by
reason of wilful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard
of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person's office, or (b)
there has been obtained an opinion in writing of independent legal counsel,
based upon a review of readily available facts (but not a full trial-type
inquiry) to the effect that such Covered Person appears to have acted in good
faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person's action was in the best
interests of the Trust and that such indemnification would not protect such
Covered Person against any liability to the Trust to which such Covered Person
would otherwise be subject by reason of wilful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his
office. Any approval pursuant to this Section shall not prevent the recovery
from any Covered Person of any amount paid to such Covered Person in accordance
with this Section as indemnification if such Covered Person is subsequently
adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction not to have acted in good faith
in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person's action was in the best
interests of the Trust or to have been liable to the Trust or its shareholders
by reason of wilful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless
disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person's office.
10.3. Indemnification Not Exclusive. The right of indemnification
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hereby provided shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which
any such Covered Person may be entitled. As used in this Article X, the term
"Covered Person" shall include such person's heirs, executors and
administrators, and a "disinterested person" is a person against whom none of
the actions, suits or other proceedings in question or another action, suit, or
other proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then or has been pending.
Nothing contained in this article shall affect any rights to indemnification to
which personnel of the Trust, other than Trustees and officers, and other
persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law, nor the power of the
Trust to purchase and maintain liability insurance on behalf of such person.
10.4. Limitation. Notwithstanding any provisions in the Declaration of
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Trust and these By-Laws pertaining to indemnification, all such provisions are
subject to any limitations that may be required under the Investment Company Act
of 1940.
ARTICLE XI
Shareholders
11.1. Meetings. A meeting of the shareholders shall be called by the
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Secretary whenever ordered by the Trustees, or requested in writing by the
holder or holders of at least 10% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at
such meeting. If the meeting is a meeting of the shareholders of one or more
series of shares, but not a meeting of all shareholders of the Trust, then only
the shareholders of such one or more series shall be entitled to notice of and
to vote at the meeting. If the Secretary, when so ordered or requested, refuses
or neglects for more than five days to call such meeting, the Trustees, or the
shareholders so requesting may, in the name of the Secretary, call the meeting
by giving notice thereof in the manner required when notice is given by the
Secretary.
11.2. Access to Shareholder List. Shareholders of record may apply to
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the Trustees for assistance in communicating with other shareholders for the
purpose of calling a meeting in order to vote upon the question of removal of a
Trustee. When ten or more shareholders of record who have been such for at least
six months preceding the date of application and who hold in the aggregate
shares having a net asset value of at least $25,000 or at least 1% of the
outstanding shares, whichever is less, so apply, the Trustees shall within five
business days either:
(i) afford to such applicants access to a list of names and addresses
of all shareholders as recorded on the books of the Trust; or
(ii) inform such applicants of the approximate number of shareholders
of record and the approximate cost of mailing material to them and, within a
reasonable time thereafter, mail materials submitted by the applicants to all
such shareholders of record. The Trustees shall not be obligated to mail
materials which they believe to be misleading or in violation of applicable law.
11.3. Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the shareholders of
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any series who are entitled to vote or act at any meeting or any adjournment
thereof, or who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend or of any other
distribution, the Trustees from time to time may fix a time, which shall be not
more than 90 days before the date of any meeting of shareholders or the date of
payment of any dividend or of any other distribution, as the record date for
determining the shareholders of such series having the right to notice of and to
vote at such meeting and any adjournment thereof or the right to receive such
dividend or distribution, and in such case only shareholders of record on such
record date shall have such right notwithstanding any transfer of shares on the
books of the Trust after the record date; or without fixing such record date the
Trustees may for any such purposes close the register or transfer books for all
or part of such period.
11.4. Place of Meetings. All meetings of the shareholders shall be
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held at the principal office of the Trust or at such other place within the
United States as shall be designated by the Trustees or the President of the
Trust.
11.5. Notice of Meetings. A written notice of each meeting of
shareholders, stating the place, date and hour and the purposes of the meeting,
shall be given at least ten days before the meeting to each shareholder entitled
to vote thereat by leaving such notice with him or at his residence or usual
place of business or by mailing it, postage prepaid, and addressed to such
shareholder at his address as it appears in the records of the Trust. Such
notice shall be given by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or by an
officer designated by the Trustees. No notice of any meeting of shareholders
need be given to a shareholder if a written waiver of notice, executed before or
after the meeting by such shareholder or his attorney thereunto duly authorized,
is filed with the records of the meeting.
11.6. Ballots. No ballot shall be required for any election unless
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requested by a shareholder present or represented at the meeting and entitled to
vote in the election.
11.7. Proxies. Shareholders entitled to vote may vote either in person
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or by proxy in writing dated not more than six months before the meeting named
therein, which proxies shall be filed with the Secretary or other person
responsible to record the proceedings of the meeting before being voted. Unless
otherwise specifically limited by their terms, such proxies shall entitle the
holders thereof to vote at any adjournment of such meeting but shall not be
valid after the final adjournment of such meeting.
ARTICLE XII
Amendments to the By-Laws
These By-Laws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part, by a
majority of the Trustees then in office at any meeting of the Trustees, or by
one or more writings signed by such a majority.
Dated: December __, 1997
