1. Sub-Management Contract between Putnam Investment Management, LLC and Putnam Investments Limited dated February 27, 2014; schedule A dated November 20, 2014 Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 210 to the Registrants...

1.  Sub-Management Contract between Xxxxxx Investment Management,
LLC and Xxxxxx Investments Limited dated February 27, 2014;
schedule A dated November 20, 2014  Incorporated by reference to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 210 to the Registrants Registration
Statement filed on May 26, 2015.