BLACKROCK CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES TRUST AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST Dated as of November 12, 2008
Exhibit
A
BLACKROCK
CREDIT
OPPORTUNITIES
TRUST
Dated as of November 12,
2008
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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ARTICLE
I
The
Trust
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1.1
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Name
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1
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1.2
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Definitions
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1
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ARTICLE
II
Trustees
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2.1
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Number
and Qualification
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2
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2.2
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Term
and Election
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2
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2.3
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Resignation
and Removal
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2
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2.4
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Vacancies
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3
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2.5
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Meetings
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3
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2.6
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Trustee
Action by Written Consent
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3
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2.7
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Officers
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4
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ARTICLE
III
Powers
and Duties of Trustees
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3.1
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General
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4
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3.2
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Investments
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4
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3.3
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Legal
Title
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4
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3.4
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Issuance
and Repurchase of Shares
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4
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3.5
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Borrow
Money or Utilize Leverage
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4
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3.6
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Delegation;
Committees
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5
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3.7
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Collection
and Payment
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5
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3.8
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Expenses
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5
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3.9
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By-Laws
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5
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3.10
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Miscellaneous
Powers
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5
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3.11
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Further
Powers
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6
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ARTICLE
IV
Advisory,
Management and Distribution Arrangements
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4.1
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Advisory
and Management Arrangements
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6
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4.2
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Distribution
Arrangements
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6
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4.3
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Parties
to Contract
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6
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ARTICLE
V
Limitations
of Liability and Indemnification
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5.1
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No
Personal Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc
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7
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5.2
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Mandatory
Indemnification
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7
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5.3
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No
Bond Required of Trustees
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8
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5.4
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No
Duty of Investigation; No Notice in Trust Instruments, etc
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8
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5.5
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Reliance
on Experts, etc
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8
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i
ARTICLE
VI
Shares
of Beneficial Interest
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6.1
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Beneficial
Interest
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9
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6.2
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Other
Securities
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9
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6.3
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Rights
of Shareholders
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9
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6.4
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Trust
Only
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9
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6.5
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Issuance
of Shares
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9
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6.6
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Register
of Shares
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9
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6.7
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Transfer
Agent and Xxxxxxxxx
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00
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6.8
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Transfer
of Shares
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10
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6.9
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Notices
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10
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ARTICLE
VII
Custodians
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7.1
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Appointment
and Duties
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10
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7.2
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Central
Certificate System
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11
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ARTICLE
VIII
Redemption
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8.1
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Redemptions
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11
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8.2
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Disclosure
of Holding
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11
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ARTICLE
IX
Determination
of Net Asset Value
Net
Income and Distributions
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9.1
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Net
Asset Value
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11
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9.2
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Distributions
to Shareholders
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11
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9.3
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Power
to Modify Foregoing Procedures
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12
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ARTICLE
X
Shareholders
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10.1
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Meetings
of Shareholders
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12
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10.2
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Voting
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12
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10.3
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Notice
of Meeting and Record Date
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12
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10.4
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Quorum
and Required Vote
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12
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10.5
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Proxies,
etc
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13
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10.6
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Reports
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13
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10.7
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Inspection
of Records
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13
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10.8
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Shareholder
Action by Written Consent
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13
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ARTICLE
XI
Limited
Term of Existence; Termination of Trust;
Amendment;
Mergers, Etc.
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11.1
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Limited
Term of Existence
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13
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11.2
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Termination
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14
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11.3
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Amendment
Procedure
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14
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ii
11.4
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Merger,
Consolidation and Sale of Assets
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15
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11.5
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Subsidiaries
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15
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11.6
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Conversion
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15
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11.7
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Certain
Transactions
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16
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ARTICLE
XII
Miscellaneous
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12.1
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Filing
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17
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12.2
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Resident
Agent
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17
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12.3
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Governing
Law
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17
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12.4
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Counterparts
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17
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12.5
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Reliance
by Third Parties
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17
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12.6
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Provisions
in Conflict with Law or Regulation
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18
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iii
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST made
as of the 12th day of November, 2008, by the Trustees
hereunder, and by the holders of shares of beneficial interest issued hereunder
as hereinafter provided.
WHEREAS, this Trust has been formed to
carry on business as set forth more particularly
hereinafter;
WHEREAS, this Trust is authorized to
issue an unlimited number of its shares of beneficial interest all in accordance
with the provisions hereinafter set forth;
WHEREAS, the Trustees have agreed to
manage all property coming into their hands as Trustees of a Delaware statutory
trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;
and
WHEREAS, the parties hereto intend that
the Trust created by this Declaration and the Certificate of Trust filed with
the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on November 12, 2008 shall
constitute a statutory trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and that
this Declaration shall constitute the governing instrument of such statutory
trust.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby
declare that they will hold all cash, securities, and other assets which they
may from time to time acquire in any manner as Trustees hereunder IN TRUST to
manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms and conditions for the
benefit of the holders from time to time of shares of beneficial interest in
this Trust as hereinafter set forth.
ARTICLE I
The
Trust
1.1 Name. This Trust shall be known as the
"BlackRock Credit Opportunities Trust" and the Trustees shall conduct
the business of the Trust under that name or any other name or names as they may
from time to time determine.
1.2 Definitions. As used in this Declaration, the following
terms shall have the following meanings:
The "1940
Act" refers to the
Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder and exemptions granted therefrom, as amended from time to
time.
The terms "Affiliated
Person", "Assignment", "Commission", "Interested
Person" and "Principal
Underwriter" shall have the
meanings given them in the 1940 Act.
"By-Laws" shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as
amended from time to time by the Trustees.
"Code" shall mean the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated
thereunder.
"Commission" shall mean the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
"Declaration" shall mean this Agreement and
Declaration of Trust, as amended, supplemented or amended and restated from time
to time.
"Delaware
Statutory Trust Statute"
shall mean the provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del. C. 3801, et.
seq., as such Act may be
amended from time to time.
"Delaware
General Corporation Law"
means the Delaware General Corporation Law, 8 Del. C. 100, et. seq., as amended from time to
time.
"Fundamental
Policies" shall mean the
investment policies and restrictions as set forth from time to time in any
Registration Statement of the Trust filed with the Commission and designated as
fundamental policies therein, as they may be amended from time to time in
accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act.
"Majority
Shareholder Vote" shall
mean a vote of "a majority of the outstanding voting securities" (as such term
is defined in the 0000 Xxx) of the Trust with each class and series of Shares
voting together as a
1
single class, except to the extent
otherwise required by the 1940 Act or this Declaration with respect to any one
or more classes or series of Shares, in which case the applicable proportion of
such classes or series of Shares voting as a separate class or series, as the
case may be, also will be required.
"Person" shall mean and include individuals,
corporations, partnerships, trusts, limited liability companies, associations,
joint ventures and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and
governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof.
"Prospectus" shall mean the Prospectus of the
Trust, if any, as in effect from time to time under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended.
"Shareholders" shall mean as of any particular time
the holders of record of outstanding Shares of the Trust, at such
time.
"Shares" shall mean the transferable units of
beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be
divided from time to time and includes fractions of Shares as well as whole
Shares. In addition, Shares also means any preferred shares or preferred units
of beneficial interest which may be issued from time to time, as described
herein. All references to Shares shall be deemed to be Shares of any or all
series or classes as the context may require.
"Trust" shall mean the trust established by
this Declaration, as amended from time to time, inclusive of each such
amendment.
"Trust
Property" shall mean as of
any particular time any and all property, real or personal, tangible or
intangible, which at such time is owned or held by or for the account of the
Trust or the Trustees in such capacity.
"Trustees" shall mean the signatories to this
Declaration, so long as they shall continue in office in accordance with the
terms hereof, and all other persons who at the time in question have been duly
elected or appointed and have qualified as trustees in accordance with the
provisions hereof and are then in office.
ARTICLE II
Trustees
2.1 Number and
Qualification. Prior to a public offering of Shares
there may be a sole Trustee. Thereafter, the number of Trustees shall be
determined by a written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees then in office, provided that
the number of Trustees shall be no less than two or more than fifteen. No
reduction in the number of Trustees shall have the effect of removing any
Trustee from office prior to the expiration of his term. An
individual nominated as a Trustee shall be at
least 21 years of age and not older than 80 years of age at the time of
nomination and not under legal disability. Trustees need not own Shares and may
succeed themselves in office.
2.2 Term and
Election. The Trustees shall be elected at
meetings of the Shareholders called by the Board of Trustees from
time to time in their sole discretion for that purpose, except as provided in
Section 2.4 of this Article
or as required by the 1940 Act, and each Trustee elected shall hold office until his or
her successor shall have been elected and shall have qualified. The term of
office of a Trustee shall terminate and a vacancy shall occur in the event of
the death, resignation, removal, bankruptcy, adjudicated incompetence or other incapacity to perform
the duties of the office, or removal, of a Trustee.
2.3 Resignation
and Removal. Any of the Trustees may resign their
trust (without need for prior or subsequent accounting) by an instrument in
writing signed by such Trustee and delivered or mailed to the Trustees or the
Chairman, if any, the President or the Secretary and such resignation shall be effective upon such
delivery, or at a later date according to the terms of the instrument. Any of
the Trustees may be removed (provided the aggregate number of Trustees after
such removal shall not be less than the minimum number required by Section 2.1 hereof) for cause only, and
not without cause, and only by action taken by a majority of the remaining
Trustees followed by the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the
Shares then entitled to vote in an election of such Trustee. Upon the resignation or removal of a
Trustee, each such
2
resigning or removed Trustee shall
execute and deliver such documents as the remaining Trustees shall require for
the purpose of conveying to the Trust or the remaining Trustees any Trust
Property held in the name
of such resigning or removed Trustee. Upon the incapacity or death of any
Trustee, such Trustee's legal representative shall execute and deliver on such
Trustee's behalf such documents as the remaining Trustees shall require as
provided in the preceding
sentence.
2.4 Vacancies. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of
Trustees shall occur, the remaining Trustees may fill such vacancy by appointing
an individual having the qualifications described in this Article by a written
instrument signed by a
majority of the Trustees then in office or may leave such vacancy unfilled or
may reduce the number of Trustees; provided the aggregate number of Trustees
after such reduction shall not be less than the minimum number required by
Section 2.1 hereof; provided, further, that if the Shareholders
of any class or series of Shares are entitled separately to elect one or more
Trustees, a majority of the remaining Trustees or the sole remaining Trustee
elected by that class or series may fill any vacancy among the number of Trustees elected by that
class or series. Any vacancy created by an increase in Trustees may be filled by
the appointment of an individual having the qualifications described in this
Article made by a written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees then in office. No vacancy
shall operate to annul this Declaration or to revoke any existing agency created
pursuant to the terms of this Declaration. Whenever a vacancy in the number of
Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is filled as provided herein, the Trustees in office,
regardless of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees
and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this
Declaration.
2.5 Meetings. Meetings of the Trustees shall be held
from time to time upon the
call of the Chairman, if any, or the President or any two Trustees. Regular
meetings of the Trustees may be held without call or notice at a time and place
fixed by the By-Laws or by resolution of the Trustees. Notice of any other
meeting shall be given by the Secretary and
shall be delivered to the Trustees orally not less than 24 hours, or in writing
not less than 72 hours, before the meeting, but may be waived in writing by any
Trustee either before or after such meeting. The attendance of a Trustee at a meeting shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting except where a Trustee attends a
meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business
on the ground that the meeting has not been properly called or convened. Any time there is more than
one Trustee, a quorum for all meetings of the Trustees shall be one-third, but
not less than two, of the Trustees. Unless provided otherwise in this
Declaration and except as required under the 1940 Act, any action of the Trustees may be taken at a
meeting by vote of a majority of the Trustees present (a quorum being present)
or without a meeting by written consent of a majority of the
Trustees.
Any committee of the Trustees, including
an executive committee, if any, may act with or without a meeting. A quorum for
all meetings of any such committee shall be one-third, but not less than two, of
the members thereof. Unless provided otherwise in this Declaration, any action
of any such committee may be taken at a meeting by vote of a majority of the
members present (a quorum being present) or without a meeting by written consent
of all of the members.
With respect to actions of the Trustees
and any committee of the Trustees, Trustees who are Interested Persons in any
action to be taken may be counted for quorum purposes under this Section and
shall be entitled to vote to the extent not prohibited by the 1940
Act.
All or any one or more Trustees may
participate in a meeting of the Trustees or any committee thereof by means of a
conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all
persons participating in the meeting can hear each other; participation in a
meeting pursuant to any such communications system shall constitute presence in
person at such meeting.
2.6 Trustee
Action by Written Consent. Any action which may be taken by
Trustees by vote may be taken without a meeting if that number of the Trustees,
or members of a committee, as the case may be, required for approval of such
action at a meeting of the Trustees or of such committee consent to the action in writing and the written
consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Trustees. Such consent
shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of
Trustees.
3
2.7 Officers. The Trustees shall elect a President, a
Secretary and a Treasurer
and may elect a Chairman who shall serve at the pleasure of the Trustees or
until their successors are elected. The Trustees may elect or appoint or may
authorize the Chairman, if any, or President to appoint such other officers or
agents with such powers as the Trustees may
deem to be advisable. A Chairman shall, and the President, Secretary and
Treasurer may, but need not, be a Trustee.
ARTICLE III
Powers and Duties of
Trustees
3.1 General. The Trustees shall owe to the Trust and
its Shareholders the same fiduciary duties as owed by directors of corporations
to such corporations and their stockholders under the Delaware General
Corporation Law. The Trustees shall have exclusive and absolute control over the Trust Property and over
the business of the Trust to the same extent as if the Trustees were the sole
owners of the Trust Property and business in their own right, but with such
powers of delegation as may be permitted by this Declaration. The Trustees may perform such acts as
in their sole discretion are proper for conducting the business of the Trust.
The enumeration of any specific power herein shall not be construed as limiting
the aforesaid power. Such powers of the Trustees may be exercised without order of or resort to any
court.
3.2 Investments. The Trustees shall have power, subject
to the Fundamental Policies in effect from time to time with respect to the
Trust to:
(a) manage, conduct, operate and carry on
the business of an investment company;
(b) subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in,
purchase or otherwise acquire, hold, pledge, sell, assign, transfer, exchange,
distribute or otherwise deal in or dispose of any and all sorts of property,
tangible or intangible, including but not limited to securities of any type
whatsoever, whether equity or non-equity, of any issuer, evidences of
indebtedness of any person and any other rights, interests, instruments or
property of any sort and to exercise any and all rights, powers and
privileges of ownership or interest in respect of
any and all such investments of every kind and description, including, without
limitation, the right to consent and otherwise act with respect thereto, with
power to designate one or more Persons to exercise any of said rights, powers and privileges in
respect of any of said investments. The Trustees shall not be limited by any law
limiting the investments which may be made by fiduciaries.
3.3 Legal
Title. Legal title to all the Trust Property
shall be vested in the Trustees as joint tenants except that the Trustees shall
have power to cause legal title to any Trust Property to be held by or in the
name of one or more of the Trustees, or in the name of the Trust, or in the name of any other
Person as nominee, custodian or pledgee, on such terms as the Trustees may
determine, provided that the interest of the Trust therein is appropriately
protected.
The right, title and interest of the
Trustees in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in each person who may
hereafter become a Trustee upon his due election and qualification. Upon the
ceasing of any person to be a Trustee for any reason, such person shall
automatically cease to have any right, title or interest in any of the Trust
Property, and the right, title and interest of such Trustee in the Trust
Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. Such vesting and
cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have
been executed and delivered.
3.4 Issuance and
Repurchase of Shares. The Trustees shall have the power to
issue, sell, repurchase, redeem, retire, cancel, acquire, hold, resell, reissue,
dispose of, transfer, and otherwise deal in, Shares, including Shares in
fractional denominations, and, subject to the more detailed provisions set forth in Articles VIII and
IX, to apply to any such repurchase, redemption, retirement, cancellation or
acquisition of Shares any funds or property whether capital or surplus or
otherwise, to the full extent now or hereafter permitted corporations formed under the Delaware General
Corporation Law.
3.5 Borrow Money
or Utilize Leverage. Subject to the Fundamental Policies in
effect from time to time with respect to the Trust, the Trustees shall have the
power to borrow money or otherwise obtain credit or
4
utilize leverage to the maximum extent
permitted by law or regulation as such may be needed from time to time and to
secure the same by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise subjecting as security the
assets of the Trust, including the lending of portfolio securities, and to
endorse, guarantee, or undertake the performance of any obligation, contract or engagement of any other
person, firm, association or corporation.
3.6 Delegation;
Committees. The Trustees shall have the power,
consistent with their continuing exclusive authority over the management of the
Trust and the Trust Property, to delegate from time to time to such of their
number or to officers, employees or agents of the Trust the doing of such things, including any matters
set forth in this Declaration, and the execution of such instruments either in
the name of the Trust or the names of the Trustees or otherwise as the Trustees
may deem expedient. The Trustees may designate one or more committees which shall have all or
such lesser portion of the authority of the entire Board of Trustees as the
Trustees shall determine from time to time except to the extent action by the
entire Board of Trustees or particular Trustees is required by the 0000 Xxx.
3.7 Collection
and Payment. The Trustees shall have power to collect
all property due to the Trust; to pay all claims, including taxes, against the
Trust Property or the Trust, the Trustees or any officer, employee or agent of
the Trust; to prosecute,
defend, compromise or abandon any claims relating to the Trust Property or the
Trust, or the Trustees or any officer, employee or agent of the Trust; to
foreclose any security interest securing any obligations, by virtue of which any
property is owed to the Trust; and to enter into
releases, agreements and other instruments. Except to the extent required for a
corporation formed under the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Shareholders
shall have no power to vote as to whether or not a court action, legal proceeding or claim should or
should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf
of the Trust or the Shareholders.
3.8 Expenses. The Trustees shall have power to incur
and pay out of the assets or income of the Trust any expenses which in the opinion of
the Trustees are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the purposes of
this Declaration, and the business of the Trust, and to pay reasonable
compensation from the funds of the Trust to themselves as Trustees.
The Trustees shall fix the compensation of
all officers, employees and Trustees. The Trustees may pay themselves such
compensation for special services, including legal, underwriting, syndicating
and brokerage services, as they in good faith may deem reasonable and reimbursement for expenses
reasonably incurred by themselves on behalf of the Trust. The Trustees shall
have the power, as frequently as they may determine, to cause each Shareholder
to pay directly, in advance or arrears, for charges of distribution, of the custodian or transfer,
Shareholder servicing or similar agent, a pro rata amount as defined from time
to time by the Trustees, by setting off such charges due from such Shareholder
from declared but unpaid dividends or distributions owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number
of shares in the account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or
fractional Shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due
from such Shareholder.
3.9 By-Laws. The Trustees shall have the exclusive authority to adopt and from
time to time amend or repeal By-Laws for the conduct of the business of the
Trust.
3.10 Miscellaneous
Powers. The Trustees shall have the power to:
(a) employ or contract with such Persons as the Trustees may deem
desirable for the
transaction of the business of the Trust; (b) enter into joint ventures,
partnerships and any other combinations or associations; (c) purchase, and pay
for out of Trust Property, insurance policies insuring the Shareholders,
Trustees, officers, employees, agents, investment
advisors, distributors, selected dealers or independent contractors of the Trust
against all claims arising by reason of holding any such position or by reason
of any action taken or omitted by any such Person in such capacity, whether or not constituting
negligence, or whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such
Person against such liability; (d) establish pension, profit-sharing, share
purchase, and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans for any Trustees, officers, employees and
agents of the Trust; (e) make donations, irrespective of benefit to the Trust,
for charitable, religious, educational, scientific, civic or similar purposes;
(f) to the extent permitted by law, indemnify any Person with whom the Trust has dealings, including
without limitation any advisor, administrator, manager, transfer agent,
custodian, distributor or selected dealer, or any other person as the Trustees
may see fit to such extent as the Trustees shall determine; (g) guarantee indebtedness or contractual
obligations of others; (h) determine and change the fiscal year of
the
5
Trust and the method in which its
accounts shall be kept; (i) notwithstanding the Fundamental Policies of the
Trust, convert the Trust to a master-feeder structure; provided, however, the
Trust obtains the approval of shareholders holding at least a majority of the
Trust's Shares present at a meeting of Shareholders at which a quorum is
present; and (j) adopt a seal for the Trust but the absence of such seal shall not impair the validity of
any instrument executed on behalf of the Trust.
3.11
Further
Powers. The Trustees shall have the power to
conduct the business of the Trust and carry on its operations in any and all of
its branches and maintain offices both within and without the State of Delaware,
in any and all states of the United States of America, in the District of Columbia, and in any
and all commonwealths, territories, dependencies, colonies, possessions,
agencies or instrumentalities of the United States of America and of foreign
governments, and to do all such other things and execute all such instruments as they deem necessary, proper
or desirable in order to promote the interests of the Trust although such things
are not herein specifically mentioned. Any determination as to what is in the
interests of the Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the
provisions of this Declaration, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of
power to the Trustees. The Trustees will not be required to obtain any court
order to deal with the Trust Property.
ARTICLE IV
Advisory, Management and
Distribution Arrangements
4.1 Advisory and
Management Arrangements. Subject to the requirements of
applicable law as in effect from time to time, the Trustees may in their
discretion from time to time enter into advisory, administration or management
contracts (including, in each case, one or more sub-advisory,
sub-administration or
sub-management contracts) whereby the other party to any such contract shall
undertake to furnish such advisory, administrative and management services with
respect to the Trust as the Trustees shall from time to time consider desirable
and all upon such terms and conditions as the
Trustees may in their discretion determine. Notwithstanding any provisions of
this Declaration, the Trustees may authorize any advisor, administrator or
manager (subject to such general or specific instructions as the Trustees may from time to time adopt)
to exercise any of the powers of the Trustees, including to effect investment
transactions with respect to the assets on behalf of the Trust to the full
extent of the power of the Trustees to effect such transactions or may authorize any officer, employee
or Trustee to effect such transactions pursuant to recommendations of any such
advisor, administrator or manager (and all without further action by the
Trustees). Any such investment transaction shall be deemed to have been authorized by all of the
Trustees.
4.2 Distribution
Arrangements. Subject to compliance with the 1940 Act,
the Trustees may retain underwriters and/or placement agents to sell Shares and
other securities of the Trust. The Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into one
or more contracts, providing for the sale of securities of the Trust, whereby
the Trust may either agree to sell such securities to the other party to the
contract or appoint such other party its sales agent for such securities. In either case, the contract
shall be on such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion
determine not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article IV or the
By-Laws; and such contract may also provide for the repurchase or sale of securities of the Trust by
such other party as principal or as agent of the Trust and may provide that such
other party may enter into selected dealer agreements with registered securities
dealers and brokers and servicing and similar agreements with persons who are not registered
securities dealers to further the purposes of the distribution or repurchase of
the securities of the Trust.
4.3 Parties to
Contract. Any contract of the character described
in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 of this Article IV or in Article VII hereof may be
entered into with any Person, although one or more of the Trustees, officers or
employees of the Trust may be an officer, director, trustee, shareholder, or member of such other
party to the contract, and no such contract shall be invalidated or rendered
voidable by reason of the existence of any such relationship, nor shall any
Person holding such relationship be liable merely by reason of such relationship for any loss or expense
to the Trust under or by reason of said contract or accountable for any profit
realized directly or indirectly therefrom, provided that the contract when
entered into was reasonable and fair and not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article IV or
the By-Laws. The same Person may be the
6
other party to contracts entered into
pursuant to Sections 4.1 and 4.2 above or Article VII, and any individual may be
financially interested or otherwise affiliated with Persons who are parties to any or all of the
contracts mentioned in this Section 4.3.
ARTICLE V
Limitations of Liability and
Indemnification
5.1 No Personal
Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc. No Shareholder of the Trust shall be
subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person in
connection with Trust Property or the acts, obligations or affairs of the Trust.
Shareholders shall have the same limitation of personal liability as is extended to stockholders
of a private corporation for profit incorporated under the Delaware General
Corporation Law. No Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be subject in such
capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person, save only liability to the Trust or its
Shareholders arising from bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or
reckless disregard for his duty to such Person; and, subject to the foregoing
exception, all such Persons shall look solely to the Trust Property for satisfaction of claims of any
nature arising in connection with the affairs of the Trust. If any Shareholder,
Trustee or officer, as such, of the Trust, is made a party to any suit or
proceeding to enforce any such liability, subject to the foregoing exception, he shall not, on account
thereof, be held to any personal liability. Any repeal or modification of this
Section 5.1 shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a Trustee or
officer of the Trust existing at the time of such repeal or modification with respect to acts or
omissions occurring prior to such repeal or modification.
5.2 Mandatory
Indemnification. (a) The Trust hereby agrees to indemnify
each person who at any time serves as a Trustee or officer of the Trust (each
such person being an
"indemnitee") against any liabilities and expenses, including amounts paid in
satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and
reasonable counsel fees reasonably incurred by such indemnitee in connection
with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or
other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative
or investigative body in which he may be or may have been involved as a party or
otherwise or with which he may be or may have been threatened, while acting in any capacity set
forth in this Article V by reason of his having acted in any such capacity,
except with respect to any matter as to which he shall not have acted in good
faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interest of the Trust or, in the case
of any criminal proceeding, as to which he shall have had reasonable cause to
believe that the conduct was unlawful, provided, however, that no indemnitee
shall be indemnified hereunder against any liability to any person or any expense of such indemnitee
arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross
negligence, or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of
his position (the conduct referred to in such clauses (i) through (iv) being sometimes referred to
herein as "disabling conduct"). Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to
any action, suit or other proceeding voluntarily prosecuted by any indemnitee as
plaintiff, indemnification shall be mandatory only if the prosecution of such action, suit or other
proceeding by such indemnitee (1) was authorized by a majority of the Trustees
or (2) was instituted by the indemnitee to enforce his or her rights to
indemnification hereunder in a case in which the indemnitee is found to be entitled to such
indemnification. The rights to indemnification set forth in this Declaration
shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Trustee or officer of the
Trust and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and
personal and legal representatives. No
amendment or restatement of this Declaration or repeal of any of its provisions
shall limit or eliminate any of the benefits provided to any person who at any
time is or was a Trustee or officer of the Trust or otherwise entitled to indemnification hereunder
in respect of any act or omission that occurred prior to such amendment,
restatement or repeal.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, no
indemnification shall be made hereunder unless there has been a determination
(i) by a final decision on
the merits by a court or other body of competent jurisdiction before whom the
issue of entitlement to indemnification hereunder was brought that such
indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder or, (ii) in the absence of
such a decision, by (1) a majority vote of
a quorum of those Trustees who are neither ''interested persons'' of the Trust
(as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 0000 Xxx) nor parties to the proceeding
(''Disinterested Non-Party Trustees''), that the indemnitee is entitled to indemnification
hereunder, or (2) if such quorum is not obtainable or even if obtainable, if
such majority so directs, independent legal counsel in a written opinion
concludes that the indemnitee should be entitled to
7
indemnification hereunder. All determinations to make
advance payments in connection with the expense of defending any proceeding
shall be authorized and made in accordance with the immediately succeeding
paragraph (c) below.
(c) The Trust shall make advance payments in
connection with the
expenses of defending any action with respect to which indemnification might be
sought hereunder if the Trust receives a written affirmation by the indemnitee
of the indemnitee's good faith belief that the standards of conduct necessary
for indemnification have been met and a
written undertaking to reimburse the Trust unless it is subsequently determined
that the indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification and if a majority of the
Trustees determine that the applicable standards of conduct necessary for indemnification appear
to have been met. In addition, at least one of the following conditions must be
met: (i) the indemnitee shall provide adequate security for his undertaking,
(ii) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a
majority of a quorum of the Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, or if a majority
vote of such quorum so direct, independent legal counsel in a written opinion,
shall conclude, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type
inquiry), that there is substantial reason to believe that the indemnitee
ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
(d) The rights accruing to any indemnitee
under these provisions shall not exclude any other right which any person may have or
hereafter acquire under this Declaration, the By-Laws of the Trust, any statute,
agreement, vote of stockholders or Trustees who are ''disinterested persons''
(as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 0000 Xxx) or any other right to which he or she may be
lawfully entitled.
(e) Subject to any limitations provided by
the 1940 Act and this Declaration, the Trust shall have the power and authority
to indemnify and provide for the advance payment of expenses to employees,
agents and other Persons
providing services to the Trust or serving in any capacity at the request of the
Trust to the full extent corporations organized under the Delaware General
Corporation Law may indemnify or provide for the advance payment of expenses
for such Persons, provided that such
indemnification has been approved by a majority of the
Trustees.
5.3 No Bond
Required of Trustees. No Trustee shall, as such, be obligated
to give any bond or other security for the performance of any of his duties
hereunder.
5.4 No Duty of
Investigation; No Notice in Trust Instruments, etc. No purchaser, lender, transfer agent or
other person dealing with the Trustees or with any officer, employee or agent of
the Trust shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction purporting to be
made by the Trustees or by said officer, employee or agent or be liable for the
application of money or property paid, loaned, or delivered to or on the order
of the Trustees or of said officer, employee or agent. Every obligation, contract, undertaking,
instrument, certificate, Share, other security of the Trust, and every other act
or thing whatsoever executed in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively
taken to have been executed or done by the executors thereof only in their capacity as Trustees
under this Declaration or in their capacity as officers, employees or agents of
the Trust. The Trustees may maintain insurance for the protection of the Trust
Property, the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents in such amount as the
Trustees shall deem adequate to cover possible tort liability, and such other
insurance as the Trustees in their sole judgment shall deem advisable or is
required by the 1940 Act.
5.5 Reliance on
Experts, etc. Each Trustee and officer or employee of
the Trust shall, in the performance of its duties, be fully and completely
justified and protected with regard to any act or any failure to act resulting
from reliance in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the Trust, upon an opinion
of counsel, or upon reports made to the Trust by any of the Trust's officers or
employees or by any advisor, administrator, manager, distributor, selected
dealer, accountant, appraiser or other expert or consultant selected with reasonable care by the
Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust, regardless of whether such counsel
or expert may also be a Trustee.
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ARTICLE VI
Shares of Beneficial
Interest
6.1 Beneficial
Interest. The interest of the beneficiaries
hereunder shall be divided into an unlimited number of transferable shares of
beneficial interest, par value $.001 per share. All Shares issued in accordance
with the terms hereof, including, without limitation, Shares issued in connection with a dividend in
Shares or a split of Shares, shall be fully paid and, except as provided in the
last sentence of Section 3.8, nonassessable when the consideration determined by
the Trustees (if any) therefor shall have been received by the Trust.
6.2 Other
Securities. The Trustees may, subject to the
Fundamental Policies and the requirements of the 1940 Act, authorize and issue
such other securities of the Trust as they determine to be necessary, desirable
or appropriate, having such terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions as the
Trustees see fit, including preferred interests, debt securities or other senior
securities. To the extent that the Trustees authorize and issue preferred shares
of any class or series, they are hereby authorized and empowered to amend or supplement this
Declaration as they deem necessary or appropriate, including to comply with the
requirements of the 1940 Act or requirements imposed by the rating agencies or
other Persons, all without the approval of Shareholders. Any such supplement or amendment shall
be filed as is necessary. The Trustees are also authorized to take such actions
and retain such persons as they see fit to offer and sell such
securities.
6.3 Rights of
Shareholders. The Shares shall be personal
property giving only the
rights in this Declaration specifically set forth. The ownership of the Trust
Property of every description and the right to conduct any business herein
before described are vested exclusively in the Trustees, and the Shareholders
shall have no interest therein other than the
beneficial interest conferred by their Shares, and they shall have no right to
call for any partition or division of any property, profits, rights or interests
of the Trust nor can they be called upon to share or assume any losses of the Trust or, subject
to the right of the Trustees to charge certain expenses directly to
Shareholders, as provided in the last sentence of Section 3.8, suffer an
assessment of any kind by virtue of their ownership of Shares. The
Shares shall not entitle the holder to
preference, preemptive, appraisal, conversion or exchange rights (except as
specified in this Section 6.3, in Section 11.4 or as specified by the Trustees
when creating the Shares, as in preferred shares).
6.4 Trust
Only. It is the intention of the Trustees to
create only the relationship of Trustee and beneficiary between the Trustees and
each Shareholder from time to time. It is not the intention of the Trustees to
create a general partnership, limited partnership, joint stock association, corporation,
bailment or any form of legal relationship other than a trust. Nothing in this
Declaration shall be construed to make the Shareholders, either by themselves or
with the Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock association.
6.5 Issuance of Shares. The
Trustees, in their discretion, may from time to time without vote of the
Shareholders issue Shares including preferred shares that may have been
established pursuant to Section 6.2, in addition to the then issued and
outstanding Shares and Shares held in the treasury, to such party or parties and
for such amount and type of consideration, including cash or property, at such
time or times, and on such terms as the Trustees may determine, and may in such
manner acquire other assets (including the acquisition of assets subject to, and
in connection with the assumption of, liabilities) and businesses. The Trustees
may from time to time divide or combine the Shares into a greater or lesser
number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in such
Shares. Issuances and redemptions of Shares may be made in whole Shares and/or
l/l,000ths of a Share or multiples thereof as the Trustees may
determine.
6.6 Register of
Shares. A register shall be kept at the offices
of the Trust or any transfer agent duly appointed by the Trustees
under the direction of the Trustees which shall contain the names and addresses
of the Shareholders and the number of Shares held by them respectively and a
record of all transfers thereof. Separate registers shall be established and maintained for each class
or series of Shares. Each such register shall be conclusive as to who are the
holders of the Shares of the applicable class or series of Shares and who shall
be entitled to receive dividends or distributions or otherwise to exercise or enjoy the rights of
Shareholders. No Shareholder shall be entitled to receive payment of any
dividend or distribution, nor to have notice given to him as herein provided,
until he has given his address to a transfer agent or such other officer or agent of the Trustees as
shall keep the register for entry thereon. It is not contemplated that
certificates will be
9
issued for the Shares; however, the
Trustees, in their discretion, may authorize the issuance of share certificates
and promulgate appropriate
fees therefore and rules and regulations as to their use.
6.7 Transfer
Agent and Registrar. The Trustees shall have power to employ
a transfer agent or transfer agents, and a registrar or registrars, with respect
to the Shares. The transfer
agent or transfer agents may keep the applicable register and record therein,
the original issues and transfers, if any, of the said Shares. Any such transfer
agents and/or registrars shall perform the duties usually performed by transfer
agents and registrars of certificates of stock in a
corporation, as modified by the Trustees.
6.8 Transfer of
Shares. Shares shall be transferable on the
records of the Trust only by the record holder thereof or by its agent thereto
duly authorized in writing, upon delivery to the Trustees or a transfer agent of
the Trust of a duly executed instrument of transfer, together with such evidence of the genuineness
of each such execution and authorization and of other matters (including
compliance with any securities laws and contractual restrictions) as may
reasonably be required. Upon such delivery the transfer shall be recorded on the applicable register of the
Trust. Until such record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to
be the holder of such Shares for all purposes hereof and neither the Trustees
nor any transfer agent or registrar nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be
affected by any notice of the proposed transfer.
Any person becoming entitled to any
Shares in consequence of the death, bankruptcy, or incompetence of any
Shareholder, or otherwise by operation of law, shall be recorded on the
applicable register of Shares as the holder of such Shares upon production of
the proper evidence thereof to the Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust,
but until such record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be
the holder of such for all purposes hereof, and neither the Trustees nor any
transfer agent or registrar nor any officer or agent of the Trust shall be
affected by any notice of such death, bankruptcy or incompetence, or other
operation of law.
6.9 Notices. Any and all notices to which any Shareholder hereunder
may be entitled and any and all communications shall be deemed duly served or
given if mailed, postage prepaid, addressed to any Shareholder of record at his
last known address as recorded on the applicable register of the Trust.
ARTICLE VII
Custodians
7.1 Appointment
and Duties. The Trustees shall at all times employ a
custodian or custodians, meeting the qualifications for custodians for portfolio
securities of investment companies contained in the 1940 Act, as custodian with
respect to the assets of the Trust. Any custodian shall have authority as agent of the Trust
as determined by the custodian agreement or agreements, but subject to such
restrictions, limitations and other requirements, if any, as may be contained in
the By-Laws of the Trust and the 1940 Act, including without limitation
authority:
(1) to hold the securities owned by the
Trust and deliver the same upon written order;
(2) to receive any receipt for any moneys
due to the Trust and deposit the same in its own banking department (if a bank)
or elsewhere as the Trustees may direct;
(3) to disburse such funds upon orders or
vouchers;
(4) if authorized by the Trustees, to keep
the books and accounts of the Trust and furnish clerical and accounting
services; and
(5) if authorized to do so by the Trustees,
to compute the net income
or net asset value of the Trust;
all upon such basis of compensation as
may be agreed upon between the Trustees and the custodian.
The Trustees may also authorize each
custodian to employ one or more sub-custodians from time to time to perform such
of the acts and services of the custodian and upon such terms and conditions, as
may be agreed upon between the custodian and such sub-custodian and approved by
the Trustees, provided that in every case such sub-custodian shall meet the
qualifications for custodians contained in the 1940 Act.
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7.2 Central
Certificate System. Subject to such rules, regulations and
orders as the Commission may adopt, the Trustees may direct the custodian to
deposit all or any part of the securities owned by the Trust in a system for the
central handling of securities established by a national securities exchange or a national
securities association registered with the Commission under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, or such other Person as may be permitted by the
Commission, or otherwise in accordance with the 1940 Act, pursuant to which
system all securities of any particular
class of any issuer deposited within the system are treated as fungible and may
be transferred or pledged by bookkeeping entry without physical delivery of such
securities, provided that all such deposits shall be subject to withdrawal only upon the order of
the Trust.
ARTICLE VIII
Redemption
8.1 Redemptions. The Shares of the Trust are not
redeemable by the holders.
8.2 Disclosure
of Holding. The holders of Shares or other
securities of the Trust shall upon demand disclose to the Trustees in writing such
information with respect to direct and indirect ownership of Shares or other
securities of the Trust as the Trustees deem necessary to comply with the
provisions of the Code, the 1940 or other applicable laws or regulations, or to comply with the requirements
of any other taxing or regulatory authority.
ARTICLE IX
Determination of Net Asset
Value
Net Income and
Distributions
9.1 Net Asset
Value. The net asset value of each outstanding
Share of the Trust shall be determined at such time or times on such days as the
Trustees may determine, in accordance with the 1940 Act. The method of
determination of net asset value shall be determined by the Trustees and shall be as set forth in the
Prospectus or as may otherwise be determined by the Trustees. The power and duty
to make the net asset value calculations may be delegated by the Trustees and
shall be as generally set forth in the Prospectus or as may otherwise be determined by the
Trustees.
9.2 Distributions
to Shareholders. (a)
The Trustees shall
from time to time distribute ratably among the Shareholders of any class of
Shares, or any series of any such class, in accordance with the number of
outstanding full and fractional Shares of such class or any series of such
class, such proportion of
the net profits, surplus (including paid-in surplus), capital, or assets held by
the Trustees as they may deem proper or as may otherwise be determined in
accordance with this Declaration. Any such distribution may be made in cash or
property (including without limitation any
type of obligations of the Trust or any assets thereof) or Shares of any class
or series or any combination thereof, and the Trustees may distribute ratably
among the Shareholders of any class of shares or series of any such class, in accordance with the
number of outstanding full and fractional Shares of such class or any series of
such class, additional Shares of any class or series in such manner, at such
times, and on such terms as the Trustees may deem proper or as may otherwise be determined in
accordance with this Declaration.
(b) Distributions pursuant to this Section
9.2 may be among the Shareholders of record of the applicable class or series of
Shares at the time of declaring a distribution or among the Shareholders of record at such later date
as the Trustees shall determine and specify.
(c) The Trustees may always retain from the
net profits such amount as they may deem necessary to pay the debts or expenses
of the Trust or to meet obligations of the Trust, or as they otherwise may deem
desirable to use in the conduct of its affairs or to retain for future
requirements or extensions of the business.
(d) Inasmuch as the computation of net
income and gains for Federal income tax purposes may vary from the
computation thereof on the
books, the above provisions shall be interpreted to give the Trustees the power
in their discretion to distribute for any fiscal year as ordinary dividends and
as capital gains distributions, respectively, additional amounts
sufficient to enable the Trust to avoid or
reduce liability for taxes.
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9.3 Power to
Modify Foregoing Procedures. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing
provisions of this Article IX, the Trustees may prescribe, in their absolute
discretion except as may be required by the 1940 Act, such other bases and times
for determining the per share asset value of the Trust's Shares or net income, or the declaration
and payment of dividends and distributions as they may deem necessary or
desirable for any reason, including to enable the Trust to comply with any
provision of the 1940 Act, or any securities exchange or association
registered under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, or any order of exemption issued by the Commission, all as in
effect now or hereafter amended or modified.
ARTICLE X
Shareholders
10.1 Meetings of
Shareholders. The Trust will not hold annual meetings of the
Shareholders except as
required by applicable law
or as determined by a majority of the Trustees. A special meeting of Shareholders may
be called at any time by a majority of the Trustees or the President
and shall be called by any
Trustee for any proper purpose upon written request of Shareholders of the Trust
holding in the aggregate not less than fifty-one percent (51%) of the
outstanding Shares of the Trust or class or series of Shares having voting
rights on the matter, such request specifying
the purpose or purposes for which such meeting is to be called. Any shareholder
meeting, including a Special Meeting, shall be held within or without the State
of Delaware on such day and at such time as the Trustees shall designate.
10.2 Voting. Shareholders shall have no power to vote
on any matter except matters on which a vote of Shareholders is required by
applicable law, this Declaration or resolution of the Trustees. This Declaration
expressly provides that no matter for which voting is required by
the Statutory Trust Act in the absence of the contrary provision in the
Declaration shall require any vote. Except as otherwise provided herein, any
matter required to be submitted to Shareholders and affecting one or more classes or series of Shares shall
require approval by the required vote of all the affected classes and series of
Shares voting together as a single class; provided, however, that as to any
matter with respect to which a separate vote of any class or series of Shares is required by the
1940 Act, such requirement as to a separate vote by that class or series of
Shares shall apply in addition to a vote of all the affected classes and series
voting together as a single class. Shareholders of a particular class or series of Shares shall not be
entitled to vote on any matter that affects only one or more other classes or
series of Shares. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election or removal
of Trustees.
10.3 Notice of
Meeting and Record Date. Notice of all meetings of Shareholders,
stating the time, place and purposes of the meeting, shall be given by the
Trustees by mail to each Shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat at its
registered address, mailed at least 10 days and not more than 90 days before the meeting or otherwise
in compliance with applicable law. Only the business stated in the notice of the
meeting shall be considered at such meeting. Any adjourned meeting may be held
as adjourned one or more times without further notice not later than 120 days after the record
date. For the purposes of determining the Shareholders who are entitled to
notice of and to vote at any meeting the Trustees may, without closing the
transfer books, fix a date not more than 90 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of such meeting of
Shareholders as a record date for the determination of the Persons to be treated
as Shareholders of record for such purposes.
10.4 Quorum and
Required Vote. (a) The holders of a majority of the Shares
entitled to vote on any
matter at a meeting present in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum at
such meeting of the Shareholders for purposes of conducting business on such
matter. The absence from any meeting, in person or by proxy, of a quorum of
Shareholders for action upon any given matter shall not
prevent action at such meeting upon any other matter or matters which may
properly come before the meeting, if there shall be present thereat, in person
or by proxy, a quorum of Shareholders in respect of such other matters.
(b) Subject to any provision of applicable
law, this Declaration or a resolution of the Trustees specifying a greater or a
lesser vote requirement for the transaction of any item of business at any
meeting of Shareholders, (i) the affirmative vote of a majority of the Shares present in
person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall
be the act of the Shareholders with respect to such matter,
and
12
(ii) where a separate vote of one
or more classes or series of Shares is required on any matter, the
affirmative vote of a majority of the Shares of such class or series of Shares
present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting shall be the act of the
Shareholders of such class or series with respect to such
matter.
10.5 Proxies,
etc. At any meeting of Shareholders, any
holder of Shares entitled to vote thereat may vote by properly executed proxy,
provided that no proxy shall be voted at any meeting unless it shall have been
placed on file with the Secretary, or with such other officer or agent of the Trust as the Secretary
may direct, for verification prior to the time at which such vote shall be
taken. Pursuant to a resolution of a majority of the Trustees, proxies may be
solicited in the name of one or more Trustees or one or more of the officers or employees of the Trust.
No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of 11 months from the date thereof,
unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Only Shareholders of record shall be
entitled to vote. Each full Share shall be entitled to one vote and fractional Shares shall be
entitled to a vote of such fraction. When any Share is held jointly by several
persons, any one of them may vote at any meeting in person or by proxy in
respect of such Share, but if more than one of them shall be present at such meeting in person or by
proxy, and such joint owners or their proxies so present disagree as to any vote
to be cast, such vote shall not be received in respect of such Share. A proxy
purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at
or prior to its exercise, and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the
challenger. If the holder of any such Share is a minor or a person of unsound
mind, and subject to guardianship or to the legal control of any other person as regards the
charge or management of such Share, he may vote by his guardian or such other
person appointed or having such control, and such vote may be given in person or
by proxy.
10.6 Reports. The Trustees shall cause to be prepared
at least annually and more frequently to the extent and in the form required by
law, regulation or any exchange on which Trust Shares are listed a report of
operations containing a balance sheet and statement of income and undistributed income of the
Trust prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and
an opinion of an independent public accountant on such financial statements.
Copies of such reports shall be mailed to all Shareholders of record within the time required by the
1940 Act. The Trustees shall, in addition, furnish to the Shareholders at least
semi-annually to the extent required by law, interim reports containing an
unaudited balance sheet of the Trust as of the end of such period and an unaudited statement of income
and surplus for the period from the beginning of the current fiscal year to the
end of such period.
10.7 Inspection
of Records. The records of the Trust shall be open
to inspection by Shareholders to the same extent as is permitted shareholders of a
corporation formed under the Delaware General Corporation
Law.
10.8
Shareholder
Action by Written Consent. Any action which may be taken by
Shareholders by vote may be taken without a meeting if the holders entitled to
vote thereon of the
proportion of Shares required for approval of such action at a meeting of
Shareholders pursuant to Section 10.4 consent to the action in writing and the
written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Shareholders.
Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as
a vote taken at a meeting of Shareholders.
ARTICLE XI
Limited Term of Existence;
Termination of Trust;
Amendment; Mergers,
Etc.
11.1 Limited Term
of Existence. (a) The Trust created hereby shall
have a limited period of
existence and shall cease to exist at the close of business on December 31, 2014, except that the Trust shall continue
to exist for the purpose of paying, satisfying, and discharging any existing
debts or obligations, collecting and distributing its assets, and doing all other acts
required to liquidate and wind up its business and affairs. After the
close of business on December 31, 2014, if the Trust has not liquidated and
wound up its business and affairs, the Trustees shall proceed to wind up
the affairs of the Trust
and all of the powers of the Trustees under this Declaration shall continue
until the affairs of the Trust shall have been wound up, including the power to
fulfill or discharge the contracts of the Trust, collect its assets, sell,
convey, assign, exchange, merge where
the
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Trust is not the survivor, transfer or
otherwise dispose of all or any part of the remaining Trust Property to one or
more Persons at public or private sale for consideration which may consist in
whole or in part in cash,
securities or other property of any kind, discharge or pay its liabilities, and
do all other acts appropriate to liquidate its business.
(b) After paying or adequately providing for
the payment of all liabilities, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements, as
they deem necessary for their protection, the Trustees may distribute the
remaining Trust Property, in cash or in kind or partly each, among the
Shareholders according to their respective rights.
(c) After the winding up and termination of the Trust and
distribution to the Shareholders as herein provided, a majority of the Trustees
shall execute and lodge among the records of the Trust an instrument in writing
setting forth the fact of such termination and shall execute and file a certificate of
cancellation with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware. Upon termination of the Trust, the Trustees shall thereupon
be discharged from all further liabilities and duties hereunder, and the rights
and interests of all Shareholders shall thereupon
cease.
11.2 Termination. (a) Prior to December 31, 2014, the Trust may be dissolved only upon approval of not less than
eighty percent (80%) of the Trustees. Upon the dissolution of the
Trust:
(i) The Trust shall carry on no business except for the purpose of
winding up its affairs.
(ii) The Trustees shall proceed to wind up
the affairs of the Trust and all of the powers of the Trustees under this
Declaration shall continue until the affairs of the Trust shall have been
wound up, including the
power to fulfill or discharge the contracts of the Trust, collect its assets,
sell, convey, assign, exchange, merge where the Trust is not the survivor,
transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the remaining Trust Property
to one or more Persons at public or
private sale for consideration which may consist in whole or in part in cash,
securities or other property of any kind, discharge or pay its liabilities, and
do all other acts appropriate to liquidate its business; provided that any sale, conveyance, assignment,
exchange, merger in which the Trust is not the survivor, transfer or other
disposition of all or substantially all the Trust Property of the Trust shall
require approval of the principal terms of the transaction and the nature and amount of the
consideration by Shareholders with the same vote as required to open-end the
Trust.
(iii) After paying or adequately providing for
the payment of all liabilities, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities
and refunding agreements,
as they deem necessary for their protection, the Trustees may distribute the
remaining Trust Property, in cash or in kind or partly each, among the
Shareholders according to their respective rights.
(b) After the winding up and termination of
the Trust and distribution
to the Shareholders as herein provided, a majority of the Trustees shall execute
and lodge among the records of the Trust an instrument in writing setting forth
the fact of such termination and shall execute and file a certificate
of cancellation with the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware. Upon termination of the Trust, the Trustees
shall thereupon be discharged from all further liabilities and duties hereunder,
and the rights and interests of all Shareholders shall thereupon cease.
(c)
The Trustees may, to the extent
they deem appropriate, adopt a plan of liquidation at any time preceding the anticipated
termination date, which plan of liquidation may set forth the terms and conditions
for implementing the termination of the Trust's existence under this Article
XI. Shareholders of the Trust shall not be entitled to vote on the
adoption of any such plan or the termination of the Trust's existence under this
Article XI.
11.3 Amendment
Procedure. (a)
Except as provided
in subsection (b) of this
Section 11.3, this Declaration may be amended, after a majority of the Trustees
have approved a resolution therefor, by the affirmative vote required by Section
10.4 of this Declaration. The Trustees also may amend this Declaration
without any vote of Shareholders of any
class or series to divide the Shares of the Trust into one or
more
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classes or additional classes, or one or
more series of any such class or classes, to determine the rights, powers,
preferences, limitations and restrictions of any class or series of
Shares, to change the name of the Trust or any class or series of Shares, to
make any change that does not adversely affect the relative rights or
preferences of any Shareholder, as they may deem necessary, or to conform
this Declaration to the requirements of
the 1940 Act or any other applicable federal laws or regulations including
pursuant to Section 6.2 or the requirements of the regulated investment company
provisions of the Code, but the Trustees shall not be liable for failing to do so.
(b) No amendment may be made to Section 2.1,
Section 2.2, Section 2.3, Section 3.9, Section 5.1, Section 5.2, Section
11.2(a), this Section 11.3, Section 11.4, Section 11.6 or Section 11.7 of this
Declaration and no amendment may be made to this Declaration which would
change any rights with respect to any Shares of the Trust by reducing the amount
payable thereon upon liquidation of the Trust or by diminishing or eliminating
any voting rights pertaining thereto (except that this provision shall not limit the ability of the
Trustees to authorize, and to cause the Trust to issue, other securities
pursuant to Section 6.2), except after a majority of the Trustees have approved
a resolution therefor, by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than seventy-five percent
(75%) of the Shares of each affected class or series outstanding, voting as
separate classes or series, unless such amendment has been approved by eighty
percent (80%) of the Trustees, in which case approval by a Majority Shareholder Vote shall be required.
Nothing contained in this Declaration shall permit the amendment of this
Declaration to impair the exemption from personal liability of the Shareholders,
Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust or to permit assessments upon
Shareholders.
(c) An amendment duly adopted by the
requisite vote of the Board of Trustees and, if required, the Shareholders as
aforesaid, shall become effective at the time of such adoption or at such other
time as may be designated by the Board of Trustees or Shareholders,
as the case may be. A certification in recordable form signed by a majority of
the Trustees setting forth an amendment and reciting that it was duly adopted by
the Trustees and, if required, the Shareholders as aforesaid, or a copy of the Declaration, as
amended, in recordable form, and executed by a majority of the Trustees, shall
be conclusive evidence of such amendment when lodged among the records of the
Trust or at such other time designated by the Board.
Notwithstanding any other provision
hereof, until such time as a Registration Statement under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, covering the first public offering of Shares of the Trust
shall have become effective, this Declaration may be terminated or amended in
any respect by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Trustees or by an
instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees.
11.4 Merger,
Consolidation and Sale of Assets. Except as provided in Section 11.7, the
Trust may merge or consolidate with any other corporation, association, trust or
other organization or may sell, lease or exchange all or substantially all of
the Trust Property or the property, including its good will, upon such terms and conditions and
for such consideration when and as authorized by two-thirds of the Trustees and
approved by a Majority Shareholder Vote and any such merger, consolidation,
sale, lease or exchange shall be determined for all purposes to have been accomplished under and
pursuant to the statutes of the State of Delaware.
11.5 Subsidiaries. Without approval by Shareholders, the
Trustees may cause to be organized or assist in organizing one or more
corporations, trusts, partnerships, associations or other organizations to take
over all of the Trust Property or to carry on any business in which the Trust shall directly or indirectly
have any interest, and to sell, convey and transfer all or a portion of the
Trust Property to any such corporation, trust, limited liability company,
association or organization in exchange for the shares or securities thereof, or otherwise, and to lend
money to, subscribe for the shares or securities of, and enter into any
contracts with any such corporation, trust, limited liability company,
partnership, association or organization, or any corporation,
partnership, trust, limited liability company,
association or organization in which the Trust holds or is about to acquire
shares or any other interests.
11.6 Conversion. Notwithstanding any other provisions of
this Declaration or the By-Laws of the Trust, a favorable vote of a majority of the Trustees then
in office followed by the favorable vote of the holders of
not
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less than seventy-five percent (75%) of
the Shares of each affected class or series outstanding, voting as separate
classes or series, shall be required to approve, adopt or authorize an
amendment to this Declaration that makes the Shares a ''redeemable security'' as
that term is defined in the 1940 Act, unless such amendment has been approved by
eighty percent (80%) of the Trustees, in which case approval by a Majority Shareholder Vote shall
be required. Upon the adoption of a proposal to convert the Trust from a
''closed-end company'' to an ''open-end company'' as those terms are defined by
the 1940 Act and the necessary amendments to this Declaration to permit such a conversion of the
Trust's outstanding Shares entitled to vote, the Trust shall, upon complying
with any requirements of the 1940 Act and state law, become an ''open-end''
investment company. Such affirmative vote or consent shall be in addition to the vote or consent of the
holders of the Shares otherwise required by law, or any agreement between the
Trust and any national securities exchange.
11.7 Certain
Transactions. (a)
Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Declaration and subject to the exceptions provided in paragraph
(d) of this Section, the types of transactions described in paragraph (c) of
this Section shall require the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the
Trustees then in office followed by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than
seventy-five percent (75%) of the Shares of each affected class or series
outstanding, voting as separate classes or series, when a Principal Shareholder
(as defined in paragraph (b) of this Section) is a party to the
transaction. Such affirmative vote or consent
shall be in addition to the vote or consent of the holders of Shares otherwise
required by law or by the terms of any class or series of preferred stock,
whether now or hereafter authorized, or any agreement between the Trust and any national securities
exchange.
(b) The term ''Principal Shareholder'' shall
mean any corporation, Person or other entity which is the beneficial owner,
directly or indirectly, of five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding Shares
of all outstanding classes
or series and shall include any affiliate or associate, as such terms are
defined in clause (ii) below, of a Principal Shareholder. For the purposes of
this Section, in addition to the Shares which a corporation, Person or other
entity beneficially owns directly, (a) any
corporation, Person or other entity shall be deemed to be the beneficial owner
of any Shares (i) which it has the right to acquire pursuant to any agreement or
upon exercise of conversion rights or warrants, or otherwise (but excluding share options granted by
the Trust) or (ii) which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly
(including Shares deemed owned through application of clause (i) above), by any
other corporation, Person or entity with which its ''affiliate'' or ''associate'' (as defined below) has
any agreement, arrangement or understanding for the purpose of acquiring,
holding, voting or disposing of Shares, or which is its ''affiliate'' or
''associate'' as those terms are defined in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (b) the outstanding Shares shall include
Shares deemed owned through application of clauses (i) and (ii) above but shall
not include any other Shares which may be issuable pursuant to any agreement, or upon exercise of
conversion rights or warrants, or otherwise.
(c) This Section shall apply to the
following transactions:
(i) The merger or consolidation of the Trust
or any subsidiary of the Trust with or into any Principal
Shareholder.
(ii) The issuance of any securities of the
Trust to any Principal Shareholder for cash (other than pursuant to any
automatic dividend reinvestment plan).
(iii) The sale, lease or exchange of all or
any substantial part of the assets of the Trust to any Principal Shareholder (except assets having
an aggregate fair market value of less than two percent (2%) of the total assets
of the Trust, aggregating for the purpose of such computation all assets sold,
leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month
period).
(iv) The sale, lease or exchange to the Trust
or any subsidiary thereof, in exchange for securities of the Trust, of any
assets of any Principal Shareholder (except assets having an aggregate fair
market value of less than two percent (2%) of the total assets of
the Trust, aggregating for the purposes of such computation all assets sold,
leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month
period).
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(d) The provisions of this Section shall not
be applicable to (i) any of
the transactions described in paragraph (c) of this Section if eighty percent
(80%) of the Trustees shall by resolution have approved a memorandum of
understanding with such Principal Shareholder with respect to and substantially
consistent with such transaction, in which
case approval by a Majority Shareholder Vote shall be the only vote of
Shareholders required by this Section, or (ii) any such transaction with any
entity of which a majority of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of a stock normally entitled
to vote in elections of directors is owned of record or beneficially by the
Trust and its subsidiaries.
(e) The Board of Trustees shall have the
power and duty to determine for the purposes of this Section on the
basis of information known
to the Trust whether (i) a corporation, person or entity beneficially owns five
percent (5%) or more of the outstanding Shares of any class or series, (ii) a
corporation, person or entity is an ''affiliate'' or ''associate'' (as
defined above) of another, (iii) the
assets being acquired or leased to or by the Trust or any subsidiary thereof
constitute a substantial part of the assets of the Trust and have an aggregate
fair market value of less than two percent (2%) of the total assets of the Trust, and (iv) the memorandum
of understanding referred to in paragraph (d) hereof is substantially consistent
with the transaction covered thereby. Any such determination shall be conclusive
and binding for all purposes of this Section.
ARTICLE XII
Miscellaneous
12.1 Filing. (a) This Declaration and any amendment or
supplement hereto shall be filed in such places as may be required or as the
Trustees deem appropriate. Each amendment or supplement shall be accompanied by
a certificate signed and
acknowledged by a Trustee stating that such action was duly taken in a manner
provided herein, and shall, upon insertion in the Trust's minute book, be
conclusive evidence of all amendments contained therein. A restated Declaration,
containing the original Declaration and all amendments and
supplements theretofore made, may be executed from time to time by a majority of
the Trustees and shall, upon insertion in the Trust's minute book, be conclusive
evidence of all amendments and supplements contained therein and may thereafter be referred to
in lieu of the original Declaration and the various amendments and supplements
thereto.
(b) The Trustees hereby authorize and direct
a Certificate of Trust, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, to be executed
and filed with the Office
of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in accordance with the
Delaware Statutory Trust Act.
12.2 Resident
Agent. The Trust shall maintain a resident
agent in the State of Delaware, which agent shall initially be The
Corporation Trust Company,
0000 Xxxxxx Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx 00000. The Trustees may designate a
successor resident agent, provided, however, that such appointment shall not
become effective until written notice thereof is delivered to the office of
the Secretary of the
State.
12.3 Governing
Law. This Declaration is executed by the
Trustees and delivered in the State of Delaware and with reference to the laws
thereof, and the rights of all parties and the validity and construction of
every provision hereof shall be subject to and construed according to laws of said State and reference
shall be specifically made to the Delaware General Corporation Law as to the
construction of matters not specifically covered herein or as to which an
ambiguity exists, although such law shall not be viewed as limiting the powers otherwise granted to the
Trustees hereunder and any ambiguity shall be viewed in favor of such
powers.
12.4 Counterparts. This Declaration may be simultaneously
executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an
original, and such counterparts, together, shall constitute one and the same
instrument, which shall be sufficiently evidenced by any such original counterpart.
12.5 Reliance by
Third Parties. Any certificate executed by an
individual who, according to the records of the Trust, or of any recording
office in which this Declaration may be recorded, appears to be a Trustee
hereunder, certifying to: (a) the number or identity of Trustees
or Shareholders, (b) the name of the Trust, (c)
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the due authorization of the execution
of any instrument or writing, (d) the form of any vote passed at a meeting of
Trustees or Shareholders, (e) the fact that the number of Trustees or Shareholders present
at any meeting or executing any written instrument satisfies the requirements of
this Declaration, (f) the form of any By Laws adopted by or the identity of any
officers elected by the Trustees, or (g) the existence of any fact or facts which in any
manner relate to the affairs of the Trust, shall be conclusive evidence as to
the matters so certified in favor of any person dealing with the Trustees and
their successors.
12.6 Provisions
in Conflict with Law or Regulation. (a) The provisions of this Declaration are
severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that
any of such provisions is in conflict with the 1940 Act, the regulated
investment company provisions of the Internal Revenue Code or with other applicable laws and
regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted
a part of this Declaration; provided, however, that such determination shall not
affect any of the remaining provisions of this Declaration or render invalid or improper any action
taken or omitted prior to such determination.
(b) If any provision of this Declaration
shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or
unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and
shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any
other provision of this Declaration in any jurisdiction.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has
caused these presents to be executed as of the day and year first above
written.
By:
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/s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx | ||
Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
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Sole
Trustee
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