JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
In accordance with Rule 13d-1(k) (l) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the attached Schedule 13G, and any and all amendments thereto, and expressly authorize Invesco Ltd., as the ultimate parent company of each of its undersigned subsidiaries, to file such Schedule 13G, and any and all amendments thereto, on behalf of each of them.
Dated: 12/31/2014
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: Global Assurance Officer
Invesco Advisers, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
Name: Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
Invesco Canada Ltd.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
Invesco Trust Company
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxx
Name: Xxxxx Xxxxx
Title: General Counsel
Invesco Hong Kong Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Title: Reg. Head of Legal AP
Invesco Asset Management Deutschland GmbH
By: /s/ Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
Name: Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Legal Continental Europe & Cross-Border Funds
Invesco Asset Management Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxx
Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxx
Title: Director of UK Compliance
Invesco Asset Management S.A.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
Name: Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
Title: Deputy-CEO, Invesco Asset Management S.A
Invesco Asset Management S.A.
By: /s/ Bemard Aybran
Name: Xxxxxxx Aybran
Title: Deputy-CEO
Invesco Asset Management Osterreich GmbH
By: /s/ Xxxxxx Xxxxx
Name: Xxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Head of Institutional Business D-A-CH
Invesco Management S.A.
By: /s/ Xxxxx-Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx
Name: Xxxxx-Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Risk Governance
Invesco Taiwan Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
Invesco Asset Management Singapore Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
Invesco Global Asset Management Limited
By: /s/ Xxxxxx X’Xxxxxxxx
Name: Xxxxxx X'Xxxxxxxx
Title: Head of PMO, EU
Invesco PowerShares Capital Management
By: /s/ Xxxxxx Xxxxxx
Name: Xxxxxx Xxxxxx
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
Invesco Investment Advisers, LLC
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxxx
Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxxx
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
Invesco Australia Ltd.
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxx
Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxx
Title: Compliance Manager
