JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
In accordance with Rule 13d-1(k)(l) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, the undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the attached
Schedule 13G, and any and all amendments thereto, and expressly authorize
Invesco Ltd., as the ultimate parent company of each of its undersigned
subsidiaries, to file such Schedule 13G, and any and all amendments thereto, on
behalf of each of them.
Dated: February 9, 2008 Invesco Ltd.
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: Global Compliance Director
AIM Advisors, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Capital Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Funds Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxx
Title: Vice President, Compliance & Chief
Compliance Officer
AIM Private Asset Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxx
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
Invesco National Trust Company
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Assistant General Counsel
Atlantic Trust Company, N.A.
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx XxXxxx
Title: General Counsel
Invesco Hong Kong Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Title: Reg. Head of Legal AP
Invesco Asset Management Deutschland GmbH
By: /s/ Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Legal CE
Invesco Asset Management Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxx
Title: Director of European Compliance
Invesco Asset Management S.A.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx
Title: Chief Regional Officer
Invesco Asset Management Oesterreich GmbH
By: /s/ Xxxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Head of Sales
Invesco Global Asset Management (N.A.), Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Head of Legal WW Institutional
Invesco GT Management Company S.A.
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxx
Title: Director of European Compliance
Invesco Institutional (N.A.), Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Head of Legal WW Institutional
Invesco Management S.A.
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Performance Measurement & Risk
Analysis
Invesco Maximum Income Management S.A.
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Performance Measurement &
Risk Analysis
Invesco Private Capital, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Head of Legal WW Institutional
Invesco Senior Secured Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxx Xxxxx
Title: Head of Legal WW Institutional
Invesco Taiwan Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
Invesco Asset Management (Japan) Limited
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
Invesco Asset Management Ireland Limited
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Performance Measurement &
Risk Analysis
Invesco Kapitalanlagegesellschaft mbH
By: /s/ Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx
Title: Head of Legal CE
PowerShares Capital Management LLC
By: /s/ Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxx
Title: General Counsel, COO & CCO
Xxxxx Xxx Investment Counsel, Inc.
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
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Name: Xxxx Xxxxxxxx
Title: General Counsel
