Revised October 29, 1990
MASTER AGREEMENT AMONG UNDERWRITERS
April 15, 1985
XXXXXXX XXXXX & CO.
XXXXXXX LYNCH, PIERCE, XXXXXX & XXXXX INCORPORATED
Xxxxxxx Xxxxx World Headquarters
North Tower
World Financial Center
New York, N.Y. 10281-1305
Dear Sirs:
We understand that from time to time you may act as
Representative or as one of the Representatives of the several underwriters of
offerings of securities of various issuers. This Agreement shall apply to any
offering of securities in which we elect to act as an underwriter after receipt
of an invitation from you which shall identify the issuer, contain information
regarding certain terms of the securities to be offered and specify the amount
of our proposed participation and the names of the other Representatives, if
any, and that our participation as an underwriter in the offering shall be
subject to the provisions of this Agreement. Your invitation will include
instructions for our acceptance of such invitation. At or prior to the time of
an offering, you will advise us, to the extent applicable, as to the expected
offering date, the expected closing date, the initial offering price, the
interest or dividend rate (or the method by which such rate is to be
determined), the conversion price, the underwriting discount, the management
fee, the selling concession and the reallowance, except that if the offering
price of the securities is to be determined as contemplated by Rule 430A under
the Securities Act of 1933 (such procedure being hereinafter referred to as
"430A Pricing"), you shall so advise us and shall specify the maximum
underwriting discount, management fee and selling concession. Such information
may be conveyed by you in one or more communications (such communications
received by us with respect to the offering are hereinafter collectively
referred to as the "Invitation"). If the Purchase Agreement (as hereinafter
defined) provides for the granting of an option to purchase additional
securities to cover over-allotments or otherwise (an "over-allotment option"),
you will notify us, in the Invitation, of such option and of our maximum
obligation upon exercise of such option.
This Agreement, as amended or supplemented by the Invitation,
shall become effective with respect to our participation in an offering of
securities if you receive our oral or written acceptance and you do not receive
a written communication revoking our acceptance prior to the time and date
specified in the Invitation (our unrevoked acceptance after expiration of such
time and date being hereinafter referred to as our "Acceptance"). Our Acceptance
will constitute our confirmation that, except as otherwise stated in such
Acceptance, each statement included in the Master Underwriters' Questionnaire
set forth as Exhibit A hereto (or otherwise furnished to us) is correct. The
issuer of the securities in any offering of securities made pursuant to this
Agreement is hereinafter referred to as the "Issuer". If the Purchase Agreement
does not provide for an over-allotment option, the securities to be purchased
are hereinafter referred to as the "Securities"; if the Purchase Agreement
provides for an over-allotment option, the securities the Underwriters (as
hereinafter defined) are initially obligated to purchase pursuant to the
Purchase Agreement are hereinafter called the "Initial Securities" and any
additional securities which may be purchased upon exercise of the over-allotment
option are hereinafter called the "Option Securities", with the Initial
Securities and all or any part of the Option Securities being hereinafter
collectively referred to as the "Securities". Any underwriters of Securities
under this Agreement, including the Representatives (as hereinafter defined),
are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Underwriters". All references
herein to "you" or to the "Representatives" shall mean Xxxxxxx Lynch, Pierce,
Xxxxxx & Xxxxx Incorporated and the other firms, if any, which are named as
Representatives in the Invitation. The Securities to be offered may, but need
not, be registered for a delayed or continuous offering pursuant to Rule 415
under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act").
The following provisions of this Agreement shall apply
separately to each individual offering of Securities. This Agreement may be
supplemented or amended by you by written notice to us and, except for
supplements or amendments set forth in an Invitation relating to a particular
offering of Securities, any such supplement or amendment to this Agreement shall
be effective with respect to any offering of Securities to which this Agreement
applies after this Agreement is so amended or supplemented.
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Section 1. Purchase Agreement; Authority of Representatives. We
authorize you to execute and deliver a purchase agreement and any amendment or
supplement thereto and any associated Terms Agreement or other similar agreement
(collectively, the "Purchase Agreement") on our behalf with the Issuer and/or
any selling securityholder with respect to the Securities in such form as you
determine. We will be bound by all terms of the Purchase Agreement as executed.
We understand that changes may be made in those who are to be Underwriters, and
in the amount of Securities to be purchased by them, but the amount of
Securities to be purchased by us in accordance with the terms of this Agreement,
including the maximum amount of Option Securities, if any, which we may become
obligated to purchase by reason of the exercise of any over-allotment option
provided in the Purchase Agreement, shall not be changed without our consent
except as provided in the Purchase Agreement.
As Representatives of the Underwriters, you are authorized to
take such action as you deem necessary or advisable to carry out this Agreement,
the Purchase Agreement, and the purchase and sale of the Securities, and to
agree to any waiver or modification of any provision of the Purchase Agreement.
To the extent applicable, you are also authorized to determine (i) the amount of
Option Securities, if any, to be purchased by the Underwriters pursuant to any
over-allotment option and (ii) with respect to offerings using 430A Pricing, the
initial offering price and the price at which the Securities are to be purchased
in accordance with the Purchase Agreement. It is understood and agreed that
Xxxxxxx Lynch, Pierce, Xxxxxx & Xxxxx Incorporated may act on behalf of all
Representatives.
It is understood that, if so specified in the Invitation,
arrangements may be made for the sale of Securities by the Issuer pursuant to
delayed delivery contracts (hereinafter referred to as "Delayed Delivery
Contracts"). References herein to delayed delivery and Delayed Delivery
Contracts apply only to offerings to which delayed delivery is applicable. The
term "underwriting obligation", as used in this Agreement with respect to any
Underwriter, shall refer to the amount of Securities, including any Option
Securities (plus such additional Securities as may be required by the Purchase
Agreement in the event of a default by one or more of the Underwriters) which
such Underwriter is obligated to purchase pursuant to the provisions of the
Purchase Agreement, without regard to any reduction in such obligation as a
result of Delayed Delivery Contracts which may be entered into by the Issuer.
If the Securities consist in whole or in part of debt
obligations maturing serially, the serial Securities being purchased by each
Underwriter pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will consist, subject to
adjustment as provided in the Purchase Agreement, of serial Securities of each
maturity in a principal amount which bears the same proportion to the aggregate
principal amount of the serial Securities of such maturity to be purchased by
all the Underwriters as the respective principal amount of serial Securities set
forth opposite such Underwriter's name in the Purchase Agreement bears to the
aggregate principal amount of the serial Securities to be purchased by all the
Underwriters.
Section 2. Registration Statement and Prospectus; Offering
Circular. In the case of an Invitation regarding an offer of Securities
registered under the 1933 Act (a "Registered Offering"), you will furnish to us,
to the extent made available to you by the Issuer, copies of any registration
statement or registration statements relating to the Securities which may be
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") pursuant to
the 1933 Act and of each amendment thereto (excluding exhibits but including any
documents incorporated by reference therein). Such registration statement(s) as
amended, and the prospectus(es) relating to the sale of Securities by the Issuer
constituting a part thereof, including all documents incorporated therein by
reference, as from time to time amended or supplemented by the filing of
documents pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "1934 Act"), the
1933 Act or otherwise, are referred to herein as the "Registration Statement"
and the "Prospectus", respectively; provided however, that a supplement to the
Prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 under the 1933 Act
with respect to an offering of Securities (a "Prospectus Supplement") shall be
deemed to have supplemented the Prospectus only with respect to the offering of
Securities to which it relates.
With respect to Securities for which no Registration Statement
is filed with the Commission, you will furnish to us, to the extent made
available to you by the Issuer, copies of any private placement memorandum,
offering circular or other offering materials to be used in connection with the
offering of the Securities and of each amendment thereto (the "Offering
Circular").
Section 3. Offering. The sale of the securities to the public
shall commence as soon as you deem advisable. We will not sell any Securities
until they are released by you for that purpose. When notified by you that the
Securities are released for sale, we will offer in conformity with the terms of
the offering set forth in the Prospectus or Offering Circular, such or the
Securities to be purchased by us as are not reserved for our account for sale to
Selected Dealers
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and others pursuant to Section 5. After the initial offering, the offering price
and the concession and discount therefrom may be changed by you by notice to the
Underwriters, and we agree to be bound by any such change.
If, in accordance with the terms of offering set forth in the
Prospectus or Offering Circular, the offering of the Securities is not at a
fixed price but at varying prices set by individual Underwriters based on market
prices or at negotiated prices, the provisions above relating to your right to
change the offering price and concession and discount to dealers shall not
apply, and other references in this Section and elsewhere in this Agreement to
the offering price or Selected Dealers' concession shall be deemed to mean the
prices and concessions determined by you from time to time in your discretion.
Unless otherwise permitted in the Invitation, we will not sell
any Securities to any account over which we have discretionary authority. We
will also comply with any other restrictions which may be set forth in the
Invitation.
The initial public advertisement, if any, with respect to the
Securities shall appear on such date, and shall include the names of such of the
Underwriters. as you may determine.
Section 4. Delayed Delivery Arrangements. We authorize you to
act on our behalf in making all arrangements for the solicitation of offers to
purchase Securities from the Issuer pursuant to Delayed Delivery Contracts, and
we agree that all such arrangements will be made only through you (directly or
through Underwriters or Selected Dealers). You may allow to Selected Dealers in
respect to such Securities a commission equal to the concession allowed to
Selected Dealers pursuant to Section 5.
The obligations of the Underwriters shall be reduced in the
aggregate by the principal amount of Securities covered by Delayed Delivery
Contracts made by the Issuer, the obligation of each Underwriter to be reduced
by the principal amount of such Securities, if any, allocated by you to such
Underwriter. Your determination of the allocation of Securities covered by
Delayed Delivery Contracts among the several Underwriters shall be final and
conclusive, and we agree to be bound by any notice delivered by you to the
Issuer setting forth the amount of the reduction in our obligation as a result
of Delayed Delivery Contracts.
Upon receiving payment from the Issuer of the fee for arranging
Delayed Delivery Contracts, you will credit our account with the portion of such
fee applicable to the Securities covered by Delayed Delivery Contracts allocated
to us. You will charge our account with any commission allocated to Selected
Dealers in respect of Securities covered by Delayed Delivery Contracts allocated
to us.
Section 5. Offering to Selected Dealers and Others; Management
of Offering. We authorize you, for our account, to reserve for sale and sell to
dealers ("Selected Dealers"), among whom any of the Underwriters may be
included, such amount of Securities to be purchased by us as you shall
determine. Reservations for sales to Selected Dealers for our account need not
be in proportion to our underwriting obligation, but sales of Securities
reserved for our account for sale to Selected Dealers shall be made as nearly as
practicable in the ratio which the amount of Securities reserved for our account
bears to the aggregate amount of Securities reserved for the account of all
Underwriters, as calculated from day to day. Sales to Selected Dealers may be
made under the Xxxxxxx Lynch, Pierce, Xxxxxx & Xxxxx Incorporated Standard
Dealer Agreement, or otherwise. The price to Selected Dealers initially shall be
the offering price less a concession not in excess of the Selected Dealers
concession set forth in the Invitation. Selected Dealers shall be actually
engaged in the investment banking or securities business and shall be either (i)
members in good standing of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
(the "NASD") or (ii) dealers with their principal place of business located
outside the United States, its territories and its possessions and not
registered under the 1934 Act who agree to make no sales within the United
States, its territories or its possessions or to persons who are nationals
thereof or residents therein or (iii) banks that are not eligible for membership
in the NASD. Each Selected Dealer shall agree to comply with the provisions of
Section 24 of Article III of the Rules of Fair Practice of the NASD, and each
foreign Selected Dealer or bank who is not a member of the NASD also shall agree
to comply with the NASD's interpretation with respect to free-riding and
withholding, to comply, as though it were a member of the NASD, with the
provisions of Sections 8 and 36 of Article III of such Rules of Fair Practice,
and to comply with Section 25 of Article III thereof as that Section applies to
a non-member foreign dealer or bank.
With your consent, the Underwriters may allow, and Selected
Dealers may reallow, a discount on sales to any dealer who meets the above NASD
requirements in an amount not in excess of the amount set forth in the
Invitation. Upon your request, we will advise you of the identity of any dealer
to whom we allow such a discount and any Underwriter or Selected Dealer from
whom we receive such a discount.
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We also authorize you, for our account, to reserve for sale and
to sell Securities to be purchased by us at the offering price to others,
including institutions and retail purchasers. Except for such sales which are
designated by a purchaser to be for the account of a particular Underwriter,
such reservations and sales shall be made its nearly as practicable in
proportion to our underwriting obligation, unless you agree to a smaller
proportion at our request.
At or before the time the Securities are released for sale, you
shall notify us of the amount of Securities which have not been reserved for our
account for sale to Selected Dealers and others and which is to be retained by
us for direct sale.
We will from time to time, upon your request, report to you the
amount of Securities retained by us for direct sale which remains unsold and,
upon your request, deliver to you for our account, or sell to you for the
account of one or more of the Underwriters, such amount of unsold Securities as
you may designate at the offering price less an amount determined by you not in
excess of the concession to Selected. Dealers. You may also repurchase
Securities from other Underwriters and Selected Dealers, for the account of one
or more of the Underwriters, at prices determined by you not in excess of the
offering price less the concession to Selected Dealers.
You may from time to time deliver to any Underwriter, for
carrying purposes or for sale by such Underwriter, any of the Securities then
reserved for sale to, but not purchased and paid for by, Selected Dealers or
others as above provided, but to the extent that Securities are so delivered for
sale by such Underwriter, the amount of Securities then reserved for the account
of such Underwriter shall be correspondingly reduced. Securities delivered for
carrying purposes only shall be redelivered to you upon demand.
The Underwriters and Selected Dealers may, with your consent,
purchase Securities from and sell Securities to each other at the offering price
less a concession not in excess of the concession to Selected Dealers.
Section 6. Repurchase of Securities Not Effectively Placed. In
recognition of the importance of distributing the Securities to bona fide
investors, we agree to repurchase on demand any Securities sold by us, except
through you, which are purchased by you in the open market or otherwise during a
period terminating as provided in Section 16, at a price equal to the cost of
such purchase, including accrued interest, amortization of original issue
discount or dividends, commissions and transfer and other taxes, if any, on
redelivery. The certificates delivered to us need not be identical certificates
delivered to you in respect of the Securities purchased. In lieu of requiring
repurchase, you may, in your discretion, sell such Securities for our account at
such prices, upon such terms and to such persons, including any of the other
Underwriters, as you may determine, charging the amount of any loss and expense,
or crediting the amount of any net profit, resulting from such sale, to our
account, or you may charge our account with an amount determined by you not in
excess of the concession to Selected Dealers.
Section 7. Stabilization and Over-Allotment. In order to
facilitate the sale of the Securities, we authorize you, in your discretion, to
purchase and sell Securities or any other securities of the Issuer or any
guarantor of the Securities specified in the Invitation in the open market or
otherwise, for long or short account, at such prices as you may determine, and,
in arranging for sales to Selected Dealers or others, to over-allot. You may
liquidate any long position or cover any short position incurred pursuant to
this Section at such prices as you may determine. You shall make such purchases
and sales (including over-allotments) for the accounts of the Underwriters as
nearly as practicable in proportion to their respective underwriting
obligations. It is understood that, in connection with any particular offering
of Securities to which this Agreement applies, you may have made purchases of
securities of the Issuer or securities. of any guarantor of the Securities for
stabilizing purposes prior to the time when we become an Underwriter, and we
agree that any such securities so purchased shall be treated as having been
purchased for the respective accounts of the Underwriters, pursuant to the
foregoing authorization. At the close of business on any day our net commitment,
either for long or short account, resulting from such purchases or sales
(including over-allotments) shall not exceed 20% (or such other amount as any be
specified in the Invitation) of our underwriting obligation, except that such
percentage may be increased with the approval of a majority in interest of the
Underwriters. We will take up at cost on demand any Securities or other
securities of the Issuer or any securities of any guarantor of the Securities so
sold or over-allotted for our account, including accrued interest, amortization
of original issue discount or dividends, and we will pay to you on demand the
amount of any losses or expenses incurred for our account pursuant to this
Section. In the event of default by any Underwriter in respect of its
obligations under this Section, each non-defaulting Underwriter shall assume its
share of the obligations of such defaulting Underwriter in the proportion that
its underwriting obligation bears to the underwriting obligations of all
non-defaulting Underwriters without relieving such defaulting Underwriter of its
liability hereunder.
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If you effect any stabilizing purchase pursuant to this Section,
you shall promptly notify us of the date and time of the first stabilizing
purchase and the date and time when stabilizing was terminated. You shall
prepare and maintain such records as are required to be maintained by you as
manager pursuant to Rule 17a-2 under the 1934 Act.
Section 8. Open Market Transactions. We represent and agree in
connection with the offering of Securities we have complied and will comply with
the provisions of Rule 10b-6 under the 1934 Act with regard to trading in the
Securities. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, we agree that, in addition
to the Securities, other securities of the Issuer or securities of any guarantor
of the Securities or the right or option to purchase or otherwise acquire any
securities of the Issuer or any securities of any guarantor of the Securities
specified in the Invitation shall be considered securities of the same class and
series as the Securities.
Section 9. Payment and Delivery. At or before such time, on such
dates and at such places as you may specify in the Invitation, we will deliver
to you a certified or official bank check in such funds as are specified in the
Invitation, payable to the order of Xxxxxxx Lynch, Pierce, Xxxxxx & Xxxxx
Incorporated (unless otherwise specified in the Invitation) in an amount equal
to, as you direct, either (i) the differing price or prices plus incurred
interest, amortization of original issue discount or dividends, if any, set
forth in the Prospectus or Offering Circular less the concession to Selected
Dealers in respect of the amount of Securities to be purchased by us in
accordance with the terms of this Agreement, or (ii) the amount set forth in the
Invitation with respect to the Securities to be purchased by us. We authorize
you to make payment for our account of the purchase price for the Securities to
be purchased by us against delivery to you of such Securities (which may be in
temporary form), and the difference between such purchase price of the
Securities and the amount of our funds delivered to you therefor shall be
credited to our account.
Delivery to us of Securities retained by us for direct sale
shall be made by you as soon as practicable after your receipt of the
Securities. Upon termination of the provisions of this Agreement as provided in
Section 16, you shall deliver to us any Securities reserved for our account for
sale to Selected Dealers and others which remain unsold at that time.
You are authorized to make appropriate arrangements for payment
for and/or delivery through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company or
any such other depository or similar facility, the Securities to be purchased by
us, or, if we are not a member, settlement may be made through a correspondent
that is a member pursuant to our timely instructions to you.
Upon receiving payment for Securities sold for our account to
Selected Dealers and others, you shall remit to us an amount equal to the amount
paid by us to you in respect of such Securities and credit or charge our account
with the difference, if any, between such amount and the price at which such
Securities were sold.
In the event that the Purchase Agreement for an offering
provides for the payment of a commission or other compensation to the
Underwriters, we authorize you to receive such commission or other compensation
for our account.
Section 10. Management Compensation. As compensation for your
services in the management of the offering, we will pay you an amount equal to
the management fee specified in the Invitation in respect of the Securities to
be purchased by us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and we authorize you to
charge our account with such amount. If there is more than one Representative,
such compensation shall be divided among the Representatives in such proportions
as they may determine.
Section 11. Authority to Borrow. We authorize you to advance
your own funds for our account, charging current interest rates, or to arrange
loans for our account or the account of the Underwriters, as you may deem
necessary or advisable for the purchase, carrying, sale and distribution of the
Securities. You may execute and deliver any notes or other instruments required
in connection therewith and may hold or pledge as security therefor all or any
part of the Securities which we or such Underwriters have agreed to purchase,
The obligations of the Underwriters under loans arranged on their behalf shall
be several in proportion to their respective participations in such loans, and
not joint. Any lender is authorized to accept your instructions as to the
disposition of the proceeds of any such loans. You shall credit each Underwriter
with the proceeds of any loans made for its account.
Section 12. Legal Qualifications. You shall inform us, upon
request, of the states and other jurisdictions of the United States in which it
is believed that the Securities are qualified for sale under, or are exempt from
the requirements of, their respective securities laws, but you assume no
responsibility with respect to our right to sell
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Securities in any jurisdiction. You are authorized to file with the Department
of State of the State of New York a Further State Notice with respect to the
Securities, if necessary.
If we propose to offer Securities outside the United States, its
territories or its possessions, we will take. at our own expense, such action,
if any, as may be necessary to comply with the laws of each foreign jurisdiction
in which we propose to offer Securities.
Section 13. Membership in National Association of Securities
Dealers, Foreign Underwriters and Banks. We understand that you are a member in
good standing of the NASD. We confirm that we are actually engaged in the
investment banking or securities business and are either (i) a member in good
standing of the NASD or (ii) a dealer with its principal place of business
located outside the United States, its territories and its possessions and not
registered under the 1934 Act who hereby agrees to make no sales within the
United States, its territories or its possessions or to persons who are.
nationals thereof or residents therein (except that we may participate in sales
to Selected Dealers and others under Section 5 of this Agreement) or (iii) a
bank not eligible for membership in the NASD. We hereby agree to comply with
Section 24 or Article III of the Rules of Fair Practice of the NASD, and if we
are a foreign dealer or bank and not a member of the NASD we also hereby agree
to comply with the NASD's interpretation with respect to free-riding and
withholding, to comply, as though we were a member of the NASD, with the
provisions of Sections 8 and 36 of Article III of such Rules of Fair Practice,
and to comply with Section 25 of Article III thereof as that Section applies to
a non-member foreign dealer or bank.
Section 14. Distribution of Prospectuses; Offering Circulars. We
are familiar with Securities Act of 1933 Release No. 4968 and Rule 15c2-8 under
the 1934 Act, relating to the distribution of preliminary and final
prospectuses, and we confirm that we will comply therewith, to the extent
applicable, in connection with any sale of Securities. You shall cause to be
made available to us, to the extent made available to you by the Issuer, such
number of copies of the Prospectus as we may reasonably request for purposes
contemplated by the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder.
Our Acceptance of an Invitation relating to an offering made
pursuant to an Offering Circular shall constitute our agreement that, if
requested by you, we will furnish a copy of any amendment to a preliminary or
final Offering Circular to each person to whom we shall have furnished a
previous preliminary or final Offering Circular. Our Acceptance shall constitute
our confirmation that we have delivered and our agreement that we will deliver
all preliminary and final Offering Circulars required for compliance with the
applicable federal and state laws and the applicable rules and regulations of
any regulatory body promulgated thereunder governing the use and distribution of
offering circulars by underwriters and any additional instructions contained in
the Invitation and, to the extent consistent with such laws, rules and
regulations, our Acceptance shall constitute our confirmation that we have
delivered and our agreement that we will deliver all preliminary and final
Offering Circulars which would be required if the provisions of Rule 15c2-8 (or
any successor provision) under the 1934 Act applied to such offering.
Section 15. Net Capital. The incurrence by us of our obligations
hereunder and under the Purchase Agreement in connection with the offering of
the Securities will not place us in violation of the net capital requirements of
Rule 15c3-1 under the 1934 Act, or, if we are a financial institution subject to
regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the
Comptroller of the Currency or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, will
not place us in violation of the capital requirements of such regulator or any
other regulator to which we are subject.
Section 16. Termination. With respect to each offering of
Securities pursuant to this Agreement, all limitations in this Agreement on the
price at which the Securities may be sold, the period of time referred to in
Section 6, the authority granted by the first sentence of Section 7, and the
restrictions contained in Section 8 shall terminate at the close of business on
the 45th day after the commencement of the offering of such Securities. You may
terminate any or all of such provisions at any time prior thereto by notice to
the Underwriters. All other provisions of this Agreement shall remain operative
and in full force and effect with respect to such offering.
Section 17. Expense and Settlement. You may charge our account
with any transfer taxes on sales of Securities made for our account and with our
proportionate share (based upon our underwriting obligation) of all other
expenses incurred by you under this Agreement or otherwise in connection with
the purchase, carrying, sale or distribution of the Securities. With respect to
each offering of Securities pursuant to this Agreement, the respective accounts
of the Underwriters shall be settled as promptly as practicable after the
termination of all the provisions of this Agreement as provided in Section 16,
but you may reserve such amounts as you may deem advisable for additional
expenses. Your determination of the amount to be paid to or by us shall be
conclusive. You may at any time make partial distributions of credit balances or
call for payment of debit balances. Any of our funds in your
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hands may be held with your general funds without accountability for interest.
Notwithstanding any settlement, we will remain liable for any taxes on transfers
for our account and for our proportionate share (based upon our underwriting
obligation) of all expenses and liabilities which may be incurred by or for the
accounts of the Underwriters with respect to each offering of Securities
pursuant to this Agreement.
Section 18. Indemnification. With respect to each offering of
Securities pursuant to this Agreement, we will indemnify and hold harmless each
other Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls each other Underwriter
within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act, to the extent that and on the
terms upon which we agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Issuer and other
specified persons as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.
Section 19. Claims Against Underwriters. With respect to each
offering of Securities pursuant to this Agreement, if at any time any person
other than an Underwriter assets a claim (including any commenced or threatened
investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body) against one or
more of the Underwriters or against you as Representatives of the Underwriters
arising out of an alleged untrue statement or omission in the Registration
Statement (or any amendment thereto) or in any preliminary prospectus or the
Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or in any preliminary or
final Offering Circular, or relating to any transaction contemplated by this
Agreement, we authorize you to make such investigation, to retain such counsel
for the Underwriters and to take such action in the defense of such claim as you
may deem necessary or advisable. You may settle such claim with the approval of
a majority in interest of the Underwriters. We will pay our proportionate share
(based upon our underwriting obligation) of all expenses incurred by you
(including the fees and expenses of counsel for the Underwriters) as incurred,
in investigating and defending against such claim and our proportionate share of
the aggregate liability incurred by all Underwriters in respect to such claim
(after deducting any contribution or indemnification obtained pursuant to the
Purchase Agreement, or otherwise, from persons other than Underwriters), whether
such liability is the result of a judgment against one or more of the
Underwriters or the result of any such settlement. Any Underwriter may retain
separate counsel at its own expense. A claim against or liability incurred by a
person who controls an Underwriter shall be deemed to have been made against or
incurred by such Underwriter. In the event of default by any Underwriter in
respect of its obligations under this Section, the non-defaulting Underwriters
shall be obligated to pay the full amount thereof in the proportions that their
respective underwriting obligations bear to the underwriting obligations of all
non-defaulting Underwriters without relieving such defaulting Underwriter of its
liability hereunder.
Section 20. Default by Underwriters. Default by any Underwriter
in respect of its obligations hereunder or under the Purchase Agreement shall
not release us from any of our obligations or in any way affect the liability of
such defaulting Underwriter to the other Underwriters for damages resulting from
such default. If one or more Underwriters default under the Purchase Agreement,
if provided in such Purchase Agreement you may (but shall not be obligated to)
arrange for the purchase by others, which may include yourselves or other
non-defaulting Underwriters, of all or a portion of the Securities not taken up
by the defaulting Underwriters.
In the event that such arrangements are made, the respective
underwriting obligations of the non-defaulting Underwriters and the amounts of
the Securities to be purchased by others, if any, shall be taken as the basis
for all rights and obligations hereunder; but this shall not in any way affect
the liability of any defaulting Underwriter to the other Underwriters for
damages resulting from its default, nor shall any such default relieve any other
Underwriter of any of its obligations hereunder or under the Purchase Agreement
except as herein or therein provided. In addition, in the event of default by
one or more Underwriters in respect of their obligations under the Purchase
Agreement to purchase the Securities agreed to be purchased by them thereunder
and, to the extent that arrangements shall not have been made by you for any
person to assume the obligations of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters,
we agree, if provided in the Purchase Agreement, to assume our proportionate
share, based upon our underwriting obligation, of the obligations of each such
defaulting Underwriter (subject to the limitations contained in the Purchase
Agreement) without relieving such defaulting Underwriter of its liability
therefor.
In the event of default by one or more Underwriters in respect
of their obligations under this Agreement to take up and pay for any securities
purchased, or to deliver any securities sold or over-allotted, by you for the
respective accounts of the Underwriters, or to bear their proportion of expenses
or liabilities pursuant to this Agreement and to the extent that arrangements
shall not have been made by you for any persons to assume the obligation!s of
such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, we agree to assume our
proportionate share, based upon our respective underwriting obligation, of the
obligations of each defaulting Underwriter without relieving any such defaulting
Underwriter of its liability therefor.
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Section 21. Legal Responsibility. As Representatives of the
Underwriters, you shall have no liability to us, except for your lack of good
faith and for obligations assumed by you in this Agreement and except that we do
not waive any rights that we may have under the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act or the
rules and regulations thereunder. No obligations not expressly assumed by you in
this Agreement shall be implied herefrom.
Nothing herein contained shall constitute the Underwriters an
association, or partners, with you, or with each other, or, except as otherwise
provided herein or in the Purchase Agreement, render any Underwriter liable for
the obligations of any other Underwriter; and the rights, obligations and
liabilities of the Underwriters are several in accordance with their respective
underwriting obligations, and not joint.
If the Underwriters are deemed to constitute a partnership for
federal income tax purposes, we elect to be excluded from the application of
Subchapter K, Chapter 1, Subtitle A, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as
amended, and agree not to take any position inconsistent with such election, and
you, as Representatives, are authorized, in your discretion, to execute on
behalf of the Underwriters such evidence of such election as may be required by
the Internal Revenue Service.
Unless we have promptly notified you in writing otherwise, our
name as it should appear in the Prospectus or Offering Circular and our address
are set forth on the signature pages hereof.
Section 22. Notices. Any notice from you shall be deemed to have
been duly given if mailed or transmitted to us at our address appearing below.
Section 23. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by
the laws of the State of Now York applicable to agreements made and to be
performed in said State.
Please confirm this Agreement and deliver a copy to us.
Very truly yours,
Name of Firm:
By:
-------------------------
Authorized Officer or Partner
Address:
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Confirmed as of the date first above written.
XXXXXXX LYNCH, PIERCE, XXXXXX & XXXXX
INCORPORATED
By: /s/ Xxxx Xxxxxxxxx
-------------------
Name: Xxxx X. Xxxxxxxxx
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