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Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are highly fluorinated compounds. Some PFASs are environmentally persistent and possess a strong surface tension lowering potential (Kissa 2001). Manufacturing of some PFASs has spanned over five decades, and they are used in industrial processes (for instance production of fluoropolymers) and in products such as water and stain proofing agents, lubricants, paints and fire-fighting foams (Kissa 2001; Prevedouros et al. 2006). PFASs have been found globally in wildlife (Giesy and Kannan 2001; Houde et al. 2006), and PFASs tend to bind to serum proteins and accumulate in blood and protein rich tissues of exposed organisms (Vanden Heuvel et al. 1991; Jones et al. 2003; Holmstrom and Berger 2008). Increasing chain length of PFASs generally results in increased bioaccumulation (Martin et al. 2003). Human exposure to PFASs is also occurring globally, reflected by the finding of detectable levels of PFASs in human blood in most of the studied areas of t
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