Airway Smooth Muscle in asthma pathogenesis Sample Clauses

Airway Smooth Muscle in asthma pathogenesis. Xxxxx and Xxxxxxx were the first to describe an increase in ASM tissue in the airways of asthmatics (Xxxxx & Xxxxxxxx 1922). Airway smooth muscle occupies a greater role in asthma patients than healthy individuals (Xxx et al. 2008) and is the most significant cellular change contributing to airway wall remodelling (Xxxxxxx et al. 1993). Increased smooth muscle mass in asthma may be caused by the proliferative and growth inducing effects of cytokines (Xxxxxxx & El Xxxxxx 2004). Multiple other mechanisms may contribute; including constitutional increases from birth caused by genetic, early life and environmental influences and decreased apoptosis/prolonged cell survival (Xxx & Xxxxxx 2005). Animal studies suggest that repeated chronic allergen exposure, causing airways inflammation can increase smooth muscle mass along with other features of airway remodelling (Xxxxx et al. 2004). On the other hand, once established, persistent AHR is likely to depend on the persistence of increased ASM mass which has the potential to dominate the mechanical response of the remodelled asthmatic airway (Xxxxxx et al. 2007), rather than the persistence of inflammation. It could therefore be argued that regulation of this remodelling is the most important therapeutic target especially for treatment of chronic, severe asthma. Xxxx et al assessed airway remodelling by determining the area and integrity of the epithelium, the smooth muscle mass, and the distance between the epithelium and ASM on bronchial biopsy tissues (Xxxx et al. 2005). It was found that ASM area was greater in subjects with severe asthma than in subjects with moderate asthma, and also the distance between the epithelial and ASM layers was less in the severe group than in the moderate group (Xxxx et al. 2005). They came to a conclusion that smooth muscle alteration is the key structural change that distinguishes severe asthma from moderate asthma. This altered structure might explain why patients with severe asthma are clinically more symptomatic when compared with subjects with moderate asthma (Xxxx et al.
Sample 1Sample 2
AutoNDA by SimpleDocs

Related to Airway Smooth Muscle in asthma pathogenesis

  • Teaching Staff Assigned to More Than One Building Each Educator who is assigned to more than one building will be evaluated by the appropriate administrator where the individual is assigned most of the time. The principal of each building in which the Educator serves must review and sign the evaluation, and may add written comments. In cases where there is no predominate assignment, the superintendent will determine who the primary evaluator will be.

  • Loop Provisioning Involving Integrated Digital Loop Carriers 2.6.1 Where InterGlobe has requested an Unbundled Loop and BellSouth uses IDLC systems to provide the local service to the End User and BellSouth has a suitable alternate facility available, BellSouth will make such alternative facilities available to InterGlobe. If a suitable alternative facility is not available, then to the extent it is technically feasible, BellSouth will implement one of the following alternative arrangements for InterGlobe (e.g. hairpinning):

  • Required Coverages For Generation Resources Of 20 Megawatts Or Less Each Constructing Entity shall maintain the types of insurance as described in section 11.1 paragraphs (a) through (e) above in an amount sufficient to insure against all reasonably foreseeable direct liabilities given the size and nature of the generating equipment being interconnected, the interconnection itself, and the characteristics of the system to which the interconnection is made. Additional insurance may be required by the Interconnection Customer, as a function of owning and operating a Generating Facility. All insurance shall be procured from insurance companies rated “A-,” VII or better by AM Best and authorized to do business in a state or states in which the Interconnection Facilities are located. Failure to maintain required insurance shall be a Breach of the Interconnection Construction Service Agreement.

  • Surgery Services and Mastectomy Related Treatment This plan provides benefits for mastectomy surgery and mastectomy-related services in accordance with the Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act of 1998 and Rhode Island General Law 27-20-29 et seq. For the member receiving mastectomy-related benefits, coverage will be provided in a manner determined in consultation with the attending physician, physician assistant, or an advance practice registered nurse and the patient, for: • all stages of reconstruction of the breast on which the mastectomy was performed; • surgery and reconstruction of the other breast to produce a symmetrical appearance; • prostheses; and • treatment of physical complications at all stages of the mastectomy, including lymphedema. See the Summary of Medical Benefits for the amount you pay.

  • NO HARDSTOP/PASSIVE LICENSE MONITORING Unless an Authorized User is otherwise specifically advised to the contrary in writing at the time of order and prior to purchase, Contractor hereby warrants and represents that the Product and all Upgrades do not and will not contain any computer code that would disable the Product or Upgrades or impair in any way its operation based on the elapsing of a period of time, exceeding an authorized number of copies, advancement to a particular date or other numeral, or other similar self-destruct mechanisms (sometimes referred to as “time bombs,” “time locks,” or “drop dead” devices) or that would permit Contractor to access the Product to cause such disablement or impairment (sometimes referred to as a “trap door” device). Contractor agrees that in the event of a breach or alleged breach of this provision that Authorized User shall not have an adequate remedy at law, including monetary damages, and that Authorized User shall consequently be entitled to seek a temporary restraining order, injunction, or other form of equitable relief against the continuance of such breach, in addition to any and all remedies to which Authorized User shall be entitled.

  • Access Toll Connecting Trunk Group Architecture 9.2.1 If CBB chooses to subtend a Verizon access Tandem, CBB’s NPA/NXX must be assigned by CBB to subtend the same Verizon access Tandem that a Verizon NPA/NXX serving the same Rate Center Area subtends as identified in the LERG.

  • Tuberculosis Examination The examination shall consist of an approved intradermal tuberculosis test, which, if positive, shall be followed by an X-ray of the lungs. Nothing in Sections 5163 to 5163.2, inclusive, shall prevent the governing body of any city or county, upon recommendation of the local health officer, from establishing a rule requiring a more extensive or more frequent examination than required by Section 5163 and this section. § 5163.2. Technician taking X-ray film; Interpretation of X-ray The X-ray film may be taken by a competent and qualified X-ray technician if the X-ray film is subsequently interpreted by a licensed physician and surgeon.

  • Mastectomy Services Inpatient This plan provides coverage for a minimum of forty-eight (48) hours in a hospital following a mastectomy and a minimum of twenty-four (24) hours in a hospital following an axillary node dissection. Any decision to shorten these minimum coverages shall be made by the attending physician in consultation with and upon agreement with you. If you participate in an early discharge, defined as inpatient care following a mastectomy that is less than forty-eight (48) hours and inpatient care following an axillary node dissection that is less than twenty-four (24) hours, coverage shall include a minimum of one (1) home visit conducted by a physician or registered nurse.

  • Vlastnictví Zdravotnické zařízení si ponechá a bude uchovávat Zdravotní záznamy. Zdravotnické zařízení a Zkoušející převedou na Zadavatele veškerá svá práva, nároky a tituly, včetně práv duševního vlastnictví k Důvěrným informacím (ve smyslu níže uvedeném) a k jakýmkoli jiným Studijním datům a údajům.

  • Přetrvající platnost This Section 3 “

Time is Money Join Law Insider Premium to draft better contracts faster.